Reading min. Views 1k. Published on 07/19/2016

plant care guide

Once every 2 years, in August 10-15 - in winter, spring and during flowering, after flowering it is better to take it out to the balcony During flowering, abundant watering so that the soil is always moist, after flowering - watering is reduced Bright ambient lighting

Lighting

Primrose prefers bright, but at the same time diffused lighting.

For primrose, window sills facing west or east are perfect. There will not be enough light on the north side, and on the south window the scorching sun can leave burns on the leaves.

The flower can grow in partial shade and even in the shade, but the lack of lighting will affect the duration of its flowering. If you keep the plant in bright but diffused sunlight, it can bloom from February to July, subject to abundant watering and no overheating.

After flowering, the plant begins a dormant period. At this time, it does not form new leaves and peduncles, but the old leaves do not fade. At this time, it is best to move the flower to a less lit place, keep it in partial shade. In winter, you need to put it on the north window sill closer to the glass to provide partial shade when low temperature. Before flowering, the lighting is gradually increased.

Temperature

The optimum temperature for primrose in winter and spring, during the flowering period, will be 10-15 degrees. If the temperature rises higher, this has a negative effect on flowering: flowers can fall off quickly, and the flowering period itself is very shortened.

An exception is the type of "back-conical primrose" - it is thermophilic, and for normal development it needs a temperature of 16-20 degrees.

Watering

During flowering, primrose should be watered abundantly. It is important to ensure that the soil in the pot is always slightly damp..

At the same time, overflow should not be allowed: stagnation of water in the soil can provoke rotting of the root system.

After flowering, watering is somewhat reduced. The next moistening is carried out a few days after the topsoil has dried.

For irrigation, it is optimal to use rain or melt water at room temperature. In extreme cases - defended for several days. When watering the plant, do not allow water to get on the leaves: this can cause them to rot.

The soil

Primrose soil should not be very nutritious, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. You can buy a ready-made substrate for geraniums or flowering indoor plants and add some sand to it.

You can also make your own mixture. In this case, you need to mix peat, sand, leaf and sod land in equal proportions.

Before planting, the earth mixture should be disinfected by spilling a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

The pot must be selected with holes for draining. At its bottom, it is important to lay a good drainage layer, consisting of expanded clay, clay shards or polystyrene.

Fertilizer

Top dressing of primroses begins with the appearance of the first buds and continues until the end of flowering.

It is optimal to use liquid mineral fertilizers for flowering plants for primrose. In this case, the concentration indicated on the package should be halved. The frequency of top dressing is once every 2 weeks.

Can be applied to the soil once during the flowering period organic fertilizer- a solution of bird droppings. After flowering, when the plant is at rest, it is usually not fed. But a single application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil is useful for increasing leaf mass during the growing season. For this purpose, liquid fertilizers for deciduous plants or a 0.1% solution of ammonium nitrate are suitable.

Humidity

Primrose is not particularly demanding on air humidity, however, when kept in a room with dry and hot air, measures will need to be taken to increase humidity. Otherwise, the tips of the leaves will dry out.

To ensure favorable conditions, you can place containers of water around the plant.. Evaporating, it will increase the humidity. Another option is to place the pot in a tray filled with damp sphagnum, expanded clay, or pebbles.

Primrose leaves should not be sprayed, because from excessive moisture they begin to deteriorate and rot.

Diseases

Now let's look at how to care for primrose at home during a plant disease.

When not proper care primrose can be affected by fungal diseases, leading to rotting of the root system, and viral, causing stunting, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Appropriate fungicides should be used to control them.

Aphids, spider mites, thrips can pose a danger to primrose.

1. Growing temperature: even during the period of active growth, the flower needs coolness - primrose blooms best at a temperature of 13 - 16 ° C, the dormant period should take place in an even cooler room at a temperature of about 10 ° C.

2. Lighting: in spring and summer, it is worth protecting the primrose from direct sun, direct sunlight in the evening and in the morning, in autumn and winter, maximum light.

3. Watering and humidity: plentiful and regular lower watering during the period of growth and budding should be replaced by a limited introduction of moisture after flowering and as the green mass dies off. Humidity is high.

4. Peculiarities: primrose can be used for forcing - getting a live blooming bouquet for any desired holiday.

5. Priming: Well-drained, nutritious and acidic or neutral substrate with lots of organic matter.

6. top dressing: in spring and summer with fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus or organic matter. During the dormant period, top dressing is stopped until new growth begins.

7. reproduction: division during transplantation, seeds, pruning of peduncles.

Botanical name: Primula.

Primrose flower - family . Primroses.

plant homeland. Asia, Europe.

Description. Primula or primrose is a very pleasant perennial herbaceous plant striking variety of shades of colors.

Plants form a root sheet rosette.

Leaves light green, elliptical or lanceolate. Leaf petioles, depending on the variety, may be quite long or absent altogether. The leaf blade may have small teeth along the edge or be entire. The leaf veins are distinct and often deeply recessed into the surface of the leaves. The upper side of the leaves often has a sparse pubescence. The underside of the leaf plates of some varieties is painted in a lighter shade.

During the flowering period, the plant throws out peduncles that bear on top of several brightly colored flowers. The height of the peduncles varies greatly depending on the particular variety - it can range from 1 to 25 - 30 cm. The shades of the flowers include almost the entire color gamut. There are plants with buds painted in 2 - 3 different shades. The center of the flowers is often yellow or orange.

After flowering on the bushes appear seed pods with very small brown seeds.

Many varieties of primrose emit a distinctly perceptible pleasant aroma during flowering.

Currently, many varieties of this plant are known, differing in flower color, flowering time, height of peduncles, color and shape of leaves, there are re-blooming varieties.

Height. 20 - 30 cm.

2.Primula - planting and care in the open field

Plants are planted in open ground spring or autumn with seedlings. Bushes suitable for planting in the garden second year of life.

Timing autumn planting it is worth observing such that the flower has time to adapt to new conditions for itself before the onset of frost. In the spring, the flower is planted in the garden when the threat of night frost has passed.

Well-lit or semi-shady areas, closed from strong gusts of wind, are selected for growing primrose. Plants grown in open ground, must be protected from direct sun during the daytime - it is better that the flower bathed in sunlight in the morning and in the evening.

Varieties that have tall peduncles, it is better to place in those places of the garden that will be protected from rain moisture - heavy rainfall leads to the loss of the attractive appearance of such plants.

Since the bushes are small in size, when planting, you can maintain a distance between the holes equal to 20 - 30 cm. As a general rule - the larger the plants, the less often they need to be planted.

Flowers are placed depending on the planting pattern - both singly and in groups. Planting holes are prepared in such a way that their depth and height 2 times the root ball primrose bushes.

At the bottom of the planting holes make a small drainage layer of river sand. A layer of compost is placed on the drainage, which will nourish the flower. The flower does not like strongly acidic substrates, so the earth can first be mixed with dolomite flour or shed with lime milk to adjust the pH level.

Heavy loams are loosened with river sand, and poor soils are enriched. superphosphate.

The flower is taken out of the shipping container along with the root ball and placed in the center of the hole. In a circle, it is sprinkled with prepared earth.

After planting, the flowers are watered abundantly and surrounded by a thin layer. mulch, which will help maintain high soil moisture. The height of the mulch can be as low as 2 - 3 cm.

If on spring nights, after planting primrose, the air temperature will tend to 5°C and below, then the plants shelter for the night non-woven agricultural material.

Further care of the plants will be reduced to timely watering, periodic feeding and weeding.

Feeding is starting to take place snow- fertilizer granules are poured directly onto the melting snow cover. The second feeding is carried out after 3 weeks- on wet ground after snow melting. The last fertilization is done after flowering.

If in autumn the bushes begin to form flower stalks, then they are worth delete- repeated flowering takes away strength from the primrose and it will be more difficult to endure frosts.

When grown in middle lane in the middle of autumn, before the onset of frost, the root system of flowers is covered with an additional layer of mulch. From above, the plants are sprinkled with fallen leaves or covered with spruce branches - the height of such a layer can reach up to 7 - 10 cm.

It is not worth using plastic wrap or agromaterial for shelter - in spring, flowers can fade in spring.

If the winters in the region are distinguished by sufficient snow cover, then adult plants successfully hibernate at all. no shelter.

3.Landscape use

Compact size, a variety of bud colors, a delicate aroma and unpretentiousness made the primrose a very popular plant among flower growers. By choosing varieties and varieties with different flowering periods, you can get a lush flower garden that pleases the eye for a long period of time - from early spring to autumn. Primula looks great as a border plant, in group plantings. The flower can be grown in pots and with their help decorate gazebos and the entrance to the room.

4.1. Reproduction - growing from seeds

The primrose reproduces quite easily by seeds, leaf cuttings, segments of peduncles and by dividing large specimens during transplantation.

Use for breeding primrose seeds of own collection should not be - the plants obtained from them will not correspond to the varietal characteristics of the parent bushes. When buying seeds in flower shops, you should pay attention for expiration dates- over time, the germination of planting material decreases.

Sowing seed spend late winter or spring.

1. Special greenhouses are suitable for planting - plastic boxes with drainage holes and a transparent lid.
2. Drainage holes are made at the bottom of the greenhouses and a moisture-wicking layer of expanded clay or foam balls is poured. The height of such a layer can be 1 - 2 cm.
3. Greenhouses are filled with a nutritious soil mixture.
4. The surface of the soil is moistened with water at room temperature using a spray gun.
5. Since the seeds are quite small and difficult to evenly distribute on the surface of the soil, a toothpick can be used for sowing. It is very convenient to pick up planting material with the wet tip of a toothpick. You can also pre-mix the seeds with an equal amount of river sand for uniform sowing.
6. Seeds are slightly pressed into the ground and do not cover with earth from above.
7. Crops are sprayed and covered with a lid to create a greenhouse effect or tightened with plastic wrap.
8. For the period of cool stratification, boxes with crops are placed in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator, where they should be kept for 3 to 4 weeks. Stratification is not required for primrose finely toothed and ordinary.
9. Next, the seedlings are placed in a well-lit, but closed from direct sun place with a temperature of about 15 - 18 ° C.
10. Airing is carried out daily, lifting the cap and removing water condensate from it. With the advent of the first sprouts, the shelter is completely removed.

Young plants develop slowly.

When every bush can boast 2 - 3 true leaf blades- plants are planted in separate cups - dive. Dive is carried out carefully, minimally disturbing the root system of the flower.

Through 10 - 14 days plants are watered with a very weak solution mineral fertilizer with a high nitrogen content.

The first buds will decorate specimens grown from seeds after 2 - 3 years.

Division carried out in the spring - this is the easiest way to propagate, among other things, division will help rejuvenate plants.Each resulting delenka should have its own leaves and well-developed roots. Division can be subjected to plants at the age of 3 - 4 years.

1. When transplanting, the flower is taken out of the pot and shaken off the remnants of the old substrate.
2. The plant is inspected and the place of separation of the outlets is determined. Most often, it is enough to pull the bushes in different directions, but sometimes you need to use a pruner.
3. After dividing, the root system is powdered with wood ash or crushed coal to dry the disinfection.
4. Delenki are planted in small pots and placed in partial shade for several days.
5. For young plants, it is worth increasing the humidity of the air, but you should not rush with watering. The ingress of moisture into the wounds in the root system will provoke the appearance of rot.

When each division gives the first leaf after transplantation, then it will be possible to say that the plant has successfully undergone division and is starting new roots. Rooting is usually successful within 2 weeks.

Sometimes, in order to get a separate bush, it is enough cut an axillary shoot from the mother bush- a leaf blade with a bud and a heel (part of the main stem). To reduce moisture loss in such shoots during rooting, the leaf blade is shortened by half the length.

For breeding leaf cuttings during the period of active growth, a large and healthy leaf blade is chosen in the center of the outlet.

Later 2 - 3 weeks signs of new growth can be seen at the base of the cuttings. As they develop, such bushes roll over into slightly larger pots and through 1 - 2 weeks after transshipment feed weak fertilizer solution.

Primula also breeds stem cuttings.

4.2. How to transplant primrose

When grown outdoors every 3 - 5 years worth carrying outa seat. The fact is that during this period the bushes will share and they will become closely, which means the struggle for nutrients will begin and this will affect flowering.

When transplanting, the plants are divided into several parts and seated in different places. Each section must be composed of 3 - 7 outlets Primrose grows better in groups. If you do not divide the transplantation of such plants, then after a few years their leaves will begin to shrink, and flowering will become scarce.

Transplanting at home should be done every year - the soil in the pot is depleted too quickly and cannot nourish the plants for a long time.

Many types of primrose are kept at home as annuals and do not need to be transplanted - after flowering, such bushes are planted outside.

Transplantation time depends on the time of flowering - it is best to transplant after new growth but before bud formation.

Large plants are transplanted into slightly cramped pots. every 2 - 3 years. Young flowers are transferred to slightly larger containers as they develop, usually annually. You should not offer the flower spacious containers - flowering in such conditions will be less plentiful, and the plants may develop root rot.

It is also worth transplanting purchased in the store bushes - usually cheap, nutrient-poor peat is used for their cultivation.

After purchase within 1 - 2 weeks the flower is given time to adapt to new conditions, and then spend transshipment, move the flower along with the root ball. The fact is that plants are often sold in stores already with flowers and buds, and they will not tolerate transplanting well.

The primrose root system does not like to be disturbed unnecessarily - use transshipment.

If the plant looks unhealthy and there are signs of damage to the root system or root rot, then it is worth conducting transplant.

The fact is that during transplantation, the root system of the flower is thoroughly cleaned of the remnants of the old soil - this allows assess her condition and get rid of old and rotten roots.

The roots are cut with a sharp sterile instrument and the wound surface is sprinkled with crushed charcoal powder or wood ash. Such specimens are planted only in a new soil mixture, in sterilized pots.

1. To keep the flower, cramped plastic pots with drainage holes are selected.
2. A moisture-removing layer of expanded clay, clay shards or broken bricks is placed at the bottom of the pots. Also, as a drainage layer, you can use pieces of foam or river pebbles.
3. Fill the pots with a nutrient substrate, leaving a place for a flower in the center.
4. The plant is placed in the center of the container so that after planting it is at the same depth as it was grown in the previous container.
5. On the sides of the root ball, sprinkle with fresh earth mixture, which is then lightly rammed. The surface of the substrate should be 1 - 2 cm below the walls of the pot.
6. The transplanted flower is watered and placed in shade from direct sun for a week.
7. Do not rush to feed - there is enough in fresh soil nutrients and the bush will not experience a shortage of them for 2 to 3 weeks.

4.3 Useful properties of primrose

Interestingly, the primrose is not only a valuable flowering, but also medicinal plant. The composition of the flower includes many useful substances - including vitamin C, carotene or vitamin A. Essential oil is obtained from the roots of the primrose, and the leaves are used fresh for food - added to various salads. It is believed that the flower has expectorant properties and is often used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, also a decoction of primrose is used for insomnia. In diseases of the urinary system, primrose is used as a diuretic plant, and due to the high content of ascorbic acid, it is recommended to use it during colds and flu. It is believed that the flower is able to alleviate the condition with rheumatism and partially relieves headaches.

4.4.When it blooms

The specific flowering period depends on the variety of primrose and the conditions of its maintenance.

At good care primroses at home are capable re-bloom during the season. The second wave of flowering is usually less abundant.

The flowering period lasts up to 1.5 months and its onset can be adjusted using air temperature, lighting and frequency of irrigation.

If desired, primrose can be used for distillation, receiving a beautiful live bouquet by the desired date - for example, by March 8.

When growing in open ground this flower forms buds one of the first.

Often straight from under the snow plants come out with open flowers - such early flowering is distinguished by spring primrose.

IN April primrose Voronova, p. Julia and high will bloom. IN May form buds primrose ear, ordinary.

In second half of May - early June- primrose pink and mealy.

IN midsummer the baton of flowering passes to the primrose of Sikkimese and Florinda.

4.5 Diseases and pests

From harmful insects spider mites, aphids, weevils, nematodes, whiteflies, thrips, caterpillars can attack the flower. When grown outdoors, snails and slugs can encroach on the flower.

Insects - pests

insect name	Signs of infection	Control measures
	Small bright dots on leaf blades, yellowing and falling leaves. Disturbed white, small butterflies take off from the surface of the leaves	Chemicals: Zeta, Rovikurt, INTA-VIR, Fufanol and even Karbofos, Aktellik, Aktara, Confidor, Commander, Tanrek. Folk remedies: soap solution, garlic solution, yarrow and tobacco infusion, dandelion infusion, sticky traps for adult insects
	Leaf blades turn yellow in places located between the veins, then turn brown, black. Eventually the leaves fall off the plants. When the root system is damaged, the plant becomes weak and withers before our eyes for no apparent reason.	Folk methods: destruction of infected parts of plants, abundant watering hot water with a temperature of about 70°C, hot tub- immersion of the pot in a large container with water at a temperature of 55 ° C for 20 minutes. Chemicals: anthelmintic drugs.
	Inconspicuous cobwebs on the leaves, yellowing and falling of foliage with extensive damage. The surface of the leaf plates becomes dead and covered with small cracks. Plant development slows down.	Folk ways . Plants can be washed in the shower and left in the bathroom in a humid atmosphere for half an hour. Irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp every week for 2 minutes. Chemicals based on pyrethrum, sulfur powders, Fitoverm, Aktellik.
	Sticky droplets appear on the leaf blades, leaf blades curl and deform, tender buds and young leaves wither. On the tops of the shoots, buds or the underside of the leaf plates, insect colonies can be seen. The flowers of an aphid-infested plant may become misshapen.	Folk ways: nettle infusion, decoction of rhubarb leaves, wormwood, soap solution, tobacco and dandelion infusion, onion, marigold, yarrow, tansy, wood ash dusting. Chemicals: Sulfur powders, treatment with green potassium soap of green mass without getting into the ground, Decis, Aktellik, Fitoverm.
	The appearance of yellow spots on the leaf plates, small brown dots can be observed on the underside of the leaves. When spreading, pests cause the leaves to turn yellow, dry and fall off.	Folk ways. Increase the humidity of the air, wipe the surface of the leaves with soapy water to reduce the number of pests. Preparations based on pyrethrum - 2-fold treatment with an interval of 7-10 days, spraying with tobacco infusion, infusion of yarrow or Persian chamomile, decoction of cyclamen tubers. Chemicals: dusting with sulfur powders, the use of anabasin - sulfate in a soapy solution.
	Through holes in the leaf blades, skeletonized leaves, eaten edges of the leaves, cobwebs and cocoons on the leaves.	Mechanical control measures: manual collection and destruction, the installation of trapping belts and the installation of pheromone traps. Folk ways: spraying with a decoction of yarrow, potato tops, infusions of tobacco, wormwood and garlic, fumigation with smoke. Chemical and biological agents: biological agents - Fitoverm, Entobacterin, insecticidal preparations - Actellik, Iskra, Aktara, Karate, Inta - Vir, Fufanon, Karbofos.
	Small teeth appear along the edges of the leaf plates, leaves and shoots of plants lose turgor	Folk ways: transplant with complete replacement of the substrate. The surface of the soil can be covered with plastic wrap for several days in order to prevent adult insects from getting there to lay eggs. Adult insects are easy to collect by hand at night. Spraying with a decoction of hot pepper. Chemicals: Bona Forte; Fitoverm; Actellik; Fufanon-Nova; Aktar; Kinmiks.
Snails, slugs	Through holes on the leaf blades, traces of mucus on the surface of the leaves.	Folk ways: manual collection of harmful insects, dusting the leaves of plants with mustard and hot pepper, wood ash mixed with baking soda, tobacco dust. Chemicals: superphosphate granules, copper preparations, Thunderstorm, Slug-eater, Anti-slug, Meta.

• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  
• 
  



4.6. Soil for primrose

The substrate must contain maximum amount of organic matter in the form of peat, sod and leaf humus, well-rotted manure.

To increase the moisture capacity, a small amount is mixed into the ground for primrose. sphagnum moss.

The finished substrate for the flower must have acidic or neutral pH. Components such as small pieces of pine bark or pine needles will help maintain the required level of acidity.

To improve drainage, add coarse river sand or special additives that can be purchased at a flower shop - perlite or vermiculite.

The soil should easily pass moisture and allow the root system to breathe.



4.7.Home maintenance, pruning

Even beginners can grow room primrose - she does not require careful maintenance. The main difficulty in keeping a flower is keeping cool during the flowering period.

In a timely manner remove faded flowers to prolong the flowering period. Also subject to pruning old leaves, which from time to time will appear at the base of the leaf rosette.

Pruning is carried out with a sharply sharpened pruner, removing the leaves as close to the base as possible.

In bushes growing in open ground remove leaf blades autumn do not do it- they will protect the root system from freezing. Sanitary pruning is carried out only in the spring.




Take out the plants outside in the warm season, placing pots of flowers in shade from the sun, as well as protected from heavy rainfall and strong wind place.

In autumn, you can take your time to bring the flower back into the room - a primrose in a pot will easily endure short frosts at night. The diurnal temperature difference, which often occurs in autumn days, can provoke a second wave of flowering.

Do not place the flower near working heating systems.

4.8. Forcing primrose

Primrose can be used indoors as distillation plant and get a flowering bush for any holiday.

For forcing a plant dig in autumn together with a clod of earth and transplanted into right size pot.

The bushes are kept in a cool and relatively dry room at a temperature 0 - 2 °С- you can even leave it outside in the fall, covering it from excess moisture.

In the second half of January temperature is raised to 8 - 12°C, and with the appearance of the first signs of new growth, watering and fertilizing are resumed.

The specific timing of flowering will depend on the variety, so it is worth adapting to forcing for 2 - 3 years.

After flowering, the bush is again planted in open ground and it will be possible to pick them up for re-forcing only after 2 - 3 years. During this time, the plants have time to work up useful substances and are again ready for the onset of lush flowering.



4.9. Watering primrose

Keep the soil evenly moist but not waterlogged during growth and budding.

Between waterings in spring and summer, dry only a fairly thin top layer of soil with a thickness of about 1cm. If in winter period the plant is kept cool - reduce the frequency of watering to a minimum.

The primrose does not like stagnant moisture - the excess amount of water that has come out after watering in the pan is drained after a few minutes.

It is advisable to use bottom irrigation by immersing the pot with the plant for a few minutes in a large container of water - this way water droplets will not fall into the leaf outlet.

It is impossible to constantly apply lower irrigations, since as a result of them, a redistribution of nutrients in the thickness of the soil may occur.




Every second watering watering cans with a long and narrow spout, allowing you to bring moisture directly into the soil without falling on the leaves.

For irrigation, use water at room temperature, previously separated from chlorine and calcium salts within 1 - 2 days. Plants respond well to watering rain or melt water.

IN autumn months, as the air temperature drops, the water temperature can also be reduced - this will encourage the flower to go into a dormant state.

Every month, you can add some kind of water to the water for irrigation. acid(lemon, aspirin) or defend it with a cloth bag filled with peat.

Irrigation is recommended in the morning or evening.



4.10. top dressing

Every 2 weeks feed plants during the growing season with a liquid flowering plant fertilizer high in potassium and phosphorus. Excessive amounts of nitrogen in fertilizers will cause bushes to grow leaf rosettes to the detriment of bud formation. Fertilizers can be diluted to half the dose recommended on the package.

Apply mineral fertilizers in a well-drained substrate- in dry soil, a concentrated solution, falling on the root system, can cause it to burn.




Primroses respond well to organic top dressing, however, you can’t overdo it with organic matter - it has a lot of nitrogen. As organic top dressing, slurry or humus is used.

All organic matter used for feeding should be well rotted - fresh organic matter can only harm the flower.

In the autumn period, the frequency of top dressing is gradually reduced and in winter months stop feeding the bushes. They begin to fertilize with the advent of new, young leaves in late winter or early spring.



4.11 Lighting

Place the primrose in a brightly lit area with plenty of reflected sun rays . From the direct sun, it is better to shade the plant - the sun's rays can greatly reduce the flowering time.

Bushes can bathe in the sun's rays in the morning and evening - before sunset, prolonged exposure to the sun during the daytime in spring and summer is not desirable.

With a lack of lighting, flowering may be too meager.



The most suitable for a flower will be windows east and west side. On south window sill primrose is protected from direct sun with a light curtain. On north the flower will need to organize competent artificial lighting.

As light sources in rooms, you can successfully use fluorescent or LED bulbs, as well as specially designed phytolamps with a red-blue spectrum.



4.12 Growing conditions - temperature

Primula indoor does not like high temperatures and prefers cool content at a temperature 13 - 16°C even during the growing season. With more high temperature flowering time is drastically reduced. Since early spring is during the flowering period, the flower can simply be taken out to the balcony, where the air temperature is just in the range of 10 - 15 ° C.

Temperatures may rise after flowering up to 18 - 23°C- when kept in a humid atmosphere and adequate watering flower easily tolerate this temperature.

During the winter months, plants require a cool dormant period at temperatures around 10°C.



When grown outdoors, this delicate herbaceous perennial can survive severe and prolonged frosts, reaching -30 ° C.

Primrose primroses are kept in cooler conditions, and blooming in summer varieties can be placed in a fairly warm room.

Primrose inverse conical requires sufficiently warm conditions and is kept at a temperature from 16 to 20°C during the period of active growth and flowering.



4.13. Spraying primrose

Maintain high humidity by placing the primrose container on pallet with wet pebbles or use room humidifier.

Any good humidifier container with water or a small decorative pond or fountain - this will be especially true if the flower is in a cool place.

Give the plant good air movement, periodically airing the room where the flower is located. You should not place the plant near working radiators, but cold drafts are most often not afraid of this flower.



4.14 Purpose

A small but very bright decorative flowering plant, great for landscaping balconies and terraces and for cultivation as a house flower.

The compact size of the bushes allows amass an impressive collection plants in confined spaces.

The bright color of the flowers will catch the eye both when grown in the garden and when kept in homes.

Primrose will become a real decoration of the site at a time when few plants have swollen buds and the landscape remains gray and dull.

By combining various kinds primroses, which bloom at different times, can be obtained blooming flower bed over a long period of time - from spring to autumn.





4.15.Note, interesting facts

poisonous for pets - keep the bushes out of the reach of pets. The plant is allergenic and should be kept with caution by people prone to allergic reactions. Even the Vikings believed that primrose flowers are the keys to the goddess of fertility and agriculture, Freya, and with the help of this plant, she opens the gates of spring. In ancient Greece, plants were used as medicinal. In European countries, flower growers began to use primrose as early as the 16th century. The British are big fans of the primrose and even created the Royal Society of Auricula Primrose Lovers. This flower in this country is treated with great respect and grown in cozy greenhouses.

Hydroponics.

5. Varieties:

5.1. Primula ear (auricula) - Primula auricula

Attractive flowering perennial up to 20 cm high. The plant forms a basal leaf rosette of light green, thick, broadly triangular, oval, rounded leaves. Leaf blades may have small teeth along the edge. Each leaf rosette can produce several strong, erect, thick, leafless flower stalks topped with bright inflorescences. There are a lot of color variations in this variety - they include almost the entire color range. Some plants have flowers that are colored in two, three or even four shades at the same time.



5.2. Primula stemless, common - Primula acaulis, Primula vulgaris

Bright, compact, showy, perennial primrose. In warm climates or when grown in room conditions plants can remain evergreen, but with the onset of frost, the entire above-ground part dies off. The leaves are green, glossy, oblong-oval, with well-defined, branched, veins recessed into the leaf blades. Collected leaves in basal rosettes. Peduncles are low, thick, carry small inflorescences on the tops. The flower is bright, reaches a diameter of 2.5 cm, very diverse shades are painted. Peduncles reach a height of 10 to 30 cm.



5.3. Primula obconica, oblanceolate, or obconic - Primula obconica

forever green color perennial with large, slightly corrugated leaves along the edges. Leaf blades reach a length of 15 cm, painted green, have a glossy surface. Peduncles are tall, erect, up to 40 cm in height. The flowers are often painted in delicate, pastel colors, with a green or yellowish center. Flower colors include white, pink, salmon, lilac, purple, burgundy. The height of this plant can be from 15 to 40 cm.



5.4. Finely toothed primrose - Prímula denticulata

Perennial flowering, herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 45 cm. The leaves are bright green, oblong, oval, with branched veins recessed into the leaf blades. The edges of the leaf plates have small teeth. Peduncles are thick, strong, form bright, rounded inflorescences at the tops. Flowers can be white, pink, lilac, purple and often have a yellow center.



5.5. Japanese primrose or candelabra - Primula japonica

Sufficiently tall herbaceous, flowering plants with green, oblong - oval leaves. Leaf blades are glossy, covered with an extensive network of veins. The leaves are collected in basal rosettes, the edges of the leaf plates have small teeth. Peduncles thin, erect. Each peduncle has several tiers of bright, attractive flowers. The buds open sequentially - from the base of the peduncle to its top. Flowers can be painted in burgundy, pink or lilac shades. Sometimes there are plants with orange or white flowers.



5.6. Primula high - Rrimula elatior

Delicate herbaceous perennial up to 30 cm high with soft, green, basal leaves collected in a rosette. Leaf blades can be covered with a slight pubescence, have a whole network of branched veins. Peduncles erect, tall, leafless, slightly pubescent, bearing fragrant buds on top. Flowers reach a diameter of 2.5 cm and can be painted in white, cream, dark brown or burgundy. The center of the flowers remains yellow.



5.6.1. Victorian- Primula Victoriana

Victorian high primrose hybrids reach 15. cm and form a basal rosette of green, oval leaves. During the flowering period in May, plants throw out tall pubescent peduncles, each can have up to 12 buds. The flowers are small, with rounded petals of various shades, the center of the flowers is yellow.



5.7. Primula Siebold - Primula sieboldii

Evergreen, perennial, tender plants that form large colonies with age. The leaves are bright green, oblong, oval, covered with a network of veins, collected in a rosette. Peduncles 10 - 25 cm high, have attractive pubescence, form bright, fragrant inflorescences at the tops. The flowers are white, pinkish, lilac, blue. Currently, varieties with flowers have been bred, the petals of which have a bizarrely rugged shape. The edges of the leaf plates are covered with large teeth and may be slightly corrugated. Plants can reach 30-45 cm in height.



5.8. Polyanthus primrose - Primula polyanthus

Spectacular, compact, flowering bushes, reaching a height of 15 - 30 cm. The plant belongs to primroses. The leaves are oval, green, glossy, with branched veins recessed into the leaf blades. Each leaf rosette is able to form several erect, thin, drooping peduncles. Flower shades can be in the widest color scheme. The center of the flowers remains yellow. During the flowering period, the plants emit a very pleasant aroma.



5.8.1.Primula Francesca - Рrimula Francesca

A variety of polyanthus primrose, characterized by large greenish flowers with a bright yellow center. The flower petals are ruffled along the edge. The bushes reach a height of 30 cm.



5.9. Julia - Primula juliae

This species was first discovered in the Caucasus in 1900. The bushes are compact, reach a height of 10 - 15 cm, have green leaves with a serrated edge up to 5 cm long. The flowers are lilac or purple with a yellow center, bloom in early spring.



5.10. Primrose cortusoid- Primula cortusoides

Primroses with oblong, green leaf blades, during the flowering period, form tall peduncles with small lilac flowers at the top. Plant height is 15 - 20 cm. The variety has an enviable frost resistance and easily withstands negative temperatures down to -20 ° C.



5.11. Florinda - Primula florindae

The dimensions of this primrose can be considered the most outstanding - plants can reach a height of 120 cm, and during the flowering period, it emits probably the most intense aroma among primroses. Plants form tall erect flower stalks, each can have up to 40 buds. The inflorescences of this variety resemble the shape of a salute and consist of delicate, often drooping bell-shaped flowers. The flowering period comes in summer.

veris - Primula veris

This variety is also called common primrose. It is a perennial flowering plant that blooms in early spring. The bushes reach a height of 30 cm and carry small attractive flowers of various shades, but mainly in yellow and red, on the tops of vertical peduncles. It is considered one of the most unpretentious and hardy varieties of primrose.



Primula macrocalyx ( Primulaveris subsp. macrocalyx)

A subspecies of primrose veris, is a perennial herb that is widely used in folk medicine as an expectorant, diuretic, sedative, antispasmodic and diaphoretic. The plants reach a height of 20 - 35 cm, the leaves are light green, oblong - oval, with a textured surface and slight pubescence. Peduncles are vertical, carry large inflorescences with lemon - yellow flowers. The flowering period begins in the second half of May - early June.



5.15.Primula Modesta - Рrimula Modesta

Miniature plants up to 15 cm high with a basal rosette of leaves and tall peduncles with inflorescences of attractive lilac flowers at the top. The flowers are only 1.5 cm in diameter.



5.16. capitate- Primula capitata

You can recognize primrose in this variety only by leaf plates. Rounded inflorescences on strong tall peduncles consist of many tubular purple flowers that bloom from the edges to the middle of the umbrella, and therefore the flowering period of this primrose is quite long. Bushes bloom in late spring - early summer and reach a height of 30 cm.



Primula beesiana

Candelabra primrose, blooming in late May - early June. Plants are characterized by very high peduncles, each of which has 6 0 8 tiers - inflorescences. The flowers, quite varied in hue, often have a yellow or orange center.



Bullesiana - Primula bullesiana

Another candelabra primrose, reaching a height of 50 cm. distinctive feature This plant is attractive tender. pastel colored buds.



5.19. pleasant -Primula amoena

Delicate perennials up to 25 cm high with dark green, oblong, hard leaves and tall peduncles. The flowers are lavender or purple, often with a yellow centre.



5.20. mealy- Primula farinosa

The second name of this variety is alpine primrose. Plants are a basal rosette of leaves with one or more peduncles in the center. Peduncles grow up to 20 cm and carry an inflorescence of small lilac flowers 1-2 cm in diameter at the top.



5.21. Gallera- Primula halleri

Bushes up to 20 cm high with delicate, strongly pubescent leaves of an oblong - oval shape. Extremely hardy plants that can tolerate outdoors down to -30°C.



Sikkimese - Primula sikkimensis

This type of primrose was found in the highlands of the Himalayas. large plants - reach a height of 90 cm. Plants form very dense, large leaf rosettes and during the flowering period produce vertical leafless peduncles, on top of which there are medium-sized yellow flowers with a pleasant aroma.



5.23. Scandinavian - Primula Scandinavian

A compact variety up to 20 cm high with a small leaf rosette and pubescent erect peduncles. The flowers are lilac or purple, with a yellow center. Unfortunately, this species is endangered.



Burmese - Primula burmanica

Tall candelabra primrose, reaching 90 cm in height. Plants are distinguished by very dark, oblong - oval, basal leaves and tall peduncles. On peduncles there are several tiers of small flowers of red, pink. orange or lilac shades. In open ground withstand frosts down to -20 ° C



5.25. prugonitskaya- Primula pruhoniciana

Compact primroses that bloom immediately after the snow melts. It is also possible the onset of re-flowering in the autumn months.



5.26. Primula Vialya or orchid - Рrimula vialii

Another variety with an unusual shape of inflorescences for primroses - they resemble candles. Flowering occurs quite late - in June - July, the height of plants can reach 50 cm. The leaves are light green, oblong, covered with sparse pubescence. Peduncles leafless, erect. The flowers are bright blue, bell-shaped, open sequentially - from the base of the inflorescences to their tops.



You may also be interested in:

Primula (Primula) is a herbaceous plant of the primrose family, which is distributed almost throughout the globe, but mainly in Central Europe and the temperate climatic zones of Asia and North America.

The name of the genus comes from the Latin "primus" - the first, which is explained by the fact that the primrose blooms in the early days of spring, when the snow has not yet melted outside the window. In late February or early March, multi-colored bouquets in flower pots cheer up and can be a wonderful gift. In our region, primrose arrived from China. This plant during flowering consists, as it were, of small "gramophones". It is very fond of experienced flower growers and those who received this plant as a gift. Now, in order to save it, you need to learn everything about caring for it.

The advantage of primrose is not only the varied and bright color of flowers, but also the ability to please with its flowering for a long time. The plant has perennial, biennial and annual species. The room primrose has a fibrous root system, a very short stem and soft, slightly fluffy leaves. The color of the flowers is lilac, pink, purple, milky white, dark blue, but the throat of the flower tube is always only yellow. There are usually a lot of flowers, they seem to be collected in a small bouquet.

Primula: care and cultivation at home

Location and lighting

Primula is very fond of light and moderate heat, but not direct sunlight, but diffused lighting. A flower pot with primrose is best placed on a windowsill located on the east or west side of the room.

Temperature

It is better to grow primrose in a room with a temperature of 12 to 20 degrees Celsius. In winter and spring, during the flowering period, the most optimal temperature is 8-12 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the plant remains flowering and beautiful for a long time.

When the flowering period is over, the plant can be transplanted into open ground. The perfect place there will be a shady area for the primrose, under the crown of the tree, which will become her reliable protection during heavy rain or from hot sunlight.

For the winter, you can again make the primrose a houseplant, but it’s not scary and leave it to winter on garden plot. These flowers also feel great as garden flowers, and can overwinter on open area in a temperate climate.

Watering

For watering room primrose, you need to use only water that has been settled for several days or rain (you can also melt). The watering regimen is different before, during and after primrose flowering. During the flowering period and before it, watering should be moderate, but regular. The soil should always be slightly moist, but overflows and waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed.

When flowering ends, watering is somewhat reduced. Now the plant needs to be watered only when the topsoil begins to dry out a little.

Air humidity

It is very important for primrose to be in a room with high humidity. With its lack, the indoor plant will react negatively - the tips of the leaves will begin to dry, and the flowering time will be reduced significantly. City apartments usually, on the contrary, are characterized by excessive dryness of the air. In this case, the plant simply needs daily spraying. They need to be carried out regularly and at the same time make sure that only the leaves and stems are moistened. It is not recommended that water get on the flowers.

If it is not possible to spray plants, then you can put a flower pot in a small container with wet expanded clay. The plant will take required amount moisture.

The soil

For growing primrose, you can purchase a special soil mixture (for example, “Geranium Mix” is suitable), or you can cook it yourself. To do this, it is better to take neutral soil, even from your garden plot, and mix it with a small part of the sand (preferably river and coarse). Or use a substrate of hardwood and sod land, peat and river sand in equal proportions.

Transfer

If your indoor primrose is a perennial species, then it will need a transplant. Since the roots of the plant are not long, you need to choose a wide, but not deep flower pot. A thin drainage layer is laid out at the bottom (for example, expanded clay or fine gravel), and soil is placed on top.

Primrose breeding

A relatively simple and better method of breeding primrose is reproduction by division. You need to choose a three-year or even four summer plant after the completion of the flowering period. Parts of the plant are separated from the primrose, necessarily with their growth bud.

A more troublesome and lengthy method is propagation by seeds. Seeds are sown in any month of the first half of the year, but it is still more favorable to do this in the summer.

The purchased “Universal Soil Mix” is poured into the prepared container and watered moderately. Next, the seeds are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the soil and lightly sprinkled with earth on top. The seed container can be covered with glass or used glass jars. Such a greenhouse is put in a cool place. Sprouts should appear in about 15-20 days.

Thick seedlings can be divided and transplanted into individual pots. These pots need to be transferred to open ground, but always to a shady place (for example, under a tree), where the primrose will not be harmed by hot sunlight or heavy rain and wind.

With the onset of autumn, the plant is transferred to a cool room and left there until spring. With proper care for young primroses, they can please with their flowering by the New Year.

Distillation of room primrose

Distillation of one plant is used once every three years. In autumn, with the onset of the first frosts, the garden primrose must be dug up along with a small earthen clod and transferred to a flower pot. The plant should overwinter in a cold room (for example, in a basement or cellar) with a temperature of about five degrees Celsius. At a higher temperature, the primrose will begin to grow, and flower buds will be oppressed.

Until the end of February, watering the plant is not required. But at the end of the calendar winter, the plant must be brought into the house and begin regular and proper watering. Very soon, the primrose will begin to grow actively and will please with its bright flowering. After flowering, the primrose can be planted again in the garden.

For forcing a garden primrose, you need to take cuttings from mature plants or use its two-year-old seedlings.

Diseases and pests

Primula can get sick after being in the garden for a long time. Signs of the disease can be easily seen by the appearance of the plant. Fungal or infectious diseases, as well as the presence of pests, appear on all parts of the plant. Leaves may begin to dry out or turn dark brown or yellow spots. Flower buds will fall without opening. And flowering may not come at all. The most common diseases and pests are spider mites and powdery mildew.

In this case, you should not transfer the primrose indoors so as not to infect other plants. It is necessary to immediately use special insecticidal preparations.

Primula - cultivation and care (video)

The snow began to melt, and multi-colored islands appeared in different parts of the garden - the primrose bloomed! Do not hold back a smile: spring has come, now it's finally! After all, primrose is a real spring flower, which is called primrose. But it is not necessary to be in alpine meadows in early spring to admire a delicate flower. Indoor primrose feels great at home, on any windowsill, and can please its owners all year round. Let's get to know the primrose closer, learn how to care for an amazing flower.

What is she, room primrose

In the photo, stemless primrose

In a low room primrose (usually no higher than 25-30 cm), flowers are remembered first of all. At the time of flowering, the plant is densely strewn with five-petalled petals. A feature is the most different colors of flowers: blue and yellow, purple and pink, white and blue, represented by many shades. Bright or delicate inflorescences are beautifully arranged on a rosette of bright green oval leaves with prominent veins.

With proper care, primrose plantings are durable.
Blooms profusely in spring and winter time, and with good care, it is possible almost throughout the year.

Types of room primrose

Types of room primrose, which are common and are loved by flower growers:

• soft-leaved

In the photo, indoor soft-leaved primrose

Light green large leaves in the rosette are somewhat elongated, there is one basal rosette on the primrose bush, in inflorescences from 15 to 20 white, lilac, pink, red flowers. Peduncles are tall, grow vertically. It blooms in early spring, has a long flowering (from three months or more).

• reverse conical

In the photo, primrose room obkonika

Reverse conical indoor primroses have another name - obkonika. They are especially popular among indoor flowers. The elongated leaves with wavy edges are painted in a beautiful emerald green color. Peduncles short, beautiful flowers crimson, pink, white, red, lilac shades are collected in umbrella inflorescences. The size of the inflorescences is determined by their diameter and is from 7 to 12 cm. The obkonika blooms from 1.5 to 2 months, but many flower growers, having provided high-quality content, lengthen the flowering period,

• common stemless

Pictured is a common primrose or Primula vulgaris

Miniature (up to 20 cm) stemless indoor species have a bright shade of green leaves. Another difference is related to the arrangement of the flowers. They grow singly, fixed on individual peduncles. The peduncles are long, the flowers are small, the color of the flowers is varied. Flowering of stemless primrose begins in spring (April) and lasts four months.

All types of primroses are beautiful in their own way, able to give pleasure to lovers of indoor flowers, they are a spectacular element of interior design.

Video "Indoor primrose"

Reproduction and planting

Flower growers can use one of three types of its reproduction. Each method has its own rules, the observance of which will help to obtain high-quality plants.

Sowing seeds

A fairly simple and effective way to breed primroses is to use plant seeds. Seed producers provide the opportunity to choose the variety you like. You can not buy seeds, but collect them from an existing flower.

Collecting flower seeds

It is important to observe optimal timing sowing seeds:

The sequence of action when propagating primrose seeds:

1. We pickle the seeds by dropping them in turn, first in hot water(from 15 to 20 minutes), then - in cold water (2-3 minutes). Dry the treated seeds completely. Please note: dressing is only necessary for self-harvesting seeds. Purchased seeds have passed the procedure in preparation for sale.
2. We are preparing a landing tank. For sowing primrose, a small container is required, which we fill with soil. You can use commercially available special soil. But it’s not difficult to cook it yourself: we mix earth and sand in equal proportions. Plentifully spill the soil with water at room temperature.
3. We sow the seeds, evenly distributing them on the surface of the soil. Seeds do not need to be covered with a layer of earth or sand on top! But do not forget to shed the seeds lying on the ground!
4. We create the conditions necessary for germination. The container with seeds must be covered and at the same time left in the light. This can be done using glass or cellophane film. Keep the seeds at a temperature not higher than 18 °. It is good to use the vegetable shelves of the refrigerator. We keep a container with primrose there until sprouts appear, not forgetting to water and ventilate. After that, you can change the location and rearrange it on the windowsill. The final planting in pots is carried out when leaves appear on the sprouts.

Video "How to sow primrose in winter"

The division of the bush

Reproduction of primrose by division is carried out when the flowering of the bush selected for reproduction ends. When preparing a primrose flower for division, we rearrange the pot in a dark room, where the plant remains until new shoots appear. Make sure that the primrose does not dry out, do not forget about watering!

We water the bush with new shoots abundantly, and after a while we carefully take it out of the pot, trying not to cause serious damage to the roots. We also carefully divide the plant into several parts. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that on the roots of each detachable part there is a dormant bud, from which a rosette of leaves will subsequently appear. Cut off too long roots. The procedure is completed by planting the prepared parts of the plant in well-moistened soil.

cuttings

If there is a desire to propagate the primrose, but its young bush is still too small and cannot be divided into parts, you can use cuttings. For such reproduction, a primrose stalk is first prepared. It becomes a cut leaf, which is cut off, keeping the stalk. For further development plants, it is also important to have a bud on a cutting. The best planting soil for cuttings is a mixture of sand and peat. A cutting is planted in a container with moistened soil. Correct location sheet - at an angle. A small layer of earth is applied on top, watered.

Experienced flower growers know: all methods of breeding primrose are quite simple and effective.

Propagation of indoor plants is an amazing activity

Conditions for growing room primrose

Growing a plant that will delight with its healthy appearance, long and colorful flowering is possible subject to simple conditions. What will provide the flower with competent care?

The soil

Indoor primrose flowers do not tolerate high acidity of the soil! The most suitable is a mixture of sandy, earthen, peat parts. We take all components for the mixture in equal proportions. The prepared composition must be placed in a container for drainage (expanded clay, small pebbles).

Watering

Care at home is, first of all, proper watering. Indoor primrose will be grateful for timely hydration, especially when the plant is in bloom. How much water is required indoor flower? The best option is to keep the soil moist all the time. In this case, overflow should be avoided, which can lead to waterlogging and rotting of the roots. Lengthen the periods between watering so that the soil can dry out when flowering is over.

For irrigation, water is first defended. When conducting root watering, be careful not to allow moisture to enter the upper surface of the leaf.

Using a watering tray is ideal for primrose.

top dressing

Primrose at room conditions does not force the use of top dressing all the time. Mineral formulations containing microfertilizers will benefit if applied during budding and flowering. Prepare a weak concentration of fertilizer in accordance with the instructions for its use, apply 1 time in 14 days, and the plant will thank you with beautiful flowers.

Top dressing of indoor flowers

Lighting and temperature

Care for primrose at room conditions involves compliance with light and heat conditions. The light-loving flower does not respond well to the direct rays of the sun. Shade and partial shade are better tolerated by primrose. The normal development of a flower occurs in a room with a temperature of + 18 °.

Excessively dry air also does not please the plant. To make the primrose feel more comfortable, you can use systematic spraying with water. Be careful: you can only spray the leaves, and their lower part. Do not allow moisture to enter the petals!

Disease and pest control

Fungal and viral diseases (rot, powdery mildew, spotting) or pests: spider mites, aphids, weevil can harm a delicate flower.

Compliance with an irrigation regime that does not allow rotting will help in the prevention of diseases. And in case of disease, the appearance of pests, urgent intervention is required! The plant is freed from diseased leaves and flowers, fungicides (Fundazol, etc.) and special preparations are used to treat the soil and the primrose bush.

Be careful when using special chemicals! It is useful to remember that it is useful to use gloves when interacting with primroses. Not only preparations, but also primrose leaves sometimes become sources of skin irritations.

Houseplant pests and how to deal with them

Video "Why primroses die"

According to legend, the first primrose flower appeared at the place where the keys to paradise fell. They fell out of the hands of the Apostle Peter and helped the miracle happen. Since that time, the primrose magically turns any place where it grows into a paradise.
Becoming a magician and creating a heavenly place in your home is real and within the power of everyone. To do this, you just need to start a room primrose ...

There are hundreds of varieties of indoor plants. Primrose is one of the most favorite species of flower growers: it has bright flowers of various shades, blooms for a long time and is easy to care for. In the article we will tell you how to grow and care for this plant.

Primula: general information

Primula has about 500 species of plants of the primrose family. It got its name from the time of flowering: flowers appear almost immediately after the snow melts. wild primrose grows in the temperate zone: in Europe, the Alps, Asia and North America. Indoor species can be grown in any part of the world. They are distinguished by bright saturated colors: its flowers grow in inflorescences and have pink, red, yellow, white, blue and orange hues. The height of the bush does not exceed 25-30 cm, the leaves are distinguished by a pleasant green color.

Among all varieties for rooms, the following types are especially well suited:

1. Primrose ordinary or stemless: characterized by wrinkled leaves and large flowers of red, yellow and blue hues.
2. Soft-leaved primrose: its homeland is China. This is an annual variety, reaching a height of up to 50 cm. It has jagged leaves up to 20 cm long and has a pleasant aroma. The flowering period falls on the second half of winter.
3. Primrose inverse conical: a perennial native to China, reaching half a meter in height. It has rounded drooping leaves and flowers in pink, red and blue color. Some varieties are not poisonous and do not provoke allergies.
4. Chinese primrose: grows up to 30 cm, leaves can reach 15 cm, flowers are 4 cm in diameter. The edges of the leaves are serrated, the flowers can be wavy. For annual flowering, it is required to organize a period of artificial dormancy once a year.
5. Primula kyuska: has a heart-shaped leaves with a characteristic white bloom, a pleasant smell and small yellowish flowers.

Basic rules of care

Primrose, home care for which is quite easy and simple, however, requires compliance with certain rules.

• The plant requires a bright, but not filled with direct sunlight room - windows in the west and north are well suited if there are no drafts.
• The room should not be hot - for primrose, the optimum temperature is 16-20 degrees. Abundant flowering can be achieved at a low temperature - no more than 16 degrees. During flowering, the temperature should be lowered even lower - up to 12-14 degrees.
• It is good to use a mixture of equal parts of peat, sand and leaves as a soil, you can also add turf. Good drainage must be provided, otherwise the water will stagnate.
• Watering should be moderate, as the earth dries out, and you should not pour water directly on the leaves, otherwise they will begin to rot. For the same reason, spraying is completely excluded, but you don’t have to worry about the humidity of the air - the primrose can easily cope with any.
• It is required to feed the flower once every 2 weeks. It is important to remember that it is possible to apply top dressing only after the formation of flowers, otherwise the plant will throw all its strength into leaf growth, and flowering will be delayed.
• As a care, it is recommended to regularly remove dry leaves and flowers, pluck dry stems.

Primrose transplant

homemade rimula requires regular repotting once a year at the end of flowering. It goes through several stages:

1. Turning over the slide with primrose, the plant is carefully pulled out of there, trying not to damage the roots;
2. Primrose roots are carefully examined and damaged or diseased are removed to prevent infection;
3. in a pot large sizes a small amount of prepared earth is poured;
4. Then the primrose itself is installed and covered with earth to the brim, slightly crushing;
5. At the end, the earth is slightly crushed.

Distillation

During forcing, primroses are transplanted into more favorable conditions to accelerate their growth and development. This allows you to get flowers faster, but at the same time, the roots and stems are depleted, and therefore the flowers will need a long - up to 2 years - recovery and rest. For distillation, garden primroses are used that are more than 2 years old.

• Before frosts, primroses are dug up and, together with the earth adhering to the roots, are transferred to separate containers.
• They are stored in dark rooms at a temperature of no more than 8 degrees, without watering: under warmer conditions, they will begin to grow actively, and flowering, on the contrary, will slow down and come much later.
• Then, at the end of January, the containers are transferred to a brighter room and the temperature is raised, but not more than +18 degrees, at the same time they are slowly watered.
• With this method, flowering occurs already by the beginning of spring. Often distillation is used to obtain the first flowers by March 8.
• After flowering, the primrose should be moved to a cool, bright place and watered regularly. After 1-3 years, it can again be used for distillation.

reproduction

Growing room primrose can occur in three ways: seeds, division and cuttings. From the moment of planting to flowering, at least six months pass.

seeds

This is a familiar method that is usually used to grow annual varieties. Depending on the selected type seeds are planted at different times: usually mid to late spring or early summer. For this method, a mixture of an equal amount of hardwood and sand is used. Seeds can be collected every year from faded primroses or bought.

1. Seeds are scattered on the surface, watered abundantly with water and covered with glass to create the effect of a greenhouse.
2. After that, the pot is transferred to a cool and bright place for 1.5–2 weeks.
3. When the first sprouts appear, the glass can be removed, but it is best to keep the pot at a low temperature.
4. Water the sprouts once a month, thin out and plant as they grow.
5. After 3 months, the strongest are seated in separate pots. small size. When they grow up, they are transplanted into larger dishes.

cuttings

For this option, you can use side branches. Necessary prepare a small pot in advance and pour peat and a layer of sand about 2 cm thick into it.

• The primrose is cut off the petiole with a leaf and a kidney. The sheet is cut in half, the cut line should be even, without notches.
• The petiole is planted in the ground to a depth of 1 cm at an angle and watered.
• The pot must be removed in a cool room, periodically watering.
• After about 3 months, when the petiole takes root and 3-4 leaves appear on it, it is transplanted into a larger pot. As the soil, a mixture of 4 parts of hardwood, 2 parts of humus and 1 part of sand is used.

division

The method is used after the complete flowering of room primrose. Pre the plant is removed in a dark place and water regularly. You can divide it when the stems begin to grow vigorously.

1. The primrose is taken out of the pot as when transplanting and inspect the roots.
2. Then the bush is divided into 2-3 parts, each of which is planted in separate containers and watered.
3. They are covered with transparent glass and cleaned in a cool room with abundant light. This should create a bath effect.
4. After a few days, when the plants take root and begin to grow gradually, they are transplanted into larger pots. Several transplants may be required if the containers were initially chosen incorrectly.
5. After each transplant, it is necessary to remove dry leaves, and also feed the primrose every half a month. mineral fertilizers.

Disease symptoms

Like any plant, indoor primrose, home care behind which is not only regular watering, it can get sick or be attacked by pests. This is easy to calculate by some external features:

• If the leaves began to rot, the reason is high humidity or getting wet;
• With yellowing and dryness, the problem may be in too dry air, excess fertilizer or water;
• If the primrose does not bloom or quickly withers and drops flowers, it is worth checking the air temperature (it should not be higher than 16 degrees);
• Among insects, primrose often suffers from aphids, weevils and spider mites, spotting occurs from diseases. The latter manifests itself in the form of light gray spots on the leaves, which are then covered with bloom. To get rid of them, it is necessary to completely remove the infected leaves and sprinkle the primrose with a solution of "Fundazol" or "Topsin".

Important

It must be remembered that primrose leaves are poisonous, and she herself can cause irritation and allergies. After finishing caring for the flower, you must thoroughly wash your hands, work with it should be carried out with gloves. The plant is not recommended to be placed in the nursery, so that the baby does not pull the flower into his mouth and is not poisoned.

Conclusion

Primula is unpretentious home flower that will not cause trouble for the owners. It does well in cold climates and will delight beautiful flowers for a long time.

Primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Primrose family. The root system is superficial, growing rapidly. The height of the stem is 10-25 cm. The leaf plates are whole, wrinkled, collected in a basal rosette, painted dark green. Primula is grown as an ornamental flowering plant. Flowers of the correct form, consist of 5 petals, rise above the bush on a short peduncle, are located singly or racemose, umbellate inflorescences are collected. Diverse in color.

Usually flowering begins in the spring, but varieties that bloom in the winter are bred.

In the natural environment, it lives in the temperate climatic zone of Europe, Asia, North America, China, where it grows on moist soil near water bodies.

Growing room primrose from seeds at home

Primrose seeds photo

Primrose is propagated by seeds and vegetatively. The time of sowing seeds depends on the variety of primrose. In general, this is the period from mid-spring to early summer.

• Fill the container with a mixture of leaf soil and sand, spread the seeds as little as possible over the surface of the soil, without deepening, otherwise they will not sprout.
• Spray with a spray bottle. For successful germination, cover the crops with glass or film.

Primrose indoor growing from seeds at home photo shoots

• Place in a bright place with an air temperature of 16-17 ° C.
• Shoots will appear in a couple of weeks. The cover must be removed.
• Leave the lighting and air temperature the same.
• Water sparingly, thin out as you grow.
• After about 3 months of life, young plants will get stronger enough, then plant them in separate containers.

Primula indoor from seeds at home

• When transplanting into separate cups, use something as a "shovel", for example, a fork, to gently pick up the seedlings with an earthy clod without breaking it, and transfer it to a larger container.
• Transplanted plants are carefully watered.
• Further care is simple: moderate moisture and heat, diffused lighting are needed. When the violets grow up, they are transferred to permanent pots.

Reproduction of room primrose by dividing the bush

During transplantation, divide the bush. For this, plants at least 3 years old are suitable. Remove the primrose from the pot, divide into 3-4 parts, a voluminous bush can give up to 6 divisions. Sow in small pots. To create a greenhouse effect, cover with foil. When the delenki take root and grow, a second transplant may be required. At each transplant, remove dried leaves, apply complex mineral fertilizers.

Reproduction of primrose leaf cuttings

Carry out cuttings in spring or autumn. Separate the part of the shoot with the growth bud and leaf. Cut the leaf in half. Root in a mixture of leafy soil and sand. Lighting will be required diffused, keep the air temperature at 17 ° C, water moderately. With the appearance of 3-4 leaves, transplant into a pot with a diameter of about 10 cm.

How to care for primrose at home

Site selection and lighting

The plant is photophilous, but does not tolerate direct sunlight.

The best place will be the windows of the eastern and western directions, it also grows normally on the northern windowsill.

Air temperature

Avoid overheating. The optimum air temperature will be 18 ° C. The plant will be positively affected by lowering the temperature to 12-15 ° C during the flowering period.

Ventilate the room, but protect from drafts. In the period March-October, place on the balcony, loggia.

How to water

During flowering, the soil should be constantly slightly moist. The rest of the time, water as the topsoil dries. Avoid excess moisture. It is better not to water once again - the leaves may blow, but the plant will quickly recover after watering. Use bottom watering or apply water, moving along the edge of the pot so that water does not fall on the leaves of the plant. Pour soft water at room temperature.

You can not spray the plant. To maintain humidity, periodically place the plant pot on a pallet with wet moss, pebbles, expanded clay.

How to feed

During the flowering period, feed with complex mineral fertilizers. Divide the dosage recommended by the instructions in half and feed every 14 days. The rest of the time you do not need to feed.

Transplanting room primrose

How to transplant a primrose in a pot photo

Transplant every year in spring or early autumn. Soil: a mixture of soddy soil, peat and sand. Lay a drainage layer about 2 cm thick at the bottom of the container.

Choose a wide, shallow container.

Remove the primrose from the pot, inspect the roots, remove diseased, damaged roots, treat the cuts with a fungicide. Place the plant in a new pot, fill with soil to the brim, compact a little, water.

Distillation of home primrose

Plants that are 2 years old are suitable for this. It is necessary in late autumn to place the primrose in a dark place with an air temperature of about 3 ° C. Do not water. Usually they want to get flowering by March 8, so proceed with further actions in late January or early February. Replant primroses. Provide diffused lighting, air temperature within 5-10 ° C, water moderately. With the advent of buds, start feeding.

Diseases and pests of room primrose

Rust, jaundice, anthracnose, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus are possible primrose diseases. To save the plant, it is necessary to remove the damaged areas and treat with a fungicide.

Plant pests: nematodes, spider mites, aphids. It needs to be treated with an insecticide.

Primrose leaves turn yellow and buds fall

• Due to excess moisture, rotting of the root system and stems is possible. Perform an emergency transplant. Remove affected areas, treat with fungicide. Adjust watering;
• The leaves turn yellow. This happens for a number of reasons: elevated temperature or dry air, the soil is waterlogged, watered hard, cold water, excessive feeding;
• Dropping buds, flowers quickly wither. Dry air, high air temperature, lack of moisture in the soil.

Types and varieties of room primrose with photos and names

Common primrose or stemless Primula vulgaris

Common primrose or stemless Primula vulgaris variety Sphinx Apricot photo

Flowering occurs in April-June. The flowers are large, yellow, red, blue.

Varieties:

• Sphinx Apricot - flowers have a bright orange color;
• Sphinx F1 neon Rose - variety with raspberry flowers;
• Eclipse Violet with Rim - lilac corollas with a golden border.

Soft-leaved primrose or soft Primula malacoides

Primula soft-leaved or soft Primula malacoides variety Snow Queen photo

Plant height is 30-50 cm. The edges of the leaf plates are wavy. Umbrella inflorescence consists of 10-20 flowers.

Varieties:

Primula Mars photo

Mars - the color of the corollas is lilac;

White pearls - white flowers with pearl overflow;

Primula white pearl photo

Juliet mixed - terry flowers with a double color: from pastel to pink-lilac;

Enchantment - inflorescences have a bright blue color;

Snow Queen - white flowers.

Primula obconica or obconic Primula obconica

Primula obconica or obconic Primula obconica

It reaches a height of 20 cm. It has oblong oval leaves, they are cut into 3 lobes. Flowers pink, red, blue.

Primula back-conical grade Primula Twilly Touch Me photo

TwillyTouch Me is a group of varieties of this species. The color can be pink, lavender, purple, combine 2 shades or colors.

Chinese primrose Primula sinensis

Chinese primrose Primula sinensis

Primroses are about 30 cm high with large leaves about 15 cm long. The edges of the leaf plates are serrated or wavy. The diameter of the corolla is 4 cm.

Primula Kyuskaya - leaf plates are heart-shaped, pubescent. The flowers are small, bright yellow.

Useful properties of primrose

The ground part contains ascorbic acid, carotene, many vitamins. The roots are rich in essential oils, glycosides.

A decoction of the leaves is taken as a sedative, hypnotic, to strengthen immune system. Primrose has a diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant effect.

The bright primrose is one of the most popular annual and perennial herbaceous potted spring primroses.

The common name of the genus comes from the Latin word "primus", that is, early, first, indicating the earlier flowering of the culture. Its homeland is North America and Asia, distributed in the mountains of the Crimea and the Caucasus, in Europe with a temperate climate.

In total, there are about 500 members of the genus, but only a few species of Asian origin are grown as houseplants. Through the efforts of breeders, a wide variety of fairly hardy varieties and hybrids have been bred, which are distinguished by a huge variety of colors.

Long oval leaves, collected in a rosette, frame a bunch of bright large flowers in all shades of the rainbow: yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, blue or white. The height of the bush is not more than 25-30 cm.

As a rule, at home, the plant is considered as an annual, but if the room primrose is properly cared for, then not only flowering, but also the life of this magnificent primrose can be extended for a long time.

Popular types

Primula acaulis or common (Primula acaulis) is a hybrid and is most often cultivated outdoors, but there are several spectacular indoor miniature varietal forms. Flowering is very long.

The main disadvantage of the species is its high sensitivity to higher temperatures - the bush quickly withers. Known varieties acaulis: "Harlequin bicolor" with especially large flowers, "Jackpot", apricot "Sphinx Apricot", "Belarina series", whose burgundy flowers look like roses, red-orange "Notso Prim".

Perennial primula obconic or obkonika (Primula obconica) originally from China. The most common room view primrose.

Flowers up to 8 cm in diameter can be white, red or all shades of pink and purple with a characteristic greenish eye in the middle, collected in a lush bouquet.

Primula obconica is so popular in Germany that it is called "German Spring Rose" there. Her flowering is very long and often repeated. One of the most popular varieties of "Twilly Touch Me".

One to two years old primula soft-leaved or mallow-like (Primula malacoides). This species is perhaps the most interesting and most beautiful, due to the incredibly large number of showy fragrant flowers collected in a whorled inflorescence.

Numerous flowers open gradually, decorating the plant for 3 or more months. Some of the many varieties: "Mars", "Snow Queen", "Beauty Mix" with double flowers, "White Pearl", pink "Fair Lady".

How to care for room primrose after purchase

Temperature

Primroses appear in March, early April, when the air is still cool and the soil is saturated with moisture, so temperature and humidity are key factors in growing indoor primrose.

Optimal temperature regime, which prolongs flowering for a long time, is 10-16 ̊С, and in winter during the dormant period it can be lowered to 7-10 ̊С. In a warm room, the leaves and flowers wither quickly.

Cool conditions can be created by placing the pot on an insulated balcony. Well lowers the temperature of the plate with crushed ice placed close to the plant. Primrose loves fresh air, so in mid-April it is advisable to take the pot out to the balcony or terrace.

Watering

Primrose needs high humidity of air and soil during the period of budding and flowering. Watering is carried out, as a rule, 2 times a week, when the top layer of soil dries up to 1 cm. The soil should be moderately moist all the time, but not wet. The bush reacts to the lack and excess of moisture with drooping foliage.

When watering, avoid getting moisture in the center of the leaf outlet, as this can lead to the development of rot, and pour excess water from the pan. For the procedure, cool but soft water is used. The ideal option it will be rainy. In winter, during the dormant period, watering is reduced.

You can increase the humidity of the air by using a container filled with water with expanded clay and moss or by spraying water near the flower.

Lighting

The best place for primrose at home would be bright diffused light. Direct rays lead to burns and wilting of foliage and shorten the flowering period. The best option placement will be east or west windows.

Care for room primrose after purchase also consists in the timely removal of wilted flowers, otherwise a fungal infection may develop.

top dressing

Feed with liquid complex fertilizer for flowering indoor plants during flowering and budding once every two weeks, using half the dose recommended on the package.

How to transplant

Perennial primroses are transplanted once a year in September. Choose a wide and shallow pot, as the roots of the plant are short.

A drainage layer of expanded clay is laid out at the bottom, and the soil is prepared from garden soil for indoor plants with the addition of 2 parts of peat and one part of sand. During transplantation, carefully remove the plant from the pot so as not to damage the root system.

reproduction

There are 3 ways to propagate primrose. The first is by separating the lateral processes from the leaf rosette in early spring. They are placed in separate pots and covered with a jar. The soil must be kept moist at all times. After rooting, the jar is removed.

The second way is by cuttings of long rhizomes with growth points that are located very close to the soil surface.

And the third is the cultivation of primrose from seeds. For sowing, take a shallow container with a drainage layer filled with a peat-sand mixture. The soil is well watered and the seeds are distributed on the surface, spray them with boiled water at room temperature and cover with a film.

For germination, primrose seeds need low temperatures (2-3 ̊С), so the container is placed in the refrigerator.

Air the seeds weekly by lifting the film up for a few minutes. Only after the appearance of sprouts, the container can be removed from the refrigerator and placed in a warm place with bright diffused light.

Every day for 10-15 minutes, remove the cover for ventilation, after a week, increase the time and then completely remove the film. When the first two or three leaves appear, the seedlings are dived into separate pots. Young seedlings after transplantation are fed with complex fertilizer. Flowering can be expected in 2-3 months.

An interesting point is that the seeds are so small that they can be germinated in wet cotton wool, a sponge, and even on a wet cotton pad.

Diseases and pests

When watering with cold water or waterlogging the soil, the leaves of the plant strike gray rot. Stopping watering and dusting the diseased areas with ashes or charcoal effectively helps with this lesion. In order to prevent fungal diseases, watering with a fungicide solution should be carried out.

In low light or high temperatures, the flowering period is reduced, and the number of leaves increases significantly. Falling buds indicate little watering. Lightening of the leaves indicates the hardness of the water.

The primrose is mainly affected by fungal mosquitoes, aphids and spider mites. Sometimes one treatment with a special insecticide is enough to get rid of these pests. When placing pots on the street or in the garden, damage by snails and slugs is possible.

Apr 07 2017

Primrose room - growing and care at home

Before March 8, all the counters of flower shops were filled with small pots with the first spring flowers - primroses. It is unlikely that anyone resisted her elegant, catchy, but at the same time gentle beauty and did not buy her friends at least one pot of primrose for the holiday. Lovers - flower growers are happy to grow it not only in gardens and greenhouses, but also at home. With the help of our article, caring for primrose will become much easier.

Primula (Primula) belongs to the Primrose family. This family includes about 500 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and several species of evergreen shrubs and subshrubs. In nature, primrose is found everywhere in places with a temperate climate and moist soil - along the banks of rivers and mountain streams in Europe, Asia, China and North America. Indoor specimens of primrose include two species: the annual primrose Primula malacoides and the perennial primrose Primula obconica - reverse conical or reverse lanceolate. Numerous varieties of these types of primrose can be found on the windowsills of many apartments. Flower growers select varieties of perennial primroses in such a way that they delight with their flowering throughout the year. Still, more varieties of primrose bloom in early spring and in the first winter months.

Structure

Primrose (primrose) is a rather small plant, no higher than 25 - 30 cm in height. It has fibrous superficial roots that grow very quickly. The stem of room primrose is very short. Primrose leaves have a heart-shaped or elongated shape and a fleecy, noticeably wrinkled surface. They grow on long petioles, forming a beautiful rosette in a pot. Primrose flowers resemble small gramophones. They have 5 petals, ending at the ends with three blades. The pharynx of the flower tube is usually yellow color, but the petals are bright pink, lilac, red, dark blue and white shades. There are monochromatic flowers, bicolor, with contrasting stripes along the edges of the petals. There are usually a lot of buds and flowers. They are collected in umbellate, whorled, racemose or capitate inflorescences, as if forming a bouquet in the middle of the rosette.

Beneficial features

Primula has long been famous for its medicinal properties. All parts of the plant are medicinal. They contain a large amount of vitamins, ascorbic acid, carotene. Primrose roots contain essential oils, glycosides. Salads can be made from primrose leaves in early spring - it is believed that one leaf of wild primrose contains daily allowance vitamin C. For bronchitis, laryngitis and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract, decoctions of primrose leaves are used as an expectorant. In addition, this decoction has a calming and hypnotic effect.

But it is important to know that people with allergies should be careful with these flowers, as some types of primrose are strong allergens.

The main types and varieties of indoor primroses

Indoor primrose differs from garden primrose in growing conditions and care features. Garden - more resistant to cold. There are hybrid varieties of primroses that do well both in the garden and on the window sills of flower growers.

We will introduce you to the main types of primroses and their varieties that are successfully grown at home.

Primula Soft

One of the popular types of indoor primroses is soft primrose. She hails from China. In the wild, it grows up to 30 cm in height. The leaves are elongated, oval in shape, attached to a long handle and all come out of one basal rosette. Its inflorescences consist of 15-20 flowers, the leaves are light green. Soft primrose blooms in spring. The duration of flowering reaches three or more months. Under natural conditions, the flowers of this primrose are purple in color. But breeders have bred varieties with white, pink and red petals.

Popular varieties of soft primrose:

Mars
White pearls

The Snow Queen Enchantment

Juliet mixed

• Primula varieties Mars has purple inflorescences;
• Variety White pearls has white flowers with pearl tints;
• The Snow Queen blooms with white flowers;
• plant variety Juliet mixed has terry flowers of double coloring: pastel and lilac-pink;
• Enchantment blooms with bright blue flowers.

Primrose obconic (obconic)

Primrose obkonikachnaya (obkonika) - this is the most popular type of indoor primroses. It belongs to the Chinese primrose family. The size of the obconia is smaller than that of a soft primrose, it grows no higher than 20 cm. It is a perennial with oblong leaves cut along the edges on long petioles. This primrose blooms in spring and early winter, but under comfortable growing conditions it can bloom almost all year round. Flowers are located on short peduncles, thanks to which the flower looks very impressive - the bright cap of the inflorescence is put on emerald leaves. Under natural conditions, obconica has lavender-colored flowers. To date, there is a wide variety of new varieties of reverse-conical primrose with different colors of petals. Some varieties of this primrose cause allergies.

A group of varieties called "TwillyTouch Me" is distinguished by a variety of flower colors. They are purple, pink, purple, lavender, and there are also flowers with a double color.

stemless

Primrose stemless, or common, is a hybrid. It can be grown with equal success both indoors and in the garden. In nature, it can be found in Asia, and in Africa, and in European countries. This is a perennial herbaceous plant of small size - its maximum is 20 cm. Its leaves on long petioles have an elliptical elongated shape and a bright green color. The flowering period of this species of primrose is from April to July. Single flowers are attached to high, but thin peduncles.

Popular varieties of stemless primrose for home cultivation:

Sphinx Apricot
Sphinx F1 neon Rose

Eclipse Violet with Rim
Auricula argus

• Sphinx Apricot has an interesting color of flowers. It is reddish with a transition to bright orange;

• Sphinx F1 neon Rose blooms with bright pink-raspberry flowers;

• Eclipse Violet with Rim has amazing lilac flowers with a golden border;

• garden primrose Auricula argus usually grown indoors for forcing the plant at the end of winter. It is they who decorate our apartments with their colorful flowering on the March holidays. After the primrose has faded, it is again planted in the garden, where it can grow and bloom for more than one year.

Primrose care at home

Primula belongs to unpretentious flowers; any beginner in flower business can grow it. We will introduce you to some of the features of growing it at home.

Temperature and location of primrose in the apartment

For a comfortable maintenance of primrose in room conditions, a low air temperature is needed. Maximum 18 - 20 gr. During flowering, the temperature should be even lower, 12 - 15 gr. Normal room temperature is much higher. Therefore, from early spring to mid-autumn, when the temperature outside allows, we recommend taking this plant to the open air of a loggia, balcony or veranda. After flowering, you can even transplant the primrose into the ground for personal plot, somewhere under the crown of trees. In the winter months, it is better to keep the primrose at home on the windowsill, away from the radiator and closer to the cold glass. To do this, it is better to choose window sills of northern, eastern or western directions.

In a temperate climate, primroses are not afraid of wintering in the garden, they will calmly overwinter without much shelter. So, if you have a hybrid variety, it's up to you to bring the primrose into the room or leave it to winter outside.

Lighting

Primula belongs to light-loving plants. Its place should be located on a well-lit windowsill. Primrose should be protected only from direct sunlight - burns can destroy the delicate foliage of the plant. Diffused lighting will be just right. In the winter months, if you did not send the primrose to the basement to sleep, you will have to use additional lighting (phyto lamp or fluorescent lamp).

Air humidity

Primrose does not like too dry air. With moderate and high humidity, it feels great. If you notice that the tips of her leaves began to dry, then the air in the room is too dry. Start spraying the plant with warm settled water. Try to moisten only the leaves and stems of the primrose, do not get water on its flowers. Put containers with primroses in pallets with wet expanded clay - this will also raise the humidity in the room and will maintain the necessary soil moisture in the flower pot.

Watering

Proper watering is very important for the health and blooming appearance of the primrose. Water the plant should be moderate and regular. During flowering, the soil should be slightly moist at all times. We recommend maintaining constant humidity with the help of pallets filled with wet claydite, moss or sand. Primrose pots will feel good on them. Remember to only add water to the pan if necessary.

After flowering, the plant should be watered only when the top layer of soil in the pot dries. Do not pour water on the leaves. Use only settled water, room temperature. During the dormant period, the primrose should be watered less frequently and less abundantly so that the soil does not turn sour and the root system does not rot.

With a lack of watering, another misfortune may happen - the soil with the root system will dry out, and the stem may die.

The soil

The composition of the soil for growing primrose should be peat, sand, leafy and soddy soil in equal proportions. Acidic soil is not suitable at all. If you use purchased soil for primrose, pay attention to this. Suitable soil mixture for geraniums.

Fertilizers and top dressings

The plant does not tolerate excess salt in the soil. Therefore, it should be fertilized very carefully with fertilizers for decorative flowering houseplants. The doses indicated on the packages should be halved. Apply fertilizer from February until the end of flowering. Once every two weeks is enough. During conditional rest, the plant is not fed.

Primrose transplant and pot

We recommend replanting perennial primroses no more than once a year. Either fall or early spring. During flowering, the primrose is not transplanted! The pot must be prepared slightly larger than the previous one. It should be wide, but not deep, since the root system of the primrose is superficial. At the bottom, put a 2 cm drainage layer (expanded clay or pebbles), pour some fresh soil. Remove your primrose from the old pot, along with the root system, and carefully transfer to the new pot. Fill in free space containers with soil mixture, occasionally shaking it to fill all the voids inside the pot. Water and put in the old place.

Primrose breeding

At home, primrose is propagated in several ways. Consider reproduction by dividing the bush, seeds and cuttings.

The division of the primrose bush

The simplest and better way is to propagate primrose by dividing the bush. We recommend using a three or, better, four year old plant for this. Keep in mind that you can divide the bush only after the completion of its flowering period, somewhere in a week or two. Remove the flower from the pot, shake off the soil from the roots and carefully divide the plant into separate parts with your growth bud. Sprinkle slices with ash or crushed coal. Parts of the primrose immediately plant at some distance from each other in a low container, cover with glass or film and grow for some time in a bright place. Water generously. After a couple of weeks, transplant the bushes into separate pots and take care of them like adult plants.

Reproduction by seeds

If you have chosen this method of propagating primrose with seeds, keep in mind that it is more troublesome and lengthy. Seeds can be planted both in summer and in November-December. We recommend planting them in the summer. Use any containers for sowing - wide, shallow pots or containers. Fill them with loose substrate, moisten it. Distribute the seeds evenly over the surface, lightly sprinkle them with earth. Planting cover with a film or lid. Put the greenhouse in a cool place from 16 to 20 gr. If necessary, moisten the soil, ventilate the seedlings.

Sprouts will appear in 15-20 days. After a couple of months, divide the thick seedlings and transplant them into separate pots. They need diffused light, moderate watering and protection from sunlight and drafts. The temperature of the primrose loves low, up to 15 gr. In autumn, pots should be placed in cool, but bright rooms. With proper care, young primroses may well bloom for the New Year.

Propagation by cuttings

If your primrose has only one rosette of leaves or a weak root system, and there is no way to divide the bush into parts, you will have to master the method of propagation of primrose by cuttings.

From the mother bush at the base of the root collar, separate the primrose leaf with the petiole and growth bud with a sharp knife. Cut off the top half of the sheet. Plant the cutting in a container of peat. Sprinkle some river sand on top. Moisten the substrate. Close the container lid. Put in a bright warm place (16 - 18 gr) for rooting. Moisten the soil regularly and ventilate the greenhouse. Be patient - rooting lasts 3 - 4 months. When roots and small leaves appear, the seedling can be transplanted into a permanent small pot with soil normal for primrose. Your primrose will bloom not earlier than in 6 - 7 months.

Forcing primrose

Two-year-old garden primroses are better suited for forcing. In autumn, with the onset of the first frosts, dig up the flower along with a clod of earth and place it in a free flower pot. Bring in a cold room for the winter (in the basement or cellar). The temperature of its content should be from 3 to 5 gr. Watering is not required. At higher temperatures and watering, the primrose will begin to grow, and the flower buds will be oppressed. In such a gloomy place she would have to stay until February.

In February, bring the primrose into the house, clean it of old and damaged leaves and parts of the stem. If necessary, transplant into a new pot. Place the primrose rosette at soil level. Place the pots in a well-lit but cool place. The temperature should not be higher than 10 gr. heat. At higher temperatures, the primrose will begin to increase the green mass of the leaves to the detriment of flowering. Water regularly and moderately.

After the appearance of buds - feed the plant. Very soon, usually by March 8, the primrose will begin to bloom and delight others with its bright multi-colored bouquets. To make flowering more spectacular and long-lasting, remove the yellow lower leaves and faded flowers from the bushes in time. After the end of flowering, the primrose can be planted again in the garden.

Keep in mind that forcing one plant is used no more than once every three years.

Diseases and pests

The most common disease in primroses is caused by the fungus Ramularia cercosporella. The disease affects the flower in late spring. Round pale spots appear on the leaves. Then the spots turn gray, become brown with yellow stains. In summer, the leaves become covered with a white-gray bloom, dry out. Primrose stops growing, blooming, may die. Leaves affected by the disease must be destroyed. Treat the plant with fungicides, for example, foundationazole, topsin or oxychom.

With constant waterlogging of the soil, primrose can get root rot. powdery mildew, rust, anthracnose - these diseases can also affect your primrose with unworthy care. Remove the affected parts of the plant, treat the plant with fungicides. If the disease is running, the flower will have to be destroyed.

We introduced you to the wonderful spring primroses - primroses. These unpretentious plants can decorate any corner of your home and garden. They take root easily, bloom for a long time, and multiply easily. Try to breed these wonderful flowers yourself - they will not give you trouble when grown at home.

This post has no tags