Having picked up the right place, they proceed to designing a self-assembly structure.

Autonomous sewerage systems are a complex installation with a characteristic overflow system, filtration and no less complex electronics. Only a competent calculation and observance of norms and rules will ensure a long and calm life for the "autonomous" company. How to arrange with your own hands an autonomous sewage system for a private house, using "biological weapons" for peaceful purposes?

From a cesspool pit to a biological wastewater treatment plant

Living in a private house is now becoming more comfortable, thanks to the successful and total implementation of engineering systems for water purification. Autonomous sewerage is the most demanded part of engineering communications.

Starting from the primitive and labor-intensive, do-it-yourself "economy options" - cesspools and septic tanks, modern autonomous sewage systems for a private house are fundamentally different from their predecessors. The organization of sewage systems is based on the principle of deep biological wastewater treatment.

What is the principle of an autonomous sewage system for a home

The work of an autonomous sewage system in a private house is organized according to the wastewater treatment method, which assumes the following stages:

Mechanical (cleaning from coarse fractions)

Biological (purification from organic compounds)

Physico-chemical

Waste water disinfection.

At the mechanical stage of cleaning, the effluents pass into a state favorable for the release of suspended solids. The result of mechanical cleaning is the removal of up to 70 percent of contaminants and the creation of an even distribution of water in the drain.

The result of biological wastewater treatment is the degradation of water organic matter using microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic).

An important stage in wastewater treatment is sludge dewatering or changing chemical composition water. A flocculant is used to increase the efficiency of the mechanical process in the sewer system.

The final stage of wastewater treatment is based on its disinfection and subsequent volley discharge.

A simplified diagram of an autonomous sewerage device in a private house for waste disposal consists of the following elements:

Sewerage and fecal waste accumulator

Tanks for cleaning and processing.

But of particular interest are stations for deep biological treatment of wastewater, which include aeration tanks and digesters.

Aeration tank is an open-type reinforced concrete structure. Waste water is passed through the aeration tank, which contains organic contaminants, air and recirculated sludge in an active state are supplied. In a flow-through aeration tank, water circulates continuously. During aeration, the liquid can be in the container for up to several days.

What is deep biological wastewater treatment

Wastewater treatment technology with the use of deep biological treatment plants can be confidently classified as a complex process involving microorganisms. Technologically necessary:

Create conditions conducive to the formation of enzymes

Create conditions for aeration, oxidation and decomposition of substances

In the process of the created life-support conditions for the biological purification cycle, the products will be decomposed

To make a technological discharge of cleaning products into a water body or onto a relief.

Today there are many models of deep wastewater treatment plants. Recall that ready-made stations from the manufacturer are designed for the disposal of sewage, but not for their storage.

The most demanded autonomous sewerage systems are:

Topol - Eco

and this list is updated with new models every year.

Autonomous sewerage, what could be easier! This video will tell you about this.

Deep biological wastewater treatment plants have an impressive cost, but their operational characteristics provide a good degree of wastewater treatment. In addition, the perfect sewage treatment technology makes it possible to reuse the treated discharged water for irrigation. How to install an autonomous sewage system for your home with your own hands?

Installing an autonomous sewage system yourself

Of course, it is preferable to entrust the installation of an autonomous sewage system to specialists. If you intend to carry out the installation yourself, then first you need to consult with specialists who will help in choosing a place for digging a pit for installation. It will not hurt to draw up a plan and installation scheme.

selection of the installation model for autonomous sewerage

When selecting an installation model, the following initial data are required:

The number of consumers and users of the sewage system

Location of ground waters and their water pressure level

Geological composition of soil and ground

Working volume of the receiving chamber

Depth of branch pipe

Prospective place of salvo discharge of effluents.

Based on the collected data, the selection, purchase and delivery of an autonomous sewage system is carried out.

Helpful information

In the model of the treatment plant, the manufacturer indicates the depth of the sewer pipe insertion into the system. This is a height of 1.05 - 1.45 mm from the soil level to the lower edge of the supply pipe.

what to do with your own hands for installation and installation

Installation measures for an autonomous wastewater treatment plant consist of the following stages:

Excavation work

Installation of the station structure into the excavation

Insulation of the upper and side parts of the station

Drainage station construction with sand

Laying of supply and discharge pipes (sewer supply pipe Ø110 mm with insulation and Ø110 mm discharge pipe type DGT-PND)

Gasket electric cable VVG 4x1.5 in a protective tube PND Ø25

Installation of a conical filtration well Ø0.6m. in the upper part, Ø1m. in the lower part, up to 2 m high.

Compressor connections

Installation of polymer-sand hatch

Backfilling of soil.

If, at the sight of this list of events, your enthusiasm has not died out, then it's time to watch the proposed video.

How to install a sewage treatment station yourself will help you video.

Everyone who builds vacation home and conducts the sewerage system, I just have to take care of how to treat wastewater, because many unscrupulous residents install cesspools even without making any internal finishing works... Once in the soil, wastewater can move to the water supply systems of nearby structures, and this has a bad effect on human health. Waste water contains a large amount of harmful impurities and heavy metals.

Technological scheme of wastewater treatment by the bio-membrane method with post-treatment by reverse osmosis.

In order to prevent the ingress of all kinds of impurities from wastewater into drinking water, it is necessary to immediately think over and equip a biological treatment system when building sewage systems. For wastewater treatment plant can be used different methods and designs. There are special cleaning facilities on sale, but they are not cheap at all. It is easier and cheaper to build structures with your own hands. Installation will take about two weeks.

Cleaning types

For biological wastewater treatment, the following structures can be used:

• ordinary cesspool;
• cesspool overflow pit using a concrete ring;
• underground or surface septic tank.

Scheme of the installation for biological wastewater treatment: 1 - primary settling tank; 2 - pre-aerator; 3 - aerotank; 4 - activated sludge regenerator; 5 - secondary settling tank.

Water procedures for any person: washing, bathing, cooking are an integral and necessary part of life. The waters that are formed after all human hygiene procedures are called waste waters. This waste water is sent down the drain with all the dirt, bacteria and chemical constituents of the powders and detergents... You can drain all this into the nearby river, but then sooner or later all living things will die in it. That is why biological wastewater treatment is necessary.

Septic tanks provide it in full. For them to work effectively, you must follow some rules. If the structure is erected correctly, during its application there will be no unpleasant odors and the biological component of wastewater treatment will be ensured. Septic tanks do not need to be constantly cleaned, such as cesspools.

Building materials

It should be noted that this type of biological treatment will last more than one year, both in winter and summer. One condition of operation is the filling in of antiseptic and antibacterial powders to eliminate emerging odors. For the described type of septic tank, the following components are required:

1. Scheme.
2. Eurocubes (800 l each). They work better than concrete structures because concrete can deteriorate over time. Cubes last up to 50 years.
3. Tees.
4. Pipes.
5. Inlet and outlet pipes.
6. Shovels for digging a trench.
7. Covers and tools for closing the septic tank.
8. Cover bricks.
9. Concrete mortar.
10. Formwork and reinforcing bars + wire.
11. Plastic for warming cubes.
12. Oilcloth for waterproofing.

Preparatory work

The operation of the septic tank will be correct only if the incoming and outgoing pipes are installed on the containers (eurocubes). Only after installing these nozzles can they be placed in the ditch. In order for the soil not to crush the containers, it is necessary, after digging the trench, to concrete it on four sides, because the cubes have a thin wall that can crack from pressure. For non-freezing of waste water, it is advisable to furnish the cubes with foam sheets.

Before installing the cubes, they must be filled with plain water. This is to ensure that no damage occurs during installation. Biological treatment with installed containers is the first stage in the sewage system. Taking into account the processes of wastewater treatment and further flow to aeration fields, one should think about a hole for the drainage system. This ditch should be about 30 m long, and the depth depends on the soil parameters, but not less than 70 cm.

Trench preparation

Before you start digging a trench, you need to mark the place. The cleaning installation takes place only in good, sunny weather, because the concrete solution in rain and snow will harden for a very long time. In addition, it is difficult to dig the earth in winter. In order for the cubes to fit, you need to make the trench 40-60 cm wider than the size of the cubes perimeter. You can avoid the penetration of moisture into the soil and isolate the concrete solution from moisture by overlapping the trench with oilcloth.

The next process will be the installation of reinforcing bars and formwork. The rods must be taken according to the size of the trench depth. They are connected with iron wire. Then wooden boards are installed along the perimeter of the reinforcing rods. Next, a concrete solution is mixed (sand and cement in a ratio of 2: 6). After thoroughly mixing the solution, it is poured between the soil and the connected reinforcing rods. The reinforcement is installed for the strength of the concrete.

Drying of the solution occurs in warm weather for 10 days. After the mortar has dried, the formwork must be removed. Those places where the solution has not frozen or has some flaws must be covered until a flat surface is obtained. The trench is ready. Cubes need to be installed only after they are assembled.

Drainage structure

To begin with, the tank drains are sealed. If the neck is small, it will need to be cut slightly to fit the tee. On both sides of each cube, you need to make holes for the pipe that will enter. The distance from the top of the cube is 15-25 cm. For further installation of ventilation, cut holes on the horizontal "roof" of the cubes are required.

It is important that all pipe connecting processes are carried out using tees.

In order for wastewater treatment to take place in the correct way, you need to connect the cubes together. For such a connection, you need to cut a round part from opposite sides of each cube. Its diameter must match the diameter of the pipes. This hole should be 30 cm below the drainage pipe hole. The containers are connected to each other using a pipe. Care must be taken to have a very good connection. This is to avoid drips and sewage penetration through the holes.

For the connection, a metal whip is used, which is welded to the surrounding mesh of the container. In the second container, it is necessary to cut a hole in order to install a pipe for drainage system. It is important to carefully treat each pipe joint with silicone sealants.

At the end of the installation and connection work, the containers must be lowered into the trench and covered with foam sheets, and then covered with earth. Only ventilation pipes should remain on the surface.

The next process that must be carried out is the drainage pipe from the tanks. For this, it is necessary to purchase a perforated pipe with a diameter of 5 cm. This pipe must be connected to one of the tanks and led out through an aeration ditch. For the system to work correctly and it does not freeze, it is necessary to lay out this ditch with gravel 25 cm. After installing the pipe in the ditch, it is covered with gravel and then earth.

If the groundwater level is high or unstable, has fluctuations that depend on weather conditions, it is necessary to create a bulk drainage field. In this case, all the above work should be done, but with the additional installation of another container. It will serve as an additional well. A pump is installed inside this container, which is equipped with a pre-switching float. This is done so that waste water, already treated, is pumped into the area of \u200b\u200bthe drainage field, which is filled up higher than the groundwater.

Under no circumstances should it be allowed to fill up to the edges of the tank containing waste water, especially in the cold season. When the liquid inside the container freezes, this liquid will expand, and the walls of the cubes may burst due to the generated internal pressure. Good way, which will not allow such emergencies, is the installation of a drain barrel. It must be installed below the freezing point. There is another option - the maximum insulation of the walls of the containers.

Ventilation systems must be installed. When installing sewer systems, ventilation risers or installations are installed that suck in air using a valve method. This is done so that there is no accumulation of rarefied air in the pipes, which prevents wastewater from draining into the tanks. It is better to divide the wastewater treatment compartments into clean and dirty compartments.

After all the work done and after the compartments are filled up, for interior beauty in the courtyard, you need to make a brick skeleton. This is also done in order to equip the tanks with lids. And extra heat insulation will not hurt. That is, you need to cover the top places of these tanks brickwork... Having made the markings and a small foundation with formwork and reinforcing bars, you need to fill everything concrete mortar... What ratio of the components of the solution is needed is described above.

After the foundation has solidified, you need to lay out the bricks around the perimeter and connect them with the help of cement mortar. The structure should be insulated with covers. You can use hatches or make opening doors on a vertical surface brick house... This is also convenient because upon the arrival of the machine that will pump out the contents, you can simply open the lid to access the septic tank.

Work principles

The principle of biological treatment is that wastewater does not enter the soil and water environment, because there are many water supply systems on the territory of private houses, for example, wells, rivers and lakes. Once in the soil, wastewater mixes with groundwater, and then enters the water supply system, so the wastewater must be treated.

The principle of operation of the above-described septic tanks for wastewater treatment is the mechanical separation of solid components from the liquid. For wastewater treatment, the main thing is to exclude the ingress of these solid components into soil and water. After separating the solid parts from the liquid, the liquid part of the wastewater will be decomposed anaerobically. In the first stage of cleaning, thanks to the two-level device of the drain tank, the liquid passes from one section to another. Anaerobic digestion refers to the digestion process by bacteria. For such biological treatment, the addition of biological activators is necessary in the tank.

When wastewater treatment occurs, the waste that remains undissolved, which is about 1%, settles at the bottom of the septic tank. Purified water will enter the ground, but will not harm the environment, although it is not sterile.

To clean such a structure, you need to call a special sewer truck. But this will need to be done, if we count from the moment of construction, in almost 1.5 years. Experts recommend installing septic tanks in the fall. This is not so exhausting for a person, since there is no summer heat, and there will not be a lot of microbial activity, which is also important.

Environmental pollution is in the first place today, the solution of this issue concerns absolutely all spheres of human life. One major step towards solving the sanitary and hygienic problem has already been taken - numerous treatment plants for private use have been developed. Since it is the private use of water resources that causes most of the trouble, special standards have been adopted, thanks to which the risk of contamination is significantly reduced.

The standards for various treatment facilities are in the SNiP collections, on the basis of which the design part of the sewerage systems is drawn up, based on the characteristics of the territory where construction work will be carried out.

Types used and their characteristics

The tanks used have a mass distinctive features, which may be indispensable in certain natural conditions, but may be too demanding in care, or the initial cost will only increase over time. Consider the existing types of containers used today:

• cesspools and storage tanks, very old look reservoir, is gradually losing its popularity due to the increase in cost, each call of the sewer increases the primary cost of the product;
• septic tanks - a relatively new type of treatment structure, allows you to dispose of clean water into the ground, subject to reaching a certain percentage described in state standards;
• biological treatment plants - a new engineering structure, a fully automated process, the degree of treatment reaches stunning results.

Three main types can be purchased from the manufacturer or made independently. Individual production requires serious preparation, collection of information, a detailed elaborated project.

The plant biological treatment stations are designed at the level of local urban wastewater treatment systems, they have certain sensors and a special console, using which you can receive and send signals.

The effluents entering the station are cleaned by several types of procedures, we are talking about both mechanical and biological cleaning. The degree of purity reaches 97-100%, which makes it possible to reuse the resource for technical purposes.

Progress goes forward without looking back, gradually improving the existing developments, factory models of stations can disinfect water with ultrasound, other devices, the price accordingly becomes higher. There is a mass different optionsbut most of the cleaning is done by microorganisms to achieve this level of cleanliness.

Stations are divided into two types:

• simple stations;
• deep wastewater treatment stations.

Products consist of the following parts:

• several cleaning chambers, often the number three, there may be more, each chamber has its own purpose;
• filters for final cleaning;
• special ventilation devices, air ducts or compressor;
• emergency sensors and other types of special equipment.

Biological cleaning

The biological cleaning station gets its name from the bacteria used as a recycling substance, organic waste is completely decomposed into a harmless sludge, which can then be used to create compost.

Stations are divided into types precisely based on the selected bacteria, which in turn can be:

• aerobic;
• anaerobic representatives.

Each species has features, for example, anaerobic microbes can live only in an environment where oxygen is present, for this the station needs devices that exchange gases inside the section where microorganisms are located. Anaerobic bacteria are used in sealed sections and do well without oxygen.

Different sections can have different equipment, which will allow using both types of biological mixtures to obtain the best results.

Organization of the site for the station

You need to choose a place in accordance with the regulated norms. The station is located in a place that meets the following standards:

• after analyzing the terrain and relief, inclusive, a place is selected in the lowland of the site, which helps to facilitate land work to comply with the angle of inclination, thus ensuring the gravity of wastewater through the pipeline;
• the treatment plant is removed from sources of drinking water at least 30 meters;
• from the main building on the site, the distance is 15-20 meters;
• minor buildings are located within 10-15 meters;
• natural bodies of water must be removed at least 35 meters.

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• the bottom is cemented, if necessary, clamps are made for the container;
• the walls line up.

After the bottom has dried, on cement base lower concrete rings fixing with cement mortar, other containers used to create a biological station.

While the concrete is solidifying, a preliminary layout of the pipes is made. An embankment is made in trenches of sand and gravel, on which the building insulating fabric is laid. Pipes are laid, the junction is processed with sealed plumbing mastic.

Concrete rings are treated with a bituminous waterproofing solution outside and inside, three layers are applied, each next only after the previous one has completely dried.

The pipeline is brought to the receiving tank, connected, sealed.

The second tank is equipped with an air duct, for this, a pipe is cut in, which rises at the level of the ground cover by 70 cm, an umbrella is installed from above as protection against atmospheric moisture entering the system.

Connecting pipes are installed between the sections, the gaps between the tank wall and the pipe are sealed. The last tank also has a pipe for liquid disposal. It is directed at an angle into the post-treatment well, another device with a special embankment in layers (sand, sand and gravel, clean gravel).

A test run is carried out with clean water, in the absence of a leak, warm water is poured into the tanks by a quarter, after which biological agents for processing are poured, the containers are covered with lids. Reverse winding of pipes and backfill is carried out.

The biological wastewater treatment plant is ready for use.

There are several ways to clean sewer drains generated when people live in a private house. Some are cheaper to install, others are easier to operate. But if the most efficient treatment system is required, then there is only one option - an aerobic septic tank, also called an active septic tank or a biological treatment station. The sewage in it is processed by microorganisms by 98–99%. Although it is large, it is quite simple to arrange with your own hands.

The task of any sanitary wastewater treatment system includes their processing and drainage into the ground. First, the effluent is clarified in a sump, during which large suspended matter settles. The treated water is then drained or used in economic needsand the sludge is pumped out.

Septic tank with aerobic wastewater treatment

However, quite often a variety of disinfection and filtration elements are added to this scheme. Getting into a local treatment system (VOC) of a standard design, sewage effluents undergo three stages of disposal:

1. Primary filtration, clarification of water with sedimentation of heavy fractions to the bottom of the tank.
2. Fermentation with partial decomposition of organic matter.
3. Drainage into the ground or pumping out with sewage equipment.

In a cesspool, all these processes take place in one container. However, this option is acceptable only for small volumes of wastewater, otherwise, due to overflow with waste, the "cesspool" ceases to perform its functions.

Numerous types of typical septic tanks subject waste to partial processing up to 60–70% of the volume. Anaerobic bacteria that do not require oxygen help them in this. They are present in the same cesspool, providing continuous fermentation and decay of organic waste in it. However, they are "slow", to speed up their work in the septic tank you have to constantly add a bioactivator.

General scheme of a septic tank with aerobic bacteria

More productive are aerobes - microorganisms that require constant oxygen supply for their vital functions. Therefore, in order to provide them with the necessary oxygen, aerobic septic tanks are supplied with aerators and air compressors.

It's important to know! Only with continuous pumping of air will a septic tank with aerobes function effectively.

VOC scheme for deep biological treatment

An active aerobic septic tank consists of several chambers:

1. Sump for clarification.
2. A reservoir with an aerator (there may be several of them).
3. Prefabricated well with water purified to technical quality.

To operate such a treatment system, not only microorganisms are needed, but also electricity. If bacteria feed on waste, then pumps and compressors need electricity.

Advice! The aerobic septic tank is a volatile unit. If private house is regularly de-energized due to power failures, it is better to find another cleaning option or take care of an emergency generator.

How bacteria work in an "oxygen" septic tank

Anaerobic bacteria are always present in the primary VOC settling tank. Fermentation of waste water in it takes place in two stages: acidic and alkaline. The first occurs at the very beginning after starting, when the septic tank only receives the first volume of sewage. In its course, a large volume of gases with unpleasant odors are formed, which displace oxygen from the tank.

Due to oxygen starvation in the purification tank, a rapid increase in the number of anaerobic microorganisms begins - this is already alkaline fermentation. Silt at the bottom acquires a dark color and no longer emits fetid odors. But it is in it that anaerobes "live".

Advice! It is not necessary to completely clean the sump of alkaline sludge. Its small mass at the bottom of the treatment tank is a guarantee of the absence of sewage stench and the correct operation of VOC.

Diagram of the wastewater treatment process

Further, the water clarified in the sump goes to the after treatment in the aerobic chamber of the septic tank. Aerobic bacteria are already beginning to act here. And the more oxygen they receive, the better and faster they decompose and oxidize organic matter.

Additional treatment of effluents in an aerobic septic tank is carried out not by natural aerobic microorganisms, but by bacteria specially removed and attached to the filters. They purify wastewater by 99%, which allows the treated water to be reused for technical needs.

In order for the aerobes to work efficiently, the water in the tank is blown with air - aerated. For this, compressors are used. The settled effluent, when it enters the post-treatment chamber, is mixed with activated sludge, which will rise from the bottom due to the effect of compressed air.

Aerobic bacteria begin to process organic matter and multiply. As a result, a small amount of additional sludge is formed, which settles at the bottom. The volume of the septic tank is calculated so that the sediment from it had to be unloaded no more than once a year.

Pros of using aerobes for wastewater treatment

Aerobic septic tanks have four undeniable benefits:

1. Lack of unpleasant odors.
2. The minimum number of cleanings - you need to call the vacuum trucks only once a year.
3. Maximum biosecurity - pollution of land and groundwater is practically excluded.
4. Opportunity secondary use purified water for irrigation or technical needs.

The device of a two-chamber anaerobic-aerobic septic tank with a drainage field

The only drawback is the sensitivity of the microflora of the aerobic septic tank to some chemical compounds that lead to the death of aerobes.

Important! Aerobic bacteria and household chemicals with a high content of compounds of formaldehyde and chlorine are incompatible. These substances simply kill aerobic microorganisms.

DIY aerobic septic tank installation

The easiest way to complete the installation of a factory septic tank is an aerobic type. This is a ready-made system, which you just need to bury in the ground and bring the sewer to it. It comes in the form of plastic or metal containers with a set of compressor and pumping equipment.

The size of the sump is determined at the rate of 600 liters of wastewater for each person living in the house. That's 200 daily liters multiplied by three days. These are the recommendations of SNiP for private cottages.

Overflow septic tank from two reinforced concrete wells

With your own hands, an aerobic septic tank can be made from several tanks, for the arrangement of which it will fit:

1. Brick.
2. Reinforced concrete rings.
3. Plastic containers.
4. Iron barrels.
5. Car tires.

You will have to tinker with brick wells, reinforced concrete is heavy and will require lifting equipment. Iron barrels and tanks are subject to corrosive processes. The best option - plastic. But the choice of material largely depends on its availability and cost in a particular region.

DIY aerobic VOC device

For the functioning of an aerobic septic tank, you will need equipment:

• external compressor for air pumping;
• aerator for saturating the aerobic tank with oxygen;
• a pump for pumping sludge from the outer tank into a container with bacteria;
• submersible pump for pumping treated water.

Important! All this technique requires an electrical connection, a septic tank with aerobes is volatile. This should be taken into account when choosing a local treatment plant for country housewhere electrical problems are possible.

Video: odorless aerobic two-chamber septic tank

If you wish, you can install an aerobic septic tank yourself. It is enough to assemble the factory set of the purification system according to the instructions. But when arranging wells or sedimentation tanks made of reinforced concrete or brick, you will have to work. But anything is possible. It is also important to properly connect electrical equipment and load into the aerobic cleaning chamber. The main thing is not to miscalculate with the power and size of the septic tank.

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The main purpose of the sewerage system in the country is to collect, purify and further drain the wastewater generated when using water for household and hygienic purposes. Also, a suburban sewerage system for a summer residence is able to cope with the processing of feces. At any dacha where people sometimes live, it is necessary to equip a sewerage system that will create normal living conditions.

An important component of civilized life is the availability of sewerage and running water. Residents of apartment buildings do not think about how the sewerage systems function, since all the drains go into a sewer served by city utilities.

Waste water is waste water from sinks, baths, kitchen sinksas well as faeces from the toilet. They are removed using an internal pipeline outside the house, and then into the street sewer network.

If there is no centralized drain, then you have to independently lay a sewage system to drain and treat wastewater.

In such cases, you can create:

• an all-alloy structure (with melt and rainwater entering the treatment plant together with household wastewater);
• a separate system (this creates separate drains for melt and rainwater).

The best solution is to create a separate system in which the drains are treated.

The simplest do-it-yourself sewage system is created from the following elements:

• yard external network;
• treatment facilities;
• house internal network with plumbing fixtures.

Sewerage scheme in the country

Before proceeding with the creation of a sewage system, be sure to make a diagram of the location of its main elements. It also indicates the house and the served plumbing equipment... It is recommended to "tie" all plumbing to one collector, which will direct the drains to the same place. Read also: "".

In the event that sewage comes from different ends of the site, then sometimes it is necessary to create more points for the waste disposal. When laying pipes, it is necessary to find out the depth of soil freezing, as well as the level of groundwater. Read also: "".

Choosing a place for the sewer system near the country house

When choosing a place for a sewer pit, the soil and terrain features are examined, taking into account:

• remoteness from buildings, fences and water supply elements;
• the slope of the site;
• the possibility of access to special equipment for cleaning the pit.

Since the buildings in the country house are intended for temporary use, it is not necessary to create volumetric sedimentation tanks. Thanks to this, there is no need to invest a lot of time and money in the country sewage system.

According to building and sanitary standards, the drainage pit must be at least 5 meters away from residential buildings. It is better to equip the sump at the lowest point of the site in order to facilitate the flow of wastewater into it.

A properly drawn up project allows you to avoid overspending of pipes and observe all the nuances (when creating a sewage system, it is necessary to take into account the location of the telephone cable, gas mains and other communications). It is important that the water supply and sewerage systems do not overlap.

Sewerage system construction

Currently, a biological treatment station for a summer residence is popular. In modern sites, septic tanks are often found, as they are more efficient than traditional cesspools. These devices are capable of treating wastewater and discharging it into the ground. Of course, sometimes it will be necessary to call a sewage truck, but this need will arise much less often than when creating a conventional pit.

In order to build an effective sewerage system with a septic tank, you need to follow the instructions exactly.

In progress:

1. A pit is dug about 3 meters deep, after completion of the work, the bottom is compacted with a layer of clay.
2. In the case of using concrete, wall formwork is performed. This will require: wooden bar, OSB sheets, plastic pipe cuttings (read also: "").
3. After the formwork, its sheets are fixed in the pit. For this purpose, a wooden beam is used - it is used to wedge the formwork sheets in the pit. After securely fixing and wedging the structure, the pipe cuttings are inserted into the pre-created holes. The pipes are driven into the ground by at least 50 mm so that they do not twist out under the influence of concrete, which can get into the pit.
4. Metal rods are used to reinforce the walls - such a structure will be much stronger. A special hole is required to enter the pipes.
   It is desirable that the septic tank is located no more than 15-20 meters from the foundation of the house, but not closer than 5 meters. To calculate the required capacity of the device, you need to multiply the daily rate of waste per person by the number of residents.
5. The bottom of the septic tank is filled with concrete. As for the walls, the concrete or brick used in their construction is plastered. After pouring one part of the pit, the solution is allowed to dry for 2-3 days, then the formwork is rearranged on the other two walls, and concrete is poured again.
6. Depending on the depth of the groundwater and the type of soil, filtering devices are selected. One of the most reliable options is a well made of reinforced concrete rings with a diameter of 1500 millimeters.

If a filter well is equipped, then the sewage system for country house is created like this:

1. A mine is being dug, its size should exceed the diameter of the rings by 80 centimeters.
2. A concrete screed is made around the perimeter, and the center must always remain free so that wastewater can seep into the ground.
3. 3 rings are placed in the pit with a crane.
4. In the lowest of them, holes with a diameter of 5 centimeters are drilled using a perforator, the distance between them should be about 10 centimeters.
5. The well is filled with filtering material to a height of about 1 meter. Soil, gravel, broken brick and other small materials are used as backfill.
6. The same backfill is made between the walls of the well outside and the rings. The inlet pipe is installed above the backfill level by 500 millimeters so that it enters the well through the side hole in the reinforced concrete ring.
7. A hatch with two holes is equipped: for the cover and the exhaust riser (respectively 500 and 100 millimeters).

In addition to a septic tank on unstable soil, it is recommended to create a filter well.

Sewer pipe laying

When installing the sewage system in the country, not only a septic tank is equipped, but pipes are also laid, and in compliance with all building codes. The system must have a sufficient slope so that the flow of effluent is spontaneous.

The further from the house the sewer is located, the deeper the pipe entrance should be. If this rule is not observed, then the drains will not drain on their own, respectively, you will have to use a pump to pump them out. This will lead to unnecessary costs and hassle.

Sewerage systems for summer cottages are created from cast iron or plastic pipes. Plastic products they are necessarily sealed with a rubber gasket, and cast iron are sealed with a tarred cable and covered with cement mortar.

To lay the pipeline, a trench is dug with a depth of at least 1 meter, otherwise they will have to be insulated. Typically, the depth at which pipes are laid depends on the average temperature in winter. For example, in regions with a warm climate, the depth of the trenches can be 70 centimeters, and in areas with severe winters, it must be increased to 180 centimeters.

In unstable soil, the bottom of the dug trench is reinforced with a layer of sand about 15 centimeters thick. Then the moat is covered with soil and compacted.

It is better to lay pipes without turning, since it is in these areas that blockages are most often formed. If this is not possible, then a viewing well is set up in this place, which is sealed with concrete, and in some situations with hot bitumen.

Internal sewerage network

After the construction of the septic tank and the laying of pipes, the internal sewerage network is being equipped. The house network ensures the collection of waste water and its delivery to the street sewer.

Self-creation internal system as follows:

1. Sinks, bathtubs, washbasins and other plumbing fixtures are connected to a riser with a diameter of 50 millimeters. The devices are supplied with a pipe of the same diameter with a slope that does not exceed 25 millimeters per linear meter.
2. At the outlet of any plumbing device, water locks are installed that do not give unpleasant odors enter the house.
3. The toilet requires a riser with a diameter of 100 millimeters, and pipes are laid at an angle not exceeding 12 millimeters. According to SNiP, a large slope should not be created, since in this case the sewer system will often become clogged.
4. All risers are connected to a prefabricated sewer line that removes waste water from the house. Its diameter should be 100 millimeters.
5. A small window measuring 300x300 millimeters is created in the basement wall or in the foundation of the house to lead the sewer network from the building to the street (read also: "").
6. A pipe is placed in the hole made. Be sure to leave a gap of at least 150 millimeters. Otherwise, the pipe can be damaged by the building shrinkage.

When creating an internal sewer network, plastic or cast iron pipes are used. Plastic products connected with special fittings, and cast iron - by welding.

Sewerage on summer cottage it is quite possible to do it yourself, just have some skills. There are several options for autonomous sewerage, and each site owner can choose the type of system that meets his requirements and capabilities. The most modern type of sewage system is a structure with a septic tank, in which the drains are cleaned and then disposed of in the ground without harming the environment. For the sewer system to be effective, it is important to comply with all building codes and regulations.