How to prepare an opening for an interlevel staircase. This mansion owner knows how to put every inch of the house to good use. Great idea! Storage system placement

To understand how best to arrange a wooden or metal structure to the second floor and use the space below it, you should figure out what structures exist in principle.

The staircase in an apartment or house differs in its configuration quite strongly. And depending on the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, one or another design is chosen for the second floor.

by the most simple option a wooden straight single-flight staircase with comfortable steps that carry out the ascent to the second floor without uncomfortable turns is considered. This design is characterized by large dimensions, but also great safety.

A variant of such a staircase design is also considered the easiest to create with your own hands. The most important and obvious disadvantage is its bulkiness. However, in order to save space in the house and not to burden the interior, various modifications of the structure are used. It may have a twist. Perfectly saves the space of the house, the option of a staircase structure to the second floor with a turn of 90 degrees. It can also be made at an angle of 180 degrees. The only nuance that should be taken into account is that in this case the structure will have to be equipped with winder steps, and this will slightly complicate the creation of stairs with your own hands.

Where and how to arrange the stairs to the second floor depends on its elements. Usually the design has steps, a frame and a railing. Frames may vary depending on the design of the stairs and the material of their manufacture. They are made in the form of stringers, bowstrings or support pillars, if these are spiral staircases.

The frame in the form of stringers is two beams in the form of a ladder, on which steps are installed. They can also be straight, in which case the steps are fixed to them with the help of fillies. Stringers in the form of a ladder are perhaps the most common option when creating wooden structure stairs. Such frames are the most ergonomic, so if you want to place a mid-flight ladder, then you need to use them in the design. However, it is important to keep in mind that they are less durable than, for example, bowstrings or braids with fillies. They are not suitable for large stairs.

A more compact design will be obtained by creating a flight of stairs on one central stringer. Usually it is made of metal. Span planning:

In addition to stringers, there is another option for fastening steps - bowstrings. This frame consists of two beams, usually made of wood, into which steps are inserted into specially made grooves. Stairs to the second floor on bowstrings take up a little more space than on stringers.

If there is not enough space in the house, then spiral staircases will be a good option. Their structures are equipped with winder steps leading to the rooms on the second floor along a pre-calculated radius. It is rather difficult to create it with your own hands, since a serious and complex calculation of the stairs in the house is required. But it is this option that is preferable to place in a house with a small area. Spiral staircases have another advantage over straight flight of stairs: they look very nice and can become a real decoration of the living space. A support column with winder steps fixed on it serves as a frame. Ideas on how to plan the layout of spans:

The ladder on the bolts is good combination positive qualities flight of stairs straight and spiral. This design is a marching version, the steps of which are attached to the bolts. Usually it does not have a frame or is equipped with it only on one side.

What to do when you want to save space small house and do so interesting option Do-it-yourself staircase designs to the second floor? You can pay attention to the design of the tree "duck step". It can be located even in very small spaces, because it allows you to combine safety and ease of lifting even with its steep slope. This is achieved due to the special structure of the steps, one part of which is created narrow and the other wide.

What determines the compactness of the ladder structure?

In addition to the competent choice of the construction option, the correct calculation of the stairs in the house, in which it will be reliable and compact, can help save interior space.

How convenient it will be to place it in the house depends on the angle of its inclination. The smaller it is, the more compact the design, but at the same time, the more dangerous it is to lift. The most comfortable angle of inclination is considered to be 30-40 degrees, but in this case the design of the flight of stairs will take up a lot of space. Alternatively, make it with a 90 degree angle and place it next to the wall. However, if you create a goose step staircase with your own hands, then it may well be located in the house at an angle of 55-60 degrees.

The width and height of the steps of the structure can also determine the convenience of the location of the stairs in the interior. But in this case, it is worth remembering that there are ideal parameters that determine the convenience of lifting. The optimal step height is 17 cm, and the width is 29 cm.

If you are going to place a straight flight of stairs in your house, you will need straight steps, which are very easy to do yourself. To save space, when spiral staircases or straight stairs to the second floor with a turn are more suitable, you will need to know how winder structures are made. These elements differ in that their width is not the same, and in shape they resemble a trapezoid.

The width of the flight of stairs should not be less than 80 cm. Optimal size is a width equal to 90-100 cm. Anything wider will eat up the usable space of the house. Too narrow a march will be inconvenient and not safe for climbing.

How to arrange the stairs in the house?

To understand how much space the structure will take, it is necessary to make a competent calculation of the stairs and find out how and where it is better to place it.

For example, screw structures with winder steps will occupy an area equal to its diameter.

When calculating, it is necessary to find out how many steps the structure will have. To do this, its height must be divided by the height of the steps. The height of the structure is equal to the sum of the distance from the floor to the ceiling of the first floor and the ceiling.

If the length of the staircase structure is too large, then it will be very difficult to fit it into the interior of the house. To do this, it will need to be divided into two parts and make a turn with winder steps or a platform. In this case, the length of the structure will be equal to the sum of the distance between the marches and the product of the number of lifting elements and their length. The calculation of the staircase with a turn also includes the width of the overall structure, which is the sum of the distance between its two parts. This distance should not be less than seven centimeters.

In total, you can understand how much the structure will take up space in the house and how best to arrange it, by calculating its area. To do this, the found values ​​\u200b\u200bin the form of length and width should be multiplied.

Naturally, it is more convenient to place the structure leading to the second floor in the hall of the house. However, not every home is spacious. If the hall is large, then the stairs in a private house can be made longer and wider. IN small space it is better to place it near the wall in the corner of the room. In this case good option in terms of ergonomics and interior design, the design on the bolts will become. It is fixed to the wall without taking up much space.

For those who consider the staircase not only in terms of convenience of location, but also the teachings of Feng Shui, you can also highlight some of the rules for its installation.

Firstly, the lifting structure should not be located in the center of the room and not in front of the entrance, but away from it. This is due to the fact that with this arrangement of the structure, energy flows can freely move around the country house.

Secondly, on the second floor, the structure should not rest against the door. In extreme cases, the door simply should not be closed.

Thirdly, Feng Shui experts advise placing the structure in the southwest, west or south. It is forbidden to build it in the northeast, which can provoke a loss of money.

If feng shui is not for you useful instruction, then in the center of the hall, screw structures will look especially good.

Usually the stairs leading to the second floor are located in the corridor. In the living room, it will look relevant only if the room is really large. Otherwise, it will take up useful space, which will make the room crowded. On the other hand, this does not apply to expensive and beautiful stairs, the purpose of which is to decorate the interior. The location of the building should be thought out to the smallest detail.

A lifting structure in an apartment is not common, but if the living space consists of two tiers, then you cannot do without it. In an apartment, it is better to use lightweight options that will save space as much as possible. Suitable ladders on the bolts or narrow march options on the stringers. It should fit perfectly into the interior of the apartment, since usually in such a living space the overall design is formed from each building or thing in the apartment.

With its location, it is important to consider the safety of the ascent. It is associated not only with correct calculation all its elements, but also in additional measures that need to be taken. For example, if the building will be located in a rather dark side of the house, then it is important to consider lighting. Although the best option will be its location by the window. In the evening, you can highlight the stairs led strip. It adds color to any interior.

When organizing the safety of stairs, it is important to consider the material from which it is made. For example, if the steps are made of metal or glass, then you can easily slip on them. Therefore, it is best to put special silicone liners on them. Wooden structures are often carpeted.

Usually, the free space under the stairs takes at least 2 m 2, and if the structure is swivel or there is still a platform of sufficient size on top, it can be used rationally and with great benefit by creating some kind of functional area there. Depending on the purpose of the object, there are many options for arranging the space under the stairs. In the article we will tell you about the main and most interesting ones.

Kitchen

Not everyone will decide to place a kitchen under the stairs. After all, in the process of arranging a working or dining area in such a place, you can encounter a number of problems. But to do this is quite realistic, given the many nuances at the stage of building a house and the general finishing of the entire room.

• Communications. Electricity, gas (if necessary), water supply, sewerage - they must be brought in advance, during the construction of the house. It is desirable that already at this stage you have a layout project kitchen furniture, because how to output engineering Communication needed in specific places. It is necessary to install a stove, sink, dishwasher. electrical wiring in the place where it is supposed to be placed working area, it is recommended to immediately dilute for sockets at a distance of about 110-115 cm from the floor at the points you need. If necessary, also provide additional lighting. Don't forget about stretching. We'll have to extend a ventilation duct into our area. If this does not work, you can use the hood without an air duct.
• Riser. It is necessary that they be present in the staircase structure. Open marches will contribute to the settling of dust flying from above on the kitchen surfaces.
• Staircase protection. During the use of kitchen equipment, the stairs will be exposed to adverse factors such as high humidity, temperature changes. This must be taken into account when choosing the material for the stairs and how it is finished and processed. It is also desirable that the design is easy to wash.

When arranging the space under the stairs, it is possible to place a kitchen with almost any type of layout.

Bar and wine racks

A real decoration of the living room can be a bar under the flight of stairs. It will elegantly fit into the interior, bring comfort and be a spectacular location at various receptions and buffets. Quite often, bottle-holders or showcases for storing a collection of wines are placed under the stairs.

Pantry

The place under the stairs can be successfully used for arranging a pantry. Various household trifles, objects will be conveniently located here. household, canned food. On special fasteners, you can place a vacuum cleaner, ironing board, mop, children's ice sled and even a small bicycle or scooter. The pantry can be open type or closed with a door.

Open structures are appropriate if they do not spoil appearance the premises into which the stairs descend, these can be utility rooms or not the main part of the corridor or hallway.

Closed pantries under the stairs can be located in the living room or hallway. Sometimes, as part of the overall interior design, the doors are decorated.

bathroom

The room under the stairs in a private house is quite suitable for placement there. If it's about country house, then this is a great idea to rationally use the space by placing, for example, a small shower there.

There are several requirements that must be met.

• The minimum parameters for placing a bathroom: 2.3 m (length) x 1.2 m (width) x 1 - 2.6 m (height). So, a march of 10 steps may be enough.

• Communications - water supply, sewerage, electricity - must be summed up in advance. A ventilation system is required. It is better to entrust its arrangement to specialists.

Wardrobe

This perfect solution in terms of space saving. Outerwear, seasonal items, shoe boxes, umbrellas, bags, hats do not always fit in wardrobes located in bedrooms and hallways, and a dressing room under the stairs will help make their storage as comfortable as possible.

This option involves closed structures with various combinations of elements. The internal configuration of the dressing room may include sections of different sizes and shapes. It could be shelves drawers, withdrawable sections, rods in one or two rows, baskets.

You can use one or two swing doors or a compartment. Choosing the latter option, a rectangular area should be allocated for the passage to the dressing area so that the doors can freely walk along the rails. you can also find on our website.

Resting-place

Within the free space, a lounge area will be successfully located. Using quality Decoration Materials, textiles and decor, you can create a magnificent cozy, stylish corner in which you can relax, read, chat with friends, listen to music and just dream about something. For maximum comfort, you should consider lighting modes and, possibly, provide for built-in musical equipment, niches or shelves for placing books or other items, depending on the hobbies and preferences of the owners. The location next to a window with a beautiful view will make the area completely magical.

Even the idea of ​​​​locating a mini-bedroom under the stairs is being realized.

Study

The option of placing a workplace here is very popular. Of course, it is not suitable for every room. It will not be very convenient within areas with high traffic. It is unlikely that it will be possible to retire and isolate oneself from the environment for quiet work. In such cases, a closed design with hinged doors or sliding partitions. The space will be small, but quite suitable for work, which can be a good solution to the problem of lack of free space.

small library

Shelving with books under the stairs will look chic. If the owners are connoisseurs of books and have a solid library, this design will allow you to conveniently place the collection, saving space and decorating, for example, the living room or hallway, if the staircase is located there. And since the depth of the shelves will be very small, the free space located behind the racks can be used for other purposes by arranging there, for example, a storage area for other items or a small closet.

Interesting design solutions with the placement of bookcases directly in the flights of stairs. The books form a sort of riser. But it is important to remember that this will not have the best effect on bindings and covers, and washing such a ladder will be very problematic.

Children's room

Everyone remembers Harry's famous little room in the closet under the stairs. Modern parents, of course, will not give their children a place in the closet, but equip them in the space under the stairs play area- Very good idea. A variety of possible different variants– from the simple with the location of the carpet and children's toys to the unique and amazing in their beauty and believability in detail fairy houses. Such a magical building will give the child a lot of ideas for games, will develop fantasy and imagination. However, do not forget that the location of the steps of the stairs next to the play space creates the need to provide for the protection of the child. for children is a must.

Place for pets

If you have pets, you can arrange a house for them in a niche under the stairs or sleeping area. Such a room does not require much space, so the pet house can be successfully combined with other functional areas within the same design.

Fireplace

A fireplace is not only functional, but also an amazingly beautiful interior object that can make any room cozy and very special. It can be positioned under flights of stairs, turntables and even built into free space inside a spiral staircase. To install a fireplace, you will naturally have to consider the location of the chimney. An excellent alternative to the standard one can be a bio-fireplace that runs on special fuel and does not require a chimney. Since the fire in both cases is real, during installation it will be necessary to comply with all necessary fire safety measures.

Garage for bicycles or strollers

A very good solution, especially if it is located in the immediate vicinity Entrance door. Bicycles can be hung on special fixtures to a wall or a flight of stairs, which makes their storage as comfortable as possible and greatly simplifies cleaning.

mini greenhouse

A small winter garden or flower garden located under the stairs can become a real paradise. As part of the flight of your imagination, a wide variety of options are possible - from the arrangement of single plants to amazingly complex compositions with original decor and magical waterfalls.

Aquarium

The location of the aquarium under the flights of stairs is a very effective interior solution. Such a detail will give a living room, hallway or dining room a special flavor. After all, in front of us behind the glass is an amazing, colorful, unique and living little universe.

Decor or exhibition

If there is no need to functionally use the space under the stairs, you can simply decorate it in an original way. Paintings, shelving with photographs, figurines and other interior items can be located here. In the case when one of the owners is a collector, the collected items can be placed in showcases under the stairs, of course, if their dimensions allow it. A niche under a flight of stairs can also be an excellent place for an exhibition of works of art by household members.

Most often, you can find tips on how to use the space under the stairs (see), but the possibility of using the space above it should not be ruled out. Take a closer look at your stairs. It often happens that the height above it is quite enough to increase the area of ​​​​the house by arranging a whole room on the second (last) floor - a room above the stairs. To do this, it is necessary to block the staircase above free space first floor.

Ladder floor scheme

An increase in the area of ​​​​the house on the second floor within the stairwell may be possible if the staircase has one of the following three shapes:

1. One-march straight line;
2. With winder steps;
3. With a short first march and an intermediate platform.

It should be borne in mind that the height of the room (h) created in the walls of the flight of stairs will be determined by the height of the floor (1. Single-flight stairs), or the distance between the level of the second floor and the corner step (2. Stairs with winders), or between the level second floor and platform (3. Stairs with an intermediate platform):

Here real example considered method of expanding the living space. Owner of this country house with a straight single-flight interfloor staircase, he carved out an entire children's room, placing it in the free volume of the staircase.

room above the stairs

In conclusion, it is important to note that when implementing the proposed idea, the device of the bearing floor should be carried out exclusively in strict accordance with its strength calculation.

The stairway is a kind of window in the interfloor ceilings. From this review, you will learn about the types of openings for stairs, the features of their calculation and device.

4 types of openings for stairs

For comfortable, safe movement, it is necessary to choose the optimal parameters of the stairwell.

The design of the gap in the ceiling that completes the rise can be very different. It depends on the configuration of the stairs, design solutions. According to the shape of the ceiling holes are classified as follows:

1. Rectangular. On the picture standard version, it is most often chosen by owners of private houses. Design and execution in this case is the least complicated. The length of the opening varies depending on the configuration and dimensions of the flight of stairs. The ease of use of the staircase structure depends on the correctly selected parameters of the opening.
2. Semicircular. Suitable for marching ascents, and for screw. Our range also includes stairs suitable for this opening:
   Spiral staircase"Prestige" - perfect option for small openings. Our company offers this product at a price of 73.691 thousand rubles.
3. Non-standard. The whole variety of forms falls under this definition. Their implementation, as a rule, is not caused by the impossibility of using standard solutions but by the creative flight of the designer's imagination. Creating an opening in the form of a trapezoid or a polyhedron is not easy, but if the result is most important, then you should think about this option.

   
   Creating an opening of a non-standard shape, as in 4 photos, is not easy and only a specialist can do it

Opening size calculation

The calculation of the area for the construction of a staircase has its own characteristics. When performing it, the layout of the first and second floors is taken into account. The site for the installation of the stairs is determined in advance and the boundaries for the opening device are outlined. You can learn a lot of useful information about the calculation of the staircase itself and the opening under it when watching this video:

If the stairs lead to the attic or to one room, then an opening 0.6-0.7 m wide is enough. When you need an exit to a hall that combines several rooms, then for convenient movement you need an opening width of at least 0.8 m.

Features of calculating the dimensions of the opening in the ceiling are as follows:

1. First you need to design the staircase itself - determine the number of steps, slope, geometry.
   

   Here you can not do without calculating the following parameters:

   • span height;
   • the width of the stairs;
   • structure length;
   • riser height;
   • tread depth.
2. Based on the height of the span and the size of the steps, it is determined which step will be at the level of the upper floor. For this, a special algorithm is used:
   • determine the distance between the floor and the floor, for which the thickness of the floor is subtracted from the interval between the floor of the first floor and the floor of the second;
   • one step height is subtracted from the result in succession;
   • stop when the result is less than 2 m, which means that the number of steps taken will fit under the floor, and the rest will go beyond the opening.
3. If it is planned to install a turning staircase, then the width of the opening is determined by the level of winding turning steps, and the length is equal to the length of 2 marches. A hatch for a straight staircase will be large due to the lack of a turn. For a helical structure, the opening is equal to the circumference of the stairs.
   

   
   Straight staircase "Solo" from our company takes up a lot of space and is designed for large openings. Price 70.858 thousand rubles.

Arrangement of a staircase

Opening device technology different types overlappings differ in varying degrees of complexity

It is best when the location of the stairs is already taken into account in the design of the house. Then the opening in the floor is left during the construction process, but it happens that you want to change the project or you decide to install the stairs in a completely different place, then everything has to be done in the already mounted floor.

Successful resolution of the issue depends on the following 4 factors:

This video will help you determine the parameters of the stairs:

Staircase in the wooden floor of the house in 4 steps

The easiest way is to make an opening in a wooden floor, although there are some nuances here. If the distances between load-bearing beams enough for his device, then no problems arise, but if there is not enough space, then the procedure is as follows:

1. Remove the floor and ceiling covering along the contour corresponding to the future opening.
2. Cut 1 or 2 beams in the place allotted for the opening, but no more, otherwise the floor will lose its bearing capacity.
3. Mount paired beams, the same size as the main ones. They are needed in order to attach 2 more to them to form an opening. To strengthen the structure, transverse bars are added, the cross section of which is equal to the cross section of the main beams.
4. All elements are interconnected using a metal corner profile and self-tapping screws. If the opening is adjacent to brick wall, then one side of the beam is attached to it.

Hole in concrete slab

The opening under the stairs in the concrete floor is best left during the construction of the house. In size, it will correspond to a standard reinforced concrete slab.

The staircase usually occupies a smaller area, so after equipping the opening, the remaining space is concreted. Technological process consists of 8 operations:

To make the metal frame invisible, it is mounted 2-3 cm higher in relation to the lower edge of the slab. When the mortar is poured into the formwork, it will flow under the profile and hide the frame. To prevent the cement from peeling off, short metal pins are welded to the lower part of the profile, and a plaster mesh is attached to them.

If, when designing a house, the issue of arranging an opening for a staircase was missed, then it can be done independently using a powerful grinder, a puncher and other auxiliary tools. You only need to do it at the junction of the plates, otherwise you will weaken the overlap, and the consequences can be the most unpredictable.

You need to act according to the following scheme:

Since the floor slabs will have to withstand the weight of the stairs and the monolithic section, it is possible to make an opening in the above way only for narrow stairs. It is unacceptable to arrange an opening under wide massive stairs using this method.

To obtain an excellent end result, accurate calculations and adherence to basic rules are necessary. The opening in the ceiling is an unsafe design, so its installation should be approached with all seriousness. If you do not have experience, please contact us. Our professional team will help you with advice, if necessary, perform calculations, select best option opening for the stairs you like.

I started building stairs in my house without suspecting that carpenters have a whole theory dedicated to this matter. Somehow I didn’t see anything particularly complicated in this matter - steps and steps, I wouldn’t fail and not stumble, well, exactly so that it was beautiful. Actually, I did it that way, for my own reasons. Later, a neighbor, looking at my work, was surprised that such constructions themselves, if only someone did not, that is, for this work it is necessary to hire a specialist, and not only what kind. Nevertheless, everything turned out, in my opinion, not bad.

To make it clearer what the photo is about, what was conceived and what happened in the end.

For the height and width of each step I tried to take standard sizes in a reinforced concrete flight of stairs - 15: 30 cm (as in the steps of the porch). In this case, with a ceiling height of 2.5 meters, the length of my stairs along the floor (projection) turned out to be 5 meters. Such a long span would have to be stretched across the entire first floor and at the same time lay one of the windows.

I had to calculate everything from the possible dimensions, and here, too, there was a difficulty: the staircase was planned not to be straight, but with two 45 ° turns. The walls of the flight of stairs were measured. From the lengths of the walls, the length of the stairs along the midline was calculated. Further, the calculation was based on the fact that in the middle of the flight of stairs the step of the steps would be the same. In the calculation, this step turned out to be quite small, with a step height of 17 cm, only 22 cm. To increase the step area, they were made with an overhang of 2-3 cm. As a result, the step turned out to be 24-25 cm wide

Later, when describing this topic, I found a book, from it → Wooden stairs. Main settings

For the horizontal part of the steps used batten with grooves 35 mm thick, remaining from the installation of a wooden floor. For a flight of stairs 90 cm wide, this thickness is not enough, and if the steps were made without a riser, then the deflection of such boards would be too great. This must be taken into account for those who wish to construct a staircase only from horizontal boards, as in the next photo.

Load in the middle of a wooden staircase with risers.

Related words wooden stairs→ march, ladder height, riser, tread, steepness and slope, march width, bowstring, stringer, step angle, winder steps.

To understand how the staircase went through the ceiling, you can return to the page → Interfloor overlap. It is noted there that the floor beams were immediately mounted taking into account the future stairs.