The choice of material and technology for the installation of partitions in apartments and houses. What is better to make partitions in an apartment: we make interior partitions from various materials What types of partitions in

Very often the question arises about the demolition of old and the construction of new interior partitions. Which one to choose - brick or block, drywall or glass? How to comply with the technology during installation, ensure sound insulation and resistance to stress? Let's try to figure it out in our review.

THIN OR MASSIVE?

Whatever the material - brick, blocks or slabs, partitions are erected at the stage of general renovation works, before the start finishing works... Base - load-bearing beam, floor slab, rough floor screed.

Several mutually exclusive conditions affect the choice of material:

• on the one hand, the load on the floors of the new partitions should not exceed the weight of the previous ones, the thickness of the partitions should not significantly "eat up" the usable area, which means that the partitions should be sufficiently light and thin;
• on the other hand, partitions must be strong enough to support the weight of suspended furniture, lamps, decor items and provide comfortable sound insulation.

To solve this dilemma, let's turn to building codes:

• SNiP 23-03-2003 "Noise Protection" recommend comfortable sound insulation rates from 41 decibels between rooms to 47 decibels between a room and a dignity. knot. True, modern recommendations increase this barrier to 55 decibels - it is this noise protection that is considered optimal. To ensure such conditions, the minimum thickness of the partition must be at least the depth of the interior door frame, i.e. not thinner than 10 centimeters. And better - about 30 centimeters, which corresponds to a plastered brick wall on both sides.
• SNiP 2.01.02-85 "Fire protection systems" require that internal partitions are made of materials that are not easily combustible and are sufficiently fire resistant. The most stable in this respect are reinforced concrete panels, small-piece blocks, plasterboard sheets on a metal frame.

Which material is better? Only specialists can say with confidence, for example, from the construction company TopDom. The decision is made taking into account the individual characteristics of your home.

Here we can only consider the characteristics of some materials.

MATERIAL - BRICK

Recently, due to the variety of modern building materials, brick is losing its position. At the same time, a partition made of this material has a number of advantages:

• durable and reliable;
• able to hold fasteners perfectly;
• isolates sound well at low, medium and high frequencies;
• resistant to resonant vibrations.

Quarter brick partition

Edge-facing masonry significantly saves usable floor space and has a lightweight design. At the same time, its strength is low, and its soundproofing capacity (even when plastered on both sides) does not exceed 40 decibels. To strengthen the structure, vertical and horizontal steel wire reinforcement is used.

Usage: in back rooms such as storerooms, dressing rooms.

Half brick partition

The usual way of installing interior partitions. Due to the sufficient thickness and plaster on both sides, the sound insulation is at the level of 45 decibels.

Brick-thick partition

The partition is 24 cm thick for maximum reliability and sound insulation. However, at the same time it has a high mass, therefore, before its construction, it is necessary to obtain information about the bearing capacity of the house structures.

An alternative to ordinary bricks are slot bricks (the weight of the partition is 2 times lower, but the sound insulation is worse) and porous ceramic blocks (good geometry and sound insulation).

In order for the brick partition to be qualitatively assembled, it is necessary to involve highly qualified craftsmen in its construction, since this is a complex laborious process. An uneven brick wall will have to be sheathed with plasterboard, which will entail an increase in the cost and thickness of the partition.

MATERIAL - FOAMED CONCRETE AND CERAMSITE CONCRETE BLOCKS

The specific weight of the blocks compared to brick is twelve times less, and the dimensions are larger (600x300x150), which makes this material in demand and popular in the construction market.

Such blocks are convenient to work with - they are easy to cut with a hacksaw and lay on a cement mortar or special formulations... The surface of the blocks is imperfect, it requires plastering, just like a brick.

In comparison with brick, the wall made of foam blocks is less durable and cannot withstand a load on fasteners of more than 20 kg. Soundproofing is also slightly lower.

MATERIAL - GRINDER PLATES (GWP)

Tongue slabs - solid and hollow with a thickness of only 8 cm. Are increasingly used in the construction of partitions. They are easy to fit on special glue and are more durable than foam blocks. There is no need to plaster the GWP partition: two or three layers of putty are enough to level and close the joints.

Since the sound insulation of the GWP wall may be insufficient, hinged soundproofing materials should be used. This is, as a rule, a plasterboard frame, the inner space in which is filled with noise-absorbing materials.

MATERIAL - plasterboard

A plasterboard partition is almost four times lighter than a brick, block or slab. And it is being erected much faster and easier. In addition to simplicity, the technology allows you to provide ideal geometry and a smooth wall surface. But this is not all the advantages. It is convenient to place communications in the voids of the plasterboard frame. The cost of the finished partition is much more economical in comparison with other materials.

For all its advantages, a plasterboard partition was not without some difficulties.

• In achieving required level soundproofing. For this, it is recommended to assemble two independent frames with a gap between them of a couple of centimeters. Additionally, rubber pads and sound-absorbing mats are used.
• In achieving strength and resistance to cantilever loading. Hang up if necessary heavy shelves or other pieces of furniture - they must be attached directly to the frame. For additional strength, the frame is reinforced with a number of bridges, and standard profiles are replaced with rolled metal.

MATERIAL - GLASS

More precisely - glass blocks. It is they who are now quite often combined with other materials or used solo - depending on fashion trends and design idea... Glass blocks can be of a wide variety of colors, so it is also an excellent interior decoration. Such material is not only aesthetically pleasing, but also safe, while providing sufficient sound insulation.

Fastening glass blocks - cement mortar or tile glue. When using white cement, dyes can be used. Seams are filled with grout of the desired shade by analogy with ceramic tiles.

Another option for a partition that provides a sufficient level of illumination is a partition with a glass insert. If, in the event of redevelopment, some room is left without a window (usually this utility room) and turned dark - glass or similar transparent material will save the day.

Light will come into it from a lighted corridor or an adjacent room. Glazing options are different - the transparent part can be superior to the deaf or vice versa. Glazing can also be double - then blinds or decorative curtains can be skipped between them. In short, a glass partition is an undoubted decoration of your home.

However, in addition to stationary partitions, which cannot be transferred from place to place, there are also mobile partitions... Their material is light and decorative, and the partitions can be moved at your request.

What they are most often used for and what they look like - read here: an overview of sliding partitions for home repairs. In the matter of redevelopment, they will serve you an excellent service.

Apartment renovation is quite often accompanied by redevelopment of premises. Interior partitions erected from various materials: bricks, drywall, aerated concrete blocks, wood, glass, polycarbonate, various slabs and others. They differ in their performance characteristics. The choice of an option for a house depends both on the required functional indicators of the built partitions, and on their decorative appearance, the complexity of installation. Also, an important point is often the affordability of the material, the ability to work with it with your own hands. In practice, they also use a combination to achieve an original, unique decorative design home interior.

Purpose of partitions between rooms

During major repairs in a private house or apartment, the question may arise of displacing existing interior partitions or building new ones. Also, the problem is relevant in new buildings with free planning.

Interior walls are represented by a large number of various options for their creation. Create new rooms, or resize existing ones, should be so as to ensure the maximum level of comfort. The main obstacle on the way of construction can be the question of the choice of material, the correct erection of the conceived structure from it.

Interior partitions should:

• keep the area of \u200b\u200bthe room to the maximum;
• be durable to withstand the load from hanging shelves, paintings, cabinets;
• provide good sound insulation;
• if possible, have an attractive decorative appearance;
• to give residents the opportunity to privacy and a comfortable pastime;
• dividing the house into functional areas: kitchen, toilet with bath (shower), living room, hallway, bedroom.

The best option that meets the first requirement is partitions with a small wall thickness. But they often do not meet the other criteria.

Aquariums of various types are installed in internal partitions with niches or openings. household appliances... And when furniture serves as walls, then at the same time the interior space of the house is divided into regions, clothes, books, dishes and other things, which are rarely used, are distributed.

Correct construction of partitions solves a number of important problems associated with the organization comfortable stay inhabitants of the apartment. At the same time, you can decorate your home in this way.

Basic installation rules

You can build walls inside the house with your own hands or with the help of hired workers, but a number of restrictions must be taken into account. The rules are as follows:

• it is forbidden to increase the size of bathrooms (toilets), kitchens, reducing the living area, and vice versa;
• you cannot equip a bathroom in a multi-storey building if the neighbors' kitchen is located under the bottom;
• it is also unacceptable to divide a room into several parts if there is only one source of natural light (windows);
• when a gas oven is installed in the kitchen, it cannot be combined with the living space;
• it is strictly forbidden to transfer or demolish supporting structures, because this is dangerous for the entire building;
• it is allowed to erect heavy interior partitions only on a solid foundation, in such cases it is first required to calculate the loads acting on the floor.

With walls made of light materials (aerated concrete, or built with a frame), everything is simpler: they are built everywhere without problems.

Internal redevelopment of the house will require an appeal to the appropriate authorities (BTI). The device of interior partitions must necessarily meet the above requirements. This issue affects the sphere of the comfort of neighbors, the integrity of the structure, and personal safety.

Interior wall materials

If the question is about what to make an interior partition from, then there is no definite answer. The modern construction market offers buyers a wide range of products. Each material is good in its own way. Before buying any, you should study its features. Only after that - decide what is best to make wall structures in a particular case. Monolithic concrete partitions are created during the construction phase as load-bearing walls.

Brick

Brick interior partitions are a standard construction method. To build such a structure, you must have special skills and knowledge. But this option is optimal in terms of sound insulation, degree of strength.

Brick, due to its high density, is a heavy material. For construction, use the following types of composition:

• ceramic;
• clinker;
• silicate.

According to the form of release, the following types are used:

• whole;
• hollow.

The advantage of brick walls is their high strength, resistance to damage, allowing you to hang heavy, massive cabinets, paintings, and other items. But for bases made from hollow varieties, you will need to use reinforced fasteners.

The masonry is usually taken out in half a brick. Its thickness does not exceed 160 mm. To erect a structure, it is imperative to take into account its future weight, the load on the base.

Using a brick with voids inside, you can make a lighter wall: reduce its weight by about 30%. But the level of sound insulation will be less than when using solid bricks.

The masonry is made "for joining" or for further plastering, decorative finishing... The first option is itself a design method, but it makes high demands on the skills of the builder, the quality of work.

Using bricks as a material for partitions in an apartment or house is an expensive option for building them. Both the material and the work of laying it are expensive. Further plastering also affects her. The construction process itself brickwork differs in labor intensity, rather large time costs. But brick walls and partitions are durable and strong.

Cellular concrete

Interior walls in new buildings are often built from gas and foam blocks. These materials are easy to process: you can simply cut out an arch in them, mount a door frame.

The resulting design is lightweight. Its thermal insulation characteristics are better than that of bricks, and sound insulation and especially strength are inferior to the latter .

Working with aerated concrete faster and at the same time less labor than during the construction of masonry.

Slabs

Considering various options, you should pay attention to the types of partitions made of gypsum tongue-and-groove plates. Construction from such blocks resembles a lesson with a designer: thanks to the presence of grooves and protrusions (ridges), the structural elements are perfectly joined together.

Tongue slabs have the following advantages:

• easy to process;
• has good heat and noise insulation characteristics;
• has a relatively low mass;
• ease of installation, greater strength of the erected structure compared to a building made of foam or aerated concrete;
• the presence of voids makes it easy to lay internal communications.

The boards have relatively low strength, are not moisture resistant, and require the use of special gypsum-based glue for installation.

Glass, blocks from it

Glass is used to create sliding partitions or fixed panels. The dimensions of the partitions themselves are insignificant in thickness, but other significant characteristics suffer.

The use of glass blocks (luxfer) for the construction makes it possible to emphasize the style of the room, to obtain interesting light and decorative effects.

Glass and luxury products are very expensive. They are used relatively rarely, because from the point of view of practicality, they are not the best solution.

Drywall

Often they do it in an apartment or house. At the same time, the sheets are fixed on a previously created frame, inside which sound and heat insulating material is laid.

The use of drywall is characterized by ease of installation, the ability to create partitions different shapes... In rooms with a high content of water vapor in the air, moisture-resistant varieties of gypsum boards are used.

Subject to the technology of installation work, the structure made of plasterboard is characterized by low weight and has sufficient strength and reliability.

Other materials for the construction of internal walls

In addition to the options considered, quite often other materials are used in practice for the construction of walls inside a house or apartment. Among them are the following:

• expanded clay concrete blocks, similar in their properties to brick, but less durable;
• polycarbonate;
• sandwich panels.

Often it is from wood that frame partitions are made in a house from a bar. It fits perfectly into the interior and does not require further finishing. Sandwich panels are used in pre-fabricated structures. They are covered with aluminum sheets on the outside.

Before, it is necessary to select a suitable material for the existing operating conditions. The best option should also be for your personal budget.

• brick - optimal solutionif greater strength is required, sound insulation to the maximum, but it will be necessary to calculate the load on the floor;
• interior walls made of expanded clay in their characteristics are close to brick;
• it is better to make partitions from aerated concrete, if necessary, insulate rooms and avoid significant loads on the base;
• frames sheathed with boards or gypsum plasterboards can be erected quickly and get a fairly good level of heat and sound insulation, decorative view, while this is the easiest option;
• timber structures are appropriate mainly in wooden houses;
• can be chosen if you want to make partitions that create different optical effects.

High quality brickwork does not require further finishing. This is a variant, tested for centuries, with a decorative look. If it is necessary to save money, it should be borne in mind that the cheapest internal partitions are made of drywall.

Materials for creating interior partitions are characterized by various sound insulation indicators. After erection, protection from extraneous noise and vibration may be required. It is important to carry out the work correctly to improve personal comfort.

First of all, bedrooms, children's rooms. To do this, increase the thickness of the interior walls, or cover them with a material that has good noise insulation properties.

The structures insulated with mineral wool have at the same time a good level of sound insulation. This is the typical way. The material is laid both outside and the voids are filled with it. In the first case, the thickness of the partition will increase, the space of the room will decrease.

A separate, specific case requires an individual approach. When choosing what to make partitions in an apartment from, you should think in advance about the soundproofing qualities of the purchased material. Correct selection for this indicator - will reduce the final costs, reduce work.

Recommendations about what you can build partitions between rooms from are given in the following video.

Various design projects of the walls in the apartment are presented below in the video.

Instructions on how to make a partition in a room yourself from drywall contains the video below.

Different types of interior partitions require different approaches to installation, time and money for their construction. Their functional performance is due to the properties of the materials from which they are built. The final decision when choosing an option should be made based on your own conditions and financial capabilities. If the strength of the base allows, then brickwork is very practical.

An interior partition can be a wall in essence, but it will burn only half of the space, it can be deaf, transparent or even suspended from the ceiling, it can divide a room or act as its decor. In a word, as many needs of a modern apartment or house owner, there are so many offers on the market. Made of various materials, different sizes, shapes and methods of execution - interior partitions, meanwhile, always perform an important function - they zone the room into functional segments. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the options for creating interior partitions for a wide variety of cases using our large-scale selection. 100 ideas for modern projects premises with different functional accessories.

Interior partitions - choice of material of manufacture

Depending on what function the interior partitions will perform, the material of execution is also selected. Someone needs a full-fledged wall that can withstand the weight of hanging shelves or cabinets, while others rather need a decorative element that decorates the interior. Consider various materials for the execution of interior partitions, their advantages and disadvantages, technological characteristics, the possibility self-assembly and affordability.

So, interior partitions can be made from the following materials:

• brick (full, hollow, clinker, ceramic);
• drywall;
• glass blocks;
• glass;
• aerated concrete blocks;
• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• metal;
• polycarbonate;
• acrylic;
• tree (bamboo, weaving from vines, twigs, branches);
• combination of different materials within one product.

Partitions made of bricks - building, hollow and clinker

Walls, and interior walls are usually erected from bricks (hollow, solid or clinker), are the heaviest partitions. But their strength and sound insulation properties are unrivaled. If you need a major partition between rooms or indoors, then brick can be the ideal material for execution.

You can easily hang massive cabinets and shelves on walls made of solid bricks and clinker. Various structures can also be hung on the partitions made of hollow material, but it will be necessary to use reinforced fasteners, because fasteners can get caught in the empty cavity of the product. The installation of a wall made of hollow bricks can reduce the load on the floor by about 20-30% compared to structures made of solid material. But the soundproofing qualities are also reduced by about the same amount.

Constructions made of traditional bricks and clinker are heavy, so they can only be mounted on concrete floors. A specialist consultation is required, as in apartment buildingsand when erecting walls in private dwellings on the upper floors. But in any case, this is a rather laborious activity, not cheap and requiring further processing - plastering, painting or pasting with wallpaper, wall panels. Clinker brick structures are usually not plastered, using decorative products. But clinker structures are expensive because of the price tag on the material itself.

Walls made of ceramic bricks

Cheaper and faster, in comparison with the construction of partitions from ordinary bricks, the installation of a wall made of ceramic products with a thickness of 11.5 cm will take place. In an enclosed space, walls made of lightweight ceramic bricks are able to provide a sufficient level of sound insulation. Usually, walls of this type of building material are plastered, less often they are covered with plasterboard. The partition made of ceramic products is able to withstand hanging cabinets and shelves, but for fastening it will be necessary to use special spring pins designed for porous bricks.

Partition of glass blocks (luxfer)

Partitions made of glass blocks are most often used in cases where they want to preserve (without significant losses, at least) the penetration of lighting into different functional segments of the space, but at the same time get a sufficiently strong, wear-resistant and durable interior wall. Most often, the use of this expensive material is determined by stylistic needs, decorative qualities.

Construction of partitions from aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete or cellular blocks are a very popular material for the quick and inexpensive construction of interior walls and partitions. The main advantage of the material is its high flexibility for creating surfaces various shapes... If you need an original partition with smooth lines, original holes, or simply with internal wiring, aerated concrete products will be the best choice.

Compared to any type of brick, aerated concrete partitions have the worst sound insulation properties. But, if you are not faced with the goal of fencing one zone from another in terms of penetrating noise, then this easy-to-install material can help you quickly create the necessary partition.

Expanded clay concrete blocks for interior structures

Expanded clay interior partitions are easy to build, they have sufficient strength for hanging shelves and cabinets (but still less than that of brick walls), have sufficient wear resistance and durability. In addition, expanded clay concrete products perfectly absorb sound.

A partition made of expanded clay blocks can be mounted using a conventional mortar and plastered with so-called ecological plaster - clay, lime, gypsum or cement. In terms of cost, such a structure will cost less than a wall made of ordinary concrete blocks.

Modern plasterboard partitions

A fairly popular way to create partitions of various modifications is the use of plasterboard products. Recently, the use of moisture-resistant panels has proven effective, which can be installed even in bathrooms and toilets. Usually the partition consists of two drywall panels mounted on a metal profile: mineral wool filler can be laid between them. As a rule, the thickness of such partitions does not exceed 10-12 cm, but it can be smaller.

If speak about positive qualities drywall partitions, then their presence in the premises has a beneficial effect on their microclimate - structures are able to absorb and release moisture contained in the air. Such partitions can be erected very quickly, moreover, they do not require plastering, only putty joints.

Heavy objects should not be hung on the interior walls made of plasterboard. If such an action is necessary, then the fastening elements must be located inside the structure itself, mounted to metal profiles. Another drawback is the low impact strength (which is why they try not to use drywall partitions in children's rooms).

Partitions made of wood of various species

An interior partition made of wood of one or another modification can be either a very expensive product or cost you practically nothing - it all depends on what kind of wood it is made of, or you used waste material. In any case, wood products always bring notes of natural warmth, comfort and uniqueness to the interior.

Most often, wooden partitions appear in their natural color scheme with a beautiful natural pattern ...

But there are also situations when painting a wooden partition or its elements is necessary ...

The same group of interior partitions made of natural material includes various structures made of bamboo, vines, branches, twigs and other plants. The exclusivity of the interior with similar zoning elements will be provided to you.

Glass partitions - transparent and frosted

Glass partitions are used when it is necessary to create clear zoning, while maintaining the spread of light in all functional areas of the room. As a rule, for the manufacture of transparent or frosted partitions, an especially strong and safe for humans tempered glass is used (even if the surface is broken, a person will not be injured by fragments due to a special protective film that prevents the glass from scattering).

Often glass partitions can be seen in bathrooms and toilets. They can shield the shower area from the rest of the room or divide the room into a toilet and a segment for taking water procedures. In modern design projects, you can increasingly find the use of completely transparent glass to create small partitions. But also matte products, surfaces with a pattern and photo printing are found as a decorative element of the interior, which meanwhile performs its main functions.

Partitions in the form of glass sliding doors can be reliably fenced off one of the functional segments located in the common room. Excellent soundproofing qualities, almost complete spread of light fluxes and the ability not to burden the image of the room make this type of partitions very popular. Although it is expensive and requires the participation of specialists.

Glass partitions with a picture, laser engraving, photo printing or stained glass made using the technique can not easily decorate the interior, but become its highlight.

Examples of combining materials to create original partitions

One of the most common alliances of different materials for creating partitions is the use of glass inserts for metal or wood framing. Such partitions perfectly transmit light, but have good sound insulation. This combination is important if you need to separate, for example, an office from the living room and soundproof it, but at the same time be able to monitor children in the adjacent functional segment.

Variety of interior partitions in terms of design and functions

Partition-rack

An excellent combination of functionality and aesthetics is the use of a rack (and not necessarily a book one) as an interior partition. An efficient system storage and a beautiful element of the interior, which, among other things, zones the room. The advantage of such structures is also that they can be used equally effectively on both sides of the zoned space.

One of the options for using storage systems as partitions is to create a roomy cabinet. It is up to you to decide whether to arrange storage systems on one side or two, or you can use false facades in some places, use glass inserts or create a completely blank design.

The name speaks for itself - less durable surfaces - screens are attached to supports made of durable material (metal, wood or columns made of bricks or blocks) (they allow to reduce the weight of the structure and reduce its cost, as well as bring an element of exclusivity to the image of the room). \\

Interior partition-fireplace

A stationary interior partition in the form of a fireplace is a modern and very popular device, despite the fact that it requires considerable financial and time costs for construction. Such a design hardly resembles ordinary partitions, because it has a very large width, sufficient for arranging an air duct, a chimney for a hearth. The obvious advantage of a double-sided fireplace is the ability to watch the flame dance in the hearth from different areas of the room.

Swivel partitions

An original and at the same time incredibly functional device - swivel partitions. The structures look like horizontal blinds, which, depending on the angle of rotation, can create different levels of closure of a particular segment of the room.

Support partitions

One of the options for interior partitions, which are created not only for zoning rooms, but also for creating a support for any element of the interior, are the structures on which the steps and other parts of the stairs rest. Most often, such partitions are made of wood or metal. It is extremely rare that they are performed in a solid form, most often such partitions have holes, perforations.

The partition can support a variety of consoles and countertops, storage systems and even seating. It all depends on the purpose of the room in which the multifunctional element of the interior is located.

Partition - decorative element

Often, the interior partition acts not so much as a enclosing surface, but as a decorative element. Indeed, there are practically no boundaries for the embodiment of the fantasy of a designer or owners of apartments and houses. It all depends on your preferences, the chosen interior design concept and financial capabilities.

Interior partitions - effective zoning

This article will help you understand the variety of materials for the construction of interior partitions and find the best solution for you. She will tell you about the peculiarities of working with various materials and the technology of their installation.

Introduction

A partition is a wall that divides the interior of a house into separate rooms. Not only a fixed wall can act as a partition, but also various sliding structures and screens.

The design of the partitions that you plan to build in your home depends on the requirements for them. If you plan to block the space for a long time and the separation must provide reliable heat and sound insulation, then use a strong supporting structure... In other cases, easily disassembled or movable partitions can be dispensed with.

Types of interior partitions

An excellent option for zoning space are various transforming partitions - sliding, sliding, folding soft and hard sash. They can be installed anywhere, for example, to differentiate between kitchen and dining room, bedroom and dressing room, hallway and living room.

Sliding interior partition

Sliding rigid sash interior partition

Screen

Screens are often used in modern interiors. They help zone your space and decorate the room. Screens are cheaper than other types of partitions.

The most durable partition is a stationary one, that is, a wall that allows you to isolate a room from other rooms. These are brick, wood, partitions made of glass blocks, tongue-and-groove slabs and aerated concrete. We will talk about them in more detail in this article.

Brick interior partition

Interior partition made of wood

Interior partition made of glass blocks

Interior partition made of aerated concrete

Brick partitions

Advantages:

• Brick partitions have good sound insulating properties. For example: brick partitions made of solid red brick, plastered on both sides, have the following sound insulation index values: a wall of two bricks (thickness with plaster 530 mm) \u003d 60 dB; one brick wall (thickness with plaster 280 mm) \u003d 54 dB; half-brick wall (thickness with plaster 150 mm) \u003d 47 dB. In this case, the normal value of the noise insulation index for interior partitions should be at least 52 dB.

• Brick is a moisture resistant material, but if you are building a partition in the bathroom, it is better to use solid brick.

Disadvantages:

• Substantial weight of the partition: 1 m2 weighs about 280 kg, with a partition thickness of 1/2 of a solid brick.

• Another disadvantage Compulsory plastering of the surface before final finishing and a longer construction time compared to other technologies.

Construction technology: Brick partitions in the house are most often made in half (120 mm) or quarter bricks (65 or 88 mm). If you lay a partition in a quarter of a brick and its length exceeds 1.5 m, in this case it is necessary to use a wire with a diameter of 4-6 mm for reinforcement. This is done by laying a wire horizontally through every 3-4 rows of bricks.

Brickwork

Masonry mortar: 5 parts sand and 1 part cement. For every 2 kg of the resulting mixture, add 1 liter of water. For the correct calculation of the amount of mortar, keep in mind that the installation of 20 brick blocks requires about 40 kg of sand.

Brickwork: Take a brick in your hands and apply a layer of mortar about 10 mm thick on its surface. Press the brick to the floor and wall. Apply the mortar to the second brick and press it against the first. Now use a trowel to remove excess mortar and check if the blocks are level and strictly vertical. This must be done after each row of bricks has been laid. At the beginning of the next row, place a half-brick to form a regular dressing, and so on through each row. In its raw state, brickwork is very unstable, so it is better to lay it out in one step no more than 1.5 meters.

After laying the bricks, the partitions are plastered on both sides, rubbed, preparing for painting, facing with ceramic tiles or wallpapering.

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of brickwork will cost you $ 10 and more. Work - from $ 7 per 1 m2.

Partitions made of tongue-and-groove plates

The construction of partitions from tongue-and-groove slabs (hereinafter referred to as PGP) is a simple and relatively quick way to erect partitions. The speed of erection of partitions from these elements is 6-8 times higher than from bricks. The mass of the partition is 4 times less than that of a brick one.

The boards are made of plaster of paris. They have mating and supporting surfaces, that is, a groove and a ridge. Tongue plates are available in two sizes: 600x500x100 mm or 500x300x100 mm.

Advantages:

• According to SNiP 201.02-85 "Fire safety standards", GWP partitions with a thickness of 100 mm have a fire resistance limit of 2.5 hours, a fire spread limit of 0 cm.

• Partitions made of foam concrete slabs are odorless, moisture resistant, durable, not susceptible to infection by putrefactive bacteria, fungus, breathe well and regulate the humidity in the premises.

• Partitions made of GWP meet the regulatory requirements for sound insulation (41 dB - with a single design and up to 60 dB - with a double design).

• GWP is easy to saw and handle, and wiring and pipes are recessed into grooves made with a simple hand tool.

• A partition made of tongue-and-groove elements does not require surface plastering, and it is proposed to apply only finishing materials.

Disadvantages:

Cannot withstand heavy structures. Pictures, mirrors and other light objects weighing up to 30 kg are attached to the partition with screws and dowels, heavy objects (cabinets, shelves, etc.) - with anchors. For loads from 30 kg / cm to 100 kg / cm, bolts passing through the entire thickness of the partition are used.

Installation technology: The tongue-and-groove slabs are easy to install, easy to saw and process. Partitions from GWP are not placed on concrete base floors, and on the finished floor screed before applying topcoats. Fugenfüller-type putty or any glue for mounting GWP plates is used as a mounting glue when working with plates.

Mounting: Apply the prepared mortar to the base of the walls and floor at the junction of the slabs. After 30 minutes, you can start installing. At the first row of slabs, cut off the ridge and install them this side down. Apply mortar to the groove top and sides and start laying the first row. We press each plate with a rubber hammer. Remove the protruding glue with a spatula. When laying the next row, the mortar is applied to the groove of the previous row and to the sides. Perform the high partition in several stages of 4-5 rows, allowing the glue to harden.

Partition from tongue-and-groove plates

Approximate cost: The approximate cost of one slab measuring 600x500x100 \u003d $ 2. 1 m2 of wall contains 5.5 elements, therefore the cost of 1 m2 is from $ 10 and more. The cost of work is from 3-4 dollars per 1 m2.

Aerated concrete partitions

Aerated concrete is obtained by foaming cement mortar. The standard block size is 200x250x60 mm.

Advantages:

• fire resistance of a wall made of 60 mm blocks is 150 minutes.

• the air trapped in the pores of aerated concrete gives the blocks good thermal insulation characteristics (0.14 W / mS).

• The standard unit weighs 18 kg. For example: one such block is capable of replacing up to 15 bricks, the mass of which is about 70 kg, therefore, installation from blocks is less laborious than from bricks.

• Partitions made of blocks have good sound insulation: a structure with a thickness of 100 mm has a sound insulation index (Rw) equal to 35-37 dB, a thickness of 125 mm - 44-46 dB, and a partition is 25 mm thicker - even 55-57 dB.

Disadvantages:

• Low air permeability and rather high labor intensity of construction.

Installation technology: When installing aerated concrete partitions, you can use both a sand-cement mixture and ordinary tile adhesive.

Mounting: A layer of mortar is applied to the base of the future partition and the laying of a row of blocks is started. It is necessary to constantly check the evenness of the masonry horizontally and vertically using a level. The next row of slabs is installed with greasing the abutting surfaces with glue and with bandaging the slabs of the previous row (at the beginning of the row, we install only half of the block).

Fastening of a partition made of aerated concrete blocks is carried out using metal reinforcement inserted into drilled hole load-bearing wall and the seam of the horizontal masonry blocks. Anchoring to the floor can also be carried out using metal profiles.

Fastening an interior partition made of aerated concrete blocks

Approximate cost: On average, the price for one block is $ 1 and more. When buying, pay attention to the brand of the blocks. The D500 and D600 values \u200b\u200bare the most suitable for the construction of interior partitions, and the D350 brand has a lower density and, accordingly, does not give the strength of the structure. The cost of work will cost you from 6-8 dollars per 1 m2.

Partitions from glass blocks

Modern glass blocks They are distinguished by ease of assembly, reliability in operation and an original design that will make it possible to realize any designer's idea. A glass block is a kind of transparent "bricks" made of thick glass (6-10 mm). The standard sizes of glass blocks are 190x190x80 mm and 240x240x80 mm, but they also produce corner and half elements. The block surface can be smooth, corrugated, transparent, matte and even colored. A pattern of small pieces of colored glass can be applied to the glass surface. From them you can lay out real panels with images of landscapes, flowers, or abstract drawings.

Advantages:

• Partitions made of glass blocks look very impressive and have a number of advantages: sufficient strength, fire resistance, heat and sound insulation qualities (54 dB), durability.
• One of the main distinguishing qualities of glass blocks is light transmission. For transparent blocks, it is 75-80%, for colored and matte blocks, it is 30-50%. And the patterns from the blocks give an extraordinary light and shadow pattern.

• Glass blocks tolerate temperature drops from -40 to +50 degrees. And in the event of a fire, they prevent the spread of fire and smoke for 1-2 hours.

• Glass blocks do not absorb odors and do not accumulate dirt. Easy to clean with glass cleaner.

Disadvantages:

• It is impossible to lay various communications inside such walls and partitions (for example: electrical wiring or sewage).
• It is impossible to hang anything on a block wall (for example: paintings, shelves, etc.).
• Such a glass block cannot be cut or sawed during installation; in this case, a half block is used.

Installation of partitions from glass blocks

Laying glass blocks is not an easy task, especially for a beginner. To hold the blocks together, cement mortars are used that do not contain large grains of sand or "liquid nails".

There are several ways of laying glass blocks: on a cement-adhesive mortar, in modular cells or in prepared niches in the wall.

The first method is similar to brickwork. This method is the most laborious and time consuming. The base for the masonry must be flat, free from dirt and dust. The first row is laid out in level so that the wall is flat. Plastic crosses are installed between the blocks to obtain even seams. It is not recommended to lay out more than three rows a day, as the lower damp seams can "go" from the severity. Glass brick masonry must be reinforced with a metal rod with a diameter of 6 mm. For this, the rods are placed vertically and horizontally every two blocks.

First row of glass brick masonry

Installation of plastic crosses for laying glass blocks

Reinforcement of masonry from glass blocks

The second method of installing glass blocks is faster than the first. Lattices with cells made of wood, MDF or plastic are fixed to the floor, walls and ceiling. And then they are filled with blocks, fixing with rubber masonry or sealant.

Niches in the walls made of glass blocks look spectacular. To do this, you need to gouge a hole in the wall of the required size. But in this case, the thickness of the block and the wall is the same, so on one side the blocks will be slightly recessed. The assembly of the blocks can be done with sealant or "liquid nails".

The approximate cost of the material.

The cheapest glass blocks are industrial. Their price is about 40-60 rubles apiece. Colored blocks are more expensive - from 160 rubles apiece. And probably the most expensive blocks are blocks with fusing (making drawings by sintering colored glass). The price of such blocks is not less than 1,500 thousand rubles per unit. The cost of work will cost you at least $ 20-25 per m2.

Frame-type partitions

Plasterboard interior partition

A plasterboard partition is drywall sheets, completely covering the racks and reinforced on both sides with a metal frame.

Advantages:

• Sound insulation index values \u200b\u200bfor a partition on a single frame, sheathed with 12 mm GKL sheet on both sides (95 mm thick) \u003d 37 dB. And for the same partition, but sheathed with two sheets of gypsum board, the sound insulation index is 45 dB.

• Low weight - 25-50 kg / m2 (for moisture-resistant drywall, this figure is higher).

• The main advantage of plasterboard partitions is that the wall is smooth and even, it is perfect for wallpapering, for painting with acrylic paints or any other finish.

• In addition, drywall has a fire resistance of 0.2 hours - for a partition from one layer of gypsum board and up to 1 hour - for a partition in two layers. GKL also has vapor and gas permeability, and is very easy to install.

Disadvantages:

• Drywall is fragile, so it is easy to damage it with a hard object.

• Afraid of moisture. When wet, GCR swells, deforms, and may even fall off the frame.

• You cannot hang something very heavy on the plasterboard partition. The maximum weight must not exceed 70 kg for each running meter, but objects must be attached directly to the frame. Light items (up to 15 kg), such as paintings, can be hung directly on drywall using screws and dowels.

GKL partition installation technology: First you need to build a metal frame from aluminum profiles. First of all, it is necessary to mark the partitions to be erected. First, it is performed on the floor, and then using a plumb line, this marking is transferred to the ceiling. Using dowels, we attach the guides, according to the markings, on the floor and on the ceiling. In the same way we fix the profile on the walls. We cut the profile to the height of the room and fasten it in increments of no more than 600 mm. The frame is ready! Before proceeding with the sheathing, you need to spread the sheets on a flat surface and cut in accordance with the height of the partition. We fix the sheets with self-tapping screws with a pitch of about 250 mm. After covering, the seams can be primed and putty. To do this, apply the putty to the seam and level the putty in one movement from top to bottom, and remove its excess. Then, without waiting for hardening, a reinforcing tape is laid on the putty, while it is pressed into the putty mass. Another layer of putty is applied over the tape. Self-tapping caps are sunk and putty.

Frame made of metal profile for an interior partition

Fastening a metal frame for interior plasterboard partitions

Approximate cost and material consumption: 1 m2 of a plasterboard partition will cost about $ 20-60 (excluding installation), with one layer of plasterboard. For the installation of a drywall partition, you will pay at least $ 6-8 per 1 m2.

Wooden interior partitions

Wooden partitions can be solid planks (single or double), double with an air or filled gap and frame sheathing.

Advantages:

• Made from environmentally friendly material.

• You can make a structure of increased strength, withstanding more than 150 kg of load.

• The weight of the wooden partition is about 92 kg / m2 (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

• The sound insulation index reaches 41 dB (with a partition thickness of 150 mm).

Disadvantages:

• Wooden structures are afraid of water.

• They have insufficient sound insulation (37 dB).

• They are fire hazardous - they have a fire resistance of 0.2 hours.

Installation technology:

• Single plank partitions: consist of vertically installed boards thickness 40-50 mm. Prepare the boards for mounting the partition. They should be: edged or grooved and their length should be 1 cm less than the distance from floor to ceiling. Before starting work, draw strictly vertical lines on the walls using a plumb line and a pencil. Then, along these markings, draw two more lines on the floor and ceiling. Next, nail two bars to the floor so that they form a groove equal in thickness to the board. Now you need to nail another triangular beam to the ceiling. Insert the board into the bottom groove, press it against the wall and nail to the top block. After all the boards are nailed, the gap between the boards must be filled with tow. Next, you can nail the second triangular beam to the ceiling, thereby pressing the boards. Such a partition can be plastered, sheathed with plywood, fiberboard or plasterboard sheets.

View from above

Double and triple plank partitions: Before proceeding with the installation of these partitions, it is necessary to prepare the planks and carry out all the markings (as in the case of single partitions). First you need to put the racks from floor to ceiling. The racks are firmly fixed between the slats and sheathed on both sides with boards 20-25 mm thick. The surface of the partition can be plastered, sheathed with fiberboard or drywall.

Wooden racks and slats for interior partitions

Frame sheathing partitions: For the installation of the frame, bars of 30x50 mm or 50x100 mm are used. Making the frame: Take two bars equal to the length of the partition (floor and ceiling bars). With the help of dowels, we fix the bars, according to the markings (as in the case of A and B), on the floor and on the ceiling. Likewise, there are bars on the walls. We cut them according to the height of the room and fasten them in increments of no more than 600-120 mm.

Sheathing: it can be made of plywood, fiberboard, chipboard sheets or boards 50-75 mm. First, the sheathing is completely nailed on one side, then on the other. After installing the partition plaster on both sides.

Wooden interior partitions

Approximate cost: The price for 1 m2 of such a partition is from $ 20 and more, it will depend on the cladding material.

For example: a running meter of timber costs at least $ 1, and the cost of boards will cost you about $ 200 per cubic meter. meter. At the same time, about 0.2 m3 of boards are consumed per 1 m2 of the partition. The cost of the work will cost you 2-3 dollars or more per 1 m2.

How to improve sound insulation? We still have one unresolved question: how can we improve the sound insulation of interior partitions if you need perfect silence?

The sound insulation index is measured in "dcibels". This value does not depend on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, but only on the interior partition itself.

In the standards of MGSN 2.04-97 "Permissible levels of noise, vibration and sound insulation requirements in residential and public buildings" there is a division of housing categories with their own sound insulation indices: 54 dB - for houses of category A (elite housing), 52 dB - for houses of category B (comfortable new buildings), 50 dB - for houses of category B (old houses).

The main way to improve the soundproofing of a room is to increase the thickness of the partitions or to use soundproofing material. As soundproof materials, you can use mats or slabs made of basalt or fiberglass, which have not only high heat-shielding and sound-absorbing ability, but also fire resistance. For example: if a soundproofing plate 50 mm thick is laid into a partition made of one layer of drywall, then the sound insulation index will be 43 dB, if a double layer of drywall is 58 dB.

The question of interior partitions is quite extensive. I hope that the tips given in this article will help you solve all the problems associated with the choice of materials and installation of interior partitions. Whether you use the tips given in this article or not, it's up to you.

Attention: Prices are valid for 2008.

If you bought an apartment in a new building without finishing and you are not satisfied with the layout of your new home, then by dismantling the old walls and installing new partitions, you can easily fix this.

As a rule, this allows you to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe room and get the desired dimensions for each room.

The partition is a wall with which the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room on one floor is divided into separate rooms or dividing one of them into certain zones (pantry, change house, etc.).

The difference between the partition and the main wall

The partition is an additional structure and should not be confused with a load-bearing (captive) wall. The main wall is the most important part of the structure of the entire residential building, the main function of which is to hold the entire load of the structure.

For redevelopment, you must obtain permission

This will lead to sad consequences: the collapse of the entire building as a whole, not a single architect will approve such a redevelopment scheme with documents and, plus everything, there will be administrative liability and, as a punishment, huge fines.

Partitions can be made both solid and with decorative holes

External walls provide reliable protection of the building from wind, rain and snow. They are erected on a foundation, withstand the weight of all parts of the structure that rest on it.

Partitions are found exclusively inside the building. They are not load-bearing elements, they are responsible only for themselves. As a rule, slabs are installed on joists or fixed directly to the floor.

The main wall must be made of durable materials, have a considerable thickness, not let the cold through, and serve for many years. In contrast, the ceiling can be made of less durable building materials and have properties that will subsequently be presented to the room to be partitioned (sound insulation, moisture resistance, and others).

Note that when making a partition, one must not forget that it must withstand its weight, therefore, special attention must be paid to building materials.

The main wall is an important part of the building, which is responsible for the load of the entire structure, from the upper floors to the basement, taking into account all floors, therefore, high-quality building materials that meet the standards of strength and reliability are used in its manufacture.

A solid wall must have the following characteristics in order to cope with all functional load tasks:

Types of partitions

Depending on what material the partitions are made of, it is customary to divide them into:

Depending on the purpose, partitions are divided into interroom, interroom, enclosing sanitary and kitchen units, folding or stationary. Accordingly, they have different thicknesses.

Compared to interroom apartments, they have improved sound insulation. The fencing has increased moisture resistance and hygienic finish. All partitions must meet the sound insulation requirements described in SNiP P-12-77 "Protection against noise".

Soundproofing qualities of partitions

For sound insulation, the partitions are lined with foam rubber, mineral wool

To improve the soundproofing qualities of partitions, they usually use:

• cardboard or glassine is laid between the layers of wooden partitions;
• from above, the partitions are also lined with glassine or cardboard. You can use a special soundproofing material - foam rubber, soundproofing membrane, etc .;
• in frame structures, the space is filled with various backfills (slag, sand, sawdust);
• all cracks and holes are carefully sealed. You can use soundproofing such as stone wool, which is inserted into each seam. In addition, the gaps can be filled polyurethane foam or using special filling sealants.

Installation of sliding partitions

Sliding partitions are made of one or more parts, fastened together without connecting to the floor. The installation of these partitions is carried out using guide profiles that are attached to the ceiling and floor with anchor bolts. For an example of installing a sliding partition, see this video:

The sliding part of the partition moves to the selected position along the guides. The advantages of such overlaps include speed. The main disadvantage is the complexity of the entire structure as a whole. It can only be installed ready-made.

It is most convenient to mount plywood or gypsum board on an aluminum profile

As a rule, frame partitions are made from a guide profile or wooden blocks. At the same time, the outer part of the frame is attached with self-tapping screws.

To reduce the loads on the partition structure, it is recommended to use expansion joints, which are a cut dividing the entire wall into separate parts.

The seams are used in ceilings longer than 15 m. Vertical seams are filled with putty and reinforcing tape is glued. Horizontal - only putty. If the surface of the frame is made in two layers of drywall, then the seams are filled only with plaster.

Installation of a brick partition

The first step is to pull the control lace set horizontally. Next, you need to spread the mortar on the surface for a strong bond of brick and floor. For more information on building a brick partition, see this video:

Every four rows of bricks are laid with a reinforcing mesh. Internal brick partitions, as a rule, are made half a brick thick. Masonry is done using cement-lime or cement-clay mortar.

For a better fit with the walls, anchor bolts are installed between the rows. The more often the installation step, the more adherence of the brickwork to the wall.

Installation of a partition from blocks

Just as in the previous case, installation is carried out using masonry.

First, mark and stretch the control laces.

After that, the solution is spread on the floor surface, along which the block is laid.

When over the openings, jumpers are used.

As you can see, the process of installing partitions is not so complicated. Any non-professional can do the work. The main thing is to do everything slowly, consistently and efficiently. The selection of building materials must be made in specialized construction stores that have a quality certificate for products. If the structure of the partition is made of substandard or counterfeit materials, it will not perform all its functions in full.