The house where bitter in Malaya Nikitskaya lived. The classic of the Moscow Modern - Navigation - LiveJournal. After the latest fashion

The original is taken by W. galik_123. to the classic of Moscow modern

The history of this building in the center of Moscow is associated with the names of three famous people Russia, although a memorial plaque on the building mentions only one. Architect Shechor for Millionaire Ryabushinsky, and lived there the longest time the writer Gorky lived there. This mansion lies forever in history the life of these outstanding people, and telling about the house, it is impossible not to tell about each. They lived at one time, and their fates were in different ways ...
In general, in Moscow there are not so many mansions of the beginning of the 20th century, open to visit. Especially such as the mansion of Ryabushinsky - the masterpiece of the Moscow Modern, the classic of the genre. I have long wanted to be inside and see the famous interiors. After all, in other mansions of Moscow, located in the center, getting quite difficult, because they are located or embassies different countries, or other important government agencies, and besides, the internal space has long been redone in accordance with modern demands facilities. And in this mansion you can see what was conceived by the master.

1. The mansion for S. P. Ryabushinsky built Fyodor Osipovich Shechtel (1859-1926) - the greatest Russian architect of the turn of the XIX and XX centuries, the Kavaler of the orders of St. Anne and St. Stanislav, the creator of the Russian and Moscow modern. The future architect came from the family of colonists from Bavaria, who arrived in June 1766 to the colony of Shukk near Saratov. His father was a technologist engineer, and Mom Daria Karlovna, in the Maidestrium Rosalia-Dorothea Guellih, P luckly worked as a housekeeper from Tretyakov. Many of the architectural monuments built by the Shechor in Moscow entered the Golden Foundation of Patriotic Architecture and are under government. For its projects in the capital, more than 50 buildings were created, and many of them were preserved to the present day. His main facilities in Moscow: Mansion Z.G. Morozova on Spiridonovka (1893), Art Theater (1902), Yaroslavl Station (1902). An excellent sample of the "Neoclassica" style, in which Shechtel also worked, serves as a cinema "Artistic" on Arbat Square.

Fedor Osipovich Shechtel

After the revolution in 1918, a mansion on a large garden, built by architect for his family, Shechtel managed to sell. He settled on Big Dmitrovka at the daughter of faith. In the apartment hurried tenants, and in last years The Grand Architect lived in a communal service. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery. And his masterpiece - the mansion on Malaya Nikitskaya still serves the decoration of the capital.

2. The mansion was built in 1900-1902 by order of a 26-year-old entrepreneur S.P. Ryabushinsky. In it, the architect thought over everything starting from the planning and ending interior decoration premises. The house combined the achievements of the Art of Nouveau (rejection of direct lines and corners in favor of more natural lines, interest in new technologies) with the Russian architectural tradition.
A small mansion consists of several volumes, each of which is unique. The facades are lined with glazed brick bricks, the house is decorated with a mosaic frieze with an image of orchids. Building - two-story, but multi-level windows various shapes Create a multi-set effect.

3. Attention immediately attracts an amazing mosaic frieze with orchids, made according to the sketches of the shechor. In aesthetics, the symbol and mystery played a special role, for example, a bud was perceived as symbol of nascent life. Decoration on the facade of the mansion indicates the presence of some mystery in the house.

4. Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky (1874-1942) - a well-known Russian entrepreneur, banker, collector, representative of Ryabushinsky dynasty. Known as collector icons. The collection of icons Ryabushinsky was considered one of the best in Russia. In many ways, thanks to Stepan Pavlovich, a planned scientific study of the icons began, many masterpieces of icon paintings were opened. Stepan Ryabushinsky organized exhibitions of icon painting, including the famous exhibition, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov House in 1913.

Ryabushinsky family - Stepan Pavlovich, Anna Aleksandrovna and Boris

After the Russian revolution of 1917, Stepan Ryabushinsky emigrated to Milan. The collection of icons Ryabushinsky was enrolled in the State Museum Fund, most (54 icons) is located in the Department of Old Russian Art of the State Tretyakov Gallery, the remaining sold out or transferred to other museums.

5. After emigration, Ryabushinsky building survived many owners. There were various state structures in it. Some furniture items were lost and lighting The time performed according to the sketches of the shechor, destroyed the ventilation system and disassembled a unique fireplace from Carrarsky marble. In 1931, M. A. Gorky drove into the mansion, and now this building is a Gorky Memorial Museum. It can be considered that Maxim Gorky indirectly saved the mansion from complete destruction, distortion beyond recognition and transfer to any institution.

6. The front entrance went to the small Nikitsky, on another porch it was possible to go down to the garden now the main entrance is closed.

7. Compared with the beginning of the 20th century, the interiors were partially changed, even the entrance to the building is now located on the side of the spiridonovka, but the main thing was maintained. In addition, the museum has albums with photos and sketches of unaccompanied interiors.

8. Previously, this entrance was considered black and was designed for servants.

9. With a mansion there is a fairly large plot, disconnected by low decorative fence in modern style.

10. On the territory of the mansion was built a fluegel, where there were a stable, laundry, janitsky and lived servants Ryabushinsky. In one of the premises of the Flegel from 1941 to 1945, Writer A.N. Tolstoy, now here is his museum-apartment.

In the autumn of 1913, in the mansion of Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, one of the last meetings (without outsiders) of the large family of Millionaires Ryabushin occurred at the Maly Nikitskaya. At that time, Ryabushinsky were known throughout Russia: from Riga to Baku, from Arkhangelsk to Tiflis. They took place from the free peasants-Old Believers of the Borovsko-Paftyvsky Monastery. By the beginning of the XIX century, Borovsk turned from the first spiritual centers of Russia to the usual provincial town of halfway between Kaluga and Moscow. The grandfather of the famous brothers Ryabushinsky grew up, Mikhail Yakovlevich. At twelve, he was given to Moscow, to the trading part. Trading was successful, and at 16, Mikhail Ryabushinsky signed up in the Third Merchant Guild, presenting a thousand rubles for thousands of rubles. From this, millions of Ryabushinsky began.
His son Pavel Mikhailovich Ryabushinsky was already very different from the Father, the founder of the dynasty. He represented the second generation of domestic entrepreneurs who were interested in politics, arts and sciences. P.M. Ryabushinsky was elected from his estate in the members of the Moscow Duma, the Commercial Court, Moscow Exchange Society. He handed over to her sons perfectly debugged and energetically developing business, as well as 20 million banknotes - a huge state.
The third generation of Russian entrepreneurs Brothers Ryabushinsky received a great education. They graduated from the Moscow Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences, knew two or three European languages. For the most part, they were smart, are active, ready for large-scale activities and wide charity.

From left to right - Paul, Mikhail, Vladimir, Stepan, Nikolay, Sergey, Fedor, Dmitry Ryabushinsky

Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, Chairman of the "Partnership", the owner of the Moscow bank, chief Editor The newspapers "Morning of Russia", one of the leaders of the Progressist Party is the brightest representative of Russian major capital. In it, a peculiar business ethic of an old-supplied medium, a wide nature of the Russian merchant and a benefactor with an iron chain of the educated entrepreneur of the twentieth century. By the beginning of the tenths, Pavel Pavlovich was headed by the largest financial monopoly. Everywhere, where only possible, his "mid-Russian joint-stock company" opposed foreigners: geological exploration in the north, in the area of \u200b\u200bUkhta, logging, expanding interests in the oil industry, the first steps of domestic engineering, automotive and aviation industry and other spheres.
His nearest colleagues in the case - Brothers Stepan, Sergey and Vladimir, stood at the origins of the Patriotic Automobile Industry, founded the first car plant of AMO (ZIL), and besides, archaeologists, collectors and specialists in the Old Russian Iconopy. Mikhail - also was a collector. His meeting of Russian and Western European artists was the pearl of the funds of several leading Soviet museums. Nikolai, a well-known writer, founder of the magazine "Golden Fleece", who published under the pseudonym N. Shinsky poems and prose in Musagette and other fashionable publishing houses of the beginning of the century. Dmitry, one of the world's largest specialists in the field of aeronautics, arranged in 1904 in the family estate Kuchino's only private "Aerodynamic Institute". Subsequently, he emigrated to France, where he continued his research and became the French academician.
These were the Russian millionaires! Most bright representatives The Russian business community of the beginning of the last century Ryabushinsky has always been focused only in the Russian market. After Ryabushinsky in New Russia, which they no longer know, beautiful buildings, factories, factories, scientific institutions remained.

11. The front entrance hall was performed in the modern style.

12. Decorated the house of Ryabushinsky nine unique stained glass windows made according to sketches of the shechor. They performed architectural tasks. For example, the image with pine trees and leaving the fields created the illusion of the window, thereby visually increasing the space.

13. All rooms of the house are grouped around the main staircase with a height of 12 m in the form of a gray-green wave of marble, at the very beginning of which the jellyfish lamp floats. At the top of the stairs is a column.

14. The staircase is made of Estonian Vasel marble. Beautiful stone Procedured in the Moscow workshop M.D. Kutyirina. At the beginning of the stairs, there is a very interesting marble shop: to not freeze, sitting on it, a stream of warm air from a special lattice was sent to it, now this heating system is no longer working.

15. Luminaire in the form of jellyfish.

16. There is a place for recreation between the spills of the ladder.

17. Medusa when viewed on it from above turns into a turtle (personification the life of the active and life of contemplative). The staircase becomes not just a device for physical lifting, but a symbol spiritual ascent of man.

18. Stepan Ryabushinsky One of the first engaged in the restoration of old icons. Therefore, in his house there was a place for a restoration workshop. Already in 1914, the magazine "Russian icon" reported that Ryabushinsky in his house in Nikitsky is going to open the icon museum.

19. Doors, handles, houses at home are algae, shells, sea skates, turtles.

20. Provided Shechor in the house and chapel, having a round dome by tradition. The premises itself is located in the attic, in the northwestern side of the house. During the construction of the building, this room was made secret. To get into it, the owners walked on the second floor. (Photo of the chapel did not have time - the museum was closed.)

21. Columns with a massive capitel decorated with beautiful lilies, symbol of purity, and disgusting salamanders - symbol evil. A narrow gallery has a special meaning. She meant that the path to good narrows and a thorny. Then the believers walked along the black staircase.

22. The decorative balcony inside the house decorate the rise (view from the second floor site). All wall cabinets were made by order of Gorky.

23. Cabinet Secretary A.M. Gorky.

24. In five memorial rooms (library, office, bedroom, dining room and secretarial), a genuine furnishings and personal belongings A.M. Gorky, who lived here from 1931 to 1936. Personal library of the writer is used in scientific research.

28. The first floor windows simply affect the imagination of their shape and size.

29. Thin wooden carving adorns the doors. Floral motifs and waves - symbol of eternal traffic In the drawing of the parquet Hall and dining room.

30. The library opens beautiful view From the window, the windows frame has an unusually intricate form.

31. The stucco ceiling library - fantasy aquatic plants, snails.

32. Worker Cabinet A.M. Gorky.

33. Along the walls of the cabinets, where there is an impressive size collection of carved work from the bone of masters of the XVIII-XX centuries (Necksk).

34. View from the Cabinet Gorky window.

35. There are objects in the desk, apparently belonging to the writer.

36. Gorky bedroom on the first floor. The writer occupied the room of the first floor, and the Writer's family was located on the second - his son and his wife and children.

37. The view from the bedroom window is also pleased with the eye.

38. On the second floor now there is an exhibition dedicated to the writer A.M. Gorky - paintings, gifts. In this house, the writer spent the last years of life, working on the Roman-epic "Life of Klim Samgin".

39. In the ranks of the second floor, the originals of famous artists who were friends with Gorky and their works were hanging.

B. Grigoriev. Portrait of A.M. Gorky, 1926

Italian landscapes V. Khodasevich

V. Khodasevich. ON THE. Peshkova, 1920s

42. Two paintings M. Nesterova: Left Evening on the Volga (loneliness), 1932; on right Patient girl, 1928.

43. In this amazing mansion, the life of outstanding people of their time was intertwined. Sophisticated fate and this house ...

Walking around the city center, I have repeatedly paid attention to an unusual mansion, decorated with colored panels with orchids. Despite the fact that the house is surrounded by trees, something in it has such that she cares. Already later, I learned that this building was built by the famous architect F.O. Shechor for a rich industrialist S.P. Ryabushinsky at the beginning of the 20th century. The main highlight of this mansion is the famous wave staircase, which the architect installed in the lobby and which is insanely similar to the creations of the Spanish architect Gaudi in Barcelona.

Known this house as well as the last refuge of the great writer M. Gorky, in which he lived several years after returning to his homeland. Now inside house-museum M. Gorky, which refers to the literary institute. In this regard, the entrance fee do not take. It is said that the writer himself bequeathed so that the labor people would be allowed inside for free. While this covenant is performed. Mansion Ryabushinsky is located on the Malaya Nikitskaya Street D.6, next to the temple of "Big Ascension", in which A.S. was married Pushkin and N. Goncharov.

Mansion Ryabushinsky

Mansion Ryabushinsky

The entrance to the museum is open from the side of Spiridonovka. As I said, you can independently inspect the interiors of the mansion of Ryabushinsky completely free, you will need to pay only a photographing or group excursion. Mostly in the museum there are already older people who are very interesting to talk about this amazing house. At the entrance, it will be necessary either to wear casual slippers, or purchase booties so as not to spoil the parquet from the valuable tree of the tree.

Next, we immediately get into the hall and we see that for which it will certainly be worth come - a fabulous marble staircase, designed by F.O. Shechor. She symbolizes eternal movement, without which life is unthinkable.

Mansion Ryabushinsky

In the mansion of Ryabushinsky

Shortly before the start of work on the mansion of Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, the famous architect visited Paris and met the works of the French architect Francois-Xavier Shelkopf. It was he who was the founder of the plastic direction of Modern. Shelkopf noticed that in nature there are practically no straight lines: and the features of the human face, and the tree branches are curved and rounded. Shechtel embodied these ideas in the design of the house of Ryabushinsky. As a basis, he took the sea theme.

Mansion Ryabushinsky

Mansion Ryabushinsky

And the dark green walls of the hall, and the streamlined shape of the staircase, which ends with a jellyfish lamp on one side and an elegant bench on the other, and muffled light penetrating through the windows windows on the second floor, all the thoughts of the water element.

Stained glass window on stairs

On the second floor there are interesting figures on the captors of the marble column. Lilies, symbolizing the purity and salamanders, depicting evil, talk about the endless struggle of two began.

Even the Estonian grayish marble with streaks, from which the staircase is made, resembles the sand, from which the wave just fled. Under the Rabushinsky Hall and dining room were a single whole. Later, the arch was laid and replaced with the doors, making the room insulated and, thus, having lost the main intention of the architect.

Door in the dining room

Many interior items created by Shechor were lost. So in the dining room disassembled a unique snow-white marble fireplace, decorated with a woman-butterfly, painted the frieze from tulips, which were a symbol of happiness, the chandelier in the form of snowdrop flowers irrevocably disappeared. These changes are connected with Opal Bolsheviks on Ryabushinsky, and with accommodation in the mansion of M. Gorky. When in 1900, a project for the construction of this courageous at the time of the building was approved, the owner of the estate of Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky was only 26 years old. However, he was one of the eight brothers Ryabushinsky, owners of a huge state and several enterprises, and was very respected and famous person. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was the industrialists that formed the appearance of a new Moscow, making favorable orders to fashionable Moscow architects. Modern Shekhtel fell to the taste of Ryabushinsky.

Besides unusual interior In the house, an air conditioning system was created in Moscow, an elevator in the basement, lifting dishes in the dining room, electricity and telephone were carried out. In addition, a garage was built for one of the first cars in the city. This house could not help but attract attention, but he had no long to live Stepan Pavlovich. In 1917, together with his family, he hastily left Russia and moved to Italy, where she opened the store of fabrics. His brothers also dispersed in different cities of Europe. The property of them was nationalized, and in the mansion at the Malaya Nikitsky some time was located a foreign office, the Institute of Psychoanalysis and Kindergarten.

However, when in 1931, M. Gorky returned to their homeland, he was given this house to stay. He didn't really like the writer, he was alien to the art, which sought to portray a non-existent, and much inside the mansion Gorky redoned for himself. So all over the house, including bookquarters appeared on the central stairs, in which the writer posted his impressive library. Gorky occupied the first floor, as he was already seriously sick, and he was hard to climb the stairs. On the second floor he lived his son and his wife and children.

It is concerned that Gorky with the daughter-in-law was a special relationship, perhaps even a love relationship. Nadezhda Alekseevna Peshkova remained to live in the mansion of Ryabushinsky after the death of her husband and Svetra, until 1965, according to rumors, was in love with him I.V. Stalin and precisely for this reason all her beloved after a while fell under arrest and died in prison ducts. After 1965, the M. Gorky Museum was opened in the house at M. Nikitskaya. So, the first floor remained as he was during the life of the writer.

Distribution and writers gathered in the dining room, meetings of the writer council were held, the discussions were conducted on the fate of the literature in the new state of the workers.

Dining room

Adhes to the dining room library, on the ceiling of which surprising stucco, depicting colors buds and elegant curls.

Ceiling in the library

Parade doors

The clothes M. Gorky moved here and designated the place where he undressed. Guests, falling into the house, according to the architect's plan, immediately saw an amazing stained glass window, which visually expanded the space. Also, the stained-glass windows were decorated and a small screen in the hallway.

Stained glass window in the hallway

On the right there is a writer's office, which preserved a fireplace created at Ryabushinsky. In this room, M.Gorky spent the first half of the day, long and fruitfully working. On his order was made desk, In the cabinets and on the shelves, the writer posted its collection of eastern figures, which was very proud of.

Cabinet writer

Everything is thought out to the smallest detail. Like this, for example, look doorknobs.

Doorknobs

The bedroom M. Gorky is adjacent to the cabinet. The furnishings in the room is very simple: small bed, bedside tables and wardrobe. The favorite corner of the writer was the chair under the book shelf, on which the writer posted books to read before bedtime. Then we climb the second floor, admiring the original stained glass windows. Erker is equipped with a place to stay near the window.

Bedroom

Exposition of the second floor

For them the door to a secret narrow staircase leading to the secret chapel. Ryabushinsky were Old Believers, and before the Decree of Nicholas II 1905. On Valipability, it was unsafe in open praying. Therefore, on the upper floor, a messenger was built, decorated with ancient Russian painting. The iconostasis and the altar were lost after the revolution, the numerous vintage icons collected by Stepan Pavlovich took place. The owner of the mansion was going to open the Museum of Icons in his house, but these plans were not destined to come true. Now, in addition to restored painting on the walls of the chapel, nothing has been preserved here. In a small room of the third floor, photographs telling about the family of Ryabushinsky.

Chapel in the house of Ryabushinsky

Chapel in the house of Ryabushinsky

The house built by the famous architect Shechor on Malaya Nikitskaya, produces an indelible impression. A fabulous staircase, stood without repair for more than a hundred years, transferred to the colorful underwater world with its streamlined forms. On top of the lamp, the jellyfish turns into a multi-colored turtle, and the light penetrating through the stained glass, only adds the place of mystery. Mansion Ryabushinsky serves as an eternal monument to the talent of an outstanding architecture, unfortunately graduating his life in poverty.

Building houses for the richest families of frost and Ryabushinsky, Shechor on the slope of years was forced to wander on removable apartments. The new government was not to taste his bold projects, thought out to the smallest detail. However, fortunately, its numerous works have been preserved, among which the mansion of Ryabushinsky reached the present day in a fairly good condition and, unlike the house of frost on the spiridon, is available for visits.

How to find a mansion of Ryabushinsky (M. Gorky Museum)

address: m. Pushkinskaya (Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya), 20 minutes walk.

Moscow, ul. Small Nikitskaya, 6/2.

Opening hours - from 11 to 17-30 (Wednesday Sunday). Last Thursday of the month - day off

Malaya Nikitskaya urban mansion, 6 was built in the style of Early Modern on the project of architect Fedor Osipovich in the period from 1900 to 1903. As an assistant, the architect Ivan was attracted. The customer was the famous entrepreneur Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky.

The architect managed to connect in the forms and decoration of the building elements of the Mauritan style and English gothic. The facade is decorated with glazed bricks of light shades. The upper central part is decorated with a mosaic frieze, which depicts irises.

Photo 1. So today the main facade of the mansion of Ryabushinsky in Moscow looks

The elevation of the building is only two floors, but multi-level window openings, and, different in shape, create a visual effect of high-rise building.

The lattices on the windows are made in the Art Nouveau style, representing intricate in the form of wave-like patterns. In the same way, the low fence on the side of the Small Nikitskaya is decorated.

Interior rooms were also decorated in modern style. The famous artist Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel was involved in the work.

Fyodor Osipovich Shechtel created a Hall in the interior at Malaya Nikitskaya Street, 6 illusion on the topic of the underwater world. It emphasizes the "melting" edge ladder, made in the form sea wave From white marble. The chandelier under the ceiling resembles a form of jellyfish, and interior walls painted in turquoise-greenish color. Door handles, cast on the likeness of sea skates, were left without attention.

A few more words about the marble staircase. It was made in the Moscow workshop Mikhail Dmitrievich Kutyrina. The material was the Vasel marble brought from Estonia.

Impressive with your beauty and nine stained glass windows, which, in addition to decorative functions, solve some architectural tasks. So, the largest landscape stained glass windows with pines prescribed on it and depth in the depths, it was designed to create an illusion of the window in a small inner space, which made it possible to visually expand the limited volume.

Pictures for all stained glass performed personally architect Shechor, and executed the artist of grapes.

It is worth noting that maritime, as well as plant motifs are present in the design of other rooms of the mansion of Ryabushinsky.

Since the family of Ryabushinsky treated the Old Believers, the architect Shechtel specially entered the scope of the attic a secret chapel, which is located with the north-west side of the house. The dome and walls of the room are stylized in the spirit of the ancient church. Guess about its presence, peering into the mansion outside, it is impossible.

The house forms are made with a clear use of cubic volume, which is emphasized by horizontal lines of the cornice plates taken by the facade plane. This idea is performed by asymmetric protrusions of outer walls, and individually executed balconies, as well as a massive porch.

The owner of the house in Malaya Nikitskaya, 6, Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky, left a significant mark in Russian culture. He was one of the first people in Russia, who began to engage in the restoration of the ancient Russian icons and their scientific clearing. In this house they were equipped with a restoration workshop, and over time plans were built, according to publications in the magazine "Russian Icon" for 1914, the creation of the museum of the icon.

At the intersection of the silent small Nikitskaya and Spiridonovka, in luxurious house In the style of Modern Building F.O. Shechor, is located. And before the revolution, the owner of the house was Stepan Ryabushinsky. Therefore, someone calls the mansion by the house of Ryabushinsky, and someone is the Museum of Gorky. Museum staff talk about the life of the writer, his family, his work. And if you do not like long excursions, you can simply relax on the bench in the cozy shady courtyard, and then see the unearthly beauty of the interiors at home.

The facades of the building are lined with glazed bricks, the tape of the mosaic frieze with the image of the irises ( in the photo above), And smooth walls are cut through the squares of large windows. This is the former major main door. Today, the entrance to the museum occurs through the "black move."

In the summer of 1900, construction began on Malaya Nikitskaya luxurious mansion For Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky - one of the representatives of the third generation of the dynasty. Stepan Pavlovich Ryabushinsky - Russian entrepreneur, banker, collector, patron,, together with Brother Sergey, founded the first car factory AMO, now the name of Likhacheva. Small Nikitskaya street in those years looked very provincially: low wooden or stone houses, Chickens walking along the cobblestone pavement, samography fragrance. To accommodate the city estate with an exquisite house, an inland yard and services - laundry, a downtown, a storeroom, a garage and stable - an experienced architect was required, capable of thinking extraordinary. The construction order was received by Fedor Osipovich Shechtel (1859-1926), whose work was particularly liked Stepan Pavlovich. When the construction of a house on Maly Nikitskaya, Ryabushinsky was 26 years old. In the architecture of his residence, the motives of English Gothic and Mauritanian architecture were awake; Interior decoration, participation in the creation of which I took MA Vrubel is striking. After the October Revolution, Stepan Ryabushinsky hastily with his wife and two children (Elena and Boris) emigrated to Italy; The descendants along the Daughter of Elena (1902-2000) live in Milan, wear the surname Rijoff (Ryzhov). Since 1919, the building housed a state publishing house (Gosizdat), from 1925 to 1931 - the All-Union Society of Cultural Relations with abroad, and then the mansion was provided at the disposal just returned to the USSR M. Gorky. In 1965, the Writer Museum opened here.

The bitter himself did not participate in the choice of his dwelling and did not express any wishes. Back in 1928, he received a letter of some Soviet workers with a request not to leave again in Italy and abandon his local villa, to which he answered in the Women's Moscow newspaper: " By the way, I have no Villa. I never had and will not be my homes, my "real estate ownership". The writer M. Slonimsky recalled how one day a flat gost raised the toast "for the owner of the house!". The face of Gorky climbed, and he interrupted the speaker with the question: " For which owner? I am not the owner of this house. Host - Mossovet!"," After which I got up and left the room.

The main highlight of the house was the main staircase of the Hall, made in the form of a wave ("melting staircase"). Cascade of marble waves, throwing down high up the chandelier-jellyfish, greenish walls, imitating sea element, muted lighting, door handles in the form of a marine skate create a picture of the underwater world. Shechor continued this game and in the design of the rest of the rooms - plant motives, sea topics, bizarre snails and butterflies disguised in the details of the interior - in this house it boils a special life. The fate of F.O. was tragically Shechor. The architect with his family remained in Russia, tried to find his place in the New Country of Socialism. The family of Shechor was evicted from the mansion on the Big Sadovaya, and the Great Architect, who was standing at the origins of the Russian Modern, built for frost, Ryabushinsky, Smirnov, until the end of his days wandered over to removable apartments and homes and died sick and beggar. Today, according to his projects, they study the history of architecture, and in the sky there is a small planet, named in his honor.

There are in the mansion and its secrets - the secret Old Believer challenge, located in the attic of the northwestern part of the house; From the street it does not discern. Walls and dome in the chapel covers a unique abstract temple painting - a small room is as stylized under an ancient church. To go to the secret room, you needed to rise to the second floor, go through a narrow gallery and up the black stairs. Strying and did not guessed that there is a premises in the house.

Gorky lived in the house in Nikitskaya the rest of his life, until 1936. Settled on the first floor - to rise across the twelve-meter stairs to a patient writer was difficult. And at the top there was his family - the son of Maxim Alekseevich with his wife's hope of Alexeyevna (her name was Timosh) and the granddaughters of Marph and Daria.

In order not to frozen on the marble bench, the flow of warm air from such an intricate lattice is directed to it. The system has not survived to this day. After 1917, the mansion of Ryabushinsky moved to the ownership of the city and belonged to the alternately addict on foreign affairs, the State Publishing, the psychoanalytic institute, kindergarten. During these years, the furniture of Ryabushinsky and lighting devices, made according to the sketch of the shechor, were destroyed by the ventilation system and a unique fireplace from Carrarsky marble, which was in the dining room, he was now somewhere in Arkhangelsk, on the former dacha of the Ministry of Defense bosses.

Unique stained glass windows, parquet of valuable wood, scenic ceilings, luxurious chandeliers, stucco - a house on a small Nikitskaya not very fitted to the tastes of a writer from the people. Gorky has repeatedly spoke about him : "Great, grand, smile not for what". And this is a cozy library with a huge window, spacious cabinets, sofa and leather chairs. Pay attention to the magnificent ceiling of the library ( in the photo below).

The largest room ( in the photo below) Served the dining room, living room. The permanent place of Gorky at the table is marked by a tea device. Breakfast usually passed in a narrow circle, more animatedly became at lunch and evening tea. Gorky meetings were held here with numerous guests, primarily writers, people of art; Numerous discussions were conducted on the then literature method, called "Socialist Realism". Almost all famous writers of the 1930s visited Gorky - his house replaced the writer club. There were literary dinners, dinners, and just for any question came there. In Memoirs, K.I. Chukovsky (the first volume), for example, you can read about it.

Cabinet. In this room, the writer spent the morning hours from 9 to 2 days, allotting the most productive time to work on its works: creative activity Gorky during these years was huge. This room more reflects the tastes of Alexey Maximovich. The office was similar to the Writer's working rooms where he lived - in Sorrento in Italy, Testenli in the Crimea, in the near Moscow Ducca in Gorki. "It seemed that he would bring his working rooms with him," recalled S.Ya. Marshak. In the afternoon, Gorky worked here on the manuscripts of beginner writers, answered the letters of numerous correspondents, was engaged in editorial work on the publications leading.

The desktop (by the window), big, above ordinary and without boxes, was made at the request of Gorky - he was used to work at such a table. Books, notebooks with notes, acutely sharpened colored pencils, which writer ruled texts, their own and other people, everything neatly lies on the table in anticipation of the owner. Along the walls - cabinets, where the impressive sizes are located - Gorky collected carved work from the bone of masters of the XVIII-XX centuries (Necks).

Bedroom ( in the photo below). Here is just necessary. Antique bedroom set - a random acquisition when furnished at home and does not reflect the tendency of the writer. In the closet and dresser - personal belongings and clothing of Alexey Maximovich. At his request hung an angular bookshelfOn which books were set up for daily evening reading. In the last selection found themselves: "People's Russian Tales" collected by A. Afanasyev, "Songs" Beranta, works of R. Rollan and verses N. Langov, books K.S. Stanislavsky and V.G. Korolenko and others. Sometimes Gorky jokingly called himself a "professional reader."

On the bedside table near the bed - a picture of the elder granddaughter Alexei Maximovich - Martha. This is one of the most recent Son's photographs - Maxim Alekseevich. He died on May 11, 1934 from the bruboral inflammation of the lungs. This loss bitter was actually unable to transfer and survived the Son only two years.

Hello, dear readers. In this report, it will be about a very interesting house that attached on the corner of the Spiridonovka and the Small Nikitskaya Street. I have long heard of this building, but I did not get it. But recently, we still gathered and in the plan of my birthday program in November visited him. The mansion of Ryabushinsky is a wonderful model of the house in Modern style, built by architect Fedor Shechor for the order of the industrialist and the pages of Ryabushinsky in 1900-02. History and photos - on the link below.

... near expropriated
mansion in lush modern style.
Bitter stairs did not like him:
"Eh, in the whole decadence of manners." (from)

First, I advise everyone who has not yet visited this monument to architecture, it is as soon as possible) very beautiful house, decoration, interiors, stucco, decorations. Moreover, the condition of the house is just excellent. And the entrance is free. Secondly, briefly will tell the history of the mansion:

"The mansion of Ryabushinsky is a wonderful model of the house in the style of Modern, built by architect Fedor Shechor for the order of the industrialist and the polenate of Ryabushinsky in 1900-02 Collectibles.The collection in the mansion of Ryabushinsky, there were more than 100 masterpieces of painting and a large number of icons, some of which was restored and saved by the owner of death. Ryabushinsky briefly owned this remarkable real estate. After the revolution, the family was forced to leave Russia, and their mansions and paintings were left to Soviet power. The part of the collection fell into the Tretyakovka and some other museums, but a lot was gone.

Two-storey building with free layout; The rooms are grouped around the inner staircase; The location of the volume follows the logic of the "organic" growth of the building
Composition: asymmetric; A massive porch comes to the Red Street line; The facades retreat from the crane of the street line, the mansion is discouraged by a low lattice fence; The main facade is facing the Ascension Church (north).

In 1917, the mansion of Ryabushinsky moved to a new owner - one of the Department of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, the Department of Visa and Passports. In 1919, diplomats left the mansion on Nikitskaya. Instead, they were writers. The mansion is located Gosizdat, the main publishing house of Soviet Russia.In 1926, the VOKS - All-Union Society of Cultural Communication with abroad.In 1931, Gorky arrived from Sorrento to Moscow, and Stalin complained to him the mansion of Ryabushinsky. Gorky didn't like it very much: the proletarian writer in the bourgeois mansion, and even modern that the writer disliked, but nothing to do.Gorky asked to disassemble and endure a unique modern fireplace, which acted on his nerves, but the rest left. Gorky lived in this house from 1931 to 1936. Here they were written by a play "Egor Boychov and others", Roman "Life Klima Samgin". The apartment of Gorky was one of the centers of the literary life of Moscow, here prepared for the I Congress of Writers, the development of Soviet literature was resolved. In 1935 Gorky visited french writer Romain Rollan (there is a memorial plaque).

In the neighboring house, the editorial board of the magazines edited by Gorky was placed in the house, the writers were constantly going to the first plenum on the creation and congress of the Writers' Union.
In 1942 in utility premises The mansion of Ryabushinsky said with a large silence writer Alexey Tolstoy, where he spent the last years of life. Now there is a museum-apartment writer.

Later in the mansion of Ryabushinsky was the House of Foreign Affairs. In 1965, the Gorky Memorial Museum was opened in this house. "

And now, after historical reference, I will bring immediately without unnecessary words photos.

1. Before you go directly into the house, we walk a little on a small fruit garden in front of the house.

2. We go inside, take slippers, buy a ticket for a photo and go to the inspection of the mansion. Let's start with the front staircase - the key note of the interior. Unusual railing resembling a running wave are made of marble. They start from the lamp with a color stained glass lamp.

3. Ensharge with a staircase and beautiful color stained glass window on the 1st floor.

4. Cabinet Maxim Gorky.

5. Portrait of a writer, located directly at the beginning of the exposure.

6. We move to the living-dining room. There is a large window overlooking the garden. Stucco on the ceiling old furniture, curious the fact that the fireplace was already located here, which the writer asked to remove.

7. I give the old, pre-revolutionary photo of the living room is still with the fireplace. Very beautiful, sorry, it is no longer. It is good that everything else has been preserved.

8. Cabinet with objects from the Eastern Collection of Writer.

9. Bedroom room.

10. Elements of a wardrobe decorations in the bedroom. Over it can see another small stained glass window. On the walls Painting + beautiful decoration Ceiling. In general, the architect paid a lot of attention to the details. Elements of stucco, stained glass windows, parquet, wood carving on the doors - everything will not be noticed at once.

11. View of the front staircase from the second floor.

12. Exposure on the life of the writer on the second floor. It is less beautiful here - after Gorky, people lived here, partially repaired and changed the premises. Let's not stay here for a long time. In addition to the exposure, there is a nearby entrance to a small chapel (!) - There is beautiful, but I did not do photos, unfortunately. Also in the neighboring rooms there is an exhibition of paintings.

13. And again on the front staircase. This time is a view toward the stained glass with rain above the staircase.

14. Exposure items presented in rooms on the first floor. There are different things of a writer - pencils that he wrote, inks, scissors and many others.

15. Stunning ceiling in the library. Stucco in the form of flowers on trees, snails, beautiful painting by the window. By the way, the library is an extensive collection of books standing and to this day in the cabinets.

16. Collection of Chinese statuettes and fireplace in one of the premises of the mansion.

17. Windows on the second stairs. They have preserved pens of the beginning of the last century.

18. Lobby and main entrance to the mansion. We have a beautiful stained glass window with a scenery above our head, and the entrance to the corridor is decorated with steel slats in the shape of two mantis legs.
Alas, it was very dark and removed normally did not come out.

19. Once again we will take a photo of the lamp at the stairs.

20. We leave out. Alas, overcast, but we were very inspired by a museum visited. Very beautiful mansion and an interesting museum. Let's make a frame on the house, the garden and the church of the Ascension opposite.

21. Moving the road and remove the main facade of the house. Mansion Ryabushinsky is made in bright colors, walls are decorated with ceramic tiles
and Miolike with the image of bizarre orchids.

Thus, now anyone can wander around the rooms, climb the stairs, admiring the interior decoration. If you have not been here, I really advise you to do it. This blog continues the topic of visited buildings of the architect Shechor (the estate of the merchant Patriceev can be viewed