Mold, fungus, traces of grease, rust and efflorescence must be removed from the wall surface with special solutions and compounds.

Water-repellent impregnation can be applied with a roller or brush. Applying with a brush is preferable, as you can control the amount of product and work out the corners and texture of the material (especially when it comes to decorative facing stone). It is recommended to use brushes with artificial bristles of medium length. The brush will allow you to apply the impregnation evenly.

This leads to the creation of internal microcracks, and in the future - the destruction of the cladding and the formation of cracks on the outside of the building, and hence to the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties.
Wet wall in the house.
None of the natural materials is able to resist this, therefore, various water repellents are used to impart moisture-proof properties to materials. Such processing should be subjected to concrete, brick and any natural stone, as they are able to absorb up to 85% of water from their surface.
Content step by step instructions:

Modern manufacturers of building materials offer both narrowly focused solutions and multifunctional ones.
The first (narrowly targeted) include impregnations, the main task of which is reliable protection wood from exposure to excessive moisture and maintaining its integrity. Such impregnations can be used as an independent agent, or they can be added to the composition of special bioprimers before applying paints and varnishes. Bioprimers are applied to pre-prepared and dried wood and kept until completely dry, and only after that you can start painting or using varnish.
The group of multifunctional products includes impregnations and water-repellent solutions with various additional effects. Using these tools saves a lot of time and money.

Also read on our website an article about do-it-yourself selective coating.

As a rule, the products of this manufacturer are multifunctional, which significantly saves time during repair and construction. In addition to moisture-proof properties, these impregnations protect against solar exposure, preventing fading and cracking. Another well-known and no less reliable brand is Aqualazur. The range of impregnations in this series meets the highest requirements and is extremely wide. The manufacturer offers tools for both indoor and outdoor use. Impregnations do not contain toxic substances, dry quickly and are water-based. Means of the Neomid series have good moisture-proof properties.

The best known and most commonly used tools include:
"Kontraquin" or GKZh-11 (Hydrophobizing organosilicon liquid). A feature of the product is the fact that the impregnation is sold in the form of a powder, which must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:5. If necessary, the addition of colored pigments is allowed; "Monolith Hydro" (also diluted with water 1:5 and is allowed as an additive when mixing cement and concrete mixes);
"Monolith 20M" (forms a thin protective gel layer on the treated surface, partially penetrating into the pores of the material, slightly increasing the strength of the structure itself);
"Granit-28" (impregnation is used not only for water repellency of walls, but also for floors, studies have shown that when it is used, the strength characteristics of materials increase);
"AquaTop" (the principle of impregnation is that, when applied, it gets into the pores of the material and displaces the existing water from there, and then evaporates from the surface, leaving behind a protective layer);
Treatment of wood with water-repellent impregnations.
Undoubtedly, wood belongs to the category of the most commonly used materials in the construction of structures and its interior decoration due to ease of processing, good consumer and aesthetic properties. Regardless of the quality in which wooden elements are used - as a material for the construction of a building or, among others, in finishing works, pre-treatment with special hydrophobic compounds is necessary condition for successful and long-term operation in the future, since moisture negatively affects the tree, significantly reducing its service life.
Exposed to moisture, the elements become more susceptible to mold, fungi and insects, which will ultimately affect the condition of the entire structure as a whole.

When choosing a protective impregnation for wood, first of all, preference should be given to solutions with moisture-repellent properties.
Hydrophobic impregnations.
The range of impregnations used for protection wooden structures, quite wide.

Find out about the Hydrophobic coating with your own hands - what you need to know when choosing an impregnation! Photo + Video, instructions.
DIY hydrophobic coating

Water is the source of life force, but excessive moisture can be extremely destructive, especially when it comes to building materials and structures.

Hydrophobic impregnations with tinting properties. The composition of such funds includes special color pigments. Their use allows you to process wood in a short time and give it a more pleasant appearance, focusing on the picture and hiding irregularities. In addition to acquiring moisture-resistant properties, the color of the wood becomes deeper and more saturated. Most often, such impregnations are used in the processing interior spaces.

Therefore, very often, when erecting structures, it is required to additionally impart moisture-proof properties to the structure in order to increase strength and durability and reduce possible monetary costs for repairs and the elimination of other problems.
Hydrophobic coating with your own hands.
Concrete and brick are the main building materials. Possessing a porous structure, they are able to swell due to the absorption of water by the capillaries and pores of the material, which is explained by the high water absorption (85-87%). Moisture is able to rise up from the source of its occurrence to a height of up to two meters along a concrete or brick base.

Penetrating inside, water violates the salt composition of the material. And with constant moistening of the structure and its drying, white efflorescence forms on the walls, which significantly affects the strength and spoils the appearance.
Concrete and brick are the main building materials.
In addition, at low temperatures, the water inside the pores of materials can increase in volume up to 8-9%, thereby creating additional pressure inside the walls of the structure.

Water repellent consumption for concrete and brick walls is 250-500 ml per 1 sq.m. It is necessary to update the moisture-proof impregnation every 8-10 years.
Methods for applying hydrophobic impregnation.
Before using a water repellent, the surface should be thoroughly dried (rare formulations are applied to a damp surface) and cleaned.

The composition, penetrating a few millimeters deep into the material, evaporates from its surface and does not change the appearance of the wall, leaving a protective layer. Treating the walls of structures with such impregnations increases the ability to retain heat and durability, and provides protection from the negative effects of the environment. At the same time, water absorption is reduced by 12-19 times, which significantly reduces the likelihood of the development of fungi and mold.
Water repellent Monolith Hydro.
It is important to pay attention to the fact that water repellents do not tighten cracks, therefore, in rare cases, treatment with moisture-repellent impregnations is impractical.

It would be useful to mention already well-established products in this area.
Impregnation for wood.
The most popular among hydrophobic agents today are impregnations of the Belinka brand. Their high quality and reliability they have thanks to a carefully designed composition.

Water is the source of life force, but excessive moisture can be extremely destructive, especially when it comes to building materials and structures. Therefore, very often, when erecting structures, it is required to additionally impart moisture-proof properties to the structure in order to increase strength and durability and reduce possible monetary costs for repairs and the elimination of other problems.

Concrete and brick are the main building materials. Possessing a porous structure, they are able to swell due to the absorption of water by the capillaries and pores of the material, which is explained by the high water absorption (85-87%). Moisture is able to rise up from the source of its occurrence to a height of up to two meters along a concrete or brick base. Penetrating inside, water violates the salt composition of the material. And with constant moistening of the structure and its drying, white efflorescence forms on the walls, which significantly affects the strength and spoils the appearance.

In addition, at low temperatures, the water inside the pores of materials can increase in volume up to 8-9%, thereby creating additional pressure inside the walls of the structure. This leads to the creation of internal microcracks, and in the future - the destruction of the cladding and the formation of cracks on the outside of the building, and hence to the deterioration of the thermal insulation properties.

None of the natural materials is able to resist this, therefore, various water repellents are used to impart moisture-proof properties to materials. Concrete, brick and any natural stone should be subjected to such treatment, as they are able to absorb up to 85% of water from their surface.

There are two types of water repellent compounds:

powders that are added to concrete and brick at the stage of their manufacture;
liquid impregnations, which process the surfaces of already erected buildings.

The hydrophobic coating is a complex organosilicon polymer compound, less often organic resins or metal alkyl siliconates and does not form a film on the wall surface.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that water repellents do not tighten cracks, therefore, in rare cases, treatment with moisture-repellent impregnations is impractical.

The water repellent consumption on concrete and brick walls is 250-500 ml per 1 sq.m. It is necessary to update the moisture-proof impregnation every 8-10 years.

Before using a water repellent, the surface should be thoroughly dried (rare formulations are applied to a damp surface) and cleaned. Mold, fungus, traces of grease, rust and efflorescence must be removed from the wall surface with special solutions and compounds.

The most famous water repellents

Water repellents are classified into means of surface action or volumetric. With surface hydrophobization, the walls are treated with a brush, roller or spray gun. Volumetric is performed by pouring the solution in advance drilled holes over the entire area of the treated surface. The second treatment method is preferable, and the effect is protected until the demolition of the building, while with the first treatment method it lasts only 15-25 years.

The best known and most commonly used tools include:

Treatment of wood with water-repellent impregnations

Undoubtedly, wood belongs to the category of the most commonly used materials in the construction of structures and its interior decoration due to its ease of processing, good consumer and aesthetic properties. Regardless of the quality in which wooden elements are used - as a material for the construction of a building or, among others, for finishing work, pre-treatment with special hydrophobic compounds is a prerequisite for successful and long-term operation in the future, since moisture adversely affects the tree, significantly reducing its service life.

Exposed to moisture, the elements become more susceptible to mold, fungi and insects, which will ultimately affect the condition of the entire structure as a whole. When choosing a protective impregnation for wood, first of all, preference should be given to solutions with moisture-repellent properties.

Hydrophobic impregnations

The range of impregnations used to protect wooden structures is quite wide. Modern manufacturers of building materials offer both narrowly targeted solutions, as well as multifunctional.

The first (narrowly targeted) include impregnations, the main task of which is to reliably protect wood from exposure to excessive moisture and maintain its integrity. Such impregnations can be used as an independent agent, or they can be added to the composition of special bioprimers before applying paints and varnishes. Bioprimers are applied to pre-prepared and dried wood and kept until completely dry, and only after that you can start painting or using varnish.

The group of multifunctional products includes impregnations and water-repellent solutions with various additional effects. Using these tools saves a lot of time and money.

Treated wood is more resistant to moisture, dirt and dust. What is especially important for rooms with high humidity - baths and saunas.

Assortment of impregnations for wood

Since the market for building and auxiliary materials is constantly evolving, introducing new brands to the consumer. It would be useful to mention already well-established products in this area.

The most popular among hydrophobic agents today are impregnations of the Belinka brand. Their high quality and reliability they have thanks to a carefully designed composition. As a rule, the products of this manufacturer are multifunctional, which significantly saves time during repair and construction. In addition to moisture-proof properties, these impregnations protect against solar exposure, preventing fading and cracking.
Another well-known and no less reliable brand is Aqualazur. The range of impregnations in this series meets the highest requirements and is extremely wide. The manufacturer offers tools for both indoor and outdoor use. Impregnations do not contain toxic substances, dry quickly and are water-based.
Means of the Neomid series have good moisture-proof properties. Impregnations of this manufacturer create a durable waterproof layer on the surface of the wood and keep the wood from swelling. The most popular product of this brand is "Neomid Bio Color".

When choosing one or another impregnation, I should be guided by certain principles:

the appointment of hydrophobic impregnation;
additional requirements for impregnation (protection against mold, fungus, UV rays, etc.);
whether the impregnation should perform tinting properties.

This, as well as the area of work carried out, will significantly affect the price, which in any case will be lower than the elimination of possible damage. The approximate consumption of hydrophobic impregnations is 200-450 ml per 1 sq.m, depending on the "texture" of the tree.

Also read on our website an article about do-it-yourself selective coating.

Video - Water repellent NEOGARD. DIY hydrophobic coating

hydrophobic coating. What is it and how to do it yourself? Hydrophobic composition

hydrophobic coating. What is it and how to do it yourself? - magazine "Rootvet"

By applying a hydrophobic coating to any thing, you can be sure that moisture will be completely blocked. Such a tool is applied not only to expensive gadgets - phones and tablets, shoes, but also to building materials. Moreover, the hydrophobic material helps not only protect against water, but also helps the metal become more resistant to corrosion. Motorists have long noticed this technology. It perfectly protects the car body, and besides, it helps to keep the windows in perfect cleanliness, which is important for drivers.

hydrophobic coating. What it is?

Currently, discussion of hydrophobic coating occurs in almost every forum. What is this miracle so much praised by all? Yes, everything is very simple as it turned out. A water repellent is a liquid, after application of which, the surface repels moisture, thus creating a certain protective layer on almost any object. Everyone can use this substance, as it is sold either in the form of a liquid or in the form of a spray. Most often, a water repellent is applied:

on mobile phones, tablets - to protect against fingerprints, when talking during rain or snow on the street;
on building objects - brick, concrete, gypsum or stone - any even slightly porous surface allows water to pass through. Getting into the material, water penetrates into all the cracks, thereby provoking swelling. And if in autumn the bricks or concrete get very wet, then in winter all this moisture will freeze and begin to expand, making it unusable construction material. Often this leads to serious financial expenses, as it is necessary to make repairs to the building;
on the glass and car body - this unique tool helps motorists not only keep their cars clean, but also helps to save the body from rapid metal corrosion;
on stained-glass windows, windows or storefronts;
on ceramic tiles;
on plumbing;
on the facades of houses.

Most importantly, remember! When buying anti-rain, carefully read what surfaces it is suitable for.

hydrophobic coating. With your own hands: how to make a unique thing?

Of course, you can buy such a unique thing as a hydrophobic coating, or you can try to make it yourself. It is excellent for showcases, car glass, windows, etc. The only thing to remember is that a homemade product will not protect surfaces for too long, and you will have to repeat the process after a while. The composition of home anti-rain is very simple: 20 parts of white spirit are taken for one part of paraffin. The paraffin should be crushed as little as possible, filled with white spirit and mixed carefully and for a long time until the paraffin is completely dissolved. That's all. Nano technological tool is ready.

This video provides a visual demonstration of the main function of any hydrophobic coating.

Nanomaterial or hydrophobic coating

Each type of non-contact layer with water is designed for a specific surface. For example, it is now actively practiced to add this nanomaterial to cement mortar, which significantly increases wear resistance, strength and improves its quality.

This material has a lot of advantages when applied to various surfaces:

the surface treated with a water repellent will remain dry under both direct and oblique rain;
paving slabs, concrete, plaster, wood - all this needs nanoprotection to maintain and increase its service life;
items treated or having a hydrophobic "miracle" in their composition are much stronger;
air access is not blocked, which makes it possible to make these structures retain heat well;
it is possible to apply nano material even in the absence of experience.

The only drawback is that after applying to walls, concrete, facade or tiles, allow a day to dry. And only then to conduct tests.

Application of hydrophobic coating on different surfaces

The use of such a water-repellent layer especially pleased the owners of the cars. After all, the review of the road should be made both in front and behind, and on the sides. But how can you see the road well if the windows are just black with dirt, especially in the autumn-winter period. The advantages of applying such a protective layer on any glass:

ease of application - only a tool and only a napkin;
protection against acid rain and various salts;
has protection of several types - from water, dirt and oils;
protects glass from freezing;
clean side mirrors;
comfortable viewing at night.

This tool is applied only at positive temperatures, preferably indoors or, if outdoors, in the complete absence of wind. You will also need napkins: the first for applying the product, the second for polishing the glass. First you need to thoroughly wash the glass. Then wipe it with alcohol or an alcohol-based surface degreaser. Apply a layer of the product with a simple napkin, wait 5-10 minutes until a matte film appears (so that the white spirit evaporates completely). Next, take a paper towel and rub the glass until the wax disappears completely. And for polishing and adding shine, use a microfiber cloth.

It can be concluded that by applying a layer that is contactless with water, you, among other things, help protect the glass from harmful factors. For example, using such a tool, it will be necessary to use wiper blades much less frequently. And this means that the glass will not be subjected to mechanical stress and will retain its original appearance for a long time. Remember that the second time these wipes are not recommended.

You can use a water repellent not only for the construction or protection of glass and surfaces. It is also great for waterproofing clothes and shoes. For example, having processed boots, rainy days will be nothing to you. Any liquid that gets on the shoes will be immediately repelled.

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This video shows how the hydrophobic coating repels liquid. Do not forget to leave your wishes, questions and comments to the article.

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High humidity is the main enemy of most surfaces or structures. Mankind has been constantly waging an invisible struggle with it throughout the entire time of its existence. And it has long been proven that a hydrophobic coating copes best with it. Today there are plenty of them, and they honestly prove their right to use.

What is a hydrophobic coating

A hydrophobic coating is the effect of moisture not wetting the surface on which it is applied: brick, concrete, glass, stone, gypsum, and so on. Moreover, thanks to it, the treated surface is more resistant to corrosive processes or low temperatures. What is important for reinforced concrete or concrete structural elements.

Hydrophobic coating is a modern substance for treating any surface. The main goal and task is to protect it, first of all, from the destructive effects of moisture. Available in spray or liquid form. Therefore, it is not required to have special skills or involve a specialist to use it. Do-it-yourself hydrophobic coating can be applied to any surface, strictly following the instructions for use.

Scope of application of water repellents

A hydrophobic coating is used to process finished products in factories with open warehouses, to reduce its water absorption, increase heat resistance or frost resistance. And also before transporting it from these warehouses. For anti-corrosion treatment of car body or other parts made of metal. Also in order to preserve the paintwork of the car. To strengthen and protect concrete, stone and other structural elements from the effects of weather changes and temperature changes on their surfaces, as well as high humidity.

How does a hydrophobic agent work?

Each hydrophobic coating has an active filler, which, interacting with the surface, forms a special very thin layer - a film. It is she who prevents the penetration of moisture through herself, creating a kind of anti-corrosion barrier. This coating can process fabric elements, metal, glass, even under very adverse weather conditions, extending their service life. The line of new and modern hydrophobic substances includes:

wax compositions;
Teflon coatings;
silicon based organics;
corrosion with silicone inhibitors;

Having a unique structure and composition, the hydrophobic coating is able to penetrate deep into the pores of the surface, while creating a thin invisible layer by crystallization.

Types of hydrophobic material

All products of the line of water-repellent coatings are divided into four main types:

varnishes;
impregnation;
special paints;
stains.

Lacquers are used for processing and protection wooden surfaces from damage, rotting and other destructive actions, they are produced in an unpainted form, that is, completely without color. Lies on the surface easily, the service life is quite long. Painted surfaces become attractive and shiny. The processing process takes place in two stages: surface preparation and the process of applying the material itself.

Impregnation. They are used in the construction of paths on terraces or the erection of building walls. The material is applied both during the laying and upon its completion. The use of impregnations is especially effective for porous surfaces, where, as a rule, water enters, which subsequently leads to a deterioration in both the appearance of the surface and its inherent characteristics.

Wood stains. The basis of this product is drying oil, which has a particularly good effect on the quality of wooden surfaces and is perfectly absorbed by the latter. Apply by roller, brush or spray.

Special colors. Are applied to all types of wall surfaces. The product is easily applied to the material, odorless, moisture resistant and hygienic, vapor permeable and economical. Paint easily lays down on a damp basis. After drying, it becomes an excellent protective barrier against high humidity and its effects.

Hydrophobic agent and car

Hydrophobic coatings for the car can be purchased at almost any auto shop. The body treated with this substance will protect it from corrosion or other contaminants for many years, it perfectly protects the paintwork and prevents scratches on its surface. If you apply a hydrophobic coating with your own hands by polishing the metal parts of the main components of the car, this will extend the life of the car as a whole.

Now such funds are sold in the most different types. Modern hydrophobic coatings for automobiles are non-toxic and indifferent. And most importantly, they are able to completely protect the treated surface from damage due to high humidity. Hydrophobic coating for car windows has a unique water-repellent effect. And this is a safe ride in a downpour or heavy rain.

Waterproof concrete using additives

As you know, concrete is a material that has a high water absorption coefficient, so it is recommended to additionally and specially process it. After all, moisture that penetrates into its surface will not only lead to shedding of the base, but also to damage to its integrity. Often, a hydrophobic coating for concrete applied to its surface can completely protect it from this incident. But in some cases this is not enough, and it is necessary to change the structure of the material in order to minimize the level of porosity, making it more durable.

Advantages of water repellents

The main and undeniable advantages of these substances are:

Easier handling of materials such as concrete. In finished designs, they are almost invisible.
In the process of crystallization, a light film is formed that can pass air.
Non-toxic and do not contain substances harmful to human health, do not pollute the environment.
Processing facades of buildings with these means prolongs their service life.

Remember that in order to achieve the desired effect from water repellents, you need to correctly and skillfully take into account the nuance: each of the surfaces that will be treated with them has its own special tools. And for this it is better to use either the advice of a competent person, or entrust this matter to an experienced specialist. With the right approach and the right choice, the surfaces and structural elements treated with it will serve you for many years.

Hydrophobic compounds in wall waterproofing

Since architecture and construction of structures began to develop, one of their main elements is the roof. Reliable roof is a symbol of building protection. And we must admit that it is she who is most exposed to natural and temperature loads. Therefore, it requires additional attention and processing. If you apply a hydrophobic coating for stone in construction or in finishing certain parts with this material country house, then the appearance of the material will always have its original appearance.

For this purpose, the developers of water-repellent coatings have created special additives. They are able to influence the density of the solution and plasticity. As a result, it turns out concrete mortar, which is easy to lay and when dry it is a hard, durable, waterproof and low temperature resistant product. To achieve this effect when building with concrete, you need to use either in combination the additives below, or separately:

Comparative characteristics of water repellents

Hydrophobic agents first appeared about 40 years ago. They were based on: an organosilicon solution, which included polyhydroxyloxane, Na methyl siliconate and Na ethyl siliconate. These substances had negative qualitative properties: they were low in efficiency and flammable. To date, they have completely disappeared from production. Modern products of this line are mostly made from polyorganosiloxane and its derivatives: polymethylhydridesiloxane liquids, polymethylsiloxane resins, alkali metal alkyl siliconates or other compositions based on the latter. These products are non-toxic, non-hazardous, not harmful to the environment and the human body.

Surface and bulk hydrophobization

Surface hydrophobization is carried out by injection or by applying a substance with a brush, roller, spray. Volumetric hydrophobization is carried out by injection into specially drilled holes in the walls of a building or other surfaces. Drilling is done in a checkerboard pattern with a downward slope almost to the very end. Further, a hydrophobic material is introduced into these boreholes under a certain pressure. This method of surface treatment is considered more effective than the first.

This is due to the fact that the denser the impregnation of the surface with a substance, the stronger the hydrophobic protection is considered. Such protection does not lose its properties for 30 years during surface treatment, and if volumetric treatment is applied, then the entire service life of the structure.

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Water-repellent impregnation and liquid: features of the use of materials

Most surfaces in a living space are very susceptible to moisture. It doesn't matter if the material is natural or artificial, but the result is always very similar - gradual destruction or even corrosion of the surface layer. But using modern facilities, you can protect your home from such influences for a long time. For example, water-repellent impregnation or special hydrophobic additives developed for various materials will help to effectively protect surfaces from moisture for quite a long time. Let us consider in more detail each type of these compounds in order to use them correctly if necessary.

Porosity is an integral feature of many building materials. Their structure is such that any moisture that gets on the surface is able to quickly absorb and penetrate deep into its pores. At the same time, the thermal insulation properties are significantly reduced, the appearance of the material gradually deteriorates. As a result, water, and with it all kinds of impurities, including aggressive substances, have a detrimental effect on building structures, causing their corrosion and subsequent destruction. In order to protect materials and at the same time enhance their properties, liquid hydrophobised substances have been developed. A multifunctional water-repellent liquid can not only prevent the penetration of moisture into building materials.

With its help you can:

eliminate or minimize the occurrence of efflorescence, mold, unwanted wet spots and rust;
protect the painted surface, which will extend its service life;
increase surface resistance to low temperatures (up to 5 times).

It is especially necessary to use this tool in places with high humidity (including basements, bathrooms, pools). And also during the construction of paths, laying decorative and natural stone, masonry walls made of porous materials with low frost resistance. Surface treatment can be carried out both at the stage of construction and repair, and on ready-made structures. In this case, the air temperature should not be lower than 5 degrees.

The use of water-repellent liquids is ideal for porous surfaces

Also designed to work with concrete effective remedy to protect and strengthen porous concrete surfaces. Special water-repellent impregnation for concrete works as follows:

The polymers that make up the product are able to penetrate into the concrete to a depth of 3 mm. At the same time, the impregnation effectively fills the pores of the material and, connecting with the top layer, forms a strong connection.
The treated surface remains vapor-permeable. In addition, the reinforced top layer acquires increased resistance to chemicals, moisture, low temperatures and mechanical stress. The application of the substance helps to qualitatively dedust the surface and improve its hygienic properties.
Water-repellent impregnation is very effective: the structures covered with it are reliably protected from moisture even during heavy rainfall. Due to the fact that moisture does not penetrate into the concrete impregnated with the composition, even severe frosts are not afraid of it.

THIS IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

In order for the impregnation to be as effective as possible, it is necessary to properly prepare the surface before applying it.
The product must not be allowed to freeze.
The substance is not intended for impregnation of structures that will be under water.
It should be applied at a temperature of 10 to 32 degrees in dry weather, preferably during the day, when the moisture concentration in the air is minimal.
Each area of the treated surface should be covered evenly, without stopping.

The use of water-repellent impregnations helps protect concrete structures from the damaging effects of moisture.

For the treatment of all kinds of wooden surfaces, a water-repellent impregnation for wood is used - a powerful water repellent with a pronounced water-repellent effect. Usually it is used in bathrooms, saunas and other rooms where the humidity level is quite high. It is a colorless liquid, free of organic biocides, easy to use and very economical. To create a high-quality coating, it is enough to apply one layer of impregnation and leave for 12 hours to dry completely. After that, within seven days, the surface must be covered with protective wax.

It is important to apply the water repellent with smooth movements, completely passing the entire area with the brush (stops during application of the agent affect the quality of the coating)

There are 4 types of coatings designed to protect against moisture:

impregnation,
varnishes,
stains,
special colors.

We have already considered enough about impregnations, now let's talk about varnishes. These substances are practically unstained (or not colored at all) and help to enhance the natural beauty of the wood, while at the same time covering it with a beautiful protective layer. Varnishes are applied quite easily and retain their attractiveness for a long time. A separate type of this group of substances is a special water-repellent varnish (or drying oil). The purpose of its application: to prevent swelling of the tree, to protect against decay, shrinkage and the spread of mold. Drying oil is applied very easily - with a roller or brush. If the parts are small, they are even simply dipped in a protective compound.

detail processing;
applying funds to the finished structure.

On a water-repellent treated surface brickwork only a few drops linger on a non-wettable surface

It should be noted that drying oil is only a base coat and it has its own “shelf life”. For example, if after some time the treated tree loses color, it is necessary to apply another layer of drying oil. This process should be repeated once every 3-4 years, but if the products are constantly in a humid environment, their surface treatment should be carried out more often.

THIS IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW! Drying oil is a protective, not a decorative varnish, so you can and even need to apply paint on it. Experts recommend treating all wooden elements in the house with drying oil before painting to prevent their deformation and increase their service life. After application, it is necessary to dry the treated parts for three days.

A little about translucent stains

Another popular water-repellent coating is called stain. It is also based on drying oil and is able to penetrate wood well. It is convenient to apply it both with a sprayer and with standard methods. If the wood was recently purchased and is still quite fresh, the stain is applied in two layers. If the surface has already been once treated, it should be covered with one layer of stain in order to restore the protective functions. This should be done when the previously applied coating begins to discolor on the surface.

Features of transparent and opaque varnishes

Opaque varnishes have their own characteristics:

high pigmentation;
a high degree of opacity.

By their properties, they are more reminiscent of paints: saturated color and the thick texture practically hides the pattern of the tree and completely changes its color. And yet the color palette here is closer to natural. It is better to apply them with a brush - it is much more convenient to achieve uniformity in the shade of the coating. A newly purchased tree is covered in two layers.

Transparent varnishes, as well as their varieties, cannot be used to cover wood, which will fall directly Sun rays. This is their main difference from other similar products. To choose the right water repellent, you need to have certain knowledge. Sellers can not always give quality advice, so better choice provide the necessary coverage to a person who knows and understands this issue.

Lacquers create a hard, water-repellent, abrasion-resistant film on wood, while at the same time preserving and emphasizing the beauty of the texture, as well as the color of the material.

Special paints with water-repellent effect

Another type of powerful water repellant is water-repellent paint for exterior and / or internal works. It is used for painting all types of walls. Advantages: ease of application, no pungent odor, hygiene and water resistance, cost-effectiveness, vapor permeability.

Can be applied to wet surfaces. After drying, it creates a reliable vapor-permeable hydro-barrier. The paint is quite economical - for example, for surface treatment with an area of 14 square meters just 1 liter of paint is enough. Before applying the coloring composition, the surface should be cleaned and, if necessary, degreased. Such paint dries quickly: one hour is enough for one layer, about four for the next.

Waterproof paints are able to isolate the surface from moisture, while maintaining vapor permeability. They can be applied even on damp surfaces.

Concrete, as a material with a high degree of water absorption, needs special treatment. Moisture can lead not only to shedding of the concrete surface, but also to its complete destruction. Often, to protect structures from harmful effects, it is enough to apply a layer of a water-repellent substance. But sometimes this is not enough - it is necessary to change the structure of the material, reduce porosity and make the concrete more dense. It is for these purposes that water-repellent additives for concrete were created - substances that can affect the plasticity and density of the material. The result is a product that is easy to install and, after hardening, turns into a waterproof, very durable, dense and frost-resistant product. This can be achieved by using (in combination or separately) 3 main types of additives:

Polymer.
Plasticizing.
Colmatizing.

However, even using all three components at the same time, it is impossible to achieve absolute water tightness of the structure. This is especially true for structures that are not monolithic. The presence of seams in concrete, the gradual appearance of cracks and other defects are the main reasons why the desired tightness of the building becomes impossible.

Using special additives, it is possible to obtain a high quality and waterproof building material.

The use of water repellents provides many advantages:

they make it easier to work with materials (for example, concrete) and are practically invisible on finished structures;
do not create a heavy film, but on the contrary, allow the building to “breathe”;
they do not contain harmful substances therefore safe for the environment;
the use of water-repellent agents on the facades of buildings contributes to the extension of their service life.

When choosing water repellents, it must be borne in mind that certain means are provided for each type of surface. By entrusting their selection and application to a competent person or group of craftsmen with a good reputation, you will get confidence that the work will be done efficiently and on time. Properly processed products and structures will last for many more years, while maintaining an excellent appearance.

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Treatment with hydrophobic compounds

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Concrete, asbestos cement, brick, gypsum - these building materials are among the most in demand, their use is of the largest scale. And at the same time, all of them are substances with a porous structure. And the fact that small holes, channels and caverns are not always visible to the naked eye does not at all prevent water from penetrating inside. The main liquid on the planet, as you know, is one of the best solvents in the world - structures that are not protected from moisture are constantly exposed to serious danger.

Fortunately, over the centuries of the development of building science, mankind has learned to treat vulnerable structures with hydrophobic compounds. Mastered the production of really effective mixtures, which, in addition to the basic function, give the protected objects the following properties:

- Durability - structures are not afraid of corrosion
- Frost resistance and increased elemental resistance
- Durability, reliability, the ability to last longer without major repairs

What is the hydrophobic effect and how is it achieved in construction

Let's go from the back side - what happens when the material is wetted with a liquid? Its molecules penetrate between the molecules of the object, forming a new substance that has a combination of the properties of the original components. It increases thermal conductivity, chemical activity, adhesion changes - everything sticks to a wet surface better than to a dry one. However, if the contact angle reaches a certain value, the molecules of the material and water begin to repel each other. The latter are collected in separate groups - the liquid flows down in large drops over the surface, unable to wet it.

The purpose of hydrophobic treatment is to make the outer layer of the structure in contact with water water-repellent. This cannot be done with the original building material, as it will simply lose adhesion, which will stop the mortar from sticking and the plaster will fall off. No, often the protection is already applied to a fully built structure, as a final stage, after which further processing will actually become impossible. The more responsibility is on the one who controls the process of erecting the structure - the margin for error is minimal.

The hydrophobic composition is applied using a spray gun, a conventional brush, a construction roller, etc. Protection from moisture itself is the tip of the iceberg, the main quality that has a lot of useful side effects. Namely:

The surface is difficult, almost impossible to stain - little sticks to it
Any dry substance, such as dust, soot or fine suspension, will be completely washed away with a minimum amount of water. It simply flows off in large drops, dragging the dirt along with it.
The roof and walls with a hydrophobic coating are not afraid of rain, they do not form streaks
Dry material has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity - minimizing heat loss in the building
There are no favorable conditions for the appearance of mold and fungus, the fouling of the structure with plants and moss is almost impossible
Anti-vandal effect - ordinary, non-specialized paint will behave like water without lingering on the treated surface

Water repellents - materials with desired properties

In the last century, with the discovery of the true causes of hydrophobicity, people began to learn how to purposefully create such substances. Something was borrowed from wildlife, but the life of organic dyes turned out to be depressingly short. The disadvantages of other compositions were low efficiency, toxicity, flammability. And only with the successful development of molecular chemistry did organosilicon polyorganosiloxanes appear - highly effective water repellents of the new century.

The name is generalized, depending on the purpose and type, these substances are divided into:

Liquid, solution. Predominantly polymethylhydride siloxylates, they are introduced into the porous surface of building materials for its impregnation.
resins. Polymethylsilicylates, used for surface treatment different type after completion of construction, at the finishing stage.
Loose mixtures, additives for concrete and mortars. They change the internal structure of the material, increasing its water-repellent properties.

Hydrophobic treatment of concrete

The porous structure of this material is perfect for the accumulation of moisture and at the same time serves to pass air - the concrete "breathes". It is far from always reasonable to deprive it of this property, tightly clog the surface, therefore hydrophobic polymers come into play. Their molecules are introduced into the molecular structure of the substance, as a result of which it begins to repel water. But the pores, internal channels, remain free - the concrete does not lose its vapor permeability.

Water-repellent impregnation helps to avoid contact not only directly with h3O, but also with those substances that are dissolved in the liquid. As a result - a colossal increase in strength, resistance to chemically active compounds, a natural increase in durability. All sediments remain outside, they are not absorbed into the concrete and cannot even penetrate through the capillaries deep into the structure. And this is incredibly important for countries with a frosty climate - when water turns into ice, its volume expands, which is why wet materials are literally torn apart from the inside. But not those that have undergone hydrophobic treatment.

Important features:

The technology in its direct form is not applicable to underwater concrete structures, in such cases other methods of protection are used
The best hydrophobic properties in combination with concrete are demonstrated by organosilicon liquid mixtures
Without careful surface preparation before processing, nowhere is the key to an effective result.
Impregnation can be colorless or colorful; for this, arbitrary pigments are added to it.
The time of complete drying can reach a day, during which it is better to cover the surface with something
For hydrophobic treatment of concrete, there are restrictions on climatic conditions– frost and heat, wind and precipitation are harmful to the process

Hydrophobic protection of brick structures

The principle of operation is identical to the processing of concrete, with the difference that the number of pores inside the fired brick is an order of magnitude greater. This means that before applying the solution, the material must be dried very thoroughly, preferably over the entire depth. Otherwise, the remaining microscopic particles of moisture will repel the water repellent molecules and it will not be able to properly integrate into the brick structure. Otherwise, everything is the same - while maintaining a porous, air-saturated structure, the brick structure will lose its ability to get wet.

Optimal choice The hydrophobic substance in this case is a family of silicone-based materials, varnishes are in second place, and active components dissolved in the same water close the list. It makes no sense to apply the solution to a dirty, moldy or rusty brick surface; for reliability, it is recommended that you take the time and effort to use disinfecting compounds. Together with the bricks, the joining seams are also subject to processing - although the risk factor is less, it is unreasonable to leave vulnerabilities.

The cost of hydrophobic treatment of structures

Traditionally, the best result is achieved in individual projects, a separate approach to solving a specific problem. Based on this, it is possible to determine the final costs only after a comprehensive study of the object, identifying bottlenecks and clarifying the details. You contact us - our experts do the rest, using their professional knowledge and rich experience in hydrophobic processing of materials.

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We love our cars. Sometimes, even too much, sometimes we pamper them. But, you must admit, it is pleasant for everyone to look at the sparkling well-groomed body, shining crystal-clear glasses and headlights, when there is not a scratch on the varnish, and the tires are always like from the store shelf. But you have to pay for everything, including the beauty and well-groomedness of the car. How much and how much is another question. We will raise it today.

Types of coatings for the body

Why use hydrophobic coatings

Water is the main enemy of iron and external decorative elements, and in combination with dust, it is an ideal tool to destroy the paintwork of the body in a few years, get to the metal and inflate the centers of corrosion. Then - everything, the youth of the car ends, treatment begins. Hydrophobic coatings for a car can prevent harmful effects on technology and prolong the youth of your favorite car.

Ideal operating conditions do not exist, just as there are no ideal means of dealing with water, corrosion, scratches and chips on glass, paint fading and clouding of varnish. But you can try. This is what numerous services offer, promising an excellent appearance for the body, headlights, windows. The price of car processing is adjusted depending on the size of the body and the status of the car, and in this table it is indicated in evergreen US dollars.

Water-repellent enamels and primers

As you can see, each composition has features and a different price. How they differ and what kind of coating for the body, windows and headlights is better, you need to understand. WITH internal surfaces bodywork and metal processing before painting, everything is more or less clear. To do this, there are hydrophobic primers and paints, mastics. They are applied either before painting the body, or poured into cavities under pressure and resist direct metal-to-water contact.

New generations of hydrophobic coatings are offered in a wide variety of sauces. Among such materials there are also useless, or even compositions harmful to paintwork or glass, but there are also those that are worth paying money for, if only for the sake of interest. The declarations of the manufacturers of such liquids and mastics should be treated with skepticism, since their task is to sell and put the owner on the composition for as long as possible. But there are also noteworthy resources.

Types of coatings for the body

Each of them can be attributed to a certain group of water-repellent substances:

Wax products. The most inexpensive and environmentally friendly drugs. They are used both for polishing varnish and for processing complex surfaces in the cabin. They are not very resistant to scratches, but as long as they stick to the surface, they repel water well.

silicon compounds. Durable in terms of mechanical damage, they are sold in the form of varnishes and enamels.

Silicone coatings. They form a thin protective film. Fairly strong and durable. Some of the silicone formulations are UV resistant.

Teflon compounds belong to the group of polymer coatings. Durable and scratch resistant.

Nano coating is hydrophobic, a separate series of materials that are able to bind with varnish and paint at the molecular level, forming a durable film that is not inferior in density to glass.

This is not the entire range of funds, but the main part of it. Each of them works in its own way and protects either the entire body, or only the headlights and windows. By the way, many take care of glasses especially zealously.

Glass cleaners, anti-rain

Hydrophobic windshield products not only protect it from chips and dust, but also try to improve visibility while driving in rain or snow. In addition, such coatings help wipers clean the glass, since frost practically does not freeze on the glass, insects are removed quickly, and at speeds above 60-70 km / h, the glass gains the ability to self-clean.

Glass coated with a hydrophobic composition simply repels water, if it remains, it rolls into drops that are automatically removed at high speed, so even after a certain speed limit, you can not use the wipers and save fluid in the washer. Some manufacturers talk about the anti-reflective effect of the compounds.

We make a water-repellent coating with our own hands

Each of these substances has its own specific service life, which means that in a month or two or six months you will have to pay again for application, for composition and for polishing. Despite this, you can make a hydrophobic coating with your own hands. It will not be as durable as a branded one, but at least you can experiment and determine how necessary such a composition is.

The composition of the hydrophobic coating is extremely simple - paraffin and white spirit in a ratio of 1/20. Paraffin is crushed, poured with white spirit and mixed for a very long time and thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The finished composition is applied to the washed body, and it can be polished only when the solvent has completely evaporated.

Thus, you can save on expensive compounds, although you will have to apply a home-made mixture much more often than a factory one. Good luck with all the experiments, dry and clean roads!

Read also:

autoshef.com

Hydrophobic Materials - Chemist's Handbook 21

Rebinder terminology, the hydrophilicity of a solid means wetting it with water, and hydrophobicity - the absence of wetting with water. In this case, hydrophobic bodies are, as a rule, oleophilic, i.e. easily wetted by oil and oil products. The reason for the different levels of hydrophobicity of materials is the different energy level of their surface. Materials, the surface of which is characterized by the presence of a large number of highly polar groups, such as OH, KH2, COOH, СОН, etc., which create a significant free force field, usually have elevated level hydrophilicity (for example, cellulose, flax, etc.). Unlike them, materials that do not have polar groups on the surface of the substance (for example, Teflon, nylon, etc.) are mostly hydrophobic. Gels of hydrophobic materials, such as polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, have received the greatest use as sorbents. In such gels, the effects of adsorption of analyzed samples are almost completely absent. Recently, macroporous glasses have been widely used, which have a number of advantages compared to a polymeric sorbent (particle rigidity, pore size variation, chemical stability) and disadvantages (increased sorption of polymers on them).

A. V. Dumansky showed that the amount of strongly bound water (L) is more correctly determined by the limiting adsorption value at which the heat of wetting (Q) is close to zero. It follows from our data that the value of A can be found from the adsorption isotherm at a relative water vapor pressure p/p5 = 0.95. The Q/A ratio can be used to quantify the hydrophilicity of dispersed materials. Depending on the type of material, it varies from 30,000 to 420 J/mol. The conditional boundary between hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials can be considered the ratio P/L = 3750 n-4200 J/mol.

Methods based on the use of porous partitions (filtration methods) are widely used in the dehydration of petroleum products. The separation of free water in porous partitions with hydrophilic properties occurs due to the absorption of moisture by the filter material until it is completely saturated. Partitions made of hydrophobic materials are permeable to oil products, but do not let water droplets contained in it pass through. Typically, the filter separator is provided with three baffles installed in series.

In hydrophobized electrodes, the optimal distribution of gas and liquid in a porous body is achieved by introducing hydrophobic materials into it (Fig. 122.6). Finely dispersed pure platinum metals are used as the material of such electrodes.

An analysis of equation (11.24) shows that liquids that do not wet the surface can penetrate into small pores and capillaries of hydrophobic materials under significant pressure. For example, in waxed capillaries (0 105 °) with a diameter of 0.1 mm, water can penetrate if its level above the surface is about 0.1 m.

P. unstable in conc. to-max, and at temperatures above 50 ° C, also in hydrocarbons. P.'s resistance to haloalkanes and aromatics. hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones increases with an increase in the degree of crystallinity and during crosslinking of the base polymer. P.-hydrophobic materials, characterized by high moisture and water resistance.

For hydrophobic materials, the polarity difference with respect to non-polar liquids is less than with respect to water. Hydrophobic solids are dominated by homeopolar bonds. Hydrophobic materials include fafit, sulfur, and heavy sulfides. metals, organic substances, many polymers (Teflon, polyethylene, etc.).

The data presented in the table convincingly prove the existence of a clear dependence of the increase in the absorption capacity of hydrophobic materials on the thickness of the oil film.

Absorption capacity of hydrophobic materials

Well-wetted surfaces that have a high affinity for water are called hydrophilic, and non-wettable surfaces are called hydrophobic. Coal matter is inherently hydrophobic, and rock-forming minerals are generally hydrophilic.

The Q/L ratio can be used to quantify the hydrophilicity of dispersed materials. Depending on the type of material, it varies from oi 30 OOO to 420 J/mol

When choosing sorbents for the equilibrium concentration of atmospheric air impurities, it is necessary to take into account their hydrophilic properties. Water vapor contained in the air is captured by the nozzle, significantly changing its sorption properties, which can ultimately lead to big mistakes. To decrease bad influence moisture, for the equilibrium concentration of atmospheric air impurities, it is necessary to use hydrophobic materials - nozzles with non-polar liquid phases, but best of all porous polymers - porapaki, tenax, etc.

The composition of bitumen significantly affects the properties of bitumen blocks. An increase in the amount of asphaltenes leads to a weaker adhesion of mineral components to the hydrophobic material and to an increase in the rate of radionuclide leaching. However, asphaltenes increase radiation resistance, which is a basic requirement for the durability of anchored blocks. The inclusion of salts, in particular sodium nitrate, increases the radiation resistance compared to pure bitumen. This is explained by the recombination of the

However, even in the case of hydrophobic materials (F-4, F-4-MB-2), under conditions of high humidity, charge relaxation processes

As indicator electrodes in stripping voltammetry, mainly graphite electrodes are used in the form of rods machined from grade V-3 graphite, 5-6 mm in diameter, 10-15 mm long (Fig. 9.19). The working surface of the electrode is its end, the side surface is covered with paraffin or polyethylene. Graphite electrodes produce a large residual current due to the reduction of oxygen in their pores. To reduce the residual current, graphite rods are impregnated in vacuum with hydrophobic materials, such as wax, paraffin, epoxy and silicone resins, and Teflon.

Crude and refined fatty acids and their soaps, petroleum sulfonates and sulphonated fatty acids are also widely used as collectors in the flotation of fluorspar, natural phosphates, iron ores and non-metallic minerals. In these cases, the reagent consumption is much higher - from 90 to 900 g per 1 ton of ore. Cationic collectors (such as fatty amines and amine salts) are widely used for flotation of quartz, potash and silicate minerals in quantities from 4 to 900 g per 1 g. Fuel oil and kerosene are used as collectors for coal, graphite, sulfur and molybdenites, since they easily adsorbed by natural hydrophobic materials. In practice, only the second frother is often used to float these minerals. These hydrocarbons are also used to dilute sulfonates, fatty acids and fatty amines in the flotation of non-metallic minerals.

Hydrophobic materials (sulfur, paraffin, oils and other hydrocarbons) do not adsorb water vapor and therefore do not form conductive moisture films even at a relative air humidity of 100%.

In conclusion, it can be noted that an increase in relative humidity up to 70% in many cases can be recommended for the removal of charges. static electricity from unheated hydrophilic materials. Other means should be used to eliminate charges from heated surfaces and hydrophobic materials.

The mass transfer of water molecules in polymers has a number of features. In hydrophobic materials, there is a weak interaction of water molecules with the matrix of the material (low solubility), however, water molecules interact with each other, causing a specific transfer mechanism.

Solutions with a concentration of elements adsorption by the walls of dishes. These losses can be reduced by using containers made of organic hydrophobic materials - polyethylene and fluoroplast-4, introducing complexing agents, acidifying the solution.

The equilibrium value of the surface resistance, achieved at 100% relative humidity of the environment, practically does not depend on the absorption of moisture. Thus, high values of surface resistance are observed in such hydrophobic materials as silicone rubber polytetrafluoroethylene. However, Thompson believes that the results obtained by Field are erroneous, since in order to achieve equilibrium values of surface resistance, much longer exposures are required (even for samples prone to moisture absorption) than those used in Field's work. Nevertheless, Field's measurements are very useful for comparing

The shuttle provides high adhesion of polyester resin to fiberglass, but does not completely eliminate the harmful effects of moisture. Garan, on the other hand, is a more hydrophobic material and has both adhesive and water-repellent properties.

Grinding in a colloid mill is always carried out in a liquid medium. For grinding hydrophilic materials, water is used as a dispersion medium, and for hydrophobic materials, such as coal or graphite, some organic liquids, if possible non-polar. To prevent coagulation of colloids and to facilitate crushing, substances that act as protective colloids must be added to the dispersion medium (liquid). For this purpose, most often

It is shown that the use of the OSK technology makes it possible, under conditions for the course of carbonization reactions, to obtain powdered hydrophobic materials with high geomechanical parameters. At the same time, this technology does not limit the positive impact of biocenoses on soils treated with quicklime.

In hydrophobic electrodes developed by L. Nidrach and X. Elford, the optimal distribution of gas and liquid in a porous body is achieved by introducing hydrophobic materials into it (Fig. 122.6). As the material of such electrodes, highly dispersed platinum metals are used in pure form or on a carrier (metal carbides, carbon, etc.). Fluoroplast or polyethylene is used as a water repellent and at the same time a binder. The hydrophobized catalyst is applied to metal mesh or on a porous support of carbon, plastic or other materials. The barrier layer of the electrodes is a finely porous hydrophilic substrate or a more hydrophilic outer layer of the catalyst. Hydrophobic electrodes are characterized by a gradual increase in the degree of hydrophobicity as they move from electrolyte to gas. Hydrophobized electrodes are thinner and lighter than hydrophilic ones, so their use makes it possible to increase the specific power of the fuel cell. In addition, these electrodes can operate in virtually no gas pressure drop.

A more radical change in the properties of the surface occurs upon the introduction of three other groups of surfactants into the liquid phase, which are capable of being vigorously adsorbed on the interfacial surface. If the physical adsorption of surfactants occurs, which corresponds to the rule of equalization of polarities, then the wetting of surfaces improves dramatically - up to the transition to spreading. Thus, the surfaces of hydrophobic materials can be wetted with water by adding to water a wide variety of surfactants capable of adsorption on the water-oil interface. On the contrary, surface hydrophobication is possible, as noted above, when chemisorbing surfactants are introduced into an aqueous solution, this phenomenon is widely used in the processes of flotation enrichment of minerals and will be considered in more detail in the next paragraph.

Petroleum bitumen, containing a small amount of surfactants, adhere better to hydrophobic materials, and natural bitumen and tar, which contain much more asphaltogenic and carboxylic acids, adhere better to hydrophilic materials. Bitumens from cracked residues have a higher surface activity than other bitumens and therefore form water resistant asphalt mixtures with hydrophilic aggregates.

Polyacrylate. Crosslinking with divinylbenzene imparts some hydrophobicity to the matrix material, but noticeably less than in the case of polystyrene. The ionogenic groups themselves are the carboxyl groups of the acrylic acid residues; the density of their arrangement is obviously very high. Mechanical and physical parameters are approximately the same as those of polystyrene. Sometimes there are matrices based on polymers of methacrylic acid.

Active disk oil skimmers are an oil intake device and a number of rotating disks, the configuration of which can be the most diverse - from rounded to star-shaped and toroidal. The total area of the discs is much greater than the contact area of the surface of rotary and belt oil skimmers. The diameter of the discs is from 100 to 500 mm, made of metal, polyethylene, polypropylene, fluoroplast and other hydrophobic materials. The distance between the discs is from 20 to 100 mm. When rotating discs come into contact with a water surface contaminated with oil products, the oil film is sorbed on their surface and rises above the water level. Removal of oil products from the disks is carried out by non-removable scrapers. Pumping is carried out by pneumatic, hydraulic and electric pumps. Distinctive feature disk oil skimmers is a high level of stability of their work in conditions of increased excitement. Disc oil skimmers have a significant area of contact with the oil film and have a higher

Absorption of oil and oil products during localization and liquidation of emergency spills on the surface of water and land by hydrophobic powder materials, however, is not limited to the process of surface adsorption. The process of adsorption in real conditions dominates only in the case of cleaning the surface of water bodies from thin monomolecular films of oil and oil products. In the case of the use of powder adsorbents for cleaning a heavily oiled water surface, along with the adsorption process, the process of oil thickening occurs due to the formation of a suspension of hydrophobic particles in a given liquid phase. Powder hydrophobic materials in this case act as thickeners. Upon contact of solid oleophilic particles with a large amount of oil, micelles are formed around them, interacting with each other to form a kind of network structure, which significantly increases the viscosity of the suspension as a whole, leading to the formation of fairly dense conglomerates when high concentrations of powdered adsorbents in oil are reached.

Dspergation and delay of the dispersed phase. To obtain the largest interfacial surface at which mass transfer is effective, it is necessary to disperse that phase, the productivity of which is maximum. However, there are some difficulties in dispersing the aqueous phase in column extractors, since many packing materials are preferentially wetted by the aqueous phase. In this case, the dispersed phase will move through the column not in separate drops, but in streams, films and large irregularly shaped drops, which will lead to a deterioration in the operation of the extractor. As packings in such a process, it is desirable to use hydrophobic materials if they are stable under extraction conditions.

The method under consideration is also used to study the properties of hydrophilic-hydrophobic materials. In this case, it is possible to find the distribution of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in the material, which is necessary to know in order to determine the real model of the porous body.

Many metals are not appreciably hydrophobic or hydrophilic, so perforated trays made from these materials work satisfactorily in most cases, although trays with stamped nozzles or holes are preferred. Hydrophobic materials are an alloy of iron, molybdenum and copper (Tron an), as well as most plastics, especially polyethylene, polypropylene and fluoroplastics. Therefore, the listed materials should not be used when dispersing organic liquids.

Works have been published on the manufacture of finely dispersed silicic acids and silicates, which are used as fillers in the manufacture of rubber. For the same purposes, polymeric silicon oxymide and quartz are used. The use of aluminosilicates for refractories has been published. A method for processing paper with silica is given. The latter is also used to produce hydrophobic materials. Data have been reported on the use of sodium silicate for the manufacture of a gel used for drying gases and preparing lubricants. Huebner considers the use of artificial and natural stones as grinding wheels. Kautsky and co-workers reported on the use of siloxene in laboratory practice as a reducing agent. As Merrill points out, synthetic micas are good substitutes for mica in special precision electron tubes. A method for making mica paper has been published. Data on the use of mica in industry as an insulating material are given.

Comparison of the dispersion interaction energy of organic molecules and water molecules with the surface of a hydrophobic adsorbent shows that at the interface between the adsorbent and aqueous solution, predominantly organic molecules, which are much more complex many-electron systems than water molecules, should accumulate. The situation changes radically if the surface of the adsorbent is hydrophilic, i.e., contains a significant number of groups and individual atoms capable of forming hydrogen bonds. In this case, the dispersion energy of the interaction of organic molecules with the adsorbent is 2–2.5 times less than the hydrogen bond energy of the adsorbent with water molecules. Accordingly, water molecules are predominantly concentrated on the interface between the hydrophilic adsorbent and the aqueous solution, and the ratio of the amounts of molecules of the organic component and water in the equilibrium solution after adsorption increases (the phenomenon of the so-called negative adsorption from the solution). Hence it follows that, in the general case, hydrophilic adsorbents for selective adsorption organic matter from aqueous solutions are unsuitable, regardless of how well they absorb these substances from vapors or vapor-gas mixtures. Only in cases where complex organic molecules contain structural elements or functional groups capable of interacting with functional groups or atoms of the adsorbent surface due to the formation of hydrogen bonds or ion-dipole attraction, the use of hydrophilic polar adsorbents may be appropriate for solving technological problems associated with adsorption of such substances from aqueous solutions. Basically, effective adsorbents of organic compounds from aqueous solutions should be sought among hydrophobic materials, adsorption on which is mainly due to dispersion forces.

chem21.info

Hydrophobic material - The Big Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas, article, page 1

hydrophobic material

Page 1

Hydrophobic materials are divided into natural and artificial. Artificial hydrophobic materials can be obtained by special processing of hydrophilic materials; at the same time, a layer of hydrophobic substances and gases is formed on the surface of the particles of these materials.

Hydrophobic materials are used in various industries national economy, even in such as fixing sand dunes by laying layers of hydrophobic materials.

The hydrophobic material at a given partial pressure adsorbed significantly more benzene than water, while the opposite was observed on a hydrophilic sample.

Hydrophobic materials (sulfur, paraffin, oils and other hydrocarbons) do not adsorb water vapor and therefore do not form conductive moisture films even at 100% relative humidity.

The powdered hydrophobic material resulting from the DCR treatment can be compressed to give the inert filler high geomechanical properties.

An example of a hydrophobic material is cellulose triacetate, and a hydrophilic material is methylcellulose. The presence of free OH hydroxyls in the compound determines the hydrophilicity of the material. Thus, cellulose itself, containing three free hydroxyls, is highly hydrophilic. She is known to absorb zodu strongly. How more degree substitution of the ether, the less its hydrophilicity; Thus, cellulose triacetate is hydrophobic, while saponified acetylcelluloses containing free OH groups are hydrophilic, and the more OH groups in AC, the greater its hydrophilicity, but at the same time, the wet strength of the AC film decreases.

Resin is a hydrophobic material that does not dissolve in water, but can dissolve in organic solvents.

As hydrophobic materials to prevent icing, aqueous solutions of the organosilicon liquid GKZH-Yu and polysiloxone oil, as well as lac-etinol were tested. Solutions (10 and 20%) of GKZH-Yu and polysiloxane oil were applied to the surface of a clean and dry cement concrete pavement. These experiments showed that the adhesion force of ice with cement concrete pavement is reduced by 3-4 times, which makes it relatively easy to separate ice on 60-80% of the pavement area.

One of the most hydrophobic materials is paraffin. If a solution in which gold is in a finely dispersed state is passed through a mesh coated with a thin layer of paraffin or a column filled with paraffin granules, metal particles, which also have a high degree of hydrophobicity, adhere to the filter surface and linger on it. Accumulating on the filter material, fine metal particles become larger and their collection can be combined with the filter regeneration process. To do this, the used filter is placed in a solvent. The lubricant dissolves and the particles precipitate. As the sediment accumulates, it is separated and sent for remelting.

Since many hydrophobic materials (wood, soot, smoldering materials) are poorly wetted by water, surfactants (wetting agents) DB, NB, sulfonols and other additives to water are used to improve their wetting, significantly increasing its penetration into the surface layers of the burning material.

In the case of selective wetting of hydrophobic materials, surfactant adsorption occurs predominantly from an aqueous solution, and surfactant molecules in the adsorption monolayer are oriented towards the liquid by polar groups.

A small disc of porous hydrophobic material separates the internal and external electrolyte solutions. Along its entire perimeter, the disk is in contact with an organic solvent that is immiscible with water, which is located in the annular gap. Let us dissolve in this solvent the salt of the ion we need with a counterion of relatively large molecular weight and with a much higher solubility in the organic phase than in water. Under the action of capillary forces, the solvent will fill the pores of the disk, making electrical contact with both aqueous solutions.

The conditional boundary between hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials can be considered the ratio Q / L 3750 n - 4200 J / mol.

Let us consider a conical crack in a hydrophobic material with an apex angle of 2a, in which an interface between a liquid and a gas with a wetting angle of 0 has formed (Fig.

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Water repellent coating. Rules for applying a hydrophobic coating for glass. Water-repellent impregnation and liquid: features of the use of materials