How to lay an electrical wire in a wooden wall. Wiring in a wooden house: step by step instructions, nuances and some features. RCD and grounding

Video instruction on how to correctly make electrical wiring (lay hidden or conduct external) in a wooden house with your own hands:

Wood in our country has long been the main building material. It was used by many generations of our predecessors.

It is very popular for the construction of modern environmentally friendly buildings from chopped logs, rounded or glued beams, frame structures.

Electricity greatly facilitates the solution of everyday household tasks of the population. Not a single building can do without its use.

However, massively using electricity in a private house made of wood, not all owners are well aware of the dangers that they create and even prevail in relation to the risks of residents of city buildings made of stone, brick, concrete slabs.

This is especially true for those who seek to combine the advantages of concealed wiring design ideas with the structures of wooden houses.

Dangerous properties of wood in construction

In terms of electrical hazards, a timber house has two potential properties:

1. high combustible characteristics of wood;
2. changes in dimensions, mobility of the overall structure due to gradual drying out, loss of moisture.

Both of these factors must be taken into account when constructing and operating a building.

Combustion ability

The fire hazard of wood is partially reduced by impregnation with special sorts of solutions of special substances - fire retardants based on sulphate or nitrate ammonium salts, which melt when the temperature rises, covering the wood with their layer and additionally creating gas release, which blocks combustion.

Such impregnation does not change the structure, beautiful appearance fiber textures, their mechanical properties. But its purpose is only to limit for a short time the initial ignition of the surface layer from the effects of open fire.

In the event of a short circuit with a failure and the formation of an electric arc or other method of arson, especially associated with the ignition of petroleum products, impregnation with fire retardants will not help. It was created in order to provide a short time delay for the start of a massive spread of fire throughout the structure of the house, to enable residents to jump out of the fire that has begun and save their lives.

This conclusion is easy to draw if you watch a video by Vladimir Stroy about the test of fireproof impregnation.

Experimental assessment of the efficiency of this method by fire inspection specialists fully confirmed its purpose.

This means that it is not worth relying on the protection of wood from fire in this way, but other, more effective security measures must be applied when installing electrical wiring.

Shrinkage in a wooden house

Natural sap flow is necessary condition growth of any tree. Due to this, there is always moisture in its composition, which gradually decreases in building structures located in the air. In this case, there is a slight change in dimensions.

The walls of the houses are gaining in a sequential arrangement of logs. When each of them dries out at least a little, then a general decrease in the height of the wall occurs. This process is called shrinkage.

When erecting a building, builders take into account its manifestation, apply various technical solutions, allowing to prevent shrinkage of a three-meter wall up to 20 cm in height. For this, special designs of protections for window and door openings, as well as for fastening the roof, are performed.

They are performed in different ways.

When installing hidden wiring, shrinkage should be taken into account and cables should be laid in such a way that the gradually changing geometry of the building does not harm their mechanical state: to exclude breaks and crushing.

How to safely mount the cable in the hidden wiring of a timber house

Electrical safety rules stipulate that even during the factory production of the cable, a defect can be allowed, which will cause a short circuit and arcing. The likelihood of its occurrence can be aggravated by various combinations of construction and operational factors, including erroneous actions on the part of a person.

Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the design of the cable used in a wooden house. And it is unacceptable to carry out electrical wiring with accidentally acquired ones. They can become the primary source of fire.

Features of the choice of cable

Conductor material

Recall right away that modern rules in home wiring, it is forbidden to use aluminum thinner than 16 mm square for one core. There are many reasons for this. Among them are dominated by:

• increased metal fragility;
• plasticity of aluminum from mechanical stress;
• high thermal conductivity;
• a rapidly forming oxide film on the surface, which creates a high transient resistance to electrical contacts;
• formation of galvanic processes with copper alloys;
• heats up quickly when burning in air, like sparklers, while copper in a similar situation cools.

Therefore, all wiring inside a modern residential building is made only of copper.

Insulation layer material

Dielectric materials of any current-carrying conductor can have one of three fire-fighting properties:

1. burn;
2. do not sustain combustion:
3. be resistant to open fire.

According to this principle, cable products are certified and labeled in different ways. For example, by the abbreviation of the VVG cable, it can be concluded that its insulating layer supports combustion. It cannot be used when installing electrical wiring in a wooden house.

If the abbreviation "ng" is added to the designation (for example, VVGng), meaning the non-combustible properties of the insulation, then such a cable does not support combustion. It should be chosen for laying in a wooden building.

Fire resistant cables are used for group laying in industrial facilities. They have a complex design and very high cost. Due to their significant price, they are not used in home construction.

Fire resistance of non-combustible cable

The dielectric material of the shell is specially selected for its resistance to fire. In the hidden electrical wiring of a wooden house, only cables are allowed for installation, the insulation of which does not spread the combustion process.

A short video by Vova Markov "VVGngLS - non-combustible cable" shows the various possibilities of insulating layers to resist the influence of open fire.

The insulating layer in this structure does not spread the combustion process in contact with a flame, but it is under prolonged exposure high temperature can change - melt. This leads to a short circuit and further development fire.

Cables marked "ng", like all other wiring elements, must not create direct contact with wood. They must be separated from it with a non-combustible layer - metal.

PUE requirements

The main document of electricians with its clause 7.1.38 clearly indicates three requirements for home wiring in a wooden house:

1. create sealed metal spaces from pipes or boxes for hidden placement of all electrical wiring in them;
2. prohibit the use of cables that support combustion;
3. provide access to any damaged circuit elements for replacement.

Due to the first requirement, all electrical wiring is placed in housings that can localize the combustion process and prevent its development. This must be done because cables run throughout the house, completely hidden from view. Fire can occur anywhere. Finding it quickly, even having discovered the beginning of smoke, is almost impossible.

Experienced firefighters who have the appropriate equipment with them are not able to qualitatively apply it to the fire source - it is necessary to find the place of ignition of the electrical wiring in the wall, and even get to it. During this time, the flame is completely thrown onto the building structure, when it becomes problematic to extinguish it.

The situation can be aggravated by dry wood dust that has accumulated in all crevices. When exposed to high temperatures, it explodes and spreads fire throughout the building.

The principle of operation of the box for hidden wiring

Electrical protection from circuit breakers and are designed to eliminate currents of short circuits, overloads, leaks. However, they are technical devices, which means that they can fail to work or not feel damage if they are incorrectly configured or selected.

Overload currents and incorrectly selected machines and wires are especially dangerous. The tripping zone of the thermal release provides for the power supply of the electrical circuit with an increased current, and the bad one overheats from it. This will create a source of fire.

In such a situation, only the absence of an inflow of fresh air can save the fire, which does not allow a hermetically made housing made of durable metal. By blocking the access of oxygen, the fire is self-extinguished.

Constructions of boxes for hidden wiring

The most affordable way to lay cables in metal pipes and connect their ends with special containers with lids. For the installation of switches, sockets, junction boxes, metal socket boxes and their analogs with sealing the cable entry are used.

When assembling the component parts of the box, the following can be used:

1. threaded connection;
2. or welding.

In the first method, electrical connection of all pipes and boxes with each other with additional wires through terminal clamps for a screw is required.

However, it is rather difficult to make them and correctly mount them inside the structure of a wooden house. Therefore, many electricians simplify the work, and some of the customers support them, wanting to save on material and labor costs.

For the installation of cables, plastic or metal corrugated pipes are offered, which are easy to bend in the desired direction. At the same time, for some reason, the properties of spreading an open fire and maintaining the combustion of a plastic corrugation are silent.

And with metal corrugations, not everything is safe. The fact is that the short-circuit current is capable of creating an electric arc of the order of 5000 degrees. This temperature is quite enough for burning through a thin-walled structure of corrugated metal. And through the resulting cavity, the fire successfully breaks out to the wood.

Such recommendations should be treated critically, because the requirements of the PUE are written on the basis of a very large sad statistics of fires and incidents. They should not only be observed, but understood, and the consequences of violations should be understood.

Features of replacing damaged electrical wiring elements

Inside the sealed box, it is necessary to provide for the installation of removable covers that provide access to the cable for its replacement if a malfunction is detected.

This requirement of the PUE is taken into account at the stage of creation. Otherwise, any damage to the power cable will create a lot of inconvenience to the home owner.

Shrinkage protection

"Subsidence" of a wall with a metal pipe installed in it, located along, can lead to mechanical damage to the cable.

This case must be provided with an exception:

• hard contact building materials with a pipe of a sealed box;
• deformation of the pipe due to the inclusion of compensating structures that prevent compression forces from shrinkage.

Possibility of condensation

We all understand perfectly well that the moisture contained in the air drops out during cooling, concentrating on the surrounding surfaces.

A hermetically sealed enclosure with cables is located inside the walls. A warm temperature acts on it from the side of the room through sockets and switches, and from the opposite side - through the cold bridges. This process manifests itself in different ways in warm, temperate climates and frosty zone conditions.

Residents of cold areas can watch all the long winter as drops of moisture appear on the outlets, reducing the total. Practice has shown that it is very difficult to prevent the formation of condensation in hidden wiring.

This requires complete thermal insulation. Simple design solutions to prevent condensation in a limited metal space have not yet been proposed. It is problematic to effectively eliminate the temperature difference in pipes for hidden wiring of such an arrangement, even in frost up to 20 degrees.

Owners of wooden houses with correctly concealed wiring cold winter unsuccessfully struggle with the formation of moisture inside the box. Do you want to repeat their experiments? Do you know how to do this? Share your experience.

As additional material on the topic of the article, we recommend watching the video of the owner Sami with a mustache "Wiring in a wooden house"

Ask questions about hidden wiring in a wooden house, tell your friends about the material you read using the social media buttons.

Wiring in a wooden house is an important aspect in construction. Despite the fact that the wood used for the construction of houses and cottages is treated with a variety of impregnations to increase fire resistance, this material is still vulnerable. If you do not lay the electrical network in the house according to the rules, then you can put your family in danger.

If you want to lay the power grid in a wooden house yourself, you need to adhere to a certain set of rules - PUE and SNiP. They provide a short general list of requirements, subject to which you can protect yourself as much as possible and prevent fires in a wooden room. Do-it-yourself wiring in the house should be laid according to clear instructions and each step should be provided.

PUE (rules for electrical installations) - defines the requirements for the installation of an electrical network in the premises. Compliance with the requirements of the PUE is considered expensive to implement, but a very expedient way. It is tough and time consuming to execute. For this reason, these rules are not often followed.

SNiP and PUE were prescribed in order to calculate absolute safety, provided that any load flows through the cable, to protect yourself from short circuit or line ignition. If homemade wiring is not exposed to relatively high voltages in a wooden house, then this is not particularly dangerous.

Therefore, when laying electrical wiring in such a building, all risk factors should be taken into account and the right decision should be made. Either the line is made according to all the rules of the PUE and SNiP - expensive, but reliable, or it will be carried out faster and cheaper, but under high loads your house will become unsafe.

In the normative act PUE-6 there are special requirements for laying electrical wiring in wooden rooms. In order to prevent moisture, steam condensate from accumulating on the cables, they are placed in pipes, metal sleeves or boxes are flexible. It also gives the wires additional protection against mechanical damage.

It is allowed to connect such pipes, ducts or metal hoses if the room is dry, there is no accumulation of gas, vapors, condensate and the humidity level is normal. The connection of metal hoses, boxes and pipes is necessary in case of negative conditions in the house. Fastening them together follows when the room contains vapors, gases that negatively affect the insulation of cables, their protective sheath, as well as when outdoor installation wiring if moisture, oil, or other liquids may enter the power line. Once bonded, they are sealed and sealed.

In dusty houses, sealing joints and branching of pipes, hoses, boxes are made to protect against dust, small debris. Connecting pipes, sleeves and boxes are used as a grounding or neutral protective conductor, performing the function of "ground" or "zero" in the wiring. Do not lead cables through ventilation ducts and mines. Only crossing is allowed by a single wire, which is in a protective metal sleeve or pipe.

Also routing wires for false ceiling must be carried out in accordance with the norms of Chapter 7 of the PUE. When installing the electrical network in a private wooden house, it is required to use exclusively copper wires... You also need to carefully select the type of cable that can withstand the required load with a margin. It is imperative to follow safety precautions when laying an electrical line in the house.

How not to do

In order to lead the electrical network into wood knowledge, one cannot use all the installation methods for stone houses or apartments. You cannot mount the wire on a wooden beam and other structures without protection. The main power line must not be covered with flammable materials or trim. Do not allow the insulation of the wiring to be exposed to temperature extremes, humidity, accumulation of dust and dirt on the wires, frequent deformation and bending of wires. It is necessary to exclude an increase in the load on the entire home network.

All of these factors can damage the wiring, resulting in a short circuit. If a bare part of the electrical wiring ignites in a wooden house, then a fire is inevitable. The wires should also not be unprotected. Pets or rodents can gnaw through the wire, which must be avoided. When processing wood near the laid wires, a large amount of shavings and dust accumulates. In the event of a short circuit, the presence of combustible material will help the ignition.

Entering cables into the house

Carrying out electrical cables a private wooden house is a very important work site. Do not focus solely on the internal wiring in the building. Entering the power cable into the house must comply modern requirements... It should be borne in mind that energy consumption has increased, which increases the load on the line, as well as the impact on the external insulation of solar is better, the temperature drop, moisture, which subsequently exposes the metal conductors of the wires. There are two possible ways establishments of the power line to a private house - underground and air.

An underground way to run an electric line is more reliable, but complex and expensive. The power cable is completely hidden from exposure external factors, which reduces the risk of mechanical damage to the wire, moisture ingress, etc. excavation... The cable is placed at a depth of more than 80 centimeters, and the security zone must be marked with special plates. The passage of the power line under the foundation of the house is made with a special metal sleeve through which the wire passes. The sleeve is made of thick-walled pipes and durable metal.

Today, this method is used in the construction of new houses, since it is possible to think over the passage of all communications into the building using new construction technologies. Air way. This method has been used for a long time. Only a qualified worker with a suitable permit is allowed on the poles of power lines. Therefore, you cannot make the cable entry yourself.

A cable of the SIP type is used from the pole to the house. Self-supporting insulated wire has a very strong sheath made of polyethylene structure, resistant to solar radiation and temperature extremes. The service life is about 25-30 years. This line does not start inside the building, only until switchboard... A VVGng cable is used for a separate section that connects the line connection point to the switchgear. It can be used for fixed wiring, as well as for outdoor. For reliability, it is placed in an electrotechnical corrugated pipe.

The connection usually takes place outside the building. At the intersection of VVGng wires through the wooden beam of the house, attic walls, floors, a metal sleeve is built in for additional protection of the wire.

Video "Wiring in a log house"

Panel mounting

When installing the shield, you need to follow the step-by-step instructions for installing it. All wiring is routed directly to the switchboard. An electric meter, additional protective devices, automatic plugs ( modern way de-energize the overvoltage network), DIN-rail, as well as the ground loop busbars and "zero". What dimensions the box should have is not regulated, but it is better not to save on this, so that it is possible to increase the equipment with an increase in the demand for electricity.

The installation of the meter is carried out by specialists of a state institution, they seal it. The capacity of operating machines is calculated for each zone separately. When the sector is overloaded, the direct power supply is turned off in it to avoid negative consequences. The RCD can be connected to the entire indoor network. This may affect more frequent automatic operations of the machine, but this is not critical. The shield is mounted on a solid, stable vertical surface in an accessible place. In private sectors, it is located outside the building.

When connecting wires to the switchboard, no conventional twisting is used. For this, soldering or terminal connections are used. The clamps are reliable and can be easily replaced if necessary. Choosing which method is best able to protect the electrical distribution board, you can choose a protective sealed box that will prevent moisture and physical damage.

Open wiring

According to the PUE-6 norms, open wiring in a wooden house is laid on the surface of the walls of the building, along the ceilings, as well as on farms and other building elements of the structure (supports, beams, etc.). Open wiring is laid along a tension string, cable, on special colic. Used insulators for electrical cables and cords, metal pipes, more flexible arms for line mobility, in trays. There are also special electrotechnical skirting boards in which the wire is placed, platbands with this purpose, free suspension.

Open wiring in a private wooden house involves the use of a special electrotechnical corrugated pipe to create an electrical line. For its production, a special stable and non-combustible type of plastic is used. It is much more expensive than conventional insulating elements, but justifies its reliability. Such a corrugated tube is very convenient for installation, since it is quite flexible. Despite its not aesthetic appearance, this insulating material is one of the best for open wiring in a wooden house.

The electrical tube collects a large amount of dust due to some of the characteristics of the material, which requires constant maintenance and wiping of dust from its surface. For the installation of open wiring, electrical boxes can be used. After the construction of a private wooden house, channels are installed in special boxes, which are usually made of refractory plastic. Cables are pulled through them and then sealed with covers.

The main problem with using such an installation is the shrinkage of the building after construction. The better the wooden beam is used for construction, the lower the level of shrinkage of the house. If the building is made of laminated veneer lumber, then usually the shrinkage is 1 centimeter per 1 meter of house height. Then, over time, on average for a two-story wooden house, the shrinkage will be about 3 centimeters. In the event that the wiring was made with tension on the cord, then it can burst from excessive tension and pressure. In another case, the box covers will fly out, and they will crack. Then the wiring will need to be re-drawn. Therefore, it is imperative to take into account the shrinkage, make a small supply of wire at the joints, near the switchboard, and also at the electric pole.

Hidden wiring

The norms of PUE-6 provide that hidden wiring in a wooden house can be laid directly inside structural elements buildings (wall, floor, ceilings, foundation), in wooden floor ceilings, as well as under a removable beam. Hidden electrical wiring in a house can be done in several ways - placing the cable in flexible protective sleeves, pipes, boxes, in hollow building structures or closed channels. Also, the laying of the wiring can be done in a grooved groove, which is covered with special plaster, or the creation of a "monolith" in various building structures during their manufacture at the factory.
It is recommended to start the installation of hidden wiring in a wooden building using metal hoses or pipes to protect the room. Adhering to such rules, you can avoid the consequences of arcing of the wiring, overheating of cables from excessive load in the network.

Usually hidden wiring is laid behind wooden beams walls or floor. It is necessary that the protective elements are minimally vulnerable to corrosion. To do this, you need to first paint over the structure with a stable paint to reduce the likelihood of rusting and increase the service life, or use pipes made of a special material - stainless steel (expensive and reliable), galvanized.

After pipes and sleeves have been cut to the required length, sharp iron burrs and edges remain at their ends, which should not be allowed when laying the cable. Since these edges can damage the braiding of the cord, they must be cleaned with a sharpening stone or file. Specially designed plastic plugs can be used.

If the electrical wiring in the house will be done under a wooden floor, then you need to raise a few bars for more convenient laying of the sleeve or pipe. In the places where the wiring exits, to connect the accessories, you need to drill in the bar. The wires coming out of the main line can be placed in a copper tube and sunk into the wall. Copper is flexible enough, resistant to corrosion and well suited to continue further assembly workhowever, this material is quite expensive. If the electrical cables will be recessed into the wall, then this requires the use of a drill and hammer drill. In this case, the bar is not removed, but a longitudinal hollow is drilled in it, where the wire will be laid in the future.

According to GOST and PUE, there is a standard for conducting power lines in rooms with temperature extremes. If a stable temperature corresponding to the season is not maintained in a wooden house, then pipes with a cable should be placed at a slight slope. This is due to the fact that condensation can accumulate in such houses, which should not be allowed. A slight slope will allow the accumulated condensate to drain gradually to the bottom of the pipe and gradually evaporate.
Since it makes no sense to use plaster in wooden houses, the wiring is usually placed on the floor with a wooden floor beam or between partitions of walls where there are recesses.

In our time, wooden houses are already the norm. Everyone wants to live in an ecologically clean house, but at the same time a modern person does not want to give up the conveniences of our time. We are talking about lighting, the use of household appliances, computers, etc. All this will be possible only if electrical wires are laid inside the house, switches and sockets, distribution boards are installed. When it comes to a wooden house that is highly flammable and burns, special requirements are put forward for the installation of wiring, compliance with which is the guarantee of the safety of all residents. We will figure out how to properly install electrical wiring in a wooden house and what must be taken into account. The material will help you evaluate your strengths and decide whether it is possible to do all the work with your own hands or you will have to call a professional for help.

# 1. Requirements for wiring in a wooden house

Wood is one of those types of materials that ignite easily and burn well. can easily catch fire from a normal short circuit in electrical circuit, therefore, the process is to minimize the likelihood of a short circuit occurring, and if it occurs, minimize the consequences. Such requirements are put forward for wiring in a wooden house:

# 2. Hidden wiring in a wooden house

Wiring in wooden buildings can be done in two ways:

Work related to electricity requires attention, adherence to rules and accuracy. And do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house requires even more attention: the material is very fire hazardous. Therefore, when planning and installing, pay attention to the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents. If you do not have enough experience, it is highly advisable to invite a competent electrician for a consultation before connecting, and even better before starting installation. He will be able to point out to you the flaws and miscalculations.

House wiring diagram

According to current regulations, when connecting electricity without a transformer, the power consumption for a private house should not exceed 15 kW. It is found by adding up the power of all electrical appliances that can be turned on at the same time. If the figure found is less than 15 kW, the introductory machine is set at 50 A. If the power is more, a transformer is also needed. Its parameters will be indicated to you in the project, since in this case, you cannot do without it.

Where to put the introductory shield, requirements for the body

Recently, representatives of energy supply organizations have been demanding that meters (and input machines, respectively) be installed on the street. This is done in order to be able to control consumption even if the owners are not at home. But this requirement is not supported by anything, and, if you wish, you can install everything inside the house. But more often, in order not to bicker with the controllers, the requirements are fulfilled, and the machine and the counter are installed on the street.

For outdoor installation, the circuit breaker (AZ) and the meter must be in a sealed case, protected from dust, dirt and moisture. The protection class for installation must be at least IP-55. For the convenience of monitoring readings, there should be a window in the door of the box for the electric meter. For installation inside a wooden house, the requirements are somewhat lower: IP-44, but the case must be metal.

Organization of entry into the house

After the introductory machine, an electric meter is installed, then another RCD is installed - for emergency power off in the presence of a short circuit, and then the cable is put on the electrical panel inside the house. inside the house should be one step lower than the one installed outside. In this case, if there are problems, the machine in the house will work first and you do not have to climb the wall to the input machine installed there every time.

Single-pole machines are installed in the dashboard, to which wires are connected, diverging through the rooms. They are mounted on DIN rails, their number is recruited depending on how many separate "branches" of power supply are required. To find out how many machines should be in your dashboard, count the number of required groups, add two or three free machines "for development". These will be the "branches". By the amount received, select the size of the electrical panel.

We divide consumers into groups

When planning an electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house, all connection points are divided into separate groups (they are often called consumption groups). For example, all the sockets on the ground floor are powered by one machine, a separate device is installed on lighting in the house, one more - for street lighting. If any powerful electrical equipment is used - a boiler, an electric boiler, an electric stove, etc. - it is advisable for them to conduct separate branches of the power supply and install personal machines. Separate protection devices are also installed for the power supply of outbuildings (if you do not want to pull separate inputs to them and install a separate meter, but only on the condition that the power of all electrical appliances does not exceed 15 kW).

From a safety point of view, it is best to make as many separate branches of the power supply as possible. This will increase the number of machines and increase the cost of the project, but will reduce the number of potentially dangerous connections. It is in the places where the conductors are taken off that problems most often arise: the contacts oxidize, heat up, then begin to spark. Therefore, it is better to make the number of connections as small as possible.

And, at the last stage, it is advisable to draw a diagram of the wiring of electricity in the premises on the plan of the house. Consumer groups are easier to draw. different colors... So you can more fully imagine how the wiring diagram in a wooden house will look like, it will be easier to do it yourself. For example, everything may look like the photo below.

Types of electrical wiring in a wooden house

After installing the shield and installing all the necessary machines, you can start wiring electrical cables in the house. In a wooden house, there are three ways to lay an electrical cable:

Features of closed wiring in a wooden house

As you understand, closed wiring can be done during the construction phase or overhaul... Moreover, when laying it, there are peculiarities: all connection nodes must be mounted in special metal boxeswhich should be freely accessible. They cannot be hidden under the trim, because their covers are selected to match and / or try to be placed in places that do not attract attention.

If hidden wiring in a wooden house is carried out not with a cable, but with insulated wires, the thickness of the walls of metal pipes is regulated by:

• for copper wire with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm 2, the wall thickness can be any;
• with a section up to 4 mm 2, the thickness of the metal wall must be at least 2.8 mm;
• if the conductors have a cross section of 4.5 to 10 mm 2, the pipe must have a wall of at least 3.2 mm;
• with a section from 10.2 to 16 mm 2, the wall should be no thinner than 3.5 mm.

When laying electrical cables, wall thickness requirements metal pipe no, therefore it is permissible to lay cables (they have double and triple insulation) in a metal corrugation or, as they say, in a metal hose. It is much more convenient and faster.

Laying the cable in a corrugated metal hose (metal hose) is much more convenient and requires less time and money

But in any case, since the wires will be hidden, access to them is extremely limited. Making changes to an existing network is troublesome and expensive. Therefore, before proceeding with the installation of closed electrical wiring in a wooden house, carefully check the diagram and do everything very carefully and scrupulously.

Rules for installing electrical wiring in cable ducts

When installing open wiring or laying it in cable channels, there are also rules. They relate to how far from the floor, ceiling, corners and other structures they can be located. All these norms are shown in the photo for greater clarity.

Selection of cable cross-section and its connection

The cross-section of the cable cores is selected depending on the planned load (in kW) and the core material. It is not at all necessary to make all wiring with the same cable. You can save money without compromising security. To do this, a cross section is selected for each section, depending on the power of the devices that will be connected here. Their power consumption is summed up, about 20% of the stock is added and the cross-section is selected from this value in the table.

To connect the power supply in a wooden house, additional requirements are added for fire safety... The main thing is that the wire sheath must be non-combustible. These wires have the letters "ng" in the name. Double () or triple (NYM) cable insulation is also required to ensure the required degree of protection.

In order for the electrical wiring in a wooden house to be done correctly with your own hands, it is best to use cables with multi-colored cores. Then you will definitely not confuse zero with phase or ground. Typically, colors are distributed like this:

If you buy a cable european production, there are different colors:

• "Earth" - yellow-green;
• "Zero" is white;
• “Phase” is red.

Choice of sockets and switches

To ensure fire safety in a wooden house, sockets and switches with a metal mounting plate should be installed. First, it is mounted on the wall, then the external panel is installed. Use is allowed plastic plates, but the plastic must be non-flammable and have an appropriate fire safety certificate.

Moreover, for the safe connection of most modern equipment, three-wire sockets with a ground wire are required. It is also required when connecting lighting, but indoors this is often not done. But for lighting on the street, grounding is necessary: \u200b\u200bhere the operating conditions are much more complicated.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house: installation rules

In a wooden house, you need to constantly remember that the material is flammable and in this case it is better to play it safe. Do-it-yourself wiring in a wooden house is done in compliance with the basic rules:

• First, the whole scheme is assembled, the operability of each branch is checked (). We check each of the power supply lines for a short circuit, "to ground". Only then are the wires connected to the machine. We recommend that you immediately sign what is connected. Then it's easier to look for faults. Having connected one line, turn on the power supply, connect the load. If there are no triggers, great - you can continue. Turn off the machines (which goes to the already tested line and the introductory one), work with the next line. After all the lines are checked and connected (signed), an introductory machine is cut in. Then, gradually, one by one, the lines are turned on.
• Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out only with whole pieces of cable without connections and twists.
• The wiring is carried out in stages. Having laid a piece of cable, be sure to check the integrity of the insulation of the laid piece of cable. For this, the conductors and insulation are "ringing" in relation to the ground and conductors.
• When cutting the cable, a margin of length is left - at least 15-20 cm. If, with an incorrect connection, it will be possible to reseal without overtightening the cables.
• Be sure to follow the colors of the wires.

By observing these rules, self-made electrical wiring in a wooden house will be safe and reliable.