Linear dimensions of bricks. Standard sizes of different types of bricks. White silicate brick

- one of the most widely used and famous building materials... It is made from clay raw materials by firing pressed briquettes.

Ceramic bricks are classified according to several criteria:

1. To size:
   • Single;
   • One and a half.
2. By filling:
3. By purpose of use:
   • Private or construction worker;
   • Facing;
   • Stove or;
   • Clinker.

Single red brick

The standard size of red brick was introduced at the beginning of the 19th century, and finally established itself relatively recently, in 1927, and is 250x120x65 millimeters. Often such dimensions ceramic single bricks are called normal or basic format. It is a brick of this size that is considered the most convenient for the production of wall masonry, more precisely, for alternating the arrangement of bricks when tying masonry.

A single brick can be full-bodied (block weight up to 3.6 kilograms) and hollow (from 2.3 to 2.7 kilograms).

All the main dimensions and characteristics of bricks as a building material are regulated by state standards in accordance with GOST 530-2007, entered into force on 03/01/2007. The names of the surfaces of the brick are also given there: poke, spoons, bed.

1. The bed is the largest brick surface in terms of size. As a rule, a brick is laid on the bed.
2. The spoon is a medium-sized brick face.
3. The jab is the smallest facet of the product.

One-and-a-half ceramic brick

Contrary to the name, the actual thickness of a one-and-a-half brick is 1.35 times that of a single brick. The emergence of one-and-a-half brick was caused by the industrialization of construction, to accelerate the pace of masonry. There are both corpulent (brick mass - from 4 to 4.3 kilograms) and hollow (weight 3 - 3.3 kilograms).

Double ceramic brick

Further intensification of construction production led to the emergence of double (2.1 times thicker than single) bricks.

This species is practically never full-bodied, since its mass in this version reaches 7.2 kilograms, which makes working with it extremely inconvenient. Hollow double bricks have a mass of 4.6 to 5 kilograms.

Solid ceramic brick

Solid brick practically does not contain voids (the maximum pore volume is up to 13%). It has, in comparison with hollow, much higher strength, therefore it is used, as a rule, in construction load-bearing structures, external, and interior walls, construction of pillars and columns, arrangement of foundations.

Due to the fact that the material is widely used in the construction of almost any type of building, solid ceramic bricks are also called "ordinary", "ordinary" and even just "building".

Hollow red brick

The volume of voids in this type of brick ranges from 13 to 40%. It is also sometimes called more colloquially: "hole", "slotted" or "self-supporting". Such names are associated with the fact that holes (voids) are through or closed, and in appearance - round, oblong or any other shape, depending on the wishes of the manufacturer.

Hollow red brick is usually used for laying lightweight walls or partitions, as well as when filling the frames of multi-storey buildings.

Ordinary red brick

Produced in accordance with GOST 530-2007. It is widely used in the construction of almost all types of buildings and structures, including private houses and cottages. It is allowed to use when laying facades only with their subsequent finishing or insulation.

The standards do not impose special requirements on the appearance of this brick; even small surface chips are possible that do not affect the strength characteristics.

The price for ordinary ceramic bricks starts at 6.8 rubles / piece for a single brick, and 8.6 rubles for a one and a half.

Facing ceramic brick (front, front)

Brick to which they are presented maximum requirements in appearance. Accordingly, it belongs to a higher price category. The simplest types of facing bricks cost from 9.8 rubles apiece.

There are two types:

1. Textured brick (another name - torn stone) It is used when laying fences and facing facades;

2. Shaped bricks with a wide variety of configurations. It is used for the construction of complex and non-standard forms of structures, for example, arches, window sills, arbors, etc.

Furnace or fireclay red brick

Stove red brick is produced in accordance with GOST 390-96, is a refractory product and is used in the construction of facilities that are exposed to high temperatures during operation - fireplaces, ovens, lining chimneys, etc.

Manufacturing features allow fireclay bricks to withstand temperatures up to 1000 degrees without decreasing strength, loss of bearing capacity and other qualities. The cost of one brick starts at 20 rubles.

Clinker red brick

Clinker bricks are made from clay with refractory properties. As a result of processing, such a brick acquires higher strength and density compared to ordinary ceramic ones, the indicators of which, however, do not reach the level of fireclay bricks. The main area of \u200b\u200buse is cladding of plinths and foundations, paving garden paths, laying of gutters. Price per piece - from 22 rubles.

It should be noted that differences in filling or purpose of use do not affect the overall dimensions of the brick.

Red brick, depending on the size, is divided into several types:

• Single (overall dimensions - 250 * 120 * 65 mm);
• One and a half (250 * 120 * 88 mm);
• Double (250 * 120 * 138 mm);
• Euro (several varieties).

European standards for ceramic bricks

In some cases, for example, when the customer is a company from Western Europe, or a standard project developed there is used; in the production of work, a brick is used that does not correspond to GOST 530-2007 of 03/01/2008. The most common in the EU countries are the following standard sizes of building bricks:

• DF - 240 * 115 * 52 mm - the most commonly used;
• NF - 240 * 115 * 71 mm;
• WDF - 210 * 100 * 65 mm;
• 2DF - 240 * 115 * 113 mm;
• RF - 240 * 115 * 61 mm;
• WF - 210 * 100 * 50 mm.

It should be noted that, nevertheless, such sizes of ceramic bricks are quite rare.

When ordering materials, you need to know their parameters. Even so good famous material, like a brick, has a large number of types and varieties. The good news is that its parameters are standardized. The standard size of the brick and its quality characteristics have been determined.

Types of building bricks

According to the material, bricks are ceramic (clay, red) and silicate (white). By appointment - private (construction) and finishing (front). The private is used for masonry walls, assumes subsequent finishing, therefore, a notch can be applied to the side edges (spoons) - in order for the plaster to hold better.

Brick types - common and special

According to the method of molding, bricks can be solid and hollow (hollow). Corpulent is molded from a homogeneous composition. They are used where mechanical strength is important - foundations, load-bearing walls.

Hollow has a certain percentage of voids, due to which the weight of the structure is reduced, and the characteristics of thermal conductivity are improved. But the presence of voids significantly reduces the performance of sound insulation - voids work as resonators. So you need to use them wisely.

Ceramic brick size

Ceramic bricks are fired parallelepipeds molded from clay. The quality is largely determined by correctly maintained firing parameters, as well as the composition of the clay solution. High-quality ceramic bricks can be used for any construction operation: for the foundation (solid), for the construction of external walls and internal partitions.

Building bricks have certain dimensions defined by standards. The most commonly used single brick size - 250 * 120 * 65 mm

The main drawback of this building material is some variation in geometry. It is explained by the peculiarities of clay - it can be of different “fat content”, which makes it difficult to predict exactly how much the size will decrease during drying / firing.

What to look for when choosing

When choosing a red brick, you should pay attention to its color. It displays the quality of the batch for the outfit with a parameter such as the size of the brick. It can be unburned or burned out. The second option is not bad in operation (it looks darker than usual), and it is better not to use unburned brick (lighter and looser) at all - it falls apart very quickly.

The second point to which you need to pay attention is the absence of extraneous inclusions. Most often there are light points and expanded clay. Both of these lead to rapid destruction of the brick. So we choose only batches with a uniform color without any additives.

More quality criteria

That is, the requirements for ordinary building bricks are quite loyal. The presence of these defects does not affect the quality of the masonry, and the decorative component is unimportant, since the presence of finishing is assumed. Do not forget to check the size of the brick - in one batch, the run should not be more than 3 mm.

The requirements for finishing (facing) ceramic bricks are more stringent. Inadmissible:

• Chipped edges more than 1.5 cm deep.
• There should be no cracks.
• On the ribs there should be no bumps more than 3 mm wide, more than 1.5 cm long.

To comply with these requirements, the finishing bricks are laid on pallets, the corners are protected with boards knocked down by the corner, the entire structure is wrapped in foil. It is transported in this form.

Dimensions

The optimal size of a clay brick (red, ceramic) has been determined historically. It has been produced for thousands of years, as a result perfect combination lengths, which is reflected in the standard. It was adopted only in the last century. There are three standard options:

Of the features - a single brick is solid, hollow. One and a half and double - only hollow, otherwise they turn out to be too heavy for comfortable work.

Besides the standard ones, there is a reduced brick. It is produced in Europe, but it also comes to us. Its parameters and international designation are summarized in the table.

Marking	Brick size	Consumption
DF	240 * 115 * 52mm	64 pcs / m2
RF	240 * 115 * 65mm	54 pcs / m2
NF	240 * 115 * 71mm	48 pcs / m2
WDF	210 * 100 * 65mm	59 pcs / m2
2DF	240 * 115 * 113mm	32 pcs / m2

Which size is better

In the post-Soviet space, single brick is most often used. It is very familiar to our eyes, many masonry schemes have been developed for it. It is worth learning from just such a material.

One and a half brick is used less often. It provides some economic benefit. Firstly, a cubic meter is slightly lower. Secondly, since the fragments of the masonry are larger, less mortar is consumed. Third, work is progressing faster. The larger size saves time. But working with a brick and a half is more difficult, even hollow - it's hard to hold in your hand. AND appearance the walls are unfamiliar.

Double brick is more commonly referred to as ceramic building stone. When using it, the most noticeable effect is the speed of construction. In addition, the saving of the solution is still increasing. But you won't be able to grab such a brick with one hand. Therefore, it is better to work with an assistant. The appearance of the masonry is poor, so an exterior finish is desirable.

If we talk about other countries, then in Europe the most popular are NF and DF. Imported ceramic bricks NF have almost the same proportions as domestic ones. DF category is thinner, the masonry looks elegant.

Dimensions of sand-lime brick

Silicate brick is made from quartz sand (9 parts) and lime (1 part), a certain amount of additives. This building material has best performance thermal conductivity (worse conducts heat), less weight. The technology is such that it is easier to maintain the geometric dimensions, so problems usually do not happen.

But it is not as hard as red brick, besides it is afraid of moisture - with prolonged contact with moisture, it begins to crumble. Because of this, the main area of \u200b\u200buse is for the construction of walls and partitions. It cannot be used for the foundation, basement floor, or chimney laying.

The second area of \u200b\u200bapplication is as finishing material... The basic composition has a white, slightly grayish color. You can add any dye to it and get a colored brick.

The dimensions of building silicate bricks are the same as those of ceramic: single has a height of 65 mm, one and a half - 88 mm, double - 138 mm.

Single and one and a half silicate brick can be full-bodied and hollow. Single corpulent weighs 3.6 kg, hollow - depending on the size of the voids 1.8-2.2 kg. A full-bodied one-and-a-half has a mass of 4.9 kg, and a hollow one - 4.0-4.3 kg.

Double silicate bricks are usually made hollow. Its weight is 6.7 kg. Corpulent ones are rare - because of their large mass (7.7 kg) it is difficult to work with them.

Weight of one piece: ceramic, silicate, ordinary, face

The weight of the brick is needed firstly, for calculating the foundation, this parameter is especially important when; secondly, for cargo transportation; and thirdly, to determine the quality and compliance with GOST requirements.

Brick type	Appointment	View	Nominal dimensions	Emptiness	The weight	Water absorption
Ceramic GOST 530-2007	private (worker)	single, corpulent	250*120*65	0%	3.3 - 3.6 kg	10 -12%
		single, hollow (hollow, slotted)	250*120*65	30-32%	2.5 - 3.0 kg (with a void of 6%, weight 3.8 kg)	12 -17%
		one and a half, full-bodied	250*120*88	0%	4 - 4.3 kg	12 -17%
		one and a half, hollow	250*120*88	30-32%	3.5 kg (with a voidness of 6% - 4.7 kg)	12 -17%
		double, corpulent	250*120*140	0%	6.6 - 7.24 kg	12 - 17%
		double, hollow	250*120*140	30-32%	5.0 - 6.0 kg	12- 17%
	facing (front)	single, corpulent	250*120*65	0%	2.6KG	9 - 14%
		single hollow	250*120*65	30-36%	1.32 - 1.6 kg	9 -1 4%
		one and a half hollow	250*120*88	30-36%	2.7 - 3.5 kg	9 - 14%
Silicate GOST 379-95	private (worker)	single corpulent	250*120*65	0%	3.7 - 3.8 kg (according to GOST)
		single hollow	250*120*65	15-31%	3.1 - 3.3 kg
		one and a half corpulent	250*120*88	0%	4.2 - 5.0 kg
		one and a half hollow	250*120*88	15-31%	4.2 - 5 kg
		double hollow	250*120*140	15-31%	5.3 - 5.4 kg
	facing (front)	single corpulent	250*120*65	0%	3.5 - 3.9 kg
		one and a half corpulent	250*120*88	0%	3.7 - 4.3 kg
		one and a half hollow	250*120*88	15-31%	3.7 - 4.2 kg

In addition to standard size bricks, there are a large number of lightweight finishing bricks. For example, there is a silicate one and a half, which weighs only slightly more than a standard single - 4.1-5.0 kg.

There is a so-called "American" - with a standard single size and weighing only 2.5 kg. Lightweight versions can be used in case of lack of bearing capacity of the foundation. Although, it is better to use a lighter finish - facade slabs, for example.

Fireclay brick parameters

For the construction of stoves, fireplaces in the zone of contact with fire, special fire-resistant bricks are used. In its production, a special type of clay is used - chamotte. Therefore, such a brick is also called fireclay. The production process is the same as building red bricks - molding, drying, kiln firing. But, due to special properties chamotte, the resulting building material calmly withstands prolonged contact with open fire. In everyday life, two brands of general-purpose refractory bricks are used - ША and ШБ. ША can withstand temperatures up to 1690 ° C, ШБ - up to 1650 ° C, all other parameters are identical. Therefore, they have the same field of application - it is the molding of the firebox of fireplaces and stoves.

The size of the refractory brick is to be encoded in the number after the abbreviation:

• ШБ-5, ША 5 - 230 * 114 * 65 mm;
• ШБ-6, ША 6, ША 14 - 230 * 114 * 40 mm (flask);
• ШБ-8, ША 8 - 250 * 125 * 65 mm;
• ШБ-9, ША 9 - 300 * 150-65 mm;

Most often they use ША 8 or ШБ 8. They coincide in length and thickness with the ceramic red brick from which the rest of the furnace is laid. There is also a wedge-shaped refractory brick - for the formation of furnace arches and smooth curves in the horizontal plane.

There are two types of wedge refractory bricks:

These are far from all sizes and types of fireclay bricks. You will find more in GOST 8691-73.

Clinker brick

Clinker brick is another special type of ceramic brick. In its manufacture, a special type of clay is used - refractory shale. The formed blocks are fired at very high temperature - 1200 ° C. As a result of this treatment, the clay acquires the properties of ceramics, the color - from dark red to deep brown.

Clinker brick has a very high strength and abrasion resistance. From it you can pave roads, decorate a porch. And they will serve for centuries. The clinker surface is smooth, smooth and shiny. That allows it to be used also as a finishing brick - for finishing facades, etc.

The shape and size of clinker bricks can be very different - there are a lot of them, since there are not only standard ones - in the form of a parallelepiped, but also with beveled at different angles, rounded edges.

One of the most common building materials is brick. Many generations of bricklayers have used it as building blocks for a wide variety of buildings. The principle of technology has not changed for centuries, but only improved due to technical developments. Its size also, although it differed by different standards, did not tolerate global changes in its proportions.

Brick history

Brick was one of the oldest building materials. It was widely used and played an important role in the construction of Mesopotamia, Ancient egypt and Ancient Rome... In those days, many complex structures were built from bricks measuring 45 x 30 x 10 cm, including arches, vaults, etc. different countries In Europe after the Middle Ages, the size of the bricks varied considerably. For example, an English brick with dimensions of 9 x 4.5 x 2.5 (in inches) was considered a standard size brick in 19th century England. In Germany, at the state level, the size of the red brick was ratified, equal to 25 x 12 x 6.3 (in centimeters). The smallest of all were American bricks (21 x 10 x 5.3 cm).

The standard Russian red brick, the dimensions of which were 6 x 3 x 1.5 inches, was larger than the English and German ones. Its mass fluctuated around 3-4 kilograms, depending on its parameters. These brick sizes were based on those used by Fioravanti in the construction of the Kremlin. But with distance from large cities, the standardization of brick dimensions was lost, and they were made in accordance with the wishes of the customers.

Technological progress played a role, and a single all-Union size of red brick was proposed for introduction into the USSR during the period of global development. As a result, in 1927, a standard of 250 x 120 x 655 millimeters and a weight of no more than 4.3 kg was approved.

There are two types of bricks: white and red, their differences are due different materialsused in their manufacture. Red brick is obtained in the process of burning briquettes with previously cleaned and crushed clay mixture.

Brick quality guarantee

A distinctive feature of high quality red brick is the clear and sonorous sound it makes when struck. Its quality is manifested in the structural strength and durability. When laying walls, do not use burnt bricks. It can be distinguished by its characteristic burnt black color, fused edges and slight curvature. It is only suitable as a foundation material.

Types of bricks

There are standard sizes of red brick, which do not depend on the technology of its manufacture. Such material, without a doubt, is the most practical, reliable and readily available resource for construction. The size of a red brick is determined by an aspect ratio of 1: 1/2: 1/4. These dimensions provide excellent structural strength. And in addition, 8 bricks of this size and mortar form a regular cube.

In our time in Russia, standard red brick is widely used, the dimensions of which are 250 x 120 x 65 mm, and the weight is 3.5 kilograms. There are also excellent brick models:

• Modular - 288 x 138 x 65 mm.
• One and a half - 250 x 120 x 88 mm.
• Euro - 250 x 88 x 65 mm.
• Double - 250 x 120 x 138 mm.

The most common is still the usual single red brick, which appeared in the USSR in the 30s of the twentieth century, the dimensions of which are ideal for alternating vertical spoon and vertical butt rows. One and a half has internal voids to reduce weight and increase thermal insulation characteristics due to closed air pores. Like one and a half, double bricks have voids, and therefore they are used for laying lightweight walls. The choice of bricks for building a particular structure depends on the functional purpose and technical qualities that it must have.

It should also be said that a different size of red brick is used for the front finish. Standard facing material has the following dimensions: 250 x 120 x 65 mm. One and a half has a size of 250 x 120 x 88 mm, and a double one - 250 x 130 x 120 mm.

In addition to markings related to dimensions, there is also a grade that determines the strength of the material under compressive pressure, it ranges from 75 to 300 units. The higher the value, the more compressive force the brick can withstand.

GOST of brick sizes approved in Russia

In accordance with GOST 530-2007, a single size of red brick has been established. The standard requires deviations of no more than 5 millimeters from the following necessary characteristics: the edge located parallel to the base of the masonry - 250 x 120 mm; part, the largest in size among the perpendicular beds, spoons - 255 x 65 mm; the part, which is smaller in size and also perpendicular to the bed, butt - 120 x 65 mm.

European standards for brick sizes

According to European standards, the size of the red brick is also different. The most common in Europe are bricks marked NF (regular, size - 240 x 115 x 71 mm) and DF (thin, size - 240 x 115 x 52 mm). As you can see, they are slightly smaller than Russian ones, and the usual size of a solid red brick in the European marking is under the symbol of the Russian Federation. The classic choice of Europeans for laying walls is red brick, the dimensions of which correspond to the DF marking. In contrast to it, the Russian Federation requires lower costs for mortar, and construction with this type of brick proceeds faster. There are also decorative materials with a perfectly smooth surface and high-precision dimensions. A layer of such bricks does not need subsequent finishing, but during masonry, separation of the seams is required. This type of material in modern construction is becoming more and more popular in light of the latest fashion trends.

The future of bricks

The so-called "warm ceramics", that is, stones and large-format blocks, are gradually gaining more and more popularity relative to the standard red brick. The reason for this was technical progress. Earlier technical conditions did not allow the firing of large volumes of clay, and therefore the size of the red brick remained small, but now with the latest equipment large and strong blocks with low weight can be produced. Such materials are a serious competitor to ordinary red brick, but, despite all these facts, it is very well entrenched in the building materials market, and it does not threaten to be forgotten soon.

Brick is a building material characterized by its strength and durability. It is considered the oldest known building material, made by firing clay briquettes, previously well pressed.

Red brick allows you to build a building in the required architectural concept, as well as save on the construction process. Special this material is popular in private housing construction, in the construction of fences, garages and other auxiliary buildings. Those who are engaged in the construction, knowing the size of the red brick, only need to correctly calculate the required amount that will be required for the construction of the object. It can be called the most versatile material.

Story

Depending on the state, the dimensions of the masonry material had significant differences. This was primarily due to differences in metric systems. For example, the brick standard in England in the 19th century had dimensions of 9: 4.5: 2.5 inches, German material - 25: 12: 6.3 centimeters.

On the American continent it was the smallest, which were 21: 10: 5.3 centimeters. In the Russian Empire, the material was larger than the English or German counterparts, and amounted to 6: 3: 1.5 (4.45 centimeters). He weighed about three to four kilograms.

The territories remote from the center themselves determined the dimensions of the building material, which sometimes differed from the "canonical" ones, since the production was not dependent on the center and the material was spent on meeting the needs of local communities.

With the advent of conveyor production of building materials and the beginning of massive capital development, the need to fix the size of standard red brick has become more acute.

In European countries, the most common bricks are NF and D. F. The first is ordinary, had dimensions of 24 × 11.5 × 7.1 cm, the other was thin, with dimensions of 5 × 5.2 centimeters.

In Europe dF brand material is considered the best for perception, thanks to the greater correspondence to the architectural classics. But the NF brand saves mortar and increases the speed of masonry construction.

This aspect ratio of the brick not only turned out to be the most optimal when erecting a wall, when it is required to alternate the longitudinal and transverse position of the bars, but also to use material from different manufacturers at one construction site.

Surprisingly, but in Russia bricks of a unified standard began to be produced relatively recently, compared to how long this material has been used in the country - in 1927. From that moment the standard remains unchanged - 250 × 120 × 65 millimeters for a single brick size, its weight should be no more than 4.3 kg and all this is fixed by GOST 530-2007. In Europe, it is designated by RF symbols with parameters 250 × 120 × 88 mm for one and a half (although in practice it is not 1.5, but 1.35 times thicker) and 250 × 120 × 138 mm, for double bricks.

In Western countries, the standards are different, moreover, there are much more of them. Among the most popular are 200 × 100 × 50 (65) millimeters and 240 × 115 × 52 (71) millimeters. In addition to the above, foreign bricks can be different sizes , since in Europe there is an opinion that masonry made of material with a variable length can emphasize the uniqueness of the building.

The importance of standardization

The normal dimensions of bricks are in a ratio of 1: ½: 1/4, which makes it possible to give the structure of the building additional strength with the help of masonry ligation. This is due to the fact that longitudinal and transverse alternation of building material is carried out in relation to the axis of the masonry and, as a result, the load is more evenly distributed.

In addition to the above, the proportionality that is present in a standard brick size allows masonry work to be carried out with low labor costs. The briquette lifts easily and can be held with one hand.

Also the size of a standard window during construction brick house, it is much more convenient to determine, starting from the standardization of the dimensions of the material.

Types of bricks, their characteristics and areas of use

Corpulent

Regular-sized bricks are used for the construction of load-bearing and reinforced structures, laying foundations, fireplaces, stoves. There are brands that are designated as M-075, M-100, M-125, in addition, there are M-150, M-175, frost resistance level F 50, degree of moisture absorption 8-10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / ( m / K), the rate of voidness is up to 13 percent.

Refractory

This brick is intended directly for cladding and masonry of stoves. For its production, you need fired refractory clay (called chamotte) and various fillers. It does not melt or crumble and is able to withstand heat levels up to 1800 degrees Celsius. Letters and numbers in the marking indicate the level of fire resistance. The brand and size of such material may be different and depend on the composition, there are a large number of types, for example: Ш-5, Ш-8, ША-5, there is also ШБ-47. Frost resistance level F 50-75, heat conductivity from 0.70-0.85 W / (m / K), void value from 8 percent, moisture absorption rate 8 percent.

Red

It is also called a "loaf", full-bodied or double, and it weighs up to 7 kg. The strength is higher than that of the classic one, and it is used for the construction of supporting structures, frames, etc. There are brands: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, there are also 250, 300 on sale, frost resistance level F 150, ability to absorb moisture 10 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.50 W / (m / K), voidness index up to 13 percent.

Ceramic

Red ceramic brick is used for laying the foundation. It requires strength, the ability to withstand temperature extremes and high humidity. Dimensions according to GOST standards 250 × 120 × 65 mm, brands are sold: 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, frost resistance level F 50-100, degree of moisture absorption 6-16 percent, thermal conductivity parameters from 0.70 W / (m / K ), the void index is not more than 13 percent.

For the construction of the basement

This brick must also be strong enough, resistant to moisture and low temperatures. It is best to use brands of at least M-125 or M-150. For such purposes fired and solid ceramic may be ideal, but the most popular is Turtle. The following brands are on sale: M-200, M-250, M-300, frost resistance level F 100, moisture absorption rate 12 percent, thermal conductivity parameters 0.51 W / (m / K), voidness index less than 13 percent.

What material is required to build a furnace?

Sometimes red full-bodied ceramic stone can be confused with real stove brick. It is produced by mixing red and blue clay, adding sand, and then firing the mass. It can withstand temperatures of no more than 800 degrees Celsius, so the walls of the stoves will quickly collapse (wood burning occurs at 900 degrees Celsius).

There are four types of real oven bricks:

• the main one is a mixture of lime and magnesia, it is more used in metallurgy;
• quartz - sandstone, quartz, with the addition of red dense clay;
• carbonaceous - from pressed coke, intended for the construction of blast furnaces;
• fireclay is a refractory material, it consists of 70 percent of refractory clay, is versatile in use, resistant to chemical influences.

How to choose a brick grade?

During construction household stoves and fireplaces use quartz and the so-called fireclay red bricks. Second option is more popular, since quartz at significant temperatures changes its structure and, as a result, thermal conductivity and volume. Gradually, this inevitably leads to deformation and destruction of the walls.

Furnace brick size according to GOST

For bricks specifically for ovens a separate document has not been developed, there is only GOST 8426-75, which specifies the size and shape of clay bricks for chimneys. According to the established standard, there are 2 standard sizes of ordinary straight bricks, indicated below:

• single - dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm;
• thickened - dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm.

Also, according to GOST 8426–75, wedge-shaped bricks of 2 types are produced.

1. Radial-longitudinal. There are also single (dimensions 120 (70) x250 × 65; 120 (100) x250 × 65) and thickened (dimensions 120 (70) x250 × 88; 120 (100) x250 × 88).
2. Radial-transverse. The single standard size is produced in 2 dimensions: 250 (200) x120 × 65; 250 (225) x120 × 65. And the thickened standard size, instead of 65 mm, has a size of 88 mm.

Brick for the construction of fireclay furnaces, existing shapes and sizes

For simplicity of laying, furnaces produce products that differ in configuration and dimensions - this can be seen from the table below.

The standard size of the kiln brick is the flask. It, like the straight types, is made in the form of a parallelepiped. The largest edge is called a bed, the medium-sized one is called a spoon, the smallest is called a poke. In the end wedge, the butt narrows, and in the rib wedge - the spoons. These two varieties are used for curly masonry. In addition to standard products, can be found on sale fireclay plates - their dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the firebox, which they need to cover. The most common bars of such dimensions are 460 × 230 × 75 millimeters, there is also a dimension of 600 × 230 × 90 millimeters.

Due to the ability to well accumulate heat, fireclay bricks can be recommended not only for the construction of furnaces, but also for the entire structure of the furnace as a whole. Such a solution will be interesting from a decorative point of view, because the straw-golden color of the clay products will create a visual effect of warmth in the room. The many shapes and sizes that fireclay kiln bricks have make it possible to lay out not only standard straight lines, but also vaulted ones, trapezoidal surfaces are also possible.

The size of the brick is an important parameter that determines the features of its use. All technical requirements for building elements of this type are specified in the interstate standard 530-2012 “Ceramic bricks and stones. General technical conditions ". The standardization of brick sizes allows the use of materials from different manufacturers without the fear that individual fragments of building structures will differ from each other.

For different types bricks are provided with their own size in height, width and length.

What determines the size of bricks

For a long time, in the territory of actively developing countries of the world, brick production was carried out exclusively by hand. Often this kind of activity was closely tied to the season, since the clay mass from which this building material was made required enough solar heat to acquire good hardness. With the start of the technical revolution, which peaked in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the technology for making bricks underwent dramatic changes: a belt conveyor appeared, capable of supplying a mixture of water, clay and sand to molds, a hydraulic press used to shape products, and circular kilns for firing ... This intensification of production made it possible to minimize the use of manual labor, however, required the development of a generally binding standard concerning the dimensions and properties of building blocks.

In 1927, the first state standard was adopted in Russia, which determined the linear dimensions of bricks. This made it possible to unify production, introduce quality control and increase the functionality of the growing industry. Almost 90 years have passed since then, but the general requirements for the parameters of building elements have practically not changed.

The basic size, from which the parameters of building blocks are calculated, is regulated by the normative document GOST 530-2012 and is 250x120x65 mm. Bricks of this type have a conventional designation "NF" - normal format (Fig. 1). There are many alternative derivatives from the normal format - these are the so-called one and a half, double, modular and Euroformat bricks. The above State standard classifies ceramic blocks as follows:

Picture 1. Standard sizes bricks.

• 0.5 NF - 250x60x65 mm;
• 0.7 NF - 250x85x65 mm;
• 0.8 NF - 250x120x55 mm;
• 1.0 NF - 250x120x65 mm;
• 1.3 NF - 288x138x65 mm;
• 1.4 NF - 250x120x88 mm;
• 1.8 NF - 288x138x88 mm.

In addition, there is a fairly popular type of brick blocks, the parameters of which are not regulated by the requirements of the current standard - this is the so-called double brick, corresponding to the dimensions of 2.1 NF (250x120x140 mm).

The internal structure of building stones can be completely monolithic or have perpendicular or longitudinal voids, while their linear dimensions remain the same. The volume of air that is inside the voids allows you to increase the thermal insulation properties of bricks, reduce their weight and increase resistance to mechanical deformation.

Using brick sizes in choosing the type of masonry

Experienced bricklayers are able to determine practically "by eye" required amount blocks to create a wall of a certain height. In this case, the climatic conditions terrain, the presence of thermal insulation, features of the foundation and other parameters. Standard brick sizes selected in such a way as to provide maximum convenient way similar calculations. In addition, it is necessary to take into account that the bricks do not fit closely to each other - a gap of 5-10 mm must be observed between them, which will subsequently be filled with mortar.

European requirements for the linear parameters of brick blocks are more loyal: Western designers and architects are of the fair opinion that from fragments of different lengths and widths, you can create an elegant pattern of building structures that will most harmoniously fit into the look of ancient cities. As for domestic standards, they are traditionally aimed at the most efficient use of production facilities.

Custom size bricks

High popularity modern materials - gas silicate blocks and foam concrete blocks - caused by a natural desire to reduce the cost of construction and reduce the load on the foundation. The main disadvantage of such elements is their unassuming appearance, which requires subsequent decorative finishing. In order to decorate walls made of blocks, bricks of non-standard sizes are often used - with a small thickness, they make it possible to give the house completeness, creating the illusion of a completely brick structure.

Bricks of this type are approximately half the thickness of standard format stones. Their outer surface can be perfectly flat or be decorated with relief elements. Until recently, during construction, it was necessary to independently cut individual elements, which entailed additional costs of time and money. Now, following the market conditions, building materials companies have begun supplying custom-sized bricks for finishing work.

Ceramic blocks of foreign production should also be distinguished into a separate group - their parameters can be quite different from domestic standards. The calculation of the consumption of such bricks should be carried out, guided by information from the manufacturer.

Conclusion

During construction works it is imperative to take into account the parameters of the brick used, the standard of which is determined by the requirements of GOST 530-2012.

This will make it possible to use material resources as efficiently as possible and to minimize financial losses.