How to choose a roofing sealant. The choice of a sealant for a roof Sealant bitumen rubber for a roof

The main component for bituminous sealant is bitumen. Bituminous sealants are among the most quality materialsused for sealing. They are especially popular for roof insulation. The article is devoted to the question of how to choose the right bitumen sealant.

Bitumen roofing sealant

The base of this sealant is modified bitumen. It has an aluminum shade due to the presence of aluminum pigment in the composition.

Properties of bituminous sealant

It comes in the form of a paste and has a number of positive qualities:

• sets quickly;
• adheres to almost all materials;
• forms a durable, elastic surface;
• protects metal structures from corrosion;
• does not collapse under the influence sun rays and high humidity;
• used immediately. Surface preparation and drying is not required.

Negative points

Has a bituminous sealant and some restrictions in its use:

• does not tolerate very high temperatures;
• absorbs into porous materials, therefore a preliminary primer is needed;
• dries for a long time if you apply a thick layer. The consumption of bitumen sealant also depends on the thickness of the layer;
• does not adhere well to oily surfaces. It is necessary to apply a primer before sealing;
• does not keep varnishes and paints on its surface;
• is toxic, so a bituminous sealant is used for outdoor work.

Using

When repairing a roof, bituminous sealant is indispensable when:

1. Seal joints between sheets of roofing material.
2. Waterproofing is performed after installing pipes, valleys, various strips on the roof, at the joints of the roof and wall.
3. Eliminate leaks.
4. The roof is sealed in those places where the fasteners of snow retention devices, stairs, railings, etc. pass through it.

Although a bituminous sealant is intended for metal roofing, it is also used for other purposes:

• seal cracks in the stone before covering it with roll-up waterproofing;
• they glue sheets of waterproofing;
• cover concrete products before laying them in the ground;
• eliminate leakage in sewer pipes, where the liquid moves by gravity.

An overview of popular bituminous sealants

It is not difficult to buy bituminous sealants, but it is better to choose a quality one that has good characteristics and is produced by a reliable manufacturer.

Professionals often use the black bitumen sealant PENOSIL Bitum Sealant, which is produced in Estonia. It finds application when it is necessary to perform the following work:

• fill seams and cracks in sedentary areas;
• eliminate a leak on a flat roof;
• close up the seams in the metal roof;
• make the joints between the bitumen plates or strips tighter.

Characteristics:

• adheres perfectly to metal, ceramics, concrete, bitumen;
• melts at 100 C;
• the sealant cartridge is completed with a gun.

Bituminous sealant "Moment" is produced in Germany and is no less popular. They are repaired:

• roofs;
• drain pipes;
• ventilation systems.

Possesses high moisture, wear and heat resistance.
The Belgian one-component roofing sealant SOUDAL has also earned good reviews. Copes well:

• with cracks and cracks in the roof;
• with cold gluing of roofing material;
• with the repair of gutters and drainage pipes;
• with filling of seams of inactive.

Bitumen-polymer sealant

Bituminous-polymer sealant is used when:

1. Sealing expansion joints on asphalt and concrete pavement of a motorway or runway.
2. Close up of cracks in concrete or asphalt pavements.

Composition

This hot sealant contains:

• petroleum bitumen;
• modified synthetic rubber;
• technological additives.

Properties

The use of bitumen-polymer sealant in the most critical places is due to its properties, namely:

1. Large range of temperatures at which it can be used. Store at temperatures from -20 to +30 C. Working temperature from 160 to 190 C. Softens at temperatures from 95 to 105 C.
2. High elasticity. Under the influence of ultraviolet rays, its properties change by only 15% within 1000 hours.
3. No shrinkage.

• BP-G25;
• BP-G35;
• BP-G50.

Noteworthy is the bitumen-polymer sealant "Prestige", which is produced by the Russian company "Polymer Progress". This material:

• one-component - black mass;
• wear-resistant. Withstands both significant temperature fluctuations and aggressive environments;
• adhere well to metal, stone, concrete.

The composition includes:

• polymers;
• road petroleum bitumen;
• plasticizers;
• adhesive additives.

It is used in the repair of roads and airfields.

The universal hot-use bitumen-polymer sealant TechnoNIKOL No. 42 from the domestic manufacturer TECHNONICOL is also widely known:

• all characteristics appear 1 hour after application;
• it can be used at different temperatures, which is a great advantage.

In the above examples, we were talking about hot-applied bitumen-polymer sealants, but there is another type - cold application. These include BIOM-I sealant-mastic. The material is produced by the ANTIHYDRON company. It is used when:

• sealing joints both horizontal and vertical;
• sealing small cracks;
• the device of an independent waterproofing coating;
• laying roofing material.

It is a sticky paste, very viscous, reinforced with polymer fiber.

Bituminous rubber sealant

The main difference between bitumen-rubber sealant and just bitumen is that:

1. It is based on bitumen and rubber.
2. Its vibration damping properties are retained even at very low temperatures - maximum -60 C.
3. It is more economical.
4. It does not require constant heating. Consequently, electricity is saved and the need for special equipment is eliminated.
5. The price for a rubber-bitumen sealant is much less than, for example, for a bitumen-polymer one.

The best bitumen-rubber sealants

A good option is the Tytan bitumen-rubber sealant from TYTAN. Has a number of advantages:

• good adhesion to dry and wet materials;
• resistance to various atmospheric influences;
• ability to adhere to vertical surfaces due to high viscosity;
• constant plasticity;
• lack of asbestos in the composition.

They are repairing roofs:

• metal;
• bituminous;
• tiled;
• wooden.

Seals:

• cracks;
• leaks.

Seal:

• gutters;
• dormer windows.

The bitumen-rubber sealant BITUM 300 possesses high quality, which has proven itself well in the repair and sealing of the roof, because:

• retains its characteristics in the range -35 + 110 С;
• applied at a temperature not lower than +5 and not higher than +30 С;
• dries up in 20 minutes;
• consumed 25 ml / m with seam parameters 0.5x0.5 cm;
• stored for 1 year.

Now let's summarize how you still choose a bituminous sealant. Simple tips:

• first, give an estimate of the surface to be sealed;
• secondly, read the instructions on the package;
• thirdly, decide on the quantity;
• fourth, ask the seller for a certificate for the selected material;
• fifth, when working with the sealant, follow the instructions.

This video describes how to work with 808 Kim Tec Bitumen Sealant from KIM TEC. The recommendations given by the author apply equally to all bituminous roofing sealants:

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Defects of metal roofs are usually associated with a leaky junction of them individual elements... But due to the leakage of the roof, considerable problems can arise that will disrupt the normal living conditions in the house and over time the building envelope may become unusable. For example, metal leakage pitched roof can cause rotting rafter system made of wood.

Types of roofing sealants

Reliability and strength of any roof is given by the use of special sealing pastes. For example, a metal roofing sealant should have:

• good elasticity;
• excellent adhesion to metal surfaces;
• increased vibration resistance;
• high water-repellent characteristics;
• increased resistance to weathering of any type.

By the type of transition to a working state, materials of the following types are distinguished:

• uncured, which do not change their qualities after use. it perfect solution for sealing joints of various configurations. The non-curing metal roofing sealant is characterized by good adhesion, weather and water resistance. The operating temperature range, while maintaining its properties, is 200 degrees, ranging from -60 ° C to + 140 ° C. Release form - packaged pastes or double-sided sealing tapes. The latter are often used to seal all types of seam joints;

• curable, changing their state either as a result of drying, that is, evaporation of the liquid, or a chemical reaction. According to the method of use, they differ from non-curing ones - their components are mixed immediately before the start of insulation work.

No matter how the mixing takes place - manually or using special equipment, the "vital activity" of the composition does not exceed three hours.

Manufacturers and products

Choosing a sealant for metal roofing is both easy and difficult. On the one hand, there is a fairly wide assortment, on the other, the quality of the material is of particular importance. Considering the disastrous results that the use of low-quality material for the roof can lead to, it is advisable to first of all look for them among the products of well-known manufacturers. Here are just a few examples.

Titanium sealants can be used at subzero temperatures, on surfaces of any orientation, including vertical ones. There are no restrictions on the composition of the base. High adhesion rates allow you to do without preliminary preparation of the base. It can be used on metal, tile, wood and other surfaces. For example, Tytan Industry PU-25 is suitable for the insulation of seam and flat roofs.

Sazilast 51–53 is used for folded roofs. Sealing can be carried out at ambient temperatures ranging from -15 ° C to + 40 ° C.

SOUDAL Aquafix adheres to most surfaces, including wet or underwater. Ideal for urgent repairs or other work in the rain. The product is used for metal tiles, for repairing leaks in gutters. The surface for it must be degrease, clean from dust and dirt, the paste itself is already ready for use.

Ceresit silicone sealant from Henkel Bautechnik is even more resistant to extreme temperatures. After curing, it becomes similar to plastic and is not elastic enough, therefore it does not deform at the same time as the seam.

How to work with sealant

Today, the silicone type is especially widespread. Its application is so simple that it allows you to perform all necessary work without involving professionals. As with any material, there are also nuances here. For example, the following ratio between its depth and width is considered a condition for reliable sealing of joints - it should not be more than two to three.

Usually the seam depth turns out to be greater, then a special polyethylene cord is previously inserted into it to adjust the parameters.

Even if there is no ready-made, the cord can be made yourself from ordinary plastic bags or pouches.

The large width of the seam is "corrected" by placing a strip of polyethylene to three planes.

Before using the sealing compound, the surfaces are thoroughly prepared: cleaned, degreased, and in some cases additionally primed.

To get a flat surface, use a spatula with a width corresponding to the width of the joint, designed specifically for this purpose, or special leveling mixtures and sprays. It should be noted that the drying time of the silicone sealant determines the depth and width of the joint to be filled, but, one way or another, very little time is needed for the initial solidification of the viscous mass.

Metal roof sealing technology

Seams and places where the fasteners of the folds are connected are sealed with or polyurethane.

It is prohibited to use silicone materials for folded roofs, as they cause rust on the surface of the rebates.

Such work will be carried out in stages. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt, including rust, degreased with a solvent and thoroughly dried. Only then paste is applied to the seam seam.

Note that it is far from always convenient to use a sealant in this form. Sometimes, for example, it is necessary to ensure the adhesion of the paste to the surface, and not the formation of a convex seam.

For corrugated roofs, for example, it is sometimes more convenient to use self-adhesive tapes with an applied sealing compound. On one side, remove the anti-adhesive coating and press the tape with the sticky side to the cleaned and degreased joint of the sheets. If necessary, the edge is rolled with a roller.

For complex surfaces, say, places of abutment to structures overlooking the roof, use special tapes with a corrugated surface.

For high-quality roofing correct styling roofing is not enough - you also need to take care of the strong isolation of the most problematic areas (areas for the location of additional parts, joints, etc.) from atmospheric precipitation. For this type of work, roofing sealant is used. The name is translated into Russian as “dry”, “inaccessible to air”, “tightly”.

Material characteristic

Sealant is a special substance of viscous, pasty and flowing consistency, made on the basis of organosilicon and polysulfide liquid rubbers, polymers. It is used in order to ensure the impermeability of various joints and joints. The substance is applied to bolts, rivets and other joints.

Sealant - new generation material. Its distinctive qualities are strength, reliability, elasticity. Important advantages of this substance are its moisture and air tightness. The choice of a specific sealant depends on the type of surface for which it will be used.

The substance retains its physical properties in a fairly wide temperature range: from minus 55 to plus 80 degrees.

Types of sealants

Depending on the base, all sealants are divided into four main types:

• silicone;
• bituminous;
• acrylic;
• polyurethane.

Silicone or rubber

The sealant type is the most common. The basis of the material is silicone rubber. Sold in 310 ml tubes. It is multifunctional: it is often used in everyday life for joints, moving external seams, when assembling panels, frames, verandas, when working with ceramics, wood and glass.

Its high resistance to extreme temperature fluctuations and UV radiation makes it very popular in roofing applications.

Silicone sealants, in turn, are divided into subspecies: acetic (acetate) and neutral.

A distinctive feature of the vinegar sealant is a significantly higher level of strength compared to neutral.

It is suitable for use on smooth surfaces such as glass. The main disadvantage of an acidic sealant is the presence of a pungent pungent odor, which, however, quickly disappears after complete drying.

Neutral sealants completely odorless and less toxic. They are used for work in the bathroom, kitchen, and other rooms. The distinctive qualities of this subspecies are excellent adhesion to wood, glass, ceramic surfaces, enamel, porcelain, etc.

Bituminous sealant

Used for metal roofing.

The material is developed on the basis of modified bitumen, to which an aluminum pigment is added. It is a fluid mass with a beautiful aluminum shade.

Among its advantages are super-durability, elasticity, durability. The material is easily colored and does not age. It has a high level of water resistance and excellent adhesion to both dry and wet surfaces.

This type of sealant is used to seal various voids, cracks and seams that form in a metal roof. They can be used to strengthen roofing ridge, chimneys, gutters, ventilation and any other metal surfaces.

Since the material is very toxic, it can only be used when working from the outside of the building.

There are some varieties of bituminous roofing sealant, which are resistant not only to snow, rain, sunlight, but also to solvents, various oils, gasoline and many other chemicals.

Sealants of this type are in most cases used to level cracks, fill joints and seams in structures, smooth joints in windows, walls, floors. Their use is advisable in those points where there is a risk of displacement of the connected structures or parts under the influence of temperature fluctuations, mechanical stress, humidity, shrinkage, wind, vibration and sound.

Modern acrylic sealants are made on the basis of modified silicone additives. In their properties, they are identical to high quality silicone, but at a price they are more affordable.

Sealants of this type have excellent adhesion to brick, concrete, tiles, fiberboard, PVC, painted, varnished surfaces, porous substrates. They are resistant to temperature fluctuations, UV radiation, and can withstand heat, cold, extreme dryness and high humidity.

Acrylic sealants retain their qualities in the temperature range from minus 40 to plus 80 degrees, perfectly withstand mechanical stress.

This substance does not deteriorate when exposed to moisture: its water absorption is 0.5%. The material can be successfully used in high humidity conditions. Thanks to antifungal additives, the sealant protects surfaces from the growth of mold and mildew.

Transparent acrylic based sealant appearance does not differ from silicone. It gives a perfectly transparent sealed seam, suitable for work both indoors and outdoors. They can be used for sealing siding, ventilation openings, etc.

Polyurethane sealant produced on the basis of resin polymerized under special conditions. It is an elastic, viscous, homogeneous mass that can be easily applied to any surface. It is the most durable and reliable material used for sealing. Although it is more expensive than other types, it fully pays for the costs due to its quality characteristics and high degree of efficiency.

Polyurethane sealant can be handled at fairly low temperatures. During repairs, they are sealed with interpanel seams, insulated glass units, swimming pools, winter gardens. A high degree of resistance to temperature fluctuations and high humidity allows the use of this substance at roofing worksoh.

There are several types of polyurethane sealants:

• sealing - designed for dry surfaces;

• waterproofing - for use in conditions of high humidity levels, as well as for surfaces in direct contact with water.

The substance is easy to apply and hardens quickly. It is very economical to use as it requires a small amount of sealant to operate.

The substance retains its quality characteristics for a long period of time, does not exfoliate and does not undergo destruction.

Surfaces that must be protected from moisture, ultraviolet radiation, and the growth of microorganisms are treated with a polyurethane sealant. The use of this material in the implementation of roofing works allows to ensure an increased level of strength of the structure being erected.

Polyurethane sealant is available in different degrees of hardness... When working on roofing, sealing roofing, processing joints of metal, wood, concrete, PVC surfaces with building structures, a substance with a hardness level of PU 15 is used. Reinforced concrete, concrete, glass and metal surfaces are treated with a sealant of hardness PU 40. For metal structures the material used is PU 50.

The polyurethane sealant is resistant to mechanical stress, moisture, chemical compounds (acids, gasoline, oils), does not corrode, sets and dries very quickly, and easily stains.

It is used to connect shingles, metal structures, details of a wooden roof.

Work with this material can be carried out even in winter, but it is better to refrain from using it in sunny weather: the substance deteriorates from the sun.

Advantages and disadvantages of different sealants

Each type of sealant has its own characteristics. For the right choice you need to know their pros and cons.

Silicone based sealants

Benefits:

• resistant to precipitation, ultraviolet radiation;
• have high resistance to the development of mold and fungi;
• have a high level of adhesion to most building materials;
• a wide range of colors is available.

disadvantages:

• cannot be used on a damp surface;
• cannot be used when working with plastic (polycarbonate, polypropylene, fluoroplastic, polyethylene);
• incompatible with simple dyes.

Bituminous sealants

Benefits:

• have a high level of resistance to low temperatures;
• can be used when working with any materials;
• used on both dry and damp surfaces;
• affordable.

Disadvantages:

• unstable to high temperatures;
• available in only one color - black.

Acrylic sealants

Benefits:

• have supereadhesion to porous surfaces;
• do not contain solvents;
• are odorless;
• presented in the widest range of colors;
• have a moisture-resistant variety that can be used to carry out roof sealing work;
• can be painted or varnished after hardening.

Disadvantages:

• before starting work, the surface to be treated must be perfectly dry;
• in the cold season at subzero temperatures, some difficulties may arise.

Polyurethane sealants

Benefits:

• have excellent adhesion to any building materials;
• resistant to corrosion;
• do not deteriorate under the influence of ultraviolet radiation;
• not subject to destruction under the influence of acids, alkalis, salts;
• set quickly;
• do not flow down the surface;
• maintain volume;
• easy to paint.

Disadvantages:

• the content of harmful substances (not very significant, since the sealant is used for outdoor work);
• high price (due to the quality of the material, it is quite justified and quickly pays off).

Features of working with sealant

Works on sealing joints, abutments, deformed seams using different types of sealants should be carried out according to certain rules.

• First you need to prepare the surfaces.

To do this, they must be cleaned of dust, dirt, mortar residues or an old sealant layer.

When carrying out work in winter time the surface is cleared of snow, ice and frost. This can be done using electric brush and by hand... To obtain an even seam, you can stick a special tape on the outer edges of the surface, which is removed after completion of the work.

If a very high-quality adhesion (adhesion) of the sealant to the joint surface is required, it is necessary to prime the inner edges of the joint with a primer. During surface preparation, surface cleanliness can be considered satisfactory if the applied test portion of the sealant adheres to the treated surface. It should not roll up under the putty knife.

• Very often, when carrying out work on sealing the roof, it becomes necessary to create an elastic base on which the mastic will be applied.

• The sealant should be applied to the mouths of the joints of the surfaces to be sealed, while sealing anti-adhesive gaskets are used. They provide additional thermal insulation and reduce the amount of material used in the seam.

With significant seam depths, such spacers act as depth stops and allow you to create seams of the required depth and width, which allows you to use much less material. In most cases, polyethylene foam and polyurethane foam bundles are used as gaskets.

The gasket installed at the mouth of the joints is certainly compressed by 20-30% of the initial diameter. For this reason, it is recommended to buy gaskets of different diameters, taking into account the likely spread of the joint gap widths during the installation of prefabricated parts.

• The gaskets are placed in a continuous line, without gaps (breaks).

In order not to damage the surface of the gasket, it must be wound up without effort using a round wooden spatula.

The connection of the gaskets is made along the length of the mustache. To do this, use an adhesive cloth or polyethylene insulating tape, while the junction should be at least 30 cm from the intersection of the vertical and horizontal joints. The wellhead must be thoroughly cleaned before installing the gaskets.

Working with a sealant has its own characteristics in terms of the correct preparation of the material itself.

One-component sealants are manufactured ready-to-use.

As for two-component mastics, their ingredients - the bulk and the hardener - must be mixed, while strictly observing the ratio of weight proportions and the sequence indicated in the instructions.

Before starting the preparation of the substance, you must make sure that the delivery kit is in accordance with the instructions. Both components are connected - they are packaged in the required ratio and are already ready for mixing. The container of the main component serves as the mixing vessel.

The quality characteristics of the sealant, which will manifest themselves during operation, depend on the quality of the ingredients.

Mixing of components can be done using a special electric tool. When doing this, make sure that the hardener does not splash.

When using a drill, choose a model with an adjustable speed of rotation and a spiral stirrer. Its power should be 0.6-0.8 kW. Standard packaging is mixed in about 15 minutes.

The finished mass must have a uniform structure and uniform color, it must not contain visible inclusions. To achieve a similar state of matter, stirring is carried out in the direction from the center and edges, then back, then from bottom to top and vice versa.

It is necessary to remember about the increase in the viscosity of the sealant under the influence of low temperatures, therefore it is better to store and mix the components in a heated room.

The sealant must not be diluted with a solvent, since this can lead to the so-called rejection inhibitors, which lead to a violation of the composition and change the properties of the finished mastic. In particular, the sealant can lose its thixotropy, leading to cracking during operation.

Another feature of working with sealing materials is that they cannot be used on ice-covered, frosty surfaces, on insufficiently hardened and dried concrete, as well as at temperatures below minus 25 degrees.

The most stringent requirements apply to outdoor work: sealing the roof covering, its elements, joints, external walls, since the operating conditions in these cases are the most difficult. Sealing of joints is carried out either during installation, or after its completion.

Very often, sealing is required during repair and restoration work. Depending on the depth of the seam, two technologies are used for sealing: surface and casting.

The use of surface technology is advisable when the depth of the expansion joint is not more than 0.5 cm. In other cases, the filling technology is used: with it, sealing is performed using anti-adhesive gaskets.

The mastic prepared in advance is applied to the surfaces to be joined using a syringe gun or a spatula: they are best used when working with deep and narrow seams.

Even in the thinnest areas, the sealant layer must be at least 4 mm thick. The substance is evenly applied at the mouths of all joints. It is necessary to ensure that there are no breaks, influxes, voids.

The surface of the already applied sealant must be leveled with special tool, made taking into account the specific shape of the outer surface of the seam and its width. You can also use a regular spatula. To prevent the sealant from sticking to the tool, it should be pre-moistened with soapy water.

Each type of sealant has its own characteristics, which must also be taken into account when carrying out work. So, silicone sealant cures in 30 minutes... The rate of its complete polymerization is determined by the seam thickness. You can work with this material in a fairly wide temperature range - from plus 50 to minus 20 degrees.

Acrylic sealant will fully cure in 21 days. It takes 20 minutes to set. The adhesion should be checked within one hour.

Polyurethane sealant cures in 14 days. It sets in 1.5 hours. If the seam is damaged, it can be reprocessed. During work, gloves and a respirator must be worn.

The application of the bitumen sealant should be carried out in thin layers and certainly at positive temperatures. A well-performed roof sealing will increase the time interval between major repairs.

Prices

The cost of the sealant depends on the specific type, technical characteristics, manufacturer. Below are approximate prices for 300 ml packs of material:

• rubber roofing sealant - from 135 to 200 rubles;
• bituminous sealant (for metal roofs) - 196 rubles;
• polyurethane joint sealant - from 154 to 250 rubles;
• silicone sealant - from 160 to 225 rubles.

FINDINGS

• Sealant is a special substance to ensure the tightness of the roofing, joints, joints.
• The main qualities of the material are strength, reliability, moisture and air tightness.
• There are 4 main types of sealants: silicone, bituminous, acrylic, polyurethane.
• Each type of sealant has its own pros and cons.
• To obtain a good result, sealing must be carried out in accordance with all the rules.
• The prices for sealants depend on the specific type of substance, technical characteristics, manufacturer.

In the video tutorial on how to carefully fill the joints with sealant.

The roof can be made from a variety of materials, but sealing is required. This applies to roofs with a slight slope. It is also important to seal all joints. This will extend the durability of the roof. The use of various mixtures should be regulated by their characteristics and characteristics. Different types of sealant are used for different roofing materials. Now let's see what sealants are?

Roof sealants are used to treat the roof. This allows you to eliminate all the shortcomings and fill difficult areas. The selection of sealant should be carried out according to several characteristics, including the temperature regime and the ability to deal with negative external factors (humidity, water, direct sunlight). Each material has its own area of \u200b\u200bapplication, so the choice must be justified by the requirements of the construction work.

Silicone or rubber

Silicone (rubber) sealant is a versatile product for construction work on the roof.

This is possible thanks to its advantages:

• has a high level of adhesion to most materials;
• elastic;
• water resistance, heat resistance, including in direct sunlight and heating the roof to a high temperature;
• does not respond to ultraviolet light;
• hardens quickly;
• easily copes with temperature changes.

Silicone has disadvantages:

• painting with ordinary dye is impossible;
• can not be applied to a wet type surface;
• not fully combined with polymeric materials.

The last point refers to vertical use as well as applications with a large tilt angle.

The versatility is evident in the scope of application. Silicone can be used in any environment and in any construction process. Sealing is very fast. For complete hardening, 30 minutes is enough. For this reason, silicone sealants are used very often.

One more important feature is that it can be applied without mixing with other substances before use, that is, in a tube or bucket, the sealant is already ready for use. After application, wait for hardening and apply the next joint. Elasticity allows the sealant not to crack and stretch, so there are no problems with it in the construction process.

There are two types of composition that differ in their characteristics:

• the acetic or acetate type of sealant has a pungent odor, which disappears after a short period after drying. This type is more durable and has improved performance. The only drawback is the increased toxicity;
• the neutral type is used in residential premises, since the toxicity is much lower and there is no smell. For low blood sealing requirements, a neutral type mixture can be used. Even if it is less durable.

Before using silicone sealant, the surface must be dried after cleaning. In the opposite case, the sealant cannot receive required level adhesion to the material.

The use of a silicone compound significantly reduces construction work time, and also provides a good level of sealing even in hard-to-reach places on the roof.

Bituminous

Bituminous sealant should only be used for outdoor construction work due to the increased toxicity level. Treatment with such a composition of the roof allows you to obtain the required level of sealing. Bitumen can be derived from oil and shale.

Also it can be added polymer materials... The basis of application of bituminous sealant is steel and metal, that is, processing with this sealant is mainly used for metal surfaces. At the same time, other materials also have good adhesion to such a composition.

Among the advantages are:

• affordable price;
• compatibility with various materials;
• not afraid of a damp surface and is waterproof;
• the service life of the sealant is almost 20 years;
• metal surfaces do not corrode;
• resistant to mold and deformation.

Bitumen also has significant disadvantages:

• can not be used in enclosed spaces;
• low level of heat resistance and flammability;
• poorly grips material on a porous surface.

The main application is the insulation of the roof at the seams and joints, as well as the sealing of the external seams of the house.

Unlike silicone sealant, it has features in the construction process:

• when cleaning the surface, porous places are pre-treated with a primer and dried;
• obligatory work with gloves;
• for small volumes, a gun or cartridge is used, and for large volumes, a trowel.

When working with bitumen, it is required to lay a second layer or start further work only after the first layer has completely dried.

It is important that the treatment surface does not need to be dried in the rain. Bitumen has a good level of adhesion even at high moisture concentrations.

Acrylic

The acrylic type of sealant is water-based, therefore it is considered the most environmentally friendly option. For construction work with the roof, special types of sealants are used, including waterproof, frost-resistant. Acrylic material is resistant to any weather conditions.

For resistance to temperature changes, a silicone-based acrylic sealant is used, but this type has a very short service life - about 3 years.

For roofing materials, it is possible to exclude the use of acrylic for corrugated board and metal surfaces. The main place of application of acrylic compound is internal seams. Pros:

• environmental friendliness;
• light staining;
• resistance to sunlight, in particular to ultraviolet light;
• water resistance;
• fast hardening process.

Acrylic also has disadvantages that should be considered:

• temperature conditions below -15 ° destroy the sealing;
• painting is required, as it allows you to extend the service life;
• the surface of the application site is carefully processed.

The color of the acrylic compound can be of two types: white and transparent.

All additives to acrylic sealant change its properties, so when buying, you should make sure that the composition is really suitable for the required work.

The main application is the joint and seam located between two canvases. Also, the greatest efficiency is manifested with a potential high physical activity when working with concrete or brick.

Polyurethane

The polyurethane type of sealant is very common. Foam of the assembly type is standard. This type of sealant has good waterproofing properties and high adhesion (adhesion) to various materials. The standard type of sealant is used only in areas protected from the sun.

Modified versions of the sealant with the addition of a number of substances can be used in direct sunlight, as well as ultraviolet radiation.

In most cases, polyurethane sealant is used on the metal surface of the roof.

For the roof, a liquid composition is mainly used, which can be applied in any way, including a simple brush or roller. The liquid composition has a minimum service life of 15 years and good waterproofing.

Among the advantages are:

• high strength and elasticity;
• a low degree of susceptibility to various atmospheric influences;
• the ability to use with any roofing material;
• good water resistance and immunity to low temperature conditions;
• the material is durable, although it has a quick hardening.

Cons of using:

• a sealant of this type has a high cost in relation to other options;
• ultraviolet light has a detrimental effect on standard polyurethane-type sealants;
• high temperatures make the seal unstable and destroy it.

Application is due to the level of hardness:

• 15 units are used for joints in metal, concrete, wood and plastic. The basis of application is interior decoration;
• 25 - used for moisture resistance of areas;
• 40 - glass and reinforced concrete structures. Sealing seams for these materials;
• 50 - construction with metal-based materials;
• 60 - automobile and shipbuilding.

Also, the sealant differs in surface moisture:

• polyurethane sealants intended for dry surfaces are one-component, that is, they do not need to be mixed before use;
• for high humidity levels, a two-component is used, mixed before application. Before using this type of sealant, it is necessary to mix the polyesters and the hardener.

The two-component composition is a higher quality product that has improved characteristics, but it also costs more than the standard form.

Polyurethane sealant is used in various construction works, but for the roof, special compounds are used that are resistant to external influences.

Tape sealant

For corrugated board, tape-type sealant based on butyl rubber is often used. Its use is very common, especially with double-sided application, since the tape can be double-sided. The tape has high strength and reliability, and also has increased resistance to all external influences. Including chemical and temperature types.

The sealant can be in the form of a cord or tape. It all depends on the required width of the joint sealing, since it is very easy to choose the size.

Distribution is facilitated by the possibility of using various materials... You can also find a liquid version of the tape that is applied with a spatula.

Pros of using:

• very easy to use;
• water resistant and resistant to sunlight;
• quickly hardens and forms a strong bond.

Among the minuses, one can single out the destruction of the seal at temperatures above + 90 °, therefore, it is better not to use a sealant on metal surfaces on the roof. The process of applying a liquid type of sealant also stands out for its complexity, since before use, the surface on which the tape sealant will be applied should be completely cleaned.

For metal roofing

Metal roofing requires the use of synthetic or polyurethane sealants as these are the most suitable for the requirements.

Requirements:

• adhesion to a metal surface;
• vibration resistance;
• immunity to weather conditions, including rain;
• resistance to ultraviolet radiation and direct sunlight.

Before processing, it is required to completely degrease and dry the surface. Particular attention is paid to joints located at an inclination greater than 14 degrees.

All sealants used in the processing of metal surfaces must have a high level of elasticity and waterproofing.

For roofing from corrugated board

When sealing corrugated board, several features of this process should be remembered. Decking is processed in a specific order:

• the joints are checked. They must be clean and dry;
• the sealant is applied in a layer of 3 millimeters. Uniformity is important;
• the construction process requires a positive temperature regime and the absence of high air humidity.

Butyl rubber or polyurethane tape is usually used for corrugated board.

For soft roofs

For a soft type of roof, mastic is used, since large-scale sealing is required. Mastic can be bitumen or emulsion, as well as liquid rubber composition.

The use of different types of mastic depends on the characteristics of the slope and the requirements:

• the elimination of seams is carried out with sealing roofing tapes;
• with a flat roof or a small angle of inclination, bitumen is used;
• local repairs are in progress liquid rubber or a waterproof compound.

When applying the mastic, it is not necessary to dry the surface, since this type of sealant has good tenacity for any accompanying factor.

For metal roofing

For metal tiles, silicone sealant is used. This is due to the fact that silicone is not susceptible to sunlight and ultraviolet light. Also, silicone easily penetrates into crevices with a size of less than 5 millimeters. When sealing, it is required to carefully process all roofing devices, including joints with the chimney pipe and all seams of the roofing carpet.

For metal tiles, it is required to select sealants with good heat resistance. Good adhesion to the material is also important.

Two-component sealants

For roofing, two types of two-component polyurethane and silicone sealants are used. This type of sealant has increased strength and performance. The cost is also higher than standard types of sealant. The mixing of the two components - the base and the catalyst - takes place just before the construction process, as the reaction is very fast, which allows the material to harden very quickly.

Incorrect mixing of components leads to a decrease in quality.

The two-component sealant has improved performance over other materials, including increased strength and durability.

A conventional formulation can last up to 15 years if the concentrations have not been violated when mixing the catalyst and the silicone or polyurethane base.

What mistakes are most often made and how to avoid them

When applying, it is worth using one type of sealing substance, since the mixture can worsen general characteristics... It is also worth remembering that the roof is treated with substances that are more durable than those used indoors.

Each type of material processed requires individual approach, as well as each field of application of sealing substances is strictly limited.

During the construction process, it is worth choosing the composition that will allow the roof to remain intact for a long time. The use of cheaper materials will only aggravate the situation, so after a short period of time the construction process will have to be repeated. At the same time, part of the roof may already be damaged by secondary factors, including mold or rust.

Output

Each type of roofing has its own sealant. At the same time, each sealant, even of one type, has its own special characteristics that are associated with the composition. When using a properly selected building material, the roof will receive the required qualities and acquire durability.

The roof is one of the most important structural elements of the whole house, since the life of the roof, the convenience and comfort of the residents will depend on the quality of its implementation. Therefore, in works related to the roof, only the most durable building materials are used and all requirements are observed.

Roof repair does not always involve replacing the material from which it is made. Quite often, it is required to properly and efficiently repair cracks and cracks due to which moisture enters the house. For this, as a rule, use bituminous sealants... As the main component of this material, bitumen is used, which does not dissolve in water and exhibits a high level of strength to a variety of external negative factors. For this reason, it is bituminous sealants that are most often used on damp surfaces.

Life time seam of bituminous sealant is on average from 15 to 20 years old... Among the main advantages of this material are such as excellent adhesion (adhesion) with the most different surfaces and building materials, elasticity, high level of resistance to moisture, weather conditions, effective protection surfaces from rust, which can quickly destroy the roof.

The use of bituminous (roofing) sealants is relevant not only for the roof. The material is well suited for compaction work, sealing, filling cracks in foundations, plinths, drainage system and other designs. But in order to bituminous sealant really showed all his positive properties and provided an excellent result, you must remember about some rules of work.

The surface must be thoroughly cleaned and degreased with a solvent before applying the sealant. It is advisable to apply sealant on cracks and crevices only at positive temperatures, in the range from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius. As a rule, the sealant is applied in several thin layers, which provides faster and better drying.

In order for the bium sealant to reliably and firmly lay on the base of the roof, its layer should be a maximum of 0.5 to 1 millimeter. In this case, the average consumption of mastic for square meter the average should be from 0.8 to 1.8 kilograms. Setting time of bitumen sealant is less than half an hour, for complete drying, as a rule, it takes 2 to 4 hours. Although, there are materials that dry completely after at least two weeks. If the bituminous sealant is used on a porous base (cement, cement-sand), then the roof surface must be primed using a bituminous primer, then wait until it dries completely and only after that proceed with the main sealing work.

Thanks to the use of bituminous mastic, it is possible to obtain a reliable monolithic roof, even a minimal risk of leakage is excluded. This makes it possible to significantly increase the physical and mechanical properties of the roof, the duration of operation without the need for overhaul, reliability and other important properties.

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