Pyrolysis boilers of long burning with a water circuit. Pyrolysis boiler and the principle of its operation. Permitted fuels are

Heating houses with solid fuel boilers is quite a common occurrence in small settlements where there is still no gas. In most cases, the most common firewood or fuel briquettes are used as fuel.

The disadvantage of such boilers is that they are forced to make many approaches to throw up more and more new portions of fuel. Pyrolysis boilers long burning are deprived not only of this shortcoming, but also of some others - we will talk about this as part of our review.

Features of pyrolysis boilers

Traditional wood-fired boilers are annoying because they require constant supervision. That is, every 2-3 hours they need to put more and more portions of fuel in them, otherwise the pipes in the house will become cold. It is especially difficult at night, when instead of a restful sleep, households get a headache in the form of a cooling heating. On the one hand, sleeping in a cool place is good for health. On the other hand, meeting the morning, desperately chattering your teeth, is not very pleasant.

Classic boilers for home heating have another important drawback - low efficiency. The fuel in them burns very quickly, most of the heat simply escapes into the atmosphere. Together with it, combustion products containing combustible gases fly into the air. They can be used to obtain additional portions of heat - this is what happens in pyrolysis boilers for long-term combustion.

As you already understood, solid fuel pyrolysis heating boilers are devoid of both of the above disadvantages.. They are endowed with capacious fireboxes, burning solid fuel according to a slightly different principle. Here are their main features:

The principle of operation of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler is very simple. Although this figure does not cover all the nuances, it conveys the essence of the technology in full.

• Large volume of the furnace - up to several tens of liters. Due to this, the frequency of approaches for laying fuel is reduced several times;
• The pyrolysis principle of combustion - allows you to get much more thermal energy from the same amount of firewood;
• Quite large - in fact, there are two fireboxes. In one, firewood slowly burns out, and in the second, the products of combustion released from the wood are burned;
• Low combustion temperature - reduces the thermal load on the metal.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are somewhat more complex than their traditional counterparts, but they provide significant fuel savings.

It should be understood that due to the complex design, often containing elements of automation, pyrolysis boilers are characterized by a high price. Therefore, the initial cost of their purchase may seem large. But in the future they will definitely justify themselves.

Operating principle

Now we will try to understand how a long-burning pyrolysis boiler is arranged and how it works. The principle of operation is very simple and complex at the same time. Pyrolysis is discussed in school course physics - being heated in a confined space, wood emits combustible gases that can be ignited and heat generated. In fact, there is no direct combustion of wood in such an experiment.

In long-burning pyrolysis boilers, firewood still burns, but with limited air supply. We can say that this is a slow smoldering. Having flared up, the tree begins to emit combustible gases that burn in the afterburner. In total, we get two sources of heat - these are burning wood and burning wood gas. The effect of such staged combustion is felt in the form of fuel savings of up to 40%.

Wood gas in pyrolysis boilers for long-term combustion is formed as a result of slow smoldering of fuel. At the same time, the equipment heats the air, which, together with wood gas, is fed into the afterburner. There, the mixture ignites and burns with the formation of a large amount of heat. At the same time, the amount of harmful emissions, in comparison with traditional boilers, is extremely small.

Thus, a pyrolysis boiler is a direct fuel saving, since more heat can be released from the same portion of firewood. Instead of 10 cubic meters of firewood for one winter period it can take only 6-7 cubic meters. At the same time, users will not need to put all new portions of firewood into the insatiable firebox every 2-3 hours.

Long-burning pyrolysis boilers are available in several modifications:

Despite the low burning rate of the fuel, the emitted porylysis gases are able to pump the flame to a similar bright white-yellow color.

• Non-volatile - they work on natural draft and are controlled mechanically;
• Volatile - here the pyrolysis proceeds using forced draft. This increases the efficiency of combustion;
• With a different arrangement of the afterburning chamber - it can be located above the combustion chamber or below it. Also on sale there are modifications with a sequential arrangement of cameras.

There are many modifications, but in general, the device and the principle of operation are almost the same.

Long-burning volatile pyrolysis boilers are good because they often have automation that can control the power of the equipment and the intensity of combustion, focusing on the temperature of the coolant or the temperature in the rooms.

Long-term combustion in pyrolysis boilers is ensured by two factors at once. The first factor is the low burning/smoldering rate of wood. The second factor is the large volume of the combustion chamber. For example, pyrolysis boilers with a furnace volume of 50 liters and even more are on sale. It is not surprising that the frequency of approaches for loading fuel is reduced to 1-2 times a day.

Advantages and disadvantages

Pyrolysis boilers have a number of advantages over their traditional counterparts. But they also have some drawbacks. Let's discuss all their pros and cons:

• Profitability - it varies from 10 to 40%, depending on the model, intensity of combustion and air temperature outside the window;
• long burning - you can put fuel only 1-2 times a day. For example, morning and evening. At any time of the day, the house will be warm;
• Ecological cleanliness - firewood burns almost completely, with minimal emission of combustion products;
• Almost complete heat transfer to the heating system - the temperature of the exhaust gases here is lower than in traditional boilers;
• In long-burning pyrolysis boilers, various power control mechanisms are often implemented - they work by adjusting the intensity of fuel smoldering and gas supply to the afterburner.

There are also disadvantages:

Due to the impressive dimensions, you will have to find a lot of free space to accommodate the boiler. Basement and attic are the most promising options.

• High cost - user reviews say that long-burning pyrolysis boilers are very convenient, economical and practical. But the initial costs for their purchase are extremely high (most true for powerful volatile models);
• Energy dependence - such units are more efficient, but require connection to the mains (the total electricity consumption is small, but in its absence, work will be difficult or even impossible);
• Large dimensions - long-burning pyrolysis boilers are noticeably larger than any other solid fuel units.

The disadvantages are not the most serious, some of them can be neglected. But you have to put up with the high cost.

Fuel used

We have already said that long-burning pyrolysis boilers run on wood. This is a fairly common and inexpensive type of fuel. In some cases, firewood can be obtained completely free of charge. But these boilers can operate on many other types of solid fuels. For example, in some stores we can buy a pellet pyrolysis boiler. It works on fuel pellets on the same principle as the above units.

The main advantages of pellet models are automated fuel supply (implemented in some units), low ash content of fuel.

You can also purchase a pyrolysis boiler on coal. It will please you with long burning and high efficiency. Coal-fired boilers work on the same principle of operation, generating combustible gas from hard coal. Due to the powerful calorific value, the frequency of approaches for laying fuel is lower than when using long-burning wood-burning pyrolysis boilers.

Popular Models

Popov's pyrolysis boiler is a simple non-volatile unit made of steel. The design turned out to be so successful that many craftsmen copy it, assembling heating equipment with their own hands. The presented boiler is omnivorous, it can burn almost any solid fuel. And an impressive furnace of gigantic volume allows you to count on almost 24 hours of continuous burning. At the same time, the fuel burns almost completely, forming a minimum of components harmful to nature.

One of the advantages of this pyrolysis boiler is the ability to lay logs of non-standard size (up to 75 cm in low-power models, up to 240 cm in the most productive units), which ensures long-term burning. The maximum power of the equipment is 1000 kW, the minimum is only 25 kW. Depending on the selected operating mode, the efficiency of the device varies from 75 to 95%.

Boilers Geyser

Equipment from the manufacturer of the same name is represented by two lines - household and industrial. Household pyrolysis boilers Geyser of long burning have a capacity of 10 to 50 kW. They can operate on any solid fuel, characterized by a high efficiency. The volume of the furnace for the smallest model is 40 liters. The equipment is non-volatile and is characterized by extreme simplicity in operation and unpretentiousness.

Boilers Buderus

The solid fuel pyrolysis boiler of long burning Buderus Logano G221-20 from the well-known brand Buderus is an excellent purchase for heating your home. Its power is 20 kW, thanks to which it can heat rooms up to 200 square meters. m. The control here is mechanical, connection to a power source is not required. The heat exchanger here is made of cast iron - this affects the cost of the model, but makes it durable and resistant to corrosion. True, the efficiency of the heating unit is only 78%.

Its closest analogue is the more advanced long-burning pyrolysis boiler Buderus Logano S171-22 W. It has a high efficiency, which is 87%. The use of forced draft is responsible for this - inside we will find a small fan. Another difference is the steel heat exchanger. This does not add reliability, but it makes the equipment more affordable. The average fuel consumption is about 6 kg/h.

Boilers Bastion

Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers of long burning Basting of the M-KST series belong to the non-volatile equipment working at firewood and other types of solid fuel. The line has been produced for 3 years and is characterized by a low number of negative reviews. The younger model has a power of 12 kW, the oldest - 50 kW. The boilers are endowed with powerful cast-iron heat exchangers, the minimum volume of the furnace is 40 liters. Of the benefits - a reliable design and affordable cost.

Video

What is wood pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the decomposition of a substance under the influence of temperature.
wood pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of a wood substance.

Under the influence of temperature, wood decomposes into products wood pyrolysis - carbon (charcoal) and volatile hydrocarbons (pyrolysis gas). Wood pyrolysis products are combustible substances. When - we see combustion (oxidation) of wood pyrolysis products. Without preliminary pyrolysis (thermal decomposition), wood will not burn. Pre-pyrolysis of woody matter is required condition burning wood. In any fire and stove, at the tip of a burning match and in a raging forest fire, the same thing always happens - the thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of the wood substance and the combustion (oxidation) of the wood pyrolysis products are continuously going on. If the wood does not burn, it means that there is no sufficiently strong and effective process of pyrolysis of the wood substance that can support the combustion of wood.

Ignition and burning of wood

If the wood is heated long enough and strongly enough, its thermal decomposition will begin, followed by ignition of the pyrolysis products. The first, sluggish process of wood pyrolysis begins already when it is heated to a temperature of 120°C ... 150°C. Then, as it heats up, thermal decomposition intensifies and becomes noticeable to the naked eye. At a temperature of 250°С...350°С, the wood surface becomes charred and white smoke appears. At this temperature, short-term ignition of pyrolysis products can occur. With further heating of wood to 600 ° C, there will be an indispensable ignition of these very products of thermal decomposition - the formed charcoal and pyrolysis gas. If the ignition zone is not supercooled, the wood will catch fire and burn. You can read more about the process of burning wood in the article "".

What is pyrolysis wood combustion

Basically, any combustion of wood is pyrolysis, since any combustion of wood is preceded by its preliminary - thermal decomposition. The combustion of wood cannot be any other than pyrolysis.

What is a wood burning pyrolysis boiler

Wood pyrolysis boiler - this is a heating equipment that works on wood and organic heating briquettes, according to the principle of (separate) combustion of fuel. Since, with such separate combustion of fuel, pyrolysis gas is released (generated), pyrolysis boilers are often called "gas generating" or "gassing". Specialists can separate these concepts for those cases when it is really important. For the average consumer, there is only one thing to remember:

The main difference between the pyrolysis boiler is the presence of a two-chamber body structure, which provides separate combustion of fuel.

You can read more about pyrolysis boilers in the article.

Fuel for wood pyrolysis boiler

The fuel for the pyrolysis boiler is also fuel briquettes (wood and organic). In a small percentage (no more than 15-25% of the total mass), you can add wood chips, sawdust, shavings, small wood waste and even pellets.

Despite the fact that pellets are 100% wood, they cannot serve as the main fuel for a pyrolysis boiler, due to their fine fraction. The minimum size of pieces of fuel for a pyrolysis boiler is 70-100 mm in diameter, no less.

Fossil energy carriers and products of their processing - gas, oil, coal and coal fuel briquettes, as well as rubber products and plastic-containing substances cannot serve as fuel for a pyrolysis boiler.

The work of a wood pyrolysis boiler (video)

Poryskav on the web, easily found good video about the operation of the pyrolysis boiler. The screen clearly shows that firewood (fuel) is loaded into the upper (pyrolysis) chamber. There, the wood smolders and decomposes under the influence high temperature. This releases flammable pyrolysis gas. Then, already in the lower chamber - this gas burns out like ordinary natural gas. The remains of wood burn out in the upper chamber.

How to choose a wood pyrolysis boiler

Nowadays, wood pyrolysis boilers are not made and sold only by the lazy. It is no wonder. In times of fuel crises, wood heating is a tidbit and a balm for the heart. However, REAL pyrolysis boilers are not “too tough” for every manufacturer and seller. Because this thing is very material-intensive and cumbersome. And since, “in vain, to shove a pile of metal and ceramics to distant lands” - no one will, then when buying a pyrolysis boiler, you need to immediately tune in to work with a domestic manufacturer or a well-established dealer network.

That's what you need to agree with them. next questions, paramount when buying a wood pyrolysis boiler:

Lining of wood fired pyrolysis boiler

The lining is obligatory for a wood pyrolysis boiler.
And the point here is not at all in protecting the metal from burning out.
Metal, just nothing threatens.

But the process of wood pyrolysis itself can suffer from hypothermia. Because, active thermal decomposition of woody substance is possible only at a temperature of at least 600 ... 800ºС. And, if the fuel comes into contact with the steel water-cooled walls of the boiler body (t = 120 ... 250ºС), it will simply go out or burn badly. It turns out that the lining of the pyrolysis boiler protects the combustion zone of fuel (firewood) from hypothermia.

In addition, the lining kit of any pyrolysis boiler contains the most important detail, without which the operation of a pyrolysis heating unit is simply unthinkable - this is a ceramic NOZZLE!

Explanation of the importance of the nozzle
- Absolutely all pyrolysis boilers must have two chambers - a loading chamber (for wood pyrolysis) and a combustion chamber (for burning pyrolysis gases). These two chambers are necessarily connected by a ceramic nozzle, which is the main attribute of the combustion of pyrolysis gases.

The ceramic nozzle of a wood-burning heating pyrolysis unit is its "Achilles' heel". The nozzle of the pyrolysis boiler withstands thermal shocks with an amplitude of almost 600ºС, wears out very quickly, collapses and fails. The service life of the nozzle, a maximum of 3-4 years. After that, it will need to be replaced.

And, if the service life of the boiler body is 15-20 years, and the service life of its lining parts is 3-4 years, then this means only one thing - periodically the lining parts of the pyrolysis heating unit will need to be bought from its manufacturer and changed.

Hence the conclusion - you need to take products from well-known manufacturers who have an established dealer network and there should be no problems with the purchase of spare parts.

Advice
- If you decide to purchase a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler, try to immediately buy a lining kit for it. The seller's answer will be a balm for the heart. Either it (lining, nozzle) is on sale, or it is not. In any case, this will save you from big problems in the future, because the lining of wood-burning pyrolysis boilers is unique in its configuration and you can buy it only from the manufacturer.

Thus, it turns out that pyrolysis boilers are tied to their manufacturer, because only the manufacturer of the pyrolysis boiler can buy its lining

The thickness of the metal body of the wood pyrolysis boiler

Nowadays, the cast-iron boiler body is a rarity. All modern wood-burning boilers have an all-welded steel sheet metal body. When choosing a pyrolysis wood-burning boiler - be interested in the thickness of the metal of its body.

Here, indicative information on the thickness of the metal of the pyrolysis wood-burning boiler body, depending on its power:

Wood Pyrolysis Boiler Weight

A third follows from the first two questions. As soon as it was decided that the pyrolysis heating unit should have thick walls of its body and a thick lining, then its weight should be serious. The way it is. Pyrolysis boilers are heavy stuff. And, if the weight of the wood pyrolysis boiler is less, respectively, the manufacturer saved on metal or product lining.

Good and light wood pyrolysis boilers - do not exist

Here is the approximate weight of pyrolysis boilers depending on their power:

Note. Information taken from the technical department of one of the leading manufacturers of wood pyrolysis boilers.

Wood Pyrolysis Boiler Dimensions

The dimensions of a wood pyrolysis boiler are made up of a combination of the dimensions of the combustion chambers plus the dimensions of the heat exchanger. Must be at least:

Note. Information taken from the technical department of one of the leading manufacturers of wood pyrolysis boilers.

Heated area for wood burning boiler

The most important thing is to choose a wood pyrolysis boiler in size.
There are many tips and tricks here. The simplest and most proven old-fashioned way is to select a heating unit at the rate of 1 kW per 10 m 2 of the heated area. You need to choose with a margin of 10%. Accordingly, a 16kW boiler is needed for 120m 2, a 18kW boiler for 160m 2, and so on ... If the manufacturer did not “fool” with the power indicator of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, everything will work.

Small correction for room height
- If the height of the heated room is more than 3m, then for each meter above it is necessary to add the power of the selected boiler + 1 ... 3%.

What to do after choosing a wood burning boiler

(comic advice from the manufacturer)

After choosing and buying a wood-burning boiler, the question arises - what to do with it now, actually?

Transportation of wood burning pyrolysis boiler
Proper transportation of the wood burning boiler is very important. Best of all, pyrolysis boilers are not transported, but tilted to the installation site. At the same time, one should not forget that the more often the boiler was “hipped” on mother earth, the stronger the lining and the boiler body became. "Shaking", you know, it's the right thing. Naturally, such a heating unit will last longer.
(Perfect option moving the boiler in space is “drag on the road”) If, at the same time, the lining is slightly scratched, the door or the automation unit falls off - do not be discouraged. Feel free to call the manufacturer's technical support department and demand replacement of low-quality parts. At the same time, do not forget to cut off (tear off) the temperature sensor, such as it fell off by itself.

Installation and connection of a wood pyrolysis boiler
When installing a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler, feel free to ignore any plumbing rules, SNIPs and, most importantly, common sense! Remember that wood-burning boilers can work even "lying on their side"! Wood fired pyrolysis boilers do not require skilled labor to install and maintain them. It's WOOD. Call the "shabashnikov", "sandalte" the pyrolysis boiler to your heating system and immediately call the manufacturer's technical support service.

Recruitment of personnel for the maintenance of a wood pyrolysis boiler
When recruiting personnel, for the role of an operator of a wood-burning pyrolysis boiler, choose drunks from the gateway. They will certainly be able to chop and stuff firewood into the boiler furnace. And, squeeze the automation buttons - call one of your friends to higher education was a man, that is.

Maintenance of a wood burning pyrolysis boiler
Someone invented the maintenance of a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler. Rave. What is there to serve? He stuffed firewood, set it on fire and let it burn. Well, there is some ash and ashes. So they themselves fall out of the boiler when the doors are opened.
Does the manufacturer remind you of the need to open the heat exchanger once a season and clean the surface of the pipes from soot? Nonsense. Why get your hands dirty to clean what you can't see?

Instruction manual, passport and warranty card
Each pyrolysis boiler is accompanied by "Operating Instructions", "Passport" and "Warranty Card". What is it and why is it done?
Explanation:

• Warranty card
  - It can be hung in a frame, there are beautiful seals and signatures
• Passport
  - Well, this is in case the special services become interested in the origin of the boiler. Then you need to put your passport in their nose and send it to hell.
• User manual
  - Oh, it's important! It's just that you don't have to read it.
  In fact, this is paper for the first ignition of the boiler.

Electronic control unit (automatic)
It has only six buttons. This is much less than on a mobile phone. So there won't be any problems. We press the buttons and see what happens. The button "for self-destruction" is not provided by the manufacturer, so nothing threatens the consumer.

The first ignition of a wood pyrolysis boiler!
Song! It is very important, at the first ignition, to attribute all your problems to the manufacturer! At the same time, you need to remember that you need to call the technical support service until you are completely satisfied! And where should they go. That's what they get paid for!

By the way, the marketing department and the technical service of the plant, with great pleasure, read the "Operating Instructions" on the phone, which is applied to each pyrolysis boiler. In addition, for a small fee, the same "Operating Instructions" is read in verse and to the accompaniment of a tambourine.

Condensate in the body of a wood pyrolysis boiler
Don't trust anyone. None exist in nature! These are all inventions of the manufacturer. As soon as you see a puddle under your pyrolysis boiler, immediately start calling the manufacturer. And the more often, the better. Let them come and take their holey trough. Then, having talked enough on the phone and taking on faith the statement about condensate, it will be possible to relax a little.

Practice has proven that after about a day or three, and in especially severe cases - just a week later, all owners of pyrolysis boilers adapt to heat the boiler so that condensate formation is reduced to zero. However, at the first ignition, a sea of ​​condensate is guaranteed. In some cases, its amount can reach tens of liters.

Firewood for wood pyrolysis boiler
need raw. Moreover - wet or freshly cut.
Did you read somewhere that pyrolysis boilers allow you to burn firewood with a moisture content of up to 70%? Right. This is the kind of firewood you need to shove into the firebox. And if the firewood is also frozen and with pieces of ice, then this is generally a class. It is this wood that will give the greatest amount of heat during combustion. As for the type of wood, we choose poplar. It is cheaper than oak and gives a lot of fine ash. In addition, it is much more pleasant to look at a huge pile of low-calorie poplar blocks than a pair of high-quality oak logs. Low-calorie food is in vogue these days. Everyone wants to lose weight. Now, both low-calorie yogurts and lard. Therefore, it is also fashionable to harvest low-calorie firewood for the winter. Type - the most squeak, on the topic.

Shovel
As you know, you need to laugh after the word "shovel". You can smile at this place.

Nostalgia for the gas idyll

Oh, it was a good thing - gas heating.
Oh what a song it was - mass gasification Soviet Union.
And what words were in it - Urengoy-Pomary-Uzhgorod.
The people then accepted the innovation with a bang! and whole streets, cities and villages switched from coal-wood furnace heating for gas heating - civilized. ABOUT! gas boilers and plates very quickly won the hearts of consumers and firmly entered the household and industrial life. Heating plants have almost completely switched to gas. All new boiler houses were designed and built only for gas. Mankind breathed a sigh of relief and for many years gas became one of the main sources of thermal energy.

Gas heating - an unaffordable luxury

Recently, the situation has changed dramatically.
Natural gas has risen in price. Moreover, the price has risen so much that the unexpectedly coming winter spoils the mood of absolutely everyone who does not live in a hut. Gas wars and gas crises have long become the norm and no longer surprise anyone. Suddenly blocked gas pipelines and highways are the favorite chips of the current government. The irresistible rise in the cost of gas heating has a negative effect on the "fatness" of the wallet, threatening to bring the latter to a state of pronounced dystrophy. The cost of gas heating has increased so much that sometimes it’s easier to turn it off completely and sit in felt boots than to pay fabulous bills

Gas heating, from a basic necessity, gradually turned into a luxury item

Bah, even the newly-minted post-Soviet bourgeoisie have problems with gas heating. True, for a reason other than financial. Money, just like the bourgeoisie - in bulk. But gas can only be used if there are gas pipelines. And no one has been building them for a long time. There is no mass gasification - and that's it. So the gentlemen sit, sir, with their own money - and in unheated country houses. Such are the things.

There is only one way out - to find another source of thermal energy and say "good bye" to gas as fuel

Wood heating - as an option

A lot has been said about alternative energy carriers, and even more has been written. As an option - wood heating. Even prosperous and well-fed Europe does not disdain wood-burning heating. Why be ashamed of us orphans. Fortunately, scientific and technological progress and gentlemen, manufacturers have turned their clear eyes to this problem and “riveted” such an incredible number of modifications of wood-burning boilers that their eyes run wide. Yes, now only the lazy do not make wood-burning boilers. This is what confuses the inexperienced consumer. In this article, the author ventured to summarize his experience in working with wood-fired pyrolysis boilers and give some advice on their selection and selection. Some of the tips are presented in a comic form, which does not detract from their informational value.

Alternative Heating:

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(related news)

Years go by, science and technology are moving forward, and solid fuels are still in demand. Burning wood in a traditional stove or in a potbelly stove is not very efficient, but pyrolysis heating boilers have changed the situation - the units are distinguished by high efficiency and relatively simple operation.

Agree, these are quite significant arguments in the arrangement of autonomous heating. If you are looking for an efficient boiler for your home, then you should take a closer look at pyrolysis boilers.

We will tell you how long-burning units are arranged and work, what are their technical and operational features, and we will also give an overview of the most rated models of domestic and foreign manufacturers.

Firewood is perhaps the very first fuel in human history. Almost everyone knows how quickly they burn out in the open air, and that there is not much heat released. But the situation changes dramatically if other conditions for the combustion process are created.

The so-called pyrolysis combustion takes place in closed chambers. Firewood or other solid fuels of a similar type are loaded there: pellets, sawdust, wood production waste, etc.

The fuel is ignited and then the amount of air entering the chamber is reduced.

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Moreover, it will be necessary to load fuel into the device to the maximum, reducing the load leads to increased formation of ash and soot, and also negatively affects the operation of the unit as a whole.

Upper combustion boilers

One of the options for a pyrolysis device is an upper combustion boiler. The principle of operation of these two units is very similar.

In the same way, a large amount of low-moisture solid fuel is loaded into the furnace, air is forced in and the fuel is smoldered with a reduced amount of oxygen. The valve that regulates the flow of oxygen is installed in the desired position.

But long-burning boilers have neither an ash pan nor a grate. The bottom is a blank metal plate. Such boilers are designed so that the wood burns completely, and the small amount of ash remaining in the furnace is blown out with air.

Such devices are characterized by high efficiency and also operate at temperatures above 1000°C.

The main feature of such devices is that they really provide a long service life when fully loaded. The fuel chamber in such devices is usually made in the form of a cylinder.

Fuel is loaded into it from above, while from above, in the center, the air necessary for combustion is injected.

In upper combustion boilers, the air injection device is a movable element that falls down as the firewood burns out

Thus, a slow smoldering of the upper layer of fuel is carried out. The fuel gradually burns out, its level in the furnace decreases. At the same time, the position of the device for supplying air to the furnace also changes, this element in such models is movable and it practically lies on the top layer of firewood.

The second stage of combustion is carried out in the upper part of the furnace, which is separated from the lower compartment by a thick metal disk. Hot pyrolysis gases formed as a result of fuel combustion at the bottom expand and move upward.

Here they mix with air and burn, additionally transferring a substantial portion of thermal energy to the heat exchanger.

The beam holding the disk, which divides the combustion chamber into two parts, like this disk itself, is constantly under the influence of high temperature during the operation of the upper combustion boiler. Over time, these elements burn out, they will have to be replaced periodically.

A draft regulator is usually installed at the outlet of the second part of the fuel chamber. This is an automatic device that determines the temperature of the coolant and, depending on the data obtained, regulates the intensity of the movement of combustible gas. It protects the device from possible overheating.

It should be noted that the external heat exchanger in such boilers reacts to a change in the rate of circulation of the liquid in the heat exchanger, i.e. to temperature fluctuations. A layer of condensate immediately forms on the surface of the device, which causes corrosion, especially when it comes to steel boilers.

It is preferable to take a device made of cast iron, which resists such an effect much better.

Although the fuel in long-burning pyrolysis boilers should burn without residue, in practice this is not always the case. Sometimes the ash sinters, forming particles that are difficult to remove with a stream of air.

If a large amount of such residues accumulate in the furnace, a noticeable decrease in the heat output of the unit can be observed. Therefore, the upper combustion boiler should be periodically cleaned.

A feature of devices of this type is that, as the fuel burns, it can be loaded without waiting for the entire fuel load to burn out. This is convenient when you need to get rid of combustible household waste.

There are also varieties of top-burning boilers that operate not only on wood fuel, but also on coal. There are no complex automatic control units in pyrolysis boilers of this type, so serious breakdowns are extremely rare.

The design of the upper combustion boiler allows you to load the furnace only partially, if necessary. However, in this case, it may not be easy to ignite the top layer of fuel. The fuel itself must be dried, firewood from an open woodpile is not suitable for such a boiler.

Coarse fraction fuel should also not be used for this type of equipment, i.e. firewood will have to be chopped into small pieces.

Features of the operation of gas-generating boilers

The efficiency of the pyrolysis boiler largely depends on the type and quality of the fuel. Technically, not only wood can be loaded into the furnace, but also coal, and even peat, most modern models boilers are designed to use several types of fuel.

Wood burns in about 5-6 hours, depending on the type. The harder the wood, the longer it burns.

It will take about ten hours to burn black coal, and the same amount of brown coal will smolder for eight hours. In practice, pyrolysis technology demonstrates the highest heat transfer when loaded with dry wood. Firewood is considered optimal with a moisture content of no more than 20%, and a length of about 45-65 cm.

If access to such fuel is not available, coal or other organic fuels can be used: special and wood pellets, wood waste, peat, materials with cellulose, etc.

Before using the boiler, you should carefully study the recommendations of the manufacturer of the device regarding fuel.

In pyrolysis combustion boilers, the air flow is regulated by conventional mechanical valves. The absence of complex electronics provides high fault tolerance of the device

Too wet fuel in such devices is unacceptable. When it is burned in the furnace, additional water vapor is formed, which contributes to the formation of by-products such as tar and soot.

The walls of the boiler become dirty, the heat transfer decreases, over time the boiler may even stop working, die out.

If you use wood with too high humidity for the pyrolysis combustion boiler, conditions will arise inside the device for the formation of tar, which will impair the heat transfer of the device and may lead to breakdowns.

If dry fuel is placed in the furnace and the boiler is set up correctly, the pyrolysis gas obtained as a result of the operation of the device will produce a yellow-white flame. Such combustion is accompanied by a negligible release of by-products of combustion of the fuel.

If the color of the flame is colored differently, it makes sense to check the quality of the fuel, as well as the settings of the device.

Pyrolysis gases mixed with air burn with an even yellow-white flame. If the color of the flame has changed, it may be necessary to check the boiler settings or fuel quality.

Unlike conventional solid fuel devices, before loading firewood into solid fuel pyrolysis boilers, the firebox should be heated.

To do this, perform the following steps:

1. Fine dry kindling (paper, wood chips, etc.) is loaded onto the bottom of the furnace.
2. It is set on fire with a torch made of similar materials.
3. Close the combustion chamber door.
4. The loading chamber door is left slightly ajar.
5. Add portions of kindling as it burns.
6. The process is repeated until a layer of glowing coals is formed at the bottom.

By this time, the furnace is already warming up to about 500-800°C, creating conditions for loading the main fuel. Do not use gasoline, kerosene or any other similar liquid substances to light the kindling. Before warming up the furnace of a long-burning boiler, you should make sure that the device is ready for operation.

A characteristic feature of pyrolysis combustion boilers is a small amount of ash and ash, which facilitates the process of cleaning the device and its maintenance.

To do this, check the presence of traction, the tightness of the doors, the serviceability of the locking mechanisms and control equipment, the presence, etc.

Then you should turn on the thermostat to make sure that the device is receiving voltage. After that, the direct draft gate is opened and the boiler is ventilated for 5-10 minutes.

Overview of popular models

It should be understood that any pyrolysis boiler is a fairly heavy unit that is not designed to be hung on a wall. Such devices can be used for heating small house, and for spacious cottages. Like other heating units, they differ in power.

When choosing a pyrolysis combustion boiler, one should be guided by such indicators as the thermal power of the device, the dimensions of the loading chamber, the presence of a second circuit, etc.

Buyers are usually guided by this indicator.

Among the popular models of such equipment should be mentioned:

• Atmos(Ukraine) - are represented by devices that can work both on wood and on coal, the power varies from 14 to 75 kilowatts.
• Attack(Slovakia) - able to cope with the heating of areas up to 950 square meters. m, some models are able to continue working even during power outages.
• Bosch(Germany) - high-quality products of a well-known brand, power varies between 21-38 kilowatts.
• Buderus(Germany) represented by rulers Elektromet And Logano, the first is well known in Europe as a classic version of the pyrolysis boiler, the second is more modern versions designed for private homes.
• Gefest(Ukraine) - high-power devices with efficiency up to 95%.
• KT-2E(Russia) is specially designed for large residential premises, the power of the unit is 95 kilowatts.
• Opop(Czech Republic) - relatively inexpensive boilers, reliable and durable, power 25-45 kilowatts.
• Stropuva(made in Lithuania or Ukraine) with a power of seven kilowatts or more are quite suitable for a small house, but more powerful devices are also presented in the model range.
• Viessmann(Germany) - an ideal choice for private households, power starts from 12 kilowatts, application modern technologies saves fuel.
• "Buran"(Ukraine) with a capacity of up to 40 kilowatts is another popular option for owners of large cottages.
• "Logics"(Poland) high-power devices of 20 kilowatts easily heat rooms up to 2 thousand square meters. m, it is rather a boiler for industrial needs: heating workshops, offices, greenhouses, etc.

When choosing a pyrolysis boiler for a private house, you should pay attention to models with two circuits in order not only to heat the home, but also to provide it with autonomous hot water supply.

The heat exchanger for hot water can be accumulative or flow type. For the latter option, models of boilers with increased thermal power are used.

If you want to save money, you can try to make a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands. Its assembly technology is described in.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

This video clearly shows the principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler:

A detailed overview of the operation of the upper combustion boiler can be found here:

Pyrolysis boilers are not cheap, but they fully justify the funds invested in their purchase. With proper installation and maintenance, such devices will provide the house with stable and inexpensive heat.

Are you looking for a pyrolysis boiler for heating your home? Or do you have experience with these units? Please leave comments on the article and share your impressions about the use of pyrolysis boilers. Form feedback located in the bottom block.

What to do, if Vacation home- not gasified, and electric heating is not considered due to the high cost of electricity? If it is possible to regularly purchase or procure inexpensive solid fuel, then it is quite possible to organize an effective water heating and in such conditions. Nowadays, quite a lot of different heating devices are produced for this, and pyrolysis boilers of long burning with a water circuit stand out favorably in this variety.

These units are able to fully satisfy the heat needs of even a large house. At the same time, for their maintenance you will not have to make special efforts and spend a lot of fuel, which is used as wood in its various forms, coal or briquettes. Despite the fact that wood is the oldest type of fuel, its use remains relevant to this day, due to its affordability, environmental friendliness, and ease of use.

The history of the appearance of pyrolysis-type heating devices

Back in the days Ancient World it was noticed that using charcoal for heating a home or for cooking is more rational than ordinary firewood, since it does not burn intensively, but slowly smolders for a long time, effectively giving off heat. Therefore, the technology for its production by burning wood in chambers with minimal air access was invented. In fact, such a dry distillation of wood into coal is a classic illustrative example of the pyrolysis process.

Previously, holes dug in the ground were used for this - in them the process of turning ordinary firewood into charcoal took place. These chambers did an excellent job, but the production of coal also released a large amount of thermal energy, which did not bring any benefit. The gas released by wood during oxygen-free combustion has a powerful energy potential. By the way, this made the profession of a charcoal burner extremely dangerous, since the gases sometimes escaping from the pits led to the strongest thermal explosions.

Over time, a person learned to use the natural energy embedded in wood to the maximum. Furnaces were developed in which several processes were successfully combined - this is the pyrolysis transformation of wood into coal, followed by the combustion of the latter, and the afterburning of gases that are released during the primary thermal decomposition of the fuel. Moreover, all the thermal energy received from these processes is used almost without loss for human needs.

Initially, according to this design, they tried to make conventional furnaces. Over time, heaters using the principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases began to be equipped with a water circuit, due to which they began to be used in the most familiar water heating systems for us.

Due to their rational design and efficient use of the natural energy potential of wood, pyrolysis boilers fully cope with the task of a full-fledged high-power heating unit. Nowadays, not only firewood is used for their work - more efficient and compact modern types of wood-based fuels have also been created.

The design of the pyrolysis boiler

General principles of the device

For a clearer idea of ​​​​how this type of solid fuel boilers works, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with information about its fundamental structure. This will greatly facilitate the further operation of the equipment.

For example, consider the following diagram:

In the diagram, digital pointers indicate:

1 - The combustion chamber where firewood is laid.

2 - Secondary air supply channels, which will initiate the afterburning of the gases released during the thermal decomposition of the fuel.

3 - Grid-grate, which is cooled by the coolant circulating in the water circuit, thus becoming part of the boiler heat exchange system.

4 - Door for the production of fuel bookmarks of the boiler.

5 - Cleaning chamber door combustion chamber.

6 - A door for adjusting the supply of primary air required when igniting the fuel bookmark.

7 - Door for cleaning the upper chamber afterburning pyrolysis gases.

8 - Ash pan, for collecting and regularly removing solid combustion products.

9 - Branch pipe for connection to the chimney system.

10 - Branch pipe with socket or flange connection for connection to the "return" pipe of the heating circuit.

11 - Connection pipe to the heating circuit supply pipe.

12 - Thermal insulation layer.

13 - External casing of the heater.

14 - According to the arrow, as well as all areas shaded in blue - this is the water circuit ("shirt") of the solid fuel boiler.

15 - Cooling circuit, which is often connected to provide hot water through the boiler indirect heating.

The principle of operation is the following. After filling the fuel, the access of primary air for ignition is opened. At the first stage of work, the usual burning of firewood occurs, until a temperature of about 400 degrees in the combustion chamber is reached, which is necessary to start the pyrolysis process. After that, the access of primary air is reduced to a minimum, and in parallel with this, the secondary air supply channel is opened. The necessary combination of oxygen, condensation of pyrolysis gases and temperature for their full combustion leads to active afterburning with a large release of heat. This heat is taken away by the coolant circulating through the water "jacket", transferring it to the heat exchange devices of the entire heating system of the house.

Green arrows show the movement of gaseous combustion products from the fuel filling to the afterburner and then to the chimney system. The blue arrow is the flow of coolant from the "return", the red arrow is the movement of the hot coolant into the heating circuit supply pipe.

Design features of various pyrolysis boilers

So, long-burning pyrolysis devices, in contrast to the design of conventional solid fuel boilers, are equipped with two chambers that can be located in different ways. The first combustion chamber is designed for laying solid fuel. In it, with a minimum dosed access of oxygen, the process of its combustion (smoldering) and the release of gaseous combustion products, that is, pyrolysis gases, takes place. Then, the gases enter the second chamber of the device, where, due to the inflow of secondary air, they are afterburned. However, it should be noted that not all existing designs of boilers, called pyrolysis, fully correspond to their name.

To date, there are two main types of pyrolysis units, differing in design.

Boilers with forced air supply

In the first version of the boiler design, the primary combustion chamber, where solid fuel is placed, is located above the secondary furnace, where the afterburning of pyrolysis gases is organized. A special nozzle is installed between the chambers, which has a direct section and is made of a refractory composition similar to fireclay bricks.

In this design, air is pumped into the main furnace with the help of an installed fan, and partly enters the furnace with solid fuel, and partly into the afterburner of the released gases. In this case, it is obvious that the principle of pyrolysis is violated initially, since the fan creates an excess of oxygen instead of limiting it.

But, despite this, efficient and complete combustion of firewood occurs, with virtually no residue of even fine ash, since dry wood or products based on it burn to fine ash, and it is easily blown out through the nozzle by a fan into the chimney.

Knowing the features of this design, it can be called a "top blower device", since the air blown by the fan enters mainly into the upper main combustion chamber. Due to the influx of oxygen, the temperature during combustion increases and the production of gas increases, but it also burns out quickly enough, leaving through the nozzle. In this regard, firewood quickly burns out, and they have to be added quite often in the process of heating the house. This principle of operation of the boiler cannot be called pyrolysis in the full sense of the word, although such devices are sold quite often under this name.

Another thing is if the fan standing on the outlet pipe (often called a "smoke exhauster") creates air movement, which is proportionally divided into primary and main - secondary in the usual mechanical way or using automation. At the same time, the primary air damper is located so that it is supplied precisely to the lower part of the fuel bookmark. Smoldering firewood occurs from below, and the temperature released at the same time contributes to heating - in the middle layers of the bookmark, and final drying - in the upper ones.

The main air flow will be supplied only to the nozzle area, so that the final afterburning of pyrolysis gases with the maximum amount of heat generated takes place in the lower chamber. Here is a boiler with good reason can be attributed to the pyrolysis of long burning.

Boiler with natural air supply

In a similar design of the boiler, the combustion chamber for laying firewood is located in the lower part of the device, and the combustion section of the pyrolysis gases emitted by the fuel is located in the upper area of ​​​​the body.

The fan is not installed in this design, and the air for kindling the boiler and afterburning the pyrolysis gases comes in a natural way through the dampers for primary and secondary air. In this variant of the location of the chambers and the dosed supply of air flows, the pyrolysis process is carried out properly, since instead of intensive combustion, with the primary air supply damper closed, wood smolders in the combustion chamber with the release of a large amount of pyrolysis gases.

1 - fuel bookmark.

2 - fuel smoldering zone with release of pyrolysis gases.

3 - damper for supplying primary air to ensure ignition and smoldering of the fuel bookmark.

4 - secondary air supply channel for the formation of a gas-air mixture and its ignition.

5 - nozzles for supplying secondary air to the rear region of the combustion chamber.

6 - the zone of mixing of the released pyrolysis gases with the air flow and their ignition.

7 - damper of the channel for additional air supply to the pyrolysis gases afterburning chamber.

8 - chamber for intensive afterburning of the gas-air mixture with maximum heat release.

9 - pipe connecting the boiler to the chimney system.

However, this design also has its own problem. And it consists in the fact that the correct debugging of the combustion process is extremely important. When the shutter of the main chamber is completely closed, the temperature in it decreases, as well as the formation of gases. The concentration and temperature of gases becomes insufficient for their complete afterburning and the upper chamber turns into a conventional gas outlet. The combustion products that have risen into it do not burn out, but simply give off heat to the walls of the water circuit and go into the chimney. The efficiency of the boiler during such work is sharply reduced.

If the damper is opened more than required to create the conditions necessary for pyrolysis, then the intensity of combustion in the main furnace will increase, which leads to completely unsustainable fuel consumption and the need for frequent fillings.

To achieve the ideal operation of a pyrolysis boiler of this design, it is necessary to correctly adjust the supply of primary and secondary air, which is quite difficult to do, since this requires practical experience. Modern models have automated process control and management systems, and with correct operation of automatic fuel filling, it lasts for 12–14 hours of operation with maximum heat transfer.

Fuel for pyrolysis boilers

Many pyrolysis boilers are able to work by no means only on wood. Peat or chip briquettes, sawdust, pellets, black or brown coal can be used as solid fuel.

Each type of fuel has a different burning time, and depending on how often it is planned to put it in the furnace to fully heat the house, one or another material is selected. In addition, the duration of combustion also depends on the amount of fuel placed in the chamber. So, the smoldering time of soft wood is about 7 hours, hard wood and pressed sawdust or peat - 9 ÷ 10 hours, brown coal 10 ÷ 11, and black 12 ÷ 14 hours. True, we must not forget that different kinds fuels also differ in their energy potential.

Manufacturers of solid fuel pyrolysis boilers still call dry wood with a moisture content of not more than 20%, the logs of which have a length of 450 ÷ 650 mm, depending on the depth of the combustion chamber, the best fuel option. It is natural firewood, especially dense hardwood, provide the proper power of the device and maximum durability of the equipment.

Raw firewood is not recommended because during the combustion process they emit a large amount of evaporating moisture, which leads to the formation of soot and tar deposits in the boiler chambers and the chimney. Such phenomena sharply reduce the efficiency of heat exchange with water circulating along the circuit, and with significant growths on the walls of the chimney, the boiler will constantly fade due to insufficiently intense draft.

You might be interested in how it works

Prices for black coal for heating

black coal for heating

Criteria for choosing a long-burning pyrolysis boiler

When deciding to purchase this type of heater for heating a house, it is necessary to pay attention to some factors on which the efficiency of the boiler will depend:

• The first thing you need to pay attention to is the type of solid fuel allowed for use. Of course, this factor will depend on the availability of a particular type of fuel in local conditions and the profitability of its use.
• Heating boiler power. This parameter depends on a number of input data, ranging from climatic conditions region of residence and ending with the features of the building. In the appendix to this article, the reader will find a convenient algorithm for self-calculation of the minimum required power for heating your home.
• The efficiency of the boiler is estimated by its efficiency. The higher the efficiency, the greater the heat transfer will be obtained with equal consumption of the same fuel.
• The most important parameters in this case are the dimensions and weight of the boiler. As a rule, such products are quite bulky, that is, it is necessary to estimate in advance the place of their planned installation and correlate it with the dimensions of the proposed models. It will also be useful to evaluate the path along which the tunic will be brought into the room. And a considerable mass (this applies especially to cast-iron models) sometimes forces you to take steps to strengthen the base of the floor for the installation of the unit.

In addition, quite often solid fuel boilers are used in conjunction with indirect heating boilers, and maximum efficiency and convenience can be achieved by installing a buffer tank (heat accumulator). Both of these devices are also very bulky and heavy, so the layout of the boiler room should be thought out in advance.

What does the installation of a buffer tank for a solid fuel boiler give?

The operation of any solid fuel boiler is characterized by cyclicity - alternating periods of loading, ignition, maximum heat transfer and cooling. All this is not very convenient for the operation of a water heating system. The installation allows to level this disadvantage as much as possible and increase the convenience and efficiency of operation, which is described in detail in a separate publication of our portal.

• The frequency of loading and ease of maintenance of the boiler. It is recommended to give preference to models with a volumetric fuel chamber and a tray for collecting solid combustion products. In these cases, it will be possible to lay fuel once or twice a day, and when using dry firewood as fuel, cleaning the pallet once every two to three months.
• Heater material. Cast iron is considered the most durable material for this equipment. The service life, subject to all rules, is at least 30 years. However, if it is planned to use coal as a fuel, then cast iron is undesirable (this alloy does not like excessive thermal loads), and it is better to purchase an alloy steel boiler.

By the way, the durability of a quality device is often limited not by its failure, but simply by “obsolescence”, when the owners come to the conclusion that it is time to purchase something more modern.

• degree of automation. Of course, the more the boiler is saturated with automation that controls the formation of pyrolysis gases and their full afterburning, the higher the efficiency and economy of heating, the easier everyday operation.

But solid fuel boilers themselves are quite expensive products, and the higher the degree of automation, the greater the cost of the model. So, probably, it is necessary to be able to choose a certain "golden mean". In addition, we must not forget about the dependence of automated boilers on the availability and stability of the power supply. If there are frequent problems with this in the area of ​​​​residence, then quite serious expenses for the purchase of a backup source and (or) stabilizer are inevitable.

• Finally, it is necessary to evaluate the model in terms of ensuring the safety of its operation. It will be completely unacceptable, for example, if the lack of thermal insulation of the outer casing of the boiler leads to a high probability of burns if accidentally touched.

The main advantages and disadvantages of solid fuel pyrolysis boilers

In addition to the criteria for choosing such a device for heating a house, you need to know the main "pluses" and "minuses" of pyrolysis boilers.

To their virtues can be attributed:

• In the absence of gas supply, this type of heat generator is the best option for heating the house for simplicity and efficiency in operation.
• By itself, wood is an environmentally friendly fuel that does not pose a danger during transportation and storage. With high-quality afterburning, the emission of substances harmful to the environment into the atmosphere is minimized.
• Such boilers, unlike other solid fuel boilers, do not require frequent loads. As mentioned above, this process is carried out once or twice a day, depending on the specific model, additional boiler room equipment, outdoor temperature and the need for heating intensity.
• Such boilers are characterized by rapid heating of the coolant, and hence the premises of the whole house.
• Purification of solid combustion products will also not be a big inconvenience: their number is minimal.

disadvantages boilers of this type can be considered as follows:

• High price for appliances. It exceeds the cost of conventional solid fuel boilers by 1.5÷2 times.
• Pyrolysis models of boilers can have only one circuit - heating. Therefore, if you plan to simultaneously equip the house with a hot water supply system, you will have to choose another version of the device or install an indirect heating boiler in combination with a pyrolysis boiler. Some models have nozzles specially provided for this purpose.
• High demand for fuel. Pyrolysis boilers do not work well on wet wood.
• Units of this type cannot operate fully in automatic mode, so you will have to manually load the fuel and monitor its amount in the fuel chamber. There are exceptions - pellet boilers with automated feed, but they are still better attributed to a different category of equipment.
• Boilers of this type are not compact.

Overview of models of solid fuel pyrolysis boilers

In specialized outlets, as well as in online stores, you can find a considerable number of models of various heating devices, including pyrolysis boilers with a water circuit. They are represented by domestic and foreign manufacturers and have a fairly wide range of prices and characteristics.

Pyrolysis boilers of domestic production

Among the most demanded by consumers solid fuel units for heating a private house can be attributed to the products of such domestic manufacturers as the company LLC KZKO Geyser and TeploGarant of the Bourgeois-K series.

Boilers of the company LLC KZKO "Geyser"

The Geyser plant is one of the leading manufacturers of heating devices of various types and designs in Russia. The offered range also includes solid fuel pyrolysis models Geyser. The equipment is manufactured according to innovative technologies from the highest quality materials.

Pyrolysis boilers are non-volatile, easy to maintain and reliable in operation, capable of heating large areas at minimal cost. In addition, heating devices have increased functionality and efficiency, since fuel consumption is significantly reduced due to its complete combustion and heat transfer to the coolant.

Pyrolysis solid fuel floor-standing boilers with a water circuit "Geyser" of the VP series have the following technical characteristics:

• Boiler power - 10,15,20,30,50, 65,100 kW.
• The type of fuel used is peat and sawdust briquettes, coal and firewood.
• Efficiency - about 85%.
• Manufacturer's product warranty is 2 years

The proposed range of pyrolysis single-circuit boilers of the Geyser VP series includes models with the following characteristics, approximate cost (as of autumn 2016):

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm		Device weight, kg	Approximate price level
"Geyser" VP-6	10	130	390×1050×700	170	46 500 rub.
Geyser VP-15	15	150	390×1200×700	210	60 000 rub.
Geyser VP-20	20	150	490×1200×850	240	70 000 rub.
Geyser VP-30	30	180	600×1350×930	340	89 000 rub.
Geyser VP-50	50	200	660×1600×1050	650	RUB 145,000
Geyser VP-65	65	250	660×1930×1050	750	RUB 155,000
Geyser VP-100	100	250	800×1930×1200	900	230 000 rub.

The Geyser boiler is an all-welded steel structure with multiple combustion chambers. The lower one is intended for laying fuel and gas formation, and the afterburning of gases takes place in the upper one.

With a low intensity of combustion, that is, smoldering, the boiler has a higher thermal performance than conventional combustion furnaces. During the operation of these boilers, a minimum amount of harmful emissions and solid waste is generated. The recommended diameter of the logs used for the furnace is 40÷100 mm, and the length is selected in accordance with the depth of the combustion chamber.

Prices for boilers of the Geyser line

Sauna stove TMF Geyser

If coal is used for building heating, it is recommended to choose a fraction of no more than 40 mm. Fuel is added to the furnace in portions, every 8÷12 hours - this frequency will depend on the quality and type of fuel used.

The expected minimum service life set by the manufacturer is 10 years.

Pyrolysis solid fuel boilers of the plant "TeploGarant" series Bourgeois-K

The TeploGarant plant is no less famous brand on the Russian market than the previous manufacturer, and its products have gained wide popularity among consumers.

It is interesting that TeploGarant is the only manufacturer on the world market that mass-produces heating devices with a power of more than 140 kW. The boilers of this company have their own name - "Bourgeois-K", and are intended for widespread use both in private homes and in the industrial sector. Consider several models of this brand.

"Bourgeois-K Exclusive"

A series of heating units with decorative exterior finish, which the consumer can select and order individually.

Therefore, if it is necessary to install a boiler in one of the premises of the house, without violating the overall design harmony, then with the Bourgeois-K Exclusive series this becomes quite possible. Heating pyrolysis devices of this manufacturer are also energy-independent, easy to operate, quickly heat up the house, and also save money on the use of expensive fuel.

Pyrolysis floor-standing boilers of long burning of the Bourgeois-K Exclusive series have the following technical specifications:

• The power of the devices is 12.24 and 32 kW.
• The type of fuel used for heating is coal, firewood, sawdust and peat briquettes.
• The efficiency of these models reaches 82÷92%.
• Manufacturer's warranty - 2.5 years.

Pyrolysis single-circuit boilers of the Bourgeois-K Exclusive series are represented by the following series of models, with the characteristics shown below. But the price in this case can fluctuate significantly, as it depends on the chosen exterior finish.

This model of pyrolysis boilers is designed for use in residential and commercial premises. The water circuit can be with natural and forced circulation, that is, with the installation of a circulation pump in the circuit. The device is equipped with a draft regulator, which will provide automatic control over the intensity of combustion, and this factor adds to the comfort in the operation of the boiler.

The boiler itself is a welded structure made of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel, divided into several chambers. The combustion chamber is located in the lower part of the body, and the afterburner is located in the upper part. For higher heat retention and transfer, the inner walls of the device have a fire-resistant lining. In addition, between outer wall and a layer of heat-insulating material is located in the water circuit - in this case, basalt wool is used for this. External decorative sheathing is made of natural stone.

The pyrolysis process in this model of the boiler is carried out in the same way as in other models of devices of this type. Thanks to afterburning, high-quality wall insulation and lining, the required thermal output of the boiler is provided at a fairly low fuel consumption.

In the heating circuit, ordinary tap water can be used with an acidity index not exceeding a value of 7.2 pH, or special. However, when using the latter, the power of the heating boiler will decrease significantly. However, this is generally true for all types of boilers.

What is used as a heat carrier in heating systems?

In terms of its heat capacity and absolute availability, water has no equal. However, there are situations when the use of water becomes impossible, and you have to resort to others. More about this in a separate publication of our portal.

The boiler is supplied with a capillary-type thermomanometer, designed to indicate the pressure of the coolant at the exit from the boiler into the circuit, as well as its temperature.

Control over the set temperature of the heat carrier at the exit from the boiler into the circuit is carried out by an automatic draft regulator. If the temperature drops, the adjustment door, under the influence of a special chain, will begin to open.

The removal of residues of combustion products occurs in this design using natural draft. Boilers "Bourgeois-K Exclusive" are non-volatile and easy to use, and if desired, this design can be supplemented with a thermal protection circuit and hot water supply.

The minimum service life set by the manufacturer is 10 years.

"Bourgeois-K Standard"

"Bourgeois-K Standard" has almost all the characteristics listed above, with the exception of dimensional parameters and some differences in power gradation.

These models do not have an exclusive external lining. In this version, a coating of heat-resistant paint is used, applied to a metal case that is thermally insulated from the inside by spraying. In addition, the adjustment in these models is done manually.

The parameters of the boilers of this line are shown in the table below.

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm	Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	Device weight, kg	Approximate price level
"Bourgeois-K Standard-10"	10	130	380×780×650	180	36 800 rub.
"Bourgeois-K Standard-20"	20	150	480×950×750	270	52 300 rub.
"Bourgeois-K Standard-30"	30	180	530×1120×840	380	66 000 rub.

The location of the chambers also does not differ from the models of the Bourgeois-K Exclusive line, the process of pyrolysis and afterburning of gases is carried out according to the same principle.

Prices for boilers of the Bourgeois-K Standard line

Bourgeois-K Standard

The efficiency of this series of models is 82÷89%, the possible power control range is 30÷110%. The duration of work from one bookmark of fuel is about 12 hours for firewood, and up to 15 hours when using high-quality coal.

"Bourgeois-K TA"

The pyrolysis heating unit "Bourgeois-K TA" differs from its "predecessor" in that the regulation of air flows and draft is carried out automatically in it. The boiler is equipped with a water heating circuit, the coolant through which can circulate naturally, under the influence of temperature differences, or forcibly, using a circulation pump installed in the system.

This boiler model has all the positive features mentioned above and works on the same principle. The main one is also the lower combustion chamber, and afterburning is carried out in the upper area of ​​the boiler body.

The table presents some characteristics and an approximate price level of Bourgeois-K TA boiler models of various capacities:

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm	Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	Device weight, kg	average price
"Bourgeois-K T-50A"	50	200	690×1580×1210	580	RUB 145,000
"Bourgeois-K T-75A"	75	250	820×1670×1120	900	200 000 rub.
"Bourgeois-K T-100A"	100	250	780×1890×1420	900	225 000 rub.
"Bourgeois-K T-150A"	150	300	940×2000×1820	1350	RUB 330,000

The efficiency of these pyrolysis boilers is 82÷92%. They are energy-independent and economical in fuel consumption, easy to maintain, operate and manage. The devices are quite reliable, safe and durable, but for all models of this line of units it is already necessary to equip a separate boiler room.

"Bourgeois-K Modern"

"Bourgeois-K Modern" is produced in three versions of models, different in power. they all work on the pyrolysis principle. Can work in systems with forced and natural circulation of the coolant

The location of the chambers in these models does not differ from the boiler designs presented above. For normal operation it is recommended to use dry wood, but if necessary, the device can work on more damp wood, with a moisture content of up to 50%.

The efficiency of Bourgeois-K Modern boilers is 82÷92% with economical fuel consumption.

In terms of layout and degree of equipment, the unit is similar to the devices of the Bourgeois-K TA line, but they differ in a lower level of thermal power, they are read out on a building of a smaller area, and they may well be installed not in a dedicated boiler room, but in a separate room of a residential area.

The minimum service life of the heater, set by the manufacturer, is also 10 years.

The main technical characteristics of the model range "Bourgeois-K Modern" are shown in the table:

Name of parameters	"Bourgeois-K Modern-12"	"Bourgeois-K Modern-24"	"Bourgeois-K Modern-32"
power, kWt	12	24	32
Chimney diameter, mm	130	150	180
Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	500×1180×800	500×1180×800	600×1270×860
Device weight, kg	220	310	430
Heated area, m²	120	250	330
Required chimney draft, Pa	18	20	22
Max. coolant temperature	95	95	95
The volume of the combustion chamber, l	55	61	189
Heat exchanger material	steel	steel	steel
Contents of delivery	With draft thermostat and thermomanometer
Log length, mm	550	600	660
Duration of firewood burning, hour.	5-12	5-12	5-12
Average price level	63 000 rub.	75 000 rub.	94 000 rub.

Video: presentation of solid fuel boilers of long burning series "Bourgeois-K"

Boilers of foreign manufacturers

In addition to domestic solid fuel boilers for home heating, products of foreign, mainly European manufacturers are on sale. The high quality of the models and the well-deserved reputation of the companies make it mandatory short review some of them.

Pyrolysis boilers of the Buderus company of the Logano S171 W series

The German company "Buderus", specializes in the production of heating equipment and produces boilers various types, including solid fuel, operating on the principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases.

The Buderus Logano S171 W range includes four models of heating appliances of various capacities, designed specifically for installation in private homes. The peculiarity of these boilers is that they can work not only autonomously, but also in combination with units running on diesel fuel, gas or electricity.

Pyrolysis boiler "Buderus Logano S171 W 50"

However, it should be noted right away that for all devices of the Logano S171 W model range, a separate boiler room, carefully prepared in accordance with the current rules, is required, since for safety reasons they are forbidden to be installed in residential areas of the house.

The design of these models has built-in control of an indirect heating boiler, provided in case it becomes necessary to simultaneously equip the house with hot water.

Heating devices "Buderus Logano" are equipped with modern automation, which allows you to effectively manage the entire heating system.

Prices for boilers of the Buderus Logano line

Pyrolysis Buderus Logano

The boiler body is covered with a special insulating material, which significantly reduces heat loss, and also acts as a sound absorber, providing the unit with almost silent operation.

In the design of the Logano S171 W boilers, the main combustion chamber is located in the upper part of the body, and the afterburner is in the lower part, the latter being insulated with fireclay lining. This arrangement of the chambers is convenient in that pyrolysis begins to occur without igniting the entire fuel load.

Some characteristics and the average price level are in the table:

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm	Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	Device weight, kg	Approximate price level
"Logano S171-22W"	20	150	620×1136×1019	362	RUB 185,000
"Logano S171-30W"	30	150	620×1136×1019	362	RUB 215,000
Logano S171-40W	40	150	699×1257×1083	466	RUB 230,000
"Logano S171-50W"	50	180	699×1257×1083	466	RUB 245,000

A few more design and operational features:

• The efficiency of boilers of this line reaches 90%, which is an excellent indicator for any solid fuel units.
• The thickness of the steel from which the body of the device is made is from 3 to 5 mm.
• A large volume of the loading chamber, which means a long burning time of the fuel.
• The boiler, in accordance with the design, is equipped with a fan for the forced removal of smoke.
• The built-in heat exchanger will keep the device from overheating.
• Unit control automation modern type– a clear interface, LCD display, advanced options for connecting additional modules.
• It is possible to connect hot water when installing an indirect heating boiler with coordinated control of the latter.
• Full thermal insulation of the device ensures maximum safety of operation and minimum heat leakage.

You might be interested in information on how to choose

Viessmann pyrolysis boilers of the Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A series

Another well-known German company that presents its products on the Russian market is Viessmann. A series of boilers "Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A" also works on the principle of pyrolysis, and has all the advantages inherent in high-quality devices of this class.

In addition to the use of firewood, briquettes or coal, this unit provides for the connection of replaceable burners operating on gas or liquid fuel.

Heating pyrolysis boilers of the Vitoligno 100-S series have the following characteristics and price parameters:

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm	Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	Device weight, kg	Approximate price level
"Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A, 25"	25	150	526×1063×1005	461	RUB 160,000
"Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A, 30"	30	150	586×1263×1005	551	RUB 215,000
"Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A, 40"	40	150	586×1363×1089	629	RUB 265,000
"Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A, 60"	60	200	655×1757×1134	822	340 000 rub.
"Vitoligno 100-S type VL1A, 80"	80	200	749×1757×1134	864	RUB 455,000

In addition, it is necessary to mention the features and equipment of the boiler that are not included in the table:

• The depth of the main fuel chamber located in the upper part of the boiler body is 500 mm.
• Since the fuel chamber is located in the upper part of the furnace body, the design is equipped with a forced fan - "smoke exhauster".
• The thickness of the steel used to make the case is 5mm.
• The design is equipped with an electronic controller that identifies the operating modes.
• A protective heat exchanger is installed in the boiler, which protects it from overheating.
• The efficiency of this boiler is 87%
• Easy adjustment of the combustion intensity with the primary and secondary air dampers - they can be adjusted manually.
• The nozzle installed between the fuel chamber and the pyrolysis combustion chamber is made of refractory fireclay.

You might be interested in knowing what is

Pyrolysis boilers from Wattek, PYROTEK series

Another European manufacturer is the Czech company Wattek, which is well known in Russia for the quality of its products, and therefore quite popular among owners of one-two-story mansions in the private sector.

Modern solid fuel boilers operating on the principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases are represented by the PYROTEK model line.

You may be interested in information about what they are

Table of the lineup of Wattek products of the PYROTEK series with some technical characteristics and price levels:

Model name	power, kWt	Chimney diameter, mm	Dimensions (width, height, depth), mm	Device weight, kg	Approximate price level.
PYROTEK-26	26	152	530×1145×915	318	RUB 165,000
PYROTEK-30	30	152	530×1145×915	322	RUB 175,000
PYROTEK-36	36	152	530×1145×1115	372	RUB 195,000
PYROTEK-42	42	152	530×1145×1115	376	200 000 rub.

In addition, the devices of this line are characterized by the following features:

• The efficiency of the boilers of this series is 90%.
• The ability to maintain combustion from one bookmark of fuel for 10 ÷ 12 hours.
• It is possible to connect an indirect heating boiler with general control to the boiler - for the arrangement of hot water supply.
• PYROTEK heating appliances are equipped with copper heat exchanger protected from overheating.
• Full automation of the boiler operation process, as it has a modern control panel that provides maximum simplicity and convenience in operation.
• PYROTEK boilers are volatile, that is, they require their connection to a stable power supply.
• The body of the unit has high-quality thermal insulation made of basalt wool, located between the outer wall and the water circuit.

At the end of the topic of long-burning pyrolysis heaters, it must be said that if a decision is made to install this boiler, then the purchase should be carefully thought out, since the prices for such equipment, as you can see, are very impressive. When choosing a specific model, it is necessary to carefully study its passport characteristics, check the product package.

You might be interested in information on how to equip

By the way, you can think about individual order for the manufacture of a similar boiler of the required power. There are always a lot of craftsmen in our area who can make a boiler that will be no worse than the factory model in operation. To prove this thesis, watch the following video:

Video: long-burning pyrolysis boilers - individual production

APPLICATION

How to determine the required boiler power?

One of the key parameters when choosing any boiler equipment is its power. By the way, other characteristics of the boiler largely depend on it, including dimensions, weight, the possibility of installation in a residential area or the need for a mandatory separate boiler room. This means that it is necessary to find the value that would be guaranteed to provide efficient heating all the premises of the house, but without unnecessary excesses of power, leading to an increase in size and a sharp rise in the cost of the model.

In addition, the operation of the boiler at reduced power (and this happens during most of the heating season), the efficiency of the device decreases sharply and, therefore, the efficiency of fuel consumption. And the higher the difference between optimal value power and its passport value, the more sensitive, and - at times, there will be completely unnecessary losses.

When determining power, they are often guided by the ratio of 1 kW of thermal energy per 10 m² of floor space. The approach, frankly, is very approximate, since it does not take into account many important factors related to both the specifics of the region and the features of the building.

As an option, we offer our own calculation algorithm. It is based on the fact that for each room of the house an individual calculation of the required thermal power is carried out to maintain an optimal microclimate in it. Then it remains to sum the obtained values ​​\u200b\u200band get general meaning, which will become a guide when choosing a boiler.

If it is necessary to make specially designed for this purpose can help.

Before proceeding with the calculation, please familiarize yourself with the interface of the calculator below. For convenience, you can make a table, in the lines of which you enter in turn all the premises of your house where heat exchange devices will be installed, and in the columns - the necessary data characterizing this room.

Please note that the heat loss of each room is affected by its location relative to the cardinal points and the prevailing winter winds. If the user is not clear with these data, he can leave them by default, and the program will calculate the power as for the most unfavorable conditions.

The minimum temperatures requested in the corresponding input field should not be extreme - you must specify the level that is normal for the region of residence (for the coldest decade at home). But at the same time, they do not remember some monstrous frosts, for example, five years ago, which were remembered only because of their obvious abnormality.

Further data entry fields, probably, will not cause questions.

The resulting value already takes into account the operating margin, and after summing up the total power, no corrections are required. When choosing, pay attention to models whose power is higher than the obtained value, but is closest to it. This will become optimal solution. you can find out from the link.

In popularity they are second only to gas. At the same time, they have one serious drawback - fuel loading must be carried out several times a day. With the usual combustion of firewood, the efficiency of boilers does not exceed 75%, and part of the combustible substances simply flies into the chimney. Pyrolysis is much more practical and efficient.

Long-burning boilers took their name from the process that takes place in them - pyrolysis. The combustion of firewood occurs in several stages: first, the wood heats up and begins to char, while moisture, carbon oxides, nitrogen, hydrogen are released from its fibers - smoke consists of them. Most of these substances, when exposed to oxygen, burn with a bright flame. Its temperature is much higher than on the surface of the logs.

With a limited supply of oxygen, the firewood barely smolders, and the gases escape without combustion, this process is accompanied by a strong release of smoke, which contains a large amount of soot, carbon monoxide, compounds of sulfur, nitrogen and hydrogen. For this feature they are called gas generators.

In pyrolysis units, unlike conventional furnaces, the combustion process is divided into two stages: in one zone of the boiler, the wood is heated to decomposition, in the other, pyrolysis gases are burned when air is blown by a fan. Separation of processes makes it possible to achieve more complete combustion of fuel and its components, as a result, less ash is formed, and the smoke at the outlet has a temperature of less than 150 degrees and practically does not contain harmful substances polluting the atmosphere.

Smoldering firewood is a long process, so the combustion time of fuel in gas generators is from 12 to 24 hours. For comparison, conventional solid fuel models can operate without reloading a maximum of 6 hours. This is due to the convenience of servicing long-burning boilers: they can be approached once a day.

Video: features and principle of operation of the gas generator

Design

The pyrolysis boiler consists of a fuel chamber divided into zones. In one of them, called the gas generator, the fuel is decomposed into ash and pyrolysis gases, in the other - the afterburning zone - these gases are burned.

Boilers are available in two types:
• with top loading, or mine;
• bottom loading.

Upper combustion mine boilers
They differ in that the combustion process in them spreads from top to bottom. In the fuel chamber, the combustion zones are separated by a grate. Firewood or other fuel is loaded onto it. After the boiler is ignited, pyrolysis occurs in the upper part of the furnace, and the flue gases descend into the lower afterburner chamber. Along the way, they heat the firewood below.

To overcome aerodynamic resistance and stabilize draft, the chamber is equipped with a blast fan mounted on top of the boiler - this process is called "top blast". Some models are equipped with another fan that blows air directly into the afterburner, which increases the efficiency of the boiler. Smoke and steam after afterburning through the flue pipe are discharged into the chimney.

Boilers with bottom combustion
In this type of heating units, the gas generating chamber is located below, and the pyrolysis gases rise up under the influence of traction. For sustainable combustion, such boilers require a height of at least 5 meters.

The use of a fan for boilers with bottom loading is not necessary, because air is supplied through the damper. The efficiency of lower combustion boilers is lower than that of mines, but they do not depend on the availability of electricity.

Heat exchanger and connection of the boiler to the heating system

Next to the firebox there is a heat exchanger through which the heat carrier of the heating system circulates. The design of the heat exchanger depends on the model of the unit. Fittings are provided for supplying and discharging water into the system. The inlet fitting, through which water cooled in the heating system enters the boiler, is located at the bottom of the heat exchanger. The outlet fitting is at the top. Water, better distilled, or antifreeze can be used as a coolant.

Long burning gas generators can operate in systems with natural or forced circulation. When choosing a boiler, it is necessary to coordinate the volumes of the heat exchanger and the heat carrier necessary to fill the heating system. The system is equipped with an expansion tank, and for forced circulation - with a pump, which is installed immediately before entering the boiler.

To stabilize the temperature in the heating system, it is also recommended to install a heat accumulator - a storage tank, which will be an intermediate link between the boiler and heating appliances. At the same time, during breaks in the boiler furnace, the system will not cool down by more than 10-15 degrees.
The water at the inlet to the heat exchanger must have a temperature specified by the manufacturer, usually 60 degrees Celsius. To maintain this temperature, the systems are equipped with a mixing pipe hot water. In systems with forced circulation, in the event of a sudden power outage, a bypass must also be provided to bypass the circulation pump.

A number of models of pyrolysis gas generators, in addition to heating, can also be connected to DHW circuit, such boilers are called double-circuit. It is convenient if the unit is allowed to operate with the heating system turned off, only for heating water, which will allow it to be used in the summer. Typically, such models are equipped with additional heating elements built into the heat exchanger.

How to heat an apartment or house with underfloor heating, read
And if you are interested in non-standard methods of heating a house, then we advise you to get acquainted with the principles of operation of heat pumps: https://website/obogrevateli/teplovye-nasosy-princip-dejstviya.html

Housing material

Solid fuel boilers for long burning usually have a steel body with a thickness of 3 to 8 mm.

But some manufacturers offer cast iron boilers, which have several advantages:
• cast iron has an increased corrosion resistance compared to steel; low-temperature corrosion is not terrible for cast-iron boilers;
• cast-iron boilers with a forged heat exchanger do not have welds, in which the destruction of steel most often begins;
• thicker walls of cast iron units are not subject to burnout and deformation;
• thanks to their greater thickness, they do not cool down longer, which makes it possible to maintain the temperature in the system during a break for cleaning the boiler.

Cast iron models also have disadvantages:
• they are much heavier, 2-2.5 times;
• the price is higher than that of steel, by about 50-70%.

Fuel Requirements

Most modern models of pyrolysis boilers are equipped with automatic control of the combustion mode. The duration of burning depends on the type of fuel. As a rule, when burning with dry firewood, the gas generator can operate on one load for up to 12 hours, and on coal for about a day. The use of sawdust, shavings, woodworking waste somewhat reduces the burning time without reloading.

Firewood must be dry, with a moisture content of no more than 16%. When using pellets or briquettes, such humidity is guaranteed by the manufacturer; firewood must be dried in the shade for at least a year.

Advantages and disadvantages

Compared with other solid fuel heating units, pyrolysis boilers have a number of advantages:
• complete combustion of fuel, and, as a result, saving firewood, reducing the amount of ash and soot;
• fire safety - the fuel chamber is sealed, and the chimney does not heat up to dangerous temperatures;
• long work on one load - there is no need to constantly monitor the level of firewood and put it on;
• automatic regulation of the combustion mode due to fans that form draft and supply air;
• the use of firewood of large diameter and length.

However, they are not without shortcomings, most of which are solved correct installation and operation:
• pyrolysis boilers have a rather high price compared to conventional solid fuel boilers;
• due to the need for fans to operate, they are volatile, and in places with frequent power outages, it is necessary to provide additional source power supply, for example, a generator;
• dry firewood is necessary for efficient operation, otherwise there will be too much water vapor in the pyrolysis gases, which will lead to their incomplete combustion, reduced efficiency and even the boiler extinguishing;
• the boiler must be loaded to the rated power, otherwise the temperature of the smoke will decrease, condensation will begin to form on the walls of the combustion chamber and chimney, which will lead to their contamination with soot and corrosion;
• required correct device connected heating system - at the inlet to the boiler jacket, the temperature of the coolant should not be lower than 60 degrees Celsius in order to avoid condensation and low-temperature corrosion.

Overview of models and prices

It is sometimes difficult for a buyer to understand the huge range of heating units, so it makes sense to consider the most popular models of gas-generating boilers.

Buleryan oven with water circuit

Buleryan furnaces have long won the trust and popularity of the buyer due to their compact size and high efficiency. Buleryan according to the type of fuel combustion is a gas-generating furnace. Its barrel-shaped fuel chamber is divided horizontally into two parts: pyrolysis occurs in the lower part, and afterburning of gases occurs in the upper one. The air flow is controlled by a damper on the door.

Video: Buleryan oven operation

The traditional design of the buleryan involves heating one or more rooms with the help of air heated from the walls of the furnace and delivered to different rooms through air ducts. However, in last years buleryan-aqua furnaces equipped with a water circuit appeared. It occupies about 70% of the body surface and effectively removes heat from the chamber walls to the heating system.

Advantages of the Buleryan furnace with a water circuit:

• high heating rate of the heating system;
• uniform heat transfer, sudden changes in water temperature and boiling are excluded, buleryan can be used in systems with natural circulation;
• the furnace itself is compact and easy to install;
• the price of buleryan is lower than that of pyrolysis boilers;
• A wide range of models of different power allows you to choose a heater for any room.

The operation of the furnace implies the fulfillment of certain requirements:

• firewood must be dry, the use of pellets and briquettes is allowed;
• The furnace chimney must create good draft and have cleaning elements, since the flue gases in the furnace often do not burn out completely, and soot settles on the walls of the pipe.

The price of Buleryan-aqua furnaces, depending on the capacity, ranges from 16 to 46 thousand rubles.

Pyrolysis boilers "Trajan"

Trayan boilers with light hand buyers received the unofficial name of the Trojan. They are gas generators with bottom loading and power from 10 to 30 kW, depending on the modification. The case is made of steel, in its frontal part there is a loading door, as well as an ash pan damper and a cleaning door of the afterburner chamber.

In the upper part of the body there is a smoke pipe, a fitting for connecting the outlet pipe of the heating system and a mechanical draft regulator connected to the ash pan damper by a chain. The inlet fitting is located at the rear of the boiler.

Advantages of the boiler:

• high productivity with low consumption of firewood;
• non-volatility - there are no fans in the boiler;
• the unit is equipped with a built-in emergency circuit to avoid boiling and water hammer in the system;
• Trojan can be equipped with an additional electric heating element to maintain the temperature in the system during breaks in the furnace.

Below detailed video: boiler "Troyan"

The price of Troyan boilers, depending on the model, is from 45 to 70 thousand rubles.

Stropuwa mining boiler

One of the most popular representatives of gas generators with top loading, boiler power from 8 to 40 kW. It has a cylindrical body, inside which is placed a cylindrical firebox. The entire space between the body and the firebox is a water jacket. Fuel is loaded through a door located in the upper third of the boiler. Below is an ash pan for cleaning the chamber.

The air necessary for combustion is supplied through a telescopic pipe directly to the top layer of firewood. The damper is regulated by a bimetallic element. When burning and lowering firewood, the pipe gradually increases. After the end of the firebox, the pipe is lifted by a special cable.

Advantages of Stropuva boilers:

• long burning mode without loading - up to 5 days when using coal;
• high efficiency - up to 90%;
• safety - in case of overheating, the boiler will not explode, possible deformation of the walls occurs inside the boiler, which will avoid leakage and burns;
• independence from power supply - adjustment is carried out mechanically;
• compact dimensions even for high power boilers.

Video: Stropuva mine-type boilers

Long-burning boilers are a new word in the production of heating units. Their design is being improved all the time, while increasing efficiency, increasing safety and ease of use, and the price becomes more affordable. Installing a pyrolysis boiler in a private house is a step towards comfort and savings.