The compartment is a garden flower. Kupena is a sprawling green beauty. Kupena squat or low Polygonatum humile

Sometimes the gardener has to decide difficult tasks... For example, choose a shade-tolerant plant that can be placed even under the dense crown of trees.

In this case, a purchase is suitable, planting and caring for it are just carried out in shaded areas. Otherwise, the seal of Solomon, as this spectacular representative of the Asparagus family is also called, will refuse to bloom.

In nature, Kupena grows in shady forests. All species, and there are up to 50 of them, are perennial, usually bloom in May-June, berries appear in autumn. Different cultivars can vary strikingly in height, leaf shape and color.

The giant Chinese kupena grows up to 120 centimeters in height; almost a hundred snow-white flowers can appear on the stem of a large bush. A hardy crescent-shaped variety called Silver Lining will surprise you with unusual leaves decorated with silver stripes. The species Polygonatum kingianum blooms with a rich orange or red.

There are also dwarf squat kupins, their height barely reaches 35 centimeters, the leaves resemble lily of the valley, and the white flowers are very fragrant. There are very miniature bushes about 15 centimeters tall. Landscape designers I also fell in love with the many-flowered, broad-leaved, fragrant, pink, Caucasian kupena.

How to plant and care for a compartment

It is important to remember that planting and caring for the bush will not be crowned with success if you do not protect the plant from direct sun rays... The site should be shady, but partial shade is also possible. The soil will need fertile, moist, sandy loam or loamy will do.

Theoretically, kupena can be propagated by seeds and dividing rhizomes. But practice shows that the first option is less successful, the seeds very quickly lose their germination. But thick rhizome segments rarely fail.

Before planting, you must carefully examine the rhizome. The fact is that the buds on it can be floral - larger, with a blunt end, and growth - smaller, the end is pointed. Tuber section with flower buds can be planted immediately on a permanent site, the plant will bloom next year. It is better to plant the part with growth buds on a separate bed, it has to grow. Solomon's seal is remarkably adaptable after transplant.

It is better to plant rhizomes in early spring or early September. If it is a permanent area, it is advisable to keep a distance of about 15 centimeters between them. If a piece is planted for growing, 10 centimeters is enough. A shallow hole is made in the soil, drainage is placed on the bottom, then a rhizome with at least one bud is lowered there, covered with earth and moistened. Watering must be provided daily for the next week, except on days when it rains.

Caring for the bush is extremely simple, regular moisture is enough for it, but adult bushes tolerate drought well. Moreover, they restrain the appearance of weeds and weed the area with plants rarely. Diseases of Solomon's seal are rare. The caterpillars of the sawfly can become malicious pests, sometimes in the summer they devour leaves in a matter of days, so it is important not to miss the appearance of insects.

Solomon's seal is a godsend for a garden that has no time to care for. It hibernates without shelter, grows remarkably in one place without transplanting.

Another perennial, which can grow in the shade - this is a buy ( Polygonatum) from the Landyshev family. It looks modest, but very elegant, ideal for a garden in a natural style, and grows quickly when suitable conditions are created. English name of Kupena Solomon "s Sealtranslated means "seal of Solomon" indicates its useful medicinal properties... If you are going to plant this perennial in your garden, pay attention to what the purchase loves and does not tolerate. Planting and care, soil requirements, breeding methods - you can find out about all this in this article.

What does a purchase look like?

An unpretentious perennial up to 1.5 meters high (dwarf varieties from 10 centimeters): multi-generation rhizome, broad leaves veined, knotty stem, inclining to the ground, often with white, less often with pink, cream, greenish, purple bell-shaped flowers (bloom in May). Breeders have developed new variegated crop varieties. Green leaves with veins look very nice white, edged with a strip.

Flowering lasts 3-4 weeks, but even after its end, when dark blue or red berries appear, the plants continue to attract attention with their appearance.

Attention! All parts of the plant are poisonous!

Polygonatum giganteum Kupena multiflorous ‘Variegatum’ Kupena fragrant ‘Variegatum’

Hybrid ‘Betburg’ Kupena fragrant, f. variegated Polygonatum pubescens

Place for boarding kupyna

In principle, it can grow on any soil, but it looks best when planted in the shade or partial shade. Prefers dense, fertile soils. It grows worse on poor soils and in the sun and does not look so impressive. Loves moist soils, but does not tolerate stagnant moisture. It is also undesirable for the groundwater to come close to the surface at the selected location. Kupena grows well under the trees, forming real thickets in which the weeds do not survive.

For planting on ridges, a complete mineral fertilizer (15 grams per plant) or wood ash is applied. Drainage is poured into the planting pits (crushed stone or sand is suitable), compost is added, which is mixed with the top layer of garden soil.

How does Kupena reproduce?

Rhizome division - the easiest way to reproduce. Rhizomes are geniculate, with marks from dying stems, which are called seals. They determine the age of the plant. It is not difficult to divide the rhizomes, they are fragile. By the end of summer, plants have time to form renewal buds. Therefore, the division of the rhizome is carried out in late August or early spring no more often than once every 3-4 years. In addition to renewing the plant and obtaining planting material, this event allows you to keep the bush under control. And it happens that she is in mixed plantings oppresses and even drives out its neighbors.

Delenki with kidneys are planted to a depth of 8 centimeters, placing them horizontally, at a distance of at least 20 centimeters from each other. After planting, lay out the mulch. It should be noted that the first couple of years the kupena grows very slowly.

Seed propagation

In amateur floriculture, they rarely use: the seeds are tied poorly, they quickly lose their germination, and a plant grown from seeds begins to bloom in the 3rd, and sometimes even in the 5th year. Hybrid varieties are not propagated by seeds at all - the offspring may not retain the characteristics of the mother plant. Seeds are planted before winter, seedlings usually appear in spring, it happens only for 2 years.

Care

The culture does not require special care:

• Watering is needed in dry times, regular.
• So that after watering a crust does not form, planting must be mulched; during loosening, fragile rhizomes can be accidentally damaged.
• Only in the first years after planting is it necessary to weed. Then, when the kupena grows larger, they will no longer be able to break through the powerful curtains.
• If the soil is fertile, it is not necessary to fertilize the plants every year. But for their better development, it is advisable to add organic matter (manure or compost) and mineral fertilizers every spring.
• Shoots are cut for the winter - up to 5 centimeters in height. Young plantings are covered with a layer of mulch.
• Frequent transplants are not pleasant to the purchase. In one place (if there is no need to obtain planting material), it can be up to 10 years.
• The culture is not afraid of diseases and pests - they almost always bypass it. Sometimes, towards the end of summer, slugs attack the plants. They can be dealt with with the help of Intavir.

Purchased in landscape design and not only

The plant is not replaceable in shady gardens. In them, she gets along well with the dicenter, ferns, doronicum. Suitable for growing in a rocky garden, suitable for joint landings with daylilies, hosts, irises, heuchera, tulips, primroses, forest geraniums. Often grown to cover desolate, unsightly garden areas.

Kupena multi-flowered "Double Stuff"

It is good bought in cut: it is often used to create floristic compositions and in bouquets. Suitable for winter forcing: parts of the rhizome are planted in flower pots and brought into the room.

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Kupena is somewhat similar to a lily of the valley. As soon as they do not call it among the people: deaf lily of the valley, kokornik, signet, solomon seal, wolf grass, wolf's fang, core, crow berries. This unpretentious perennial not only decorative, but also one of the medicinal plants.

Kupena is unpretentious and grows quickly

Kupena (Polygonatum) - perennial rhizome herbaceous plant, which in nature often grows in meadows and slopes. Lignified multi-generational (articular) rhizome located horizontally near the soil surface. In spring, a new stem grows from the bud at the end of the root. In the fall, it dies off, leaving a mark that looks like a seal. The age of the plant is determined by the number of small round scars with a depressed middle from last year's stems ("Solomon's seal").

Ribbed stems covered with a thin, smooth skin of green color, in some species with a reddish tint. The shoots are bent in a half-arc, large sessile oval-shaped leaves with smooth edges, a pointed tip and embossed veins are alternately located on them.

In May - June, bought blooms... First, snow-white bell-shaped buds hang from the axils of the leaves along the lower edge of the stem, then flowers bloom. They smell nice. After pollination, fruits appear. These are reddish berries that turn blue-black when ripe. The fruits are bought with poisonous seeds.

Flowers bought

Types of purchased

About 50 types of kupen are described, many of which are decorative.

Pharmacy bought (medicinal), or fragrant (P. odoratum). The height of a perennial with ribbed stems, on which oval-shaped leaves sit, is 30 - 65 cm. Flowering begins in the second half of May and lasts almost 5 weeks. The flowers are snow-white, bell-shaped.

Kupena whorled (P. verticillatum). This type of plant, 30-60 cm tall, blooms in June-July. Its lower sessile elongated narrow leaves are attached alternately, the upper ones are collected in whorls of 4 - 8 pcs. The Rubrum variety is popular.

Kupena multiflorous (P. multiflorum). The height of the perennial is about 1 m. The leaves are arranged in two rows. Snow-white small flowers are collected in bunches of up to four pieces in the axils of the leaves. It is a moisture-loving species that grows well in the shade. Kupena multiflorous variegatum (P. odoratum) has leaves with longitudinal white stripes. It is also good after flowering.

Broadleaf Kupena (P. hirtum). The height of this species is about 50 cm. The oval leaves have pointed tops. The flowers are white with a greenish tint. They bloom at the end of May.

Kupena is squat, or low (P. humile). A low-growing plant with a height of 15 - 35 cm has sessile leaves of a light green color. The flowers are white with a noticeable pinkish tinge.

Kupena Hooker (P. hookeri). This is a unique dwarf species of Kupena less than 10 cm high. The oblong leaves are narrow. The flowers have a distinct purple hue.

Kupena Pratty (P. prattii). This is very decorative view with lilac bells, collected in paniculate brushes. Stems are dark purple, elongated leaves are greenish-silvery.

Reproduction Kupena

Kupena reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. Consider first seed propagation method this plant, in which it is possible to grow a large number of seedlings. But it's troublesome enough. You can use it yourself harvested seeds... First, you need to collect the ripe fruits, extract the seeds from them and rinse them from the pulp. After that, the seeds are stratified (in the refrigerator) for a month. Then they start sowing, filling the container with a sand-peat mixture. It is left for three months in a cool place (+ 5 ° C).

After three months, the container with the crops is moved to a warm place for a short time (+20 - 23 ° C). But in order for the seeds to germinate together, they need coolness again for one to two months. After that, the container with the crops is kept in a warm room (+20 - 23 ° C) with diffused lighting and the soil is regularly moistened. The seedlings grow slowly at first.

Planting in a permanent place in a flower garden is carried out in late spring. Flowering is expected only in the third - fourth year.

Dividing the bush - the easiest way to breed kupena. It is usually held in late summer or early autumn. I divide my overgrown kupins in the spring when shoots start to grow. I take into account that when digging and planting, it is easy to break off young shoots.

It is advisable to divide the bushes every four to five years, because the overgrown kupena climbs into the territory of neighboring plants. The dug out bush is carefully cut into pieces. In each division there should be a segment of rhizome with a bud of growth, in the fall, necessarily with a part of the stem.

When planting, you need to carefully straighten the rhizome, deepening it by 5 - 8 cm. Delenki are planted at a distance of at least 20 cm. Only after that watering is carried out and a little dry soil is added. In the fall, you need to additionally mulch the landing site.

The first two years the kupena is mastered in a new place, after which it blooms and begins to grow actively.

Raindrops on Kupena leaves

Bath care

A place... Kupena grows best in a semi-shady place.

Watering... This unpretentious perennial plant is surprisingly undemanding to watering. In dry summers, the soil must be moistened more often. Mulching perfectly retains moisture and eliminates the need for loosening, which can damage the rhizome.

Top dressing... A complex mineral fertilizer is applied to the fertile soil in early spring. The poor one is necessarily flavored with organic matter. The second feeding is carried out during the flowering period.

Diseases and pests... Kupena is classified as a plant with good health. But its leaves are spoiled by slugs and some sucking pests.

Not only slugs, snails, but also other pests that appear in the second half of summer feast on juicy leaves.

Wintering... AT middle lane kupena winters well without difficult shelters. It is enough to cover the ground with compost, a mixture of peat and sand or sawdust in the fall. On blown-through places, it is worth covering with spruce branches for snow retention. In the spring, it is harvested before young shoots appear.

Purchased at registration of the site

Kupena is good after flowering. It has curved shoots that only die off in autumn. This perennial is often used for landscaping shady places, but it also decorates well-lit areas.

Kupena looks great next to stones and snags. Especially if they are covered with thick moss. It can be safely planted at the edge of decorative pools and in rockeries, if there is a place with fertile soil there.

In flower beds, it looks amazing next to ground cover plants, for example, with a tenacious (ayuga), monet lobe, periwinkle, filamentous veronica, etc. A wonderful neighborhood - with a garden cuff, which emphasizes the beauty of other plants (article “Cuff: a garden plant or a useful weed? "). I have a lot of bulbous primroses (crocuses, scilla, etc.) settled around this perennial. They have been living their own lives on our site for a long time and appear in the spring even in the most inappropriate places. Kupena looks amazing next to white lilacs.

Blooming kupena and white lilac

Kupena as a medicinal plant

Kupena has long been referred to as medicinal plants that help with many diseases. Traditional healers use it, but do not forget about contraindications:

Kupena is a poisonous plant. Roots, grass, flowers and berries are emetic. Overdose can lead to more unpleasant, even dangerous, symptoms. Kupena is contraindicated in pregnancy (RB Akhmedov "Plants are your friends and foes").

This plant relieves pain, inflammation, stops bleeding and helps with severe coughs. But often self-medication leads to bad consequences. Therefore, without consulting a specialist, you should not use decoctions and infusions bought inside. Better to use fresh juice applied externally. It heals wounds well and heals abscesses.

Kupena is able to quickly heal wounds, bleeding abrasions, bruises, as well as relieve bruises and bruises.
The easiest way is to use a decoction: boil 2 - 3 tablespoons of chopped roots over low heat in 0.5 liters of water for 20 minutes. Use for compresses and lotions. Do not take internally, since this dosage is strong, it will immediately cause vomiting. For oral administration, the proportions are different. The plant is poisonous, it requires an attentive attitude towards itself (RB Akhmedov "Odolen-grass").

Kupena and mysticism

Kupena is often called the "seal of Solomon" or "the seal of Solomon". There are two legends associated with this plant and the biblical king Solomon. In one of them, the king, who lived for a very long time, marked the kupena with his seal, so that it would be easier to find a healing plant that prolongs people's life. In the second legend, the tsar ordered to put the same pattern on his seal, which he saw on the round scars on the rhizomes of the kupena.

From a dried piece of rhizome "with a seal" is made amuletstrengthening family ties.

The peasants cut off those pieces that looked like a cross from the root and wore them as amulet from the evil eye, damage and anger of heavenly forces (lightning, hail, etc.).

Healers still speak on the "seal of Solomon" hernia.

A shoot of a kupena with an even number of leaves was called “ loupe". In the old days, he was insisted on spring water, and then washed his face with it so that the damaged skin came off. They also found a shoot with an odd number of leaves, or “ foam". They washed their face with such an infusion to reduce freckles and other age spots.

Burning bush... Our beautiful Kupena has nothing to do (except for a similar pronunciation) with dictamnus, or ash (Dictamnus). This southern perennial plant of the Rutovye family is well known in the Crimea and the Caucasus. During flowering, a characteristic pharmacy smell appears. The fruit smells like freshly ground cinnamon. The insidiousness of this flowering plant lies in the fact that a burn on the skin is felt only after a few hours, when watery blisters appear. After them, a wound remains. She heals for a long time. The ash is shrouded in ethereal vapors, so the flame burns them without damaging the plant itself. One gets the impression that the fire scorches him, but cannot ignite.

© "Podmoskovye", 2012-2018. Copying of texts and photos from the site pоdmoskоvje.cоm is prohibited. All rights reserved.

Sometimes the gardener has to solve difficult tasks. For example, choose a shade-tolerant plant that can be placed even under the dense crown of trees.

In this case, a purchase is suitable, planting and caring for it are just carried out in shaded areas. Otherwise, the seal of Solomon, as this spectacular representative of the Asparagus family is also called, will refuse to bloom.

In nature, Kupena grows in shady forests. All species, and there are up to 50 of them, are perennial, usually bloom in May-June, berries appear in autumn. Different cultivars can vary strikingly in height, leaf shape and color.

The giant Chinese kupena grows up to 120 centimeters in height; almost a hundred snow-white flowers can appear on the stem of a large bush. A hardy crescent-shaped variety called Silver Lining will surprise you with unusual leaves decorated with silver stripes. The species Polygonatum kingianum blooms with a rich orange or red.

There are also dwarf squat kupins, their height barely reaches 35 centimeters, the leaves resemble lily of the valley, and the white flowers are very fragrant. There are very miniature bushes about 15 centimeters tall. Landscape designers also fell in love with multi-flowered, broad-leaved, fragrant, pink, Caucasian kupena.

How to plant and care for a compartment

It is important to remember that planting and caring for the bath will not be successful if you do not protect the plant from direct sunlight. The site should be shady, but partial shade is also possible. The soil will need fertile, moist, sandy loam or loamy will do.

Theoretically, kupena can be propagated by seeds and dividing rhizomes. But practice shows that the first option is less successful, the seeds very quickly lose their germination. But thick rhizome segments rarely fail.

Before planting, you must carefully examine the rhizome. The fact is that the buds on it can be floral - larger, with a blunt end, and growth - smaller, the end is pointed. A section of a tuber with flower buds can be immediately planted in a permanent area, the plant will bloom the next year. It is better to plant the part with growth buds on a separate bed, it has to grow. Solomon's seal is remarkably adaptable after transplant.

It is better to plant rhizomes in early spring or early September. If it is a permanent area, it is advisable to keep a distance of about 15 centimeters between them. If a piece is planted for growing, 10 centimeters is enough. A shallow hole is made in the soil, drainage is placed on the bottom, then a rhizome with at least one bud is lowered there, covered with earth and moistened. Watering must be provided daily for the next week, except on days when it rains.

Caring for the bush is extremely simple, regular moisture is enough for it, but adult bushes tolerate drought well. Moreover, they restrain the appearance of weeds and weed the area with plants rarely. Diseases of Solomon's seal are rare. The caterpillars of the sawfly can become malicious pests, sometimes in the summer they devour leaves in a matter of days, so it is important not to miss the appearance of insects.

Solomon's seal is a godsend for a garden that has no time to care for. It hibernates without shelter, grows remarkably in one place without transplanting.

Kupena with graceful stems and large leaves is very decorative and will help diversify the shady zones of the site. It is often placed in a group with shrubs and trees, planted near water bodies, decorate mixborders and flower beds.

Low-growing varieties are useful for decorating large rockeries and rock gardens.

The plant is also suitable for cutting, you can create very beautiful table compositions.

Kupena is a perennial herb of the Asparagus family. In its natural environment, it lives in the subtropical and temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, prefers slopes, meadows.

Botanical description

By appearance similar to lily of the valley. Plant height ranges from 10 cm to 1.5 m. Rhizome is multi-generational, woody, mainly located horizontally close to the soil surface. On the rhizome there are rounded traces with a depressed middle - the so-called seal of Solomon. According to legend, she was abandoned by the king thanks to medicinal properties plants. The return of the plant is determined from these marks.

Numerous points of growth release stems to the surface. They are ribbed, covered with a thin smooth skin of a green or reddish hue. Arcuate shoots are covered with large sessile leaves arranged alternately. The shape of the leaf plate is oval, the edges are smooth, the top is pointed. The leaves are covered with embossed veins running vertically.

When it blooms

Flowering occurs in May-June. Snow-white bell-shaped buds appear in the leaf axils. They are collected in whorls, hang along the lower edge of the stem, and exude a rich, pleasant aroma. After pollination, fruits appear: rounded berries of a reddish hue, which become blue-black as they ripen. Each berry contains 1-9 seeds. Be careful - they are poisonous.

Growing Kupena from seeds

Seeds bought photo

Perhaps seed and vegetative propagation bought.

Growing purchased from seeds is a rather troublesome process, but it allows you to immediately get a large number of seedlings.

• Collect ripe fruits, remove seeds, rinse from pulp.
• Store the seeds in the vegetable section of the refrigerator for about 1 month.
• Sow in a container with a sand-peat mixture and keep at an air temperature of + 2-5 ° C for 3 months.
• The next 3 months crops should be kept warm (about 20-23 ° C).
• Then keep cool again for about 3 months - at this stage, the seeds will begin to germinate.

Purchased from seed photos of seedlings

• The sprouts develop slowly. Grow at an air temperature of 20-23 ° C, illumination is necessary diffused, moisten the soil.
• Planting outdoors in the spring. Flowering will occur in the 3-4th year of growth.

Reproduction by dividing the bush

Carry out vegetative propagation in late summer or early autumn.

Rhizome division is the most simple and effective method reproduction. The bushes should be divided every 3-4 years, otherwise the kupena will greatly expand and drown out its neighbors. Dig out the bush, carefully divide it into pieces. The strips should be large, contain a piece of rhizome with growth buds and part of the stem.

How to plant kupen seedlings

Delenki, as well as plants grown from seeds, are planted in the same way.

• Dig the area to the depth of a shovel bayonet, get rid of weeds, level the soil.
• It is recommended to add complex mineral fertilizers, compost, ash. Add sand to dense, heavy soil.
• When planting, place the rhizome horizontally, deepen by 8-9 cm.
• Keep a distance of about 20 cm between plantings. Compact the soil, water it.

Delenki will take root for about 2 years, and then the bush will begin to grow and bloom.

Grows best in the shade. It develops more slowly in a sunny area.

How to care for a bath in the garden

Watering and loosening the soil

Water only in severe drought.

To maintain moisture and to avoid crust formation on the soil surface, the site should be mulched. It is not recommended to loosen the soil so as not to damage the roots of the plant. Pull the weeds gently.

Top dressing

If the soil is fertile, apply complex mineral fertilizer or organic matter in early spring. Fertilize lean soil in spring and during flowering.

Diseases and pests

The plant is resistant to diseases and pests. Occasionally slugs may appear on juicy greenery. Collect them by hand, use traps, you can cover the soil surface with a thin layer of ash or crushed eggshells.

Wintering

In the middle lane, Kupena successfully winters without shelter. If winters in your region with frosts above 20 ° C, mulch the soil with peat, sawdust, cover with spruce branches. Remove the shelter in the spring.

Kupena in landscape design

Buy in garden design photo

In landscape design, the compartment is most often planted for landscaping shady areas. Grows well in illuminated areas. It retains its decorative effect even after flowering - luscious greenery dies off in autumn.

Looks good in rockeries, rocky gardens, will become a bright accent in a vertical planting with low-growing plants (daisies, asters, phlox, hydrangea, corydalis, pansies, etc.).

Purchased in landscape design photo mixborder

It is combined with daylilies, irises, dicentra, and will advantageously cover withered greenery of faded tulips and other spring bulbs.

Cupena healing properties

Roots and shoots are rich in alkaloids, saponins, glucose and other active substances. Due to this, the plant is used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, analgesic, enveloping, expectorant.

With fresh juice, abscesses are externally treated, wounds heal. The broth is taken for bronchitis, stomach ulcers, pneumonia.

Alcohol tincture on the roots of kupena should be taken for headaches, gout, osteochondrosis, heart failure.

Be sure to consult your doctor before using any folk remedies... Overdose leads to negative consequences.

Types bought with photos and names

The genus has about 50 species. Let's consider some of them, grown decoratively.

Bought a pharmacy or medicinal, it is also fragrant Polygonatum odoratum

Bought a pharmacy or medicinal, she is also fragrant Polygonatum odoratum

Kupena 30-65 cm high. The ribbed stems are covered with oval-shaped leaves. Flowering starts in mid to late May and lasts about 5 weeks. The flowers are snow-white, bell-shaped.

Kupena whorled Polygonatum verticillatum

Kupena whorled Polygonatum verticillatum cultivar 'Rubrum' photo

Plant height is 30-60 cm. The leaves are sessile, the lower ones are attached alternately, the upper ones are collected in whorls of 4-8 pcs. Leaf length is 10-17 cm, width - 1.5 cm. Flowering begins in June-July.

Kupena multiflorous Polygonatum multiflorum

Kupena multiflorous Polygonatum multiflorum photo

Plant height is about 1 m. Leaves are arranged in two rows. Small snow-white flowers of 1-4 are collected in the axils of the leaves. Grows best in the shade, loves moisture.

Kupena broadleaf Polygonatum hirtum

The height is about 50 cm. The leaves are oval with pointed tops. At the end of May, white flowers appear with a green tint.

Kupena squat or low Polygonatum humile

Kupena broadleaf Polygonatum hirtum photo

Kupena 15-35 cm high. Leaves are sessile, light green in color. The flowers are white with a pinkish tinge.

Hooker's Kupena Polygonatum hookeri

Hooker's Kupena Polygonatum hookeri photo

Original look. The dwarf is only 5 cm high. The leaves are narrow, oblong. The flowers are purple.

Kupena variegated

Purchased multiflorous variegatum Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’

Beautiful varieties with longitudinal white stripes along the leaves. Even fading away, such a kupena remains a central accent in mixborders.

Kupena pratti Polygonatum prattii

Kupena pratty Polygonatum prattii photo

A beautiful plant with placers of lilac bluebells, collected in dense panicle brushes. The leaves are lanceolate, elongated, have a peculiar greenish-silvery color. Stems are dark purple.

Kupena is a herbaceous perennial plant. A distinctive feature is thick, fleshy erect peduncles with thin drooping petioles. The petioles on the stems are arranged alternately, on which white or greenish-white bell-shaped flowers hang. Peduncles develop in early spring from a knotty root system. The leaves on the peduncles are arranged in two rows, from top to bottom. The shape of the leaves is oval-elongated. In the article, we will consider the step-by-step cultivation of Kupen in open ground, reproduction and determine where and when to plant a flower.

More than 20-25 flowers are located on one erect peduncle of the Kupena.

In their natural environment, you can find Kupena with pink, purple and cream flowers. Depending on the species, Kupena is dwarf and tall, the height of the first bush reaches no more than 10 cm; the second is 1.5 m.

The bell-shaped flowers of the Kupena bloom in May. Duration of flowering 3-4 weeks. After flowering, poisonous dark blue berries appear.

A shade-loving plant was bought. It grows rapidly under favorable conditions. It prefers to grow in moist, fertile soil. Kupena has a multi-stage root system. The plant is propagated by seeds and dividing the rhizome.

Planting spot in the garden

Kupena grows well in sunny and shaded areas, which means it can become a worthy decoration of any corner of the site. Kupena responds with lush flowering on almost any soil. However, the duration of flowering and resistance to low temperatures and diseases of a given plant depends on the fertility of the soil.

Kupena poorly tolerates waterlogged soils, as well as soils with a close occurrence of groundwater. Intolerance to highly moist soils is associated with the root system of the plant, which quickly decays even with a slight accumulation of water.

Kupena is best planted under trees and shrubs, which will not only shade the plant, but also take over most of the water with abundant soil moisture. Kupena can be grown in areas where weeds germinate annually. Kupena forms dense thickets, which helps in the fight against weeds. Read also the article: → "How to deal with weeds in the garden: the best methods and means."

Kupena looks good along the fence and wall of the house. Can serve as a shield for other plants from direct sunlight.

Preparing the soil on the site for planting kupena

The process of preparing the soil for planting Kupena begins with the completion summer season... The main activities for soil preparation include:

• removal of weeds;
• digging the soil by 25-30 cm (or a shovel bayonet);
• introduction drainage material into the soil;
• introduction mineral fertilizers;

Many gardeners prefer to use sand and gravel as drainage.Such components make it possible to improve the mechanical structure of the soil, namely, they make the soil more air-permeable, and therefore fertile, since in such soil there is an intensive growth and development of beneficial microorganisms. Moreover, the Kupena root system on a well-aerated soil easily absorbs the required amount of nutrients produced beneficial organisms, as well as micro - and macro elements introduced into the soil as fertilizers by humans.

In the table, we will consider the types of drainage for growing Kupena in the open field:

Drainage types	Drainage features	Breeding species Kupena
Perlite	Makes the soil structure porous. Promotes good rooting of root suckers, cuttings, cuttings	When propagating by dividing the rhizome
Vermiculite	It absorbs most of the water, in case of drought it returns some of the water to the roots.	When transplanting and propagating a plant by divisions
Charcoal	Protects the top layer from flooding	Used at all stages of plant development
Sand	Prevents stagnant water at the roots	When planting seeds and dividing rhizomes
Crushed stone	Promotes the penetration of water into deeper layers, which avoids stagnation of water at the roots	For all types of reproduction

Reproduction Kupena by dividing the rhizome

Kupena reproduces mainly in a vegetative way, namely by dividing the rhizome. The procedure for dividing the rhizome of the mother plant can be carried out throughout the year. However, it is best to divide the rhizome in August. During this period, there are fully formed growth points on the roots. Consider step by step instructions on the landing of the Kupena divisions:

• add complex mineral fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 g per m2;
• dig up the soil together with mineral fertilizers by 20-30 cm.
• add wood ash to the dug and fertilized soil at the rate of 10-15 g per plant;
• before planting, treat the delenki in a growth stimulator solution;
• ready-made cuttings with at least two buds are placed horizontally at a depth of 10-12 cm.
• the soil is lightly compacted with a garden trowel and watered abundantly with water.

For the first year and a half, cuttings planted in open ground will grow slowly. Active growth begins as soon as the rhizome takes root in a new place.

Tip # 1. Rhizome plots should be large, since large plots contain a sufficient amount of nutrients necessary for further successful rooting.

Kupena has a horizontal root with bulges, each of which has a mark that resembles an old seal. That is why Kupena is popularly known as the Solomon's seal.

Reproduction Kupena seeds in the open field

Kupena is propagated by seeds very rarely, since the seeds of the plant are rarely tied. Seeds are formed when the plant is pollinated with the help of long-trunk bumblebees. Moreover, Kupena seeds have a low germination rate and do not retain the varietal characteristics of the parent plant.

Seeds of Kupena must be stratified before planting in early spring. Therefore, experienced gardeners prefer to sow seeds in late autumn. Such seeds do not require stratification, as they are naturally stratified in winter.

Consider the step-by-step instructions for sowing seeds in open ground:

• elevated beds with a height of 5-7 cm are formed on the site;
• seeds are sown in a belt method at a distance of 5-10 cm, depending on the desired planting density;
• deepen the seeds into the soil by no more than 2-3 cm;
• sowing is sprinkled with loose soil and watered abundantly with water.

Seedlings appear the next year in late spring. Gardeners note cases of seedlings appearing at the beginning of summer due to the slow development of the plant. In the table, we will consider the advantages and disadvantages of two Kupena breeding methods:

Kupena in landscape design

Kupena forms dense decorative thickets, and well covers empty and unsightly areas. Since Kupena is a shade-loving plant, gardeners often plant trees and decorate tree trunks.

Tall kupena looks good in the central part of the infield, for example, in rockeries with flowers such as pansies, daisies, irises and daylilies. Kupena is planted next to such plants as fern and hellebore in order to protect the plant from the sun's rays. Read also the article: → "We equip country life and create landscape compositions."

Kupena looks good in combination with compact lush plants.

Cultivated varieties Kupeny for planting in the country

Wild varieties Kupena grow in mountain and lowland forests. In regions with a temperate climate. The uncultivated varieties of Kupena are used as medicinal plant... The distribution area of \u200b\u200bmedicinal Kupena is Siberia, the Caucasus and Far East... Consider varieties suitable for growing in garden plots:

• Kupena Fragrant;
• Kupena Multi-flowered;
• Kupena Variegata;
• Kupena Sickle.

The above varieties of Kupena are distinguished by decorative leaves and splendor of flowering. They are characterized as the most winter-hardy. Reach up to 1 m in height. Bloom in late May - early June. Read also the article: → "Beautiful perennial flowers for a summer residence and a garden."

Mineral complex fertilizers for growing Kupena

Mineral fertilizers are necessary for Kupene not only for growth and development, but also for abundant and long flowering. When Kupena is planted in fertile soil, it is enough to introduce individual mineral elements for positive growth and flowering. In the table, we will consider what mineral elements are required for application when planting Kupena, taking into account the type of soil:

a lack of useful elements manifests itself in the form of yellowing of the leaves, weak growth and short flowering. Often, on poor soils, the abscission of unopened buds is observed. With strong mineral starvation, Kupena is characterized by low resistance to pests such as slugs and sawfly.

It is advisable to apply mineral fertilizers taking into account the structure and fertility of the soil. To compensate for the lack of nutrients in the soil, you can use fertilizers such as:

1. With nitrogen deficiency:

• Ammonium nitrate - for introduction into the soil;
• Urea solution - for foliar feeding.

1. With a phosphorus deficiency:

• Superphosphate solution - for foliar feeding;
• Monophosphate - for introduction into the soil.

1. With potassium deficiency:

• Potassium chloride - for introduction into the soil;
• Potassium salt solution - for foliar feeding.

1. With calcium deficiency:

• Calcium sulphate for soil application;

1. With magnesium deficiency:

• Magnesium sulfate for foliar feeding.

The above fertilizers are applied before and after flowering. To reduce the acidity of the soil, it is best to use organic fertilizers, manure, compost or humus. The introduction of complex mineral fertilizers for flowers, as well as biofertilizers to increase soil fertility will not hurt.

Tip # 2. Bad soil for planting Kupena should not be enriched with earthworms. Since the optimal soil moisture for worms should be more than 80%, which means that frequent watering is required, which can negatively affect the growth and development of the plant's root system.

Slugs and sawflies attack plants with weak immune systems.

Common gardeners mistakes when breeding and planting Kupena

1. Grown on highly moist soils or on soils with a close occurrence of groundwater.
2. The soil for planting Kupena choose dense, poorly drained.
3. Kupena is grown in the sunniest areas.
4. Seeds are sown in open ground in spring without stratification.

Frequently asked questions of gardeners when breeding and planting Kupena

Question number 1. How many years can Kupena grow in one place?

Kupena grows in one place from 10 to 15 years, depending on the care of the plant.

Question number 2. Do I need to shelter Kupena for the winter?

If Kupena was planted in fertile soil and a sufficient amount of fertilizer was applied, Kupena can not be covered for the winter. Healthy plants overwinter well outdoors.

Question number 3. How to protect Kupena from slugs?

It is enough for protection to carry out treatment with preparations of wide-spectrum insecticides. These drugs include the universal insecticide "Intavir" or "Aktofit".

Question number 4. How long does Kupena bloom?

The duration of flowering depends on the care of the plant. On average, all types and varieties of Kupena bloom for 4-5 weeks. After flowering, dark berries appear.

Question number 5. Can Kupena be transplanted?

Kupena is very difficult to transfer a transplant, since the survival of the root system in a new place is very slow.

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Perennial shade-loving plants are in great demand in the formed garden. A special microclimate is formed under the canopy of tree crowns, and more and more shady places appear. It's time to pick up flowering shade-loving plants for the garden. One of these plants is kupena. It is unpretentious, blooms pleasantly, and after flowering, due to the curved shape of the shoots and beautiful foliage, it does not lose its decorative effect. So, briefly about planting and caring for a bath in the open field.

Kupena: description

The plant Kupena (Polygonatum) belongs to the Asparagus family. It has thick, shallow horizontal roots. Loves rich moist soils, but does not tolerate long stagnation of water. Leaves are oval or lanceolate, arranged alternately, opposite or whorled on inclined shoots. There are species with an erect stem, but in private gardens, plants with an arched inclination of the stems are more often grown. The shoots are herbaceous, strong enough, do not lodge from the rain.

The kupena acquires special grace during flowering - on the shoots in the axils of the leaves, bell flowers hanging down, which resemble lilies of the valley in shape, appear. The height of the plants depends on the species - from 10 to 150 cm:

• Fragrant or medicinal (P. odoratum) has many garden forms, with a height of 60 to 115 cm, grows rapidly. Though this garden form and grows rapidly, to aggressive plants does not apply - the area of \u200b\u200bits growth can be easily regulated by simply pulling out excess roots, since they do not lie deep. There are variegated variegated forms. Blooms in late May for about 20 days.

• Broad-leaved Kupena (P. latifolium) with a height of about 60 cm can grow on extremely dense, clayey soils. It is quite drought-resistant species. It also blooms at the end of May. It is this species that most of all sets fruits after flowering, so it is easy to propagate it by seeds. Sprouts appear in the second year after planting.

Of the upright species, the following can be called: narrow-leaved kupena (P.stenophyllum), pink kupena (P. roseum), whorled kupena (P. verticillatum).

Kupena: planting and care in the open field

Kupena is propagated most often by dividing the rhizomes, and planting of plants can be carried out without any problems during the entire growing season. But if you transplant segments of rhizomes purchased in August, they will already have ripe buds of resumption of growth. The root is buried 5 cm, placing it horizontally. For good engraftment, maintain soil moisture.

It must be emphasized that the purchase is not just shade-loving garden plants, they are very undemanding to growing conditions and care. In one place the kupenas live for a long time - 10 years or more. In dry weather, they need to provide watering. Kupenny works best in shade and partial shade, on sunny places they shrink. In addition, the plant weakens in the sun and slugs can hit it. So the cultivation of kupena is best done in the shady corners of the garden.

Purchased in garden design

Well bought for compositions in a natural style. They perfectly inhibit the growth of weeds, creating very pretty thickets. Combine with ferns, hosts, hellebores, dicenters. Since they are decorative throughout the growing season and do not require frequent replanting, they can be recommended for creating a stable ground cover in shaded and semi-shaded areas of the garden.

So, when choosing shade-loving perennial garden plants, you should pay special attention to the bush, it is very charming in the shady corners of the garden and is undemanding to care. But if you have children in the garden, then it is better not to use a broadleaf bush for planting - its fruits can attract the attention of children, and they are poisonous. This is perhaps the only drawback of the purchase. Well, planting and caring for a bath in the open field is very simple.