Coupe garden flower. Kupena is a sprawling green beauty. Kupena squat or low Polygonatum humile

Sometimes a gardener has to decide difficult tasks. For example, choose a shade-tolerant plant that can be placed even under a dense canopy of trees.

In this case, a bought one is suitable, planting and caring for it are just done in shaded areas. Otherwise, the seal of Solomon, as this spectacular representative of the Asparagus family is also called, will refuse to bloom.

In nature, kupena grows in shady forests. All species, and there are up to 50 of them, are perennial, usually bloom in May-June, berries appear in autumn. Different varieties can differ strikingly in height, leaf shape and color.

The giant Chinese kupena grows up to 120 centimeters in height, almost a hundred snow-white flowers can appear on the stem of a large bush. A hardy variety of crescent-shaped kupena called Silver Lining will surprise you with unusual leaves decorated with silver stripes. The Polygonatum kingianum species blooms in rich orange or red.

There are also dwarf squat kupens, their height barely reaches 35 centimeters, the leaves resemble lily of the valley, and the white flowers are very fragrant. There are very tiny bushes about 15 centimeters tall. landscape designers I also fell in love with the multi-flowered, broad-leaved, fragrant, pink, Caucasian kupena.

How to plant a kupen and provide care for her

It is important to remember that planting and caring for a purchased plant will not be successful if you do not protect the plant from direct sun rays. The site should be shady, but partial shade is also possible. The soil will need fertile, moist, suitable sandy or loamy.

Theoretically, kupena can be propagated by seeds and division of rhizomes. But practice shows that the first option is less successful, the seeds lose their germination very quickly. But thick rhizome segments rarely fail.

Before planting, you must carefully examine the rhizome. The fact is that the buds on it can be flower - larger, with a blunt end, and growth - smaller, the end is pointed. Tuber segment with flower buds can be immediately planted on a permanent site, the plant will bloom the next year. It is better to plant the part with growth buds on a separate bed, it will have to grow. Solomon's seal adapts remarkably after transplantation.

It is better to plant rhizomes in early spring or early September. If this is a permanent site, it is advisable to keep a distance between them of about 15 centimeters. If a segment is planted for growing, 10 centimeters is enough. A shallow hole is made in the soil, drainage is placed at the bottom, then a rhizome with at least one bud is lowered there, covered with earth and moistened. It is necessary to provide daily watering during the next week, except for days when it rains.

Caring for a purchased one is extremely simple, regular moisturizing is enough for it, but adult bushes tolerate drought well. Moreover, they restrain the appearance of weeds and it is rare to weed a plot with plants. Diseases of the seal of Solomon rarely affect. Sawfly caterpillars can become malicious pests, sometimes in summer they devour leaves in a matter of days, so it is important not to miss the appearance of insects.

Solomon's seal is a godsend for a garden that has no time to take care of. It hibernates without shelter, grows remarkably in one place without a transplant.

Another perennial, which is able to grow in the shade - this is a kupena ( Polygonatum) from the Landyshev family. It looks modest, but very elegant, ideal for a garden in a natural style, when the right conditions are created, it grows quickly. English title bought Solomon's Seal translated means "seal of Solomon" testifies to its useful medicinal properties. If you are going to plant this perennial in your garden, pay attention to what the kupen likes and dislikes. Planting and care, soil requirements, breeding methods - you can learn about all this in this article.

What does the purchase look like?

Unpretentious perennial up to 1.5 meters high (dwarf varieties from 10 centimeters): multi-knuckled rhizome, broad leaves veined, knotted stem leaning towards the ground, more often with white, less often with pink, cream, greenish, purple bell-shaped flowers (bloom in May). New variegated varieties of culture have been bred by breeders. Green leaves with veins look very nice white color, edged with a stripe.

Flowering lasts 3-4 weeks, but even after it ends, when dark blue or red berries appear, the plants continue to attract attention with their appearance.

Attention! All parts of the plant are poisonous!

Polygonatum giganteum

Kupena hybrid ‘Betburg’ Kupena fragrant, f. variegated Polygonatum pubescens

Landing place purchased

In principle, it can grow on any soil, but it looks best when planted in the shade or partial shade. Soils prefer dense, fertile. On poor soils and in the sun, it grows worse and does not look as impressive. Likes moist soils, but does not tolerate stagnant moisture. It is also undesirable for groundwater to come close to the surface at the selected location. Kupena grows well under trees, forming real thickets in which weeds do not survive.

For planting on ridges, complete mineral fertilizer (15 grams per 1 plant) or wood ash is applied. Drainage is poured into the planting pits (crushed stone or sand is suitable), compost is added, which is mixed with the top layer of garden soil.

How does kupena reproduce?

Division of the rhizome - the easiest way to reproduce. Rhizomes are cranked, with marks from dying stems, which are called seals. They determine the age of the plant. Dividing the rhizomes is not difficult, they are fragile. By the end of summer, plants have time to form renewal buds. Therefore, the division of the rhizome is carried out at the end of August or in early spring no more than once every 3-4 years. In addition to updating the plant and obtaining planting material, this event allows you to keep the kupen under control. And then it happens that she mixed landings oppresses and even displaces its neighbors.

Delenki with kidneys are planted to a depth of 8 centimeters, placing them horizontally, at a distance of at least 20 centimeters from each other. After planting, lay out the mulch. It should be noted that the first couple of years, kupena grows very slowly.

Reproduction by seeds

They are rarely used in amateur floriculture: the seeds are tied poorly, they quickly lose their germination capacity, and the plant grown from seeds begins to bloom in the 3rd, and sometimes even in the 5th year. Hybrid varieties are not propagated by seeds at all - the offspring may not retain signs of the mother plant. Planting seeds is carried out before winter, seedlings usually appear in the spring, it happens only for 2 years.

Care

Culture does not require special care:

• Watering is needed in dry times regular.
• So that after watering a crust does not form, the plantings must be mulched; when loosening, fragile rhizomes can be accidentally damaged.
• Only in the first years after planting do weeds need to be weeded. Then, when the kupena grows, they will no longer be able to break through the powerful curtains.
• If the soil is fertile, fertilizers for plants do not have to be applied every year. But for their better development, it is advisable to add organic matter (manure or compost) and mineral fertilizers annually in the spring.
• For the winter, shoots are cut off - up to 5 cm in height. Young plantings are covered with a layer of mulch.
• Kupene does not like frequent transplants. In one place (if there is no need to obtain planting material), it can stay up to 10 years.
• Culture is not afraid of diseases and pests - they almost always bypass it. Sometimes, towards the end of summer, slugs attack the plants. They can be dealt with with the help of Intavir.

Bought in landscape design and not only

The plant is not replaceable in shady gardens. In them, she gets along well with dicentra, ferns, doronicum. Suitable for growing in a rocky garden, suitable for joint landings with daylilies, hostas, irises, geyhera, tulips, primroses, forest geraniums. Often grown to cover deserted, unsightly corners of the garden.

Kupena multiflora "Double Stuff"

Good cut cut: often used to create floral arrangements and in bouquets. Suitable for winter distillation: parts of the rhizome are planted in flower pots and brought into the room.

2015, . All rights reserved.

Kupena is somewhat similar to lily of the valley. As soon as they do not call it among the people: deaf lily of the valley, kokornik, signet, Solomon's seal, wolf grass, wolf tusk, core, crow berries. This unpretentious perennial not only decorative, but also one of the medicinal plants.

Kupena is unpretentious and grows quickly

Kupena(Polygonatum) - perennial rhizome herbaceous plant, which in nature often grows in meadows and slopes. Lignified multi-articulated (articular) rhizome located horizontally at the soil surface. In spring, a new stem grows from the bud at the end of the root. In the autumn it dies off, leaving a mark that looks like a seal. By the number of small round scars with a depressed middle from last year's stems ("Solomon's seal"), the age of the plant is determined.

Ribbed stems covered with thin smooth green skin, in some species with a reddish tinge. The shoots are bent in a semi-arc; large oval-shaped sessile leaves with smooth edges, a pointed top and relief veins are alternately located on them.

Bought in May - June blooms. First, snow-white bell-shaped buds hang from the axils of the leaves along the lower edge of the stem, then the flowers bloom. They smell nice. After pollination, fruits appear. These are reddish berries that turn blue-black when ripe. The fruits are bought with poisonous seeds.

Flowers bought

Types of bought

About 50 species of kupena have been described, many of which are decorative.

Kupena pharmacy (medicinal), or fragrant(P. odoratum). The height of a perennial with ribbed stems, on which oval-shaped leaves sit, is 30 - 65 cm. Flowering begins in the second half of May and lasts almost 5 weeks. The flowers are white, bell-shaped.

Whorled kupena(P. verticillatum). This type of plant 30 - 60 cm high blooms in June-July. Its lower sessile elongated narrow leaves are attached alternately, the upper ones are collected in whorls of 4-8 pieces. Popular grade "Rubrum".

Kupena multiflora(P. multiflorum). The height of the perennial is about 1 m. The leaves are arranged in two rows. Snow-white small flowers are collected in bunches up to four pieces in the axils of the leaves. This is a moisture-loving species that grows well in the shade. Kupena multiflora variegatum(P. odoratum) has leaves with longitudinal white stripes. It is good even after flowering.

Kupena broad-leaved(P. hirtum). The height of this species is about 50 cm. The oval leaves have pointed tops. The flowers are white, with a greenish tint. They bloom at the end of May.

Kupena squat, or low(P. humile). A low-growing plant 15 - 35 cm high has sessile leaves of a light green color. The flowers are white with a noticeable pinkish tint.

Koupen Hooker(P. hookeri). This is a unique dwarf species of kupena less than 10 cm high. The oblong leaves are narrow. The flowers have a distinct purple hue.

Kupena Pratti(P. prattii). This is very decorative look with purple bells collected in panicled tassels. The stems are dark purple, the elongated leaves are greenish-silvery.

Reproduction bought

Kupena reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. Consider first seed propagation method this plant, in which it is possible to grow a large number of seedlings. But he's quite troublesome. Can be used by hand harvested seeds. First you need to collect the ripened fruits, extract the seeds from them and rinse them from the pulp. After that, the seeds are stratified (in the refrigerator) for a month. Then they start sowing, filling the container with a sand-peat mixture. It is left for three months in a cool place (+ 5°C).

After three months, the container with crops is moved for a short time to a warm place (+20 - 23 ° C). But in order for the seeds to germinate together, they again need coolness for one to two months. After that, the container with crops is kept in a warm room (+20 - 23 ° C) with diffused lighting and the soil is regularly moistened. At first, seedlings grow slowly.

Landing on a permanent place in the flower garden is carried out in late spring. Flowering is expected only in the third - fourth year.

The division of the bush- the easiest way to breed kupena. It is usually held in late summer or early autumn. I divide my overgrown kupena in the spring, when shoots begin to grow. I take into account that when digging and planting it is easy to break off young sprouts.

It is advisable to divide the bushes every four to five years, because. overgrown kupena climbs into the territory of neighboring plants. The excavated bush is carefully cut into pieces. In each division there should be a segment of the rhizome with a growth bud, in the fall, always with a part of the stem.

When planting, you need to carefully straighten the rhizome, deepening it by 5 - 8 cm. The delenki are planted at a distance of at least 20 cm from each other. Only after that, watering is carried out and a little dry soil is added. In autumn, you need to additionally mulch the landing site.

The first two years, the kupena is settled in a new place, after which it blooms and begins to grow actively.

Raindrops on the leaves are bought

Purchased care

Place. Kupena grows better in a semi-shady place.

Watering. This unpretentious perennial plant is surprisingly undemanding to watering. In dry summers, the soil has to be moistened more often. Mulching perfectly retains moisture and eliminates the need for loosening, which can damage the rhizome.

top dressing. Complex mineral fertilizer is applied to fertile soil in early spring. The poor must be flavored with organic matter. The second feeding is carried out during the flowering period.

Diseases and pests. Kupena is classified as a plant with good health. But its leaves are spoiled by slugs and some sucking pests.

Not only slugs, snails, but also other pests that appear in the second half of summer regale on juicy leaves bought

Wintering. IN middle lane Kupena winters well without complicated shelters. It is enough to mulch the ground with compost, a mixture of peat and sand or sawdust in the fall. In windy places, it is worth covering with spruce branches for snow retention. In the spring, it is harvested before young shoots appear.

Bought at the time of registration of the site

Kupena is good even after flowering. It has curved shoots that die off only in autumn. This perennial is often used for landscaping shady places, but it also adorns well-lit areas.

Kupena looks great next to stones and snags. Especially if they are covered with thick moss. It can be safely planted at the edge of ornamental pools and in rockeries, if there is a place with fertile soil.

In flower beds, it looks amazing next to ground cover plants, for example, with tenacious (ayuga), monetized loosestrife, periwinkle, filamentous speedwell, etc. A wonderful neighborhood is with a garden cuff, which emphasizes the beauty of other plants (the article “Cuff: a garden plant or a useful weed? "). I have a lot of bulbous primroses (crocuses, scillas, etc.) settled around this perennial. They have been living their lives on our site for a long time and appear in the spring even in the most inappropriate places. Kupena looks amazing next to white lilacs.

Blooming kupena and white lilac

Purchased as a medicinal plant

Kupena has long been attributed to medicinal plants that help with many diseases. Traditional healers use it, but do not forget about contraindications:

Kupena is a poisonous plant. Roots, grass, flowers and berries have an emetic effect. An overdose can lead to more unpleasant, even dangerous phenomena. Kupena is contraindicated during pregnancy (R.B. Akhmedov "Plants are your friends and enemies").

This plant relieves pain, inflammation, stops bleeding and helps with severe coughs. But often self-medication leads to bad consequences. Therefore, without consulting a specialist, you should not use decoctions and infusions bought inside. It is better to use fresh juice applied externally. It heals wounds well and heals ulcers.

Kupena is able to quickly heal wounds, bleeding abrasions, bruises, as well as relieve bruises and bruises.
The easiest way is to use a decoction: boil 2-3 tablespoons of chopped roots over low heat in 0.5 liters of water for 20 minutes. Use for compresses and lotions. Do not take internally, as this dosage is strong, it will immediately cause vomiting. For oral administration, the proportions are different. The plant is poisonous, it requires an attentive attitude (R.B. Akhmedov "Odolen-grass").

Kupena and mysticism

Kupena is often referred to as the "Seal of Solomon", or "Solomon's Seal". There are two legends associated with this plant and the biblical king Solomon. In one of them, the king, who lived for a very long time, marked the kupen with his seal, so that it would be easier to find a healing plant that prolongs people's lives. In the second legend, the king ordered to put the same design on his seal, which he saw on the round scars on the rhizomes of the kupena.

From a dried piece of rhizome "with a seal" they make amulet strengthening family ties.

The peasants cut off from the root those pieces that looked like a cross, and wore them as amulets from the evil eye, damage and wrath of heavenly forces (lightning, hail, etc.).

Until now, healers speak on the "seal of Solomon" hernia.

A shoot bought with an even number of leaves was called " lupenic". In the old days, they insisted on spring water, and then washed their faces with it so that damaged skin would come off. They also looked for an escape with an odd number of leaves, or " foam". Washed with this infusion to reduce freckles and other age spots.

Burning bush. Our beautiful kupena has nothing in common (except for a similar pronunciation) with dictamnus, or ash tree (Dictamnus). This southern perennial plant of the Rutovye family is well known in the Crimea and the Caucasus. During flowering, a characteristic pharmacy smell appears. The fruits smell like freshly ground cinnamon. The insidiousness of this beautifully flowering plant lies in the fact that the burn on the skin is felt only after a few hours, when watery blisters appear. After them there is a wound. She lives for a long time. The ash-tree is shrouded in ethereal vapors, so the flame burns them without damaging the plant itself. It seems that the fire scorches him, but cannot set him on fire.

© Podmoskovye, 2012-2018. Copying texts and photos from the site podmoskоvje.com is prohibited. All rights reserved.

Sometimes a gardener has to solve difficult tasks. For example, choose a shade-tolerant plant that can be placed even under a dense canopy of trees.

In this case, a bought one is suitable, planting and caring for it are just done in shaded areas. Otherwise, the seal of Solomon, as this spectacular representative of the Asparagus family is also called, will refuse to bloom.

In nature, kupena grows in shady forests. All species, and there are up to 50 of them, are perennial, usually bloom in May-June, berries appear in autumn. Different varieties can differ strikingly in height, leaf shape and color.

The giant Chinese kupena grows up to 120 centimeters in height, almost a hundred snow-white flowers can appear on the stem of a large bush. A hardy variety of crescent-shaped kupena called Silver Lining will surprise you with unusual leaves decorated with silver stripes. The Polygonatum kingianum species blooms in rich orange or red.

There are also dwarf squat kupens, their height barely reaches 35 centimeters, the leaves resemble a lily of the valley, and the white flowers are very fragrant. There are very tiny bushes about 15 centimeters tall. Landscape designers also fell in love with the multi-flowered, broad-leaved, fragrant, pink, Caucasian kupena.

How to plant a kupen and provide care for her

It is important to remember that planting and caring for a purchased plant will not be successful if you do not protect the plant from direct sunlight. The site should be shady, but partial shade is also possible. The soil will need fertile, moist, suitable sandy or loamy.

Theoretically, kupena can be propagated by seeds and division of rhizomes. But practice shows that the first option is less successful, the seeds lose their germination very quickly. But thick rhizome segments rarely fail.

Before planting, you must carefully examine the rhizome. The fact is that the buds on it can be flower - larger, with a blunt end, and growth - smaller, the end is pointed. A segment of a tuber with flower buds can be planted immediately on a permanent site, the plant will bloom the next year. It is better to plant the part with growth buds on a separate bed, it will have to grow. Solomon's seal adapts remarkably after transplantation.

It is better to plant rhizomes in early spring or early September. If this is a permanent site, it is advisable to keep a distance between them of about 15 centimeters. If a segment is planted for growing, 10 centimeters is enough. A shallow hole is made in the soil, drainage is placed at the bottom, then a rhizome with at least one bud is lowered there, covered with earth and moistened. It is necessary to provide daily watering during the next week, except for days when it rains.

Caring for a purchased one is extremely simple, regular moisturizing is enough for it, but adult bushes tolerate drought well. Moreover, they restrain the appearance of weeds and it is rare to weed a plot with plants. Diseases of the seal of Solomon rarely affect. Sawfly caterpillars can become malicious pests, sometimes in summer they devour leaves in a matter of days, so it is important not to miss the appearance of insects.

Solomon's seal is a godsend for a garden that has no time to take care of. It hibernates without shelter, grows remarkably in one place without a transplant.

Kupena with graceful stems and large leaves is very decorative and will help diversify the shady areas of the site. It is often placed in a group with shrubs and trees, planted near water bodies, decorated with mixborders and flower beds.

Low-growing varieties are useful for decorating large rockeries and rock gardens.

The plant is also suitable for cutting, you can create very beautiful table compositions.

Kupena is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asparagus family. In the natural environment, it lives in the subtropical and temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, prefers slopes, meadows.

Botanical description

By appearance similar to lily of the valley. The height of the plant is from 10 cm to 1.5 m. The rhizome is multi-generational, lignified, mainly located horizontally close to the soil surface. On the rhizome there are rounded marks with a depressed middle - the so-called Solomon's seal. According to legend, it was left by the king thanks to medicinal properties plants. These marks determine the return of the plant.

Numerous growth points release stems to the surface. They are ribbed, covered with a thin smooth skin of a green or reddish hue. Arcuate shoots are covered with large sessile leaves arranged alternately. The shape of the leaf plate is oval, the edges are smooth, the tip is pointed. The leaves are covered with relief veins running vertically.

When it blooms

Flowering occurs in May-June. Snow-white bell-shaped buds appear in the axils of the leaves. They are collected in whorls, hang down along the lower edge of the stem, exude a rich pleasant aroma. After pollination, fruits appear: rounded berries of a reddish hue, which become blue-black as they ripen. Each berry contains 1-9 seeds. Be careful - they are poisonous.

Growing bought from seeds

Seeds purchased photo

Possibly seed and vegetative reproduction bought.

Growing kupena from seeds is a rather troublesome process, but it allows you to immediately get a large number of seedlings.

• Collect ripe fruits, remove seeds, rinse from pulp.
• Keep the seeds in the vegetable section of the refrigerator for about 1 month.
• Sow in a container with a sand-peat mixture and keep at an air temperature of +2-5 ° C for 3 months.
• The next 3 months, crops should be kept warm (about 20-23 ° C).
• Then keep it cool again for about 3 months - at this stage the seeds will begin to germinate.

Kupena from seeds seedling photo

• Sprouts develop slowly. Grow at an air temperature of 20-23 ° C, diffused lighting is necessary, moisten the soil.
• Landing in open ground in the spring. Flowering will occur in the 3-4th year of growth.

Reproduction by dividing the bush

Vegetative propagation is carried out in late summer or early autumn.

The division of the rhizome is the simplest and effective method breeding. The bushes should be divided every 3-4 years, otherwise the kupena will grow strongly and will drown out its neighbors. Dig up a bush, carefully divide into parts. Delenki should be large, contain a piece of rhizome with growth buds and part of the stem.

How to plant seedlings bought

Delenki, as well as plants grown from seeds, are planted in the same way.

• Dig the area to the depth of a shovel bayonet, get rid of weeds, level the soil.
• It is recommended to make complex mineral fertilizers, compost, ash. Add sand to dense, heavy soil.
• When planting, place the rhizome horizontally, deepen by 8-9 cm.
• Between plantings, keep a distance of about 20 cm. Compact the soil, water it.

Delenki will take root for about 2 years, and then the bush will begin to grow and bloom.

Grows best in the shade. It develops more slowly in a sunny area.

How to care for bought in the garden

Watering and loosening the soil

Water only during severe drought.

To maintain moisture and to avoid the formation of a crust on the soil surface, the area should be mulched. It is not recommended to loosen the soil so as not to damage the roots of the plant. Pull weeds carefully.

top dressing

If the soil is fertile, it is enough to apply a complex mineral fertilizer or organic matter in early spring. Fertilize poor soil in spring and during flowering.

Diseases and pests

The plant is resistant to diseases and pests. Occasionally, slugs may appear on lush greenery. Harvest them by hand, use traps, or cover the surface of the soil with a thin layer of ash or crushed eggshells.

Wintering

In the middle lane, the kupena successfully winters without shelter. If winters in your region with frosts over 20 ° C, mulch the soil with peat, sawdust, cover with spruce branches. Remove cover in spring.

Bought in landscape design

Kupena in garden design photo

IN landscape design Kupena is most often planted for landscaping shady areas. Grows well in sunny areas. It retains its decorative effect even after flowering - juicy greenery dies off in autumn.

Looks good in rockeries rocky gardens, will become bright accent in vertical planting with undersized plants (daisies, asters, phloxes, hydrangeas, corydalis, pansies, etc.).

Kupena in landscape design photo mixborder

Combined with daylilies, irises, dicentra, it will favorably cover the withered greens of faded tulips and other spring bulbs.

Medicinal properties bought

Roots and shoots are rich in alkaloids, saponins, glucose and other active substances. Due to this, the plant is used as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, analgesic, enveloping, expectorant.

Fresh juice externally treats ulcers, heals wounds. A decoction is taken for bronchitis, stomach ulcers, pneumonia.

Alcohol tincture on the roots of kupena should be taken for headaches, gout, osteochondrosis, heart failure.

Be sure to consult your doctor before using any folk remedies. Overdose leads to negative consequences.

Species bought with photos and names

The genus includes about 50 species. Consider some of them, grown decoratively.

Kupena pharmacy or medicinal, she is fragrant Polygonatum odoratum

Kupena pharmacy or medicinal she is fragrant Polygonatum odoratum photo

Kupena 30-65 cm high. Ribbed stems are covered with oval-shaped leaves. Flowering starts in mid-late May and lasts about 5 weeks. Flowers white, bell-shaped.

Kupena whorled Polygonatum verticillatum

Kupena whorled Polygonatum verticillatum grade ‘Rubrum’ photo

The height of the plant is 30-60 cm. The leaves are sessile, the lower ones are attached alternately, the upper ones are collected in whorls of 4-8 pieces. The leaf length is 10-17 cm, width - 1.5 cm. Flowering begins in June-July.

Kupena multiflorous Polygonatum multiflorum

Kupena multiflorous Polygonatum multiflorum photo

The height of the plant is about 1 m. The leaves are arranged in two rows. Small snow-white flowers 1-4 are collected in the axils of the leaves. Grows best in shade, loves moisture.

Kupena broad-leaved Polygonatum hirtum

The height is about 50 cm. The leaves are oval in shape with pointed tops. At the end of May, white flowers appear with a green tint.

Kupena squat or low Polygonatum humile

Kupena broad-leaved Polygonatum hirtum photo

Kupena 15-35 cm high. Sessile leaves, light green color. The flowers are white with a pinkish tinge.

Kupena Hooker Polygonatum hookeri

Kupena Hooker Polygonatum hookeri photo

Original look. The dwarf is only 5 cm high. The leaves are narrow, oblong. The flowers are purple in color.

Kupena variegated

Kupena multiflorous variegatum Polygonatum odoratum ‘Variegatum’

Beautiful varieties with longitudinal white stripes along the leaves. Even when fading, such a cupena remains the central focus in mixborders.

Kupena Pratti Polygonatum prattii

Kupena Pratti Polygonatum prattii photo

A beautiful plant with scatterings of purple bells collected in dense paniculate brushes. The leaves are lanceolate, elongated, have a peculiar greenish-silver color. Stems are dark purple.

Kupena is a herbaceous perennial plant. Distinctive feature- thick, fleshy erect peduncles with thin drooping petioles. The petioles on the stems are arranged alternately, on which white or greenish-white bell-shaped flowers hang. Peduncles develop in early spring from a knotted root system. The leaves on the peduncles are arranged in two rows, from top to bottom. The shape of the leaves is oval-elongated. In the article we will consider step by step cultivation Kupena in open field, reproduction and determine where and when to plant a flower.

On one erect peduncle of Kupena there are more than 20-25 flowers.

In the natural environment, you can find Kupena with pink, purple and cream flowers. Depending on the species, Kupena is dwarf and tall, the height of the first bush reaches no more than 10 cm; the second - 1.5 m.

Bell-shaped flowers of Kupena bloom in May. Flowering time is 3-4 weeks. After flowering, poisonous dark blue berries appear.

Kupena shade-loving plant. Under favorable conditions, it grows rapidly. Prefers to grow in moist fertile soil. Kupena has a multi-knee root system. The plant is propagated by seeds and division of the rhizome.

Place for planting purchased in the garden

Kupena grows well in sunny and shaded areas, which means it can become a worthy decoration for any corner on the site. Kupena responds with lush flowering on almost any soil. However, the duration of flowering and resistance to low temperatures and diseases of this plant depends on the fertility of the soil.

Kupena does not tolerate waterlogged soils, as well as soils with a close occurrence of groundwater. Intolerance to highly moist soils is associated with the root system of the plant, which quickly rots even with a slight accumulation of water.

Kupena is best planted under trees and shrubs, which will not only shade the plant, but also take on most of the water with abundant soil moisture. Kupena can be grown in areas where weeds sprout annually. Kupena forms dense thickets, which helps in the fight against weeds. Read also the article: → “How to deal with weeds in the garden: best practices and funds."

Kupena looks good along the fence and wall of the house. It can serve other plants as a shield from direct sunlight.

Soil preparation at the site for planting kupena

The process of preparing the soil for planting Kupena begins with the completion summer season. The main activities for soil preparation include:

• removal of weeds;
• digging the soil by 25-30 cm (or a shovel bayonet);
• introduction drainage material into the soil;
• introduction mineral fertilizers;

Many gardeners prefer to use sand and gravel as drainage. Such components make it possible to improve the mechanical structure of the soil, namely, they make the soil more air-permeable, and therefore fertile, since in such soil there is an intensive growth and development of beneficial microorganisms. Moreover, the root system of Kupena on well-aerated soil freely absorbs the right amount nutrients produced beneficial organisms, as well as micro- and macroelements introduced into the soil as fertilizers with the help of man.

In the table, we consider the types of drainage for growing Kupena in open ground:

Types of drainage	Drainage Features	Types of reproduction Kupena
Perlite	Makes soil structure porous. Promotes good rooting of root offspring, cuttings, cuttings	When propagated by dividing the rhizome
Vermiculite	Absorbs most of the water, in case of drought returns some of the water to the roots.	When transplanting and propagating plants by divisions
Charcoal	Protects the top layer from flooding	Used at all stages of plant development
Sand	Prevents stagnation of water at the roots	When planting seeds and delenok rhizomes
rubble	Promotes the penetration of water into deeper layers, which avoids stagnant water at the roots	For all types of reproduction

Reproduction Kupena by dividing the rhizome

Kupena mainly reproduces vegetatively, namely by dividing the rhizome. The procedure for dividing the rhizome of the mother plant can be carried out throughout the year. However, it is best to divide the rhizome in August. During this period, the roots have fully formed growth points. Consider step by step instructions for planting delenok Kupena:

• add complex mineral fertilizers at the rate of 20-30 g per m2;
• dig the soil along with mineral fertilizers by 20-30 cm.
• add wood ash to the dug up and fertilized soil at the rate of 10-15 g per plant;
• treat delenki before planting in a growth stimulant solution;
• ready-made delenki with at least two kidneys are placed horizontally at a depth of 10-12 cm.
• The soil is lightly compacted with a garden shovel and watered abundantly.

For the first year and a half, delenki planted in open ground will grow slowly. Active growth begins as soon as the rhizome takes root in a new place.

Tip #1 Rhizome cuttings should be large, since large cuttings contain a sufficient amount of nutrients necessary for further successful rooting.

Kupena has a horizontal root with swellings, each of which has a mark resembling an old seal. That is why Kupena is popularly known as Solomon's seal.

Reproduction Bought by seeds in the open field

Kupena is propagated by seeds very rarely, since the seeds of the plant are quite rarely tied. Seeds are formed if the plant is pollinated by long-proboscis bumblebees. Moreover, the seeds of Kupena are characterized by a low percentage of germination and do not retain the varietal characteristics of the mother plant.

Kupena seeds must be stratified before planting in early spring. Therefore, experienced gardeners prefer to sow seeds in late autumn. Such seeds do not require stratification, as they are stratified under natural conditions in the winter.

Consider a step-by-step instruction for sowing seeds in open ground:

• elevated beds 5-7 cm high are formed on the site;
• seeds are sown in a tape method at a distance of 5-10 cm, depending on the desired planting density;
• deepen the seeds into the soil by no more than 2-3 cm;
• sowing is sprinkled with loose soil and watered abundantly.

Seedlings appear the next year in late spring. Gardeners note cases of seedlings appearing at the beginning of summer due to the slow development of the plant. In the table, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of two methods of breeding Kupena:

Bought in landscape design

Kupena forms dense decorative thickets, and well covers empty and unsightly areas. Since Kupena is a shade-loving plant, gardeners often plant trees and trees around and decorate them.

Tall kupena looks good in the central part personal plot, for example, in rockeries with flowers such as pansies, daisies, irises and daylilies. Kupena is planted next to plants such as ferns and hellebore in order to protect the plant from sunlight. Read also the article: → "We equip the country life and create landscape compositions."

Kupena looks good in combination with compact lush flowering plants

Cultivated varieties Kupena for planting in the country

Wild varieties of Kupena grow in mountain and lowland forests. In temperate regions. Uncultivated varieties of Kupena are used as medicinal plant. The area of ​​distribution of medicinal Kupena is Siberia, the Caucasus and Far East. Consider varieties suitable for growing in garden plots:

• Kupena Fragrant;
• Kupena Multiflora;
• Kupena Variegata;
• Kupena Crescent.

The above varieties of Kupena are distinguished by the decorativeness of the leaves and the splendor of flowering. They are characterized as the most winter-hardy. They reach a height of up to 1 m. They bloom in late May - early June. Read also the article: → "Beautiful perennial flowers for summer cottages and gardens."

Mineral complex fertilizers for growing Kupena

Mineral fertilizers are necessary for Kupene not only for growth and development, but also for abundant and long flowering. When planting Kupena in fertile soil, the introduction of individual mineral elements is sufficient for positive growth and flowering. In the table, we will consider what mineral elements are needed to be applied when planting Kupena, taking into account the type of soil:

a lack of useful elements manifests itself in the form of yellowing of the leaves, weak growth and short flowering. Often on poor soils there is a fall of unopened buds. With severe mineral starvation, Kupena is characterized by low resistance to pests such as slugs and sawfly.

Mineral fertilizers should be applied taking into account the structure and fertility of the soil. You can fill the lack of nutrients in the soil with the help of fertilizers such as:

1. For nitrogen deficiency:

• Ammonium nitrate - for soil application;
• Urea solution - for foliar top dressing.

1. For phosphorus deficiency:

• Superphosphate solution - for foliar top dressing;
• Monophosphate - for soil application.

1. For potassium deficiency:

• Potassium chloride - for soil application;
• A solution of potassium salt - for foliar feeding.

1. For calcium deficiency:

• Calcium sulphate for soil application;

1. For magnesium deficiency:

• Magnesium sulphate for foliar feeding.

The above fertilizers are applied before and after flowering. To reduce the acidity of the soil, it is best to use organic fertilizers manure, compost or humus. The introduction of complex mineral fertilizers for flowers, as well as biofertilizers to increase soil fertility, will not interfere.

Tip #2 Infertile soil for planting Kupena should not be enriched with earthworms. Since for worms, the optimal soil moisture should be more than 80%, which means that frequent watering is required, which can negatively affect the growth and development of the plant's root system.

Slugs and sawfly attack plants with weak immune systems.

Common mistakes gardeners make when propagating and planting Kupena

1. Grow on highly moist soils or on soils with a close occurrence of groundwater.
2. The soil for planting Kupena choose dense, poorly drained.
3. Grow Kupena in the sunniest areas.
4. Sow seeds in open ground in spring without stratification.

Frequently asked questions of gardeners when propagating and planting Kupena

Question number 1. How many years can Kupena grow in one place?

Kupena in one place grows from 10 to 15 years, depending on the care of the plant.

Question number 2. Do I need to shelter Kupena for the winter?

If Kupena was planted in fertile soil and a sufficient amount of fertilizer was applied, Kupena can not be covered for the winter. Healthy plants winter well in open ground.

Question number 3. How to protect Kupena from slugs?

Enough for protection to carry out treatment with broad-spectrum insecticides. These drugs include the universal insecticide "Intavir" or "Aktofit".

Question number 4. How long does Kupena bloom?

The duration of flowering depends on the care of the plant. On average, all types and varieties of Kupena bloom for 4-5 weeks. After flowering, dark berries appear.

Question number 5. Is it possible to transplant Kupena?

Kupena is very difficult to transplant, since the survival of the root system in a new place is very slow.

Seed propagation in the garden strawberry familiar to us, unfortunately, leads to the appearance of less productive plants and weaker bushes. But another type of these sweet berries - alpine strawberries, can be successfully grown from seeds. Let's learn about the main advantages and disadvantages of this crop, consider the main varieties and features of agricultural technology. The information presented in this article will help you decide whether it is worth giving her a place in the berry.

Often at the sight beautiful flower we instinctively bend down to smell its fragrance. All fragrant flowers can be divided into two large groups: nocturnal (pollinated by nocturnal butterflies) and daytime, whose pollinators are mainly bees. Both groups of plants are important for the grower and designer, because we often walk in the garden during the day and relax in our favorite corners with the onset of the evening. We are never put off by the fragrance of our favorite fragrant flowers.

Pumpkin is considered by many gardeners to be the queen of the beds. And not only because of its size, variety of shapes and colors, but also for its excellent taste, useful qualities and a rich harvest. Pumpkin contains a large amount of carotene, iron, various vitamins and minerals. Thanks to the possibility of long-term storage, this vegetable supports our health. all year round. If you decide to plant a pumpkin on your site, you will be interested to know how to get the largest possible harvest.

Scotch eggs are amazing! Try to cook this dish at home, there is nothing difficult to prepare. Scotch eggs are hard-boiled eggs wrapped in chopped meat breaded in flour, egg and breadcrumbs and deep fried. For frying, you need a frying pan with a high rim, and if you have a deep fryer, then it's just great - even less hassle. You will also need deep-frying oil so as not to smoke the kitchen. Choose farm eggs for this recipe.

One of the most amazing large-flowered tub cubanola Dominican fully justifies the status of a tropical miracle. Heat-loving, slow-growing, with huge and in many ways unique bells of flowers, cubanola is a fragrant star with a difficult character. It requires special conditions in the rooms. But for those who are looking for exclusive plants for their interior, the best (and more chocolatey) candidate for the role of indoor giant cannot be found.

Chickpea Curry with Meat is a hearty hot dish for lunch or dinner inspired by Indian cuisine. This curry is quick to prepare, but requires pre-preparation. Chickpeas need to be pre-soaked in large quantities cold water for several hours, preferably at night, the water can be changed several times. It is also better to leave the meat in the marinade overnight so that it turns out juicy and tender. Then you should boil the chickpeas until tender and then cook the curry according to the recipe.

Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, acts as a beautiful backdrop for annuals. Not surprisingly, rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

Today, experiments with non-banal combinations and non-standard colors in the garden are in trend. For example, plants with black inflorescences have become very fashionable. All black flowers are original and specific, and it is important for them to be able to select suitable partners and a position. Therefore, this article will not only introduce you to the range of plants with slate-black inflorescences, but also teach you the intricacies of using such mystical plants in garden design.

3 delicious sandwiches - cucumber sandwich, chicken sandwich, cabbage and meat sandwich - a great idea for a quick snack or for a picnic in nature. Only fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little spice. There is no onion in these sandwiches, if you wish, you can add an onion marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches, this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, it remains to collect a picnic basket and go to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the variety group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, for medium ripening - 55-60 and late dates- not less than 70 days. When planting seedlings of tomatoes at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality crop of tomatoes also depends on the careful implementation of the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

Unpretentious plants of the "second plan" sansevieria do not seem boring to those who appreciate minimalism. They are better than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal maintenance. The stable decorative effect and extreme endurance of only one type of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very fast growth - Khan's rosette sansevieria. The squat rosettes of their stiff leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar pleasantly surprises with the balance of the distribution of favorable and unsuccessful days for working with plants according to lunar calendar. Gardening and gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while the unfavorable periods are very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be their optimal days for sowing with plantings, and for pruning, and for a pond, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for a festive menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this meat is preferable for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, the most good choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - mushrooms, boletus and other goodies are best harvested for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious and with an interesting, non-trivial foliage color. I have different Japanese spireas, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry ... And there is one special shrub that I will talk about in this article - the viburnum vesicle. To make my dream of a low maintenance garden come true, it's probably the perfect fit. At the same time, it is able to diversify the picture in the garden very much, moreover, from spring to autumn.

Perennial shade-loving plants are very much in demand in the established garden. Under the canopy of tree crowns, a special microclimate is formed, more and more shady places appear. It's time to pick flowering shade-loving plants for the garden. One of these plants is kupena. It is unpretentious, blooms pleasantly, and after flowering, due to the curved shape of the shoots and beautiful foliage, it does not lose its decorative effect. So, briefly about planting and caring for a bought in the open field.

Kupena: description

Kupena plant (Polygonatum) belongs to the Asparagus family. She has thick horizontal roots that lie shallow. Likes rich moist soils, but does not tolerate prolonged stagnation of water. The leaves are oval or lanceolate, arranged alternately, oppositely or in whorls on sloping shoots. There are species with an upright stem, but in private gardens, plants with an arcuate inclination of the stems are more often grown. The shoots are bought grassy, ​​strong enough, do not lie down from the rains.

Kupena acquires special grace during flowering - on the shoots in the axils of the leaves, bell flowers hanging down appear, which resemble lilies of the valley in shape. Plant height depends on the species - from 10 to 150 cm:

• Kupena fragrant or medicinal (P. odoratum) has many garden forms, with a height of 60 to 115 cm, grows rapidly. Though this garden form and grows rapidly aggressive plants does not apply - the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits growth can be easily regulated by simply pulling out excess roots, since they do not lie deep. There are variegated variegated forms. Blooms in late May for about 20 days.

• Kupena broadleaf (P. Latifolium) about 60 cm high can grow on extremely dense, clay soils. Quite drought tolerant. It also blooms at the end of May. It is this species that most of all sets fruits after flowering, so it is easy to propagate it by seeds. Sprouts appear in the second year after planting.

Of the upright species, the following can be mentioned: narrow-leaved kupena (P.stenophyllum), pink kupena (P.roseum), whorled kupena (P.verticillatum).

Kupena: planting and care in the open field

Kupena is propagated most often by dividing rhizomes, and planting can be carried out without any problems during the entire growing season. But if transplanted segments of rhizomes were bought in August, they will have already matured buds of resumption of growth. The root is deepened by 5 cm, placing it horizontally. For good engraftment, maintain soil moisture.

It must be emphasized that kupens are not just shade-loving garden plants, they are very undemanding to growing conditions and care. In one place, bought live for a long time - 10 years or more. In dry weather, they need to provide watering. Kupene do best in the shade and partial shade, on sunny places they shrink. In addition, the plant weakens in the sun and slugs can hit it. So growing kupena is best done in shady corners of the garden.

Kupena in garden design

Good bought for compositions in a natural style. They perfectly restrain the growth of weeds, creating very pretty thickets. Combine with ferns, hosts, hellebores, dicentres. Since they are decorative throughout the growing season and do not require frequent replanting, they can be recommended for creating a stable ground cover in shaded and semi-shaded areas of the garden.

So, when choosing shade-loving perennial garden plants, you should pay special attention to the bath, it is very charming in the shady corners of the garden and is undemanding to care for. But if you have children in the garden, then it is better not to use broad-leaved kupena for planting - its fruits can attract the attention of children, and they are poisonous. This is perhaps the only drawback of the purchase. Well, planting and caring for a purchased outdoors is very simple.