Ministry of General and Vocational Education
Sverdlovsk region
Department of Education of the Leninsky District Administration
Cities of Yekaterinburg
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
average comprehensive school № 93
PROJECT
Growing a sprout from a seed

Research
Pupils of the 4th "g" class
Zholudeva Taisiya
city ​​of Yekaterinburg, 2015
Introduction
Type of project: research, educational
Project implementation period: short-term (4 weeks)
Relevance of the project: the project on growing plants at home is aimed at obtaining basic knowledge about cultivated plants growing in our region; how to grow and care for them.
Purpose: to study the theoretical data on the reproduction of flowering plants by seeds, the application of the acquired knowledge for the cultivation of several plant species.
Tasks:
1. Study the theoretical material on growing flowers at home.
2. Learn the rules for caring for seedlings.
3. To study the importance of light, heat, moisture, soil for the growth and development of plants.
4. Follow the growth and development of seedlings in practice
Project idea: Grow several types of plants on your own: marigolds, peas, nasturtium.
Project stages:
1. Collection necessary information about planted plants, conditions of growth and development
2. Preparation of materials for the project: seeds, soil, fertilizers, special pots.
3. Accumulation of material, preparation of a photo report, presentation of the project.
Object of study: the process of germination of plant seeds at home in winter
Research Hypothesis: Ability to Grow Cultivated Plants at Home in Winter

Theoretical data
What is a flower. Cultivation of plants by humans
Flowering plants or Angiosperms - a department of higher plants, distinctive feature which is the presence of a flower as a reproductive organ
First flower plants appeared about 140 million years ago. But these were very simple and few plants. Traces of the wide development and distribution of angiosperms appeared about 100 million years ago.
One of the most important directions in the evolution of the plant kingdom is adaptation to the changing conditions of earthly life. Flowering plants are the clearest expression of this feature and are leading among all plants on the earth's surface at the present time.
To the widest geographical diversity is added a variety of forms and methods of growth. The common duckweed that covers the surface of the pond is a tiny green shoot with a simple root submerged vertically in the water, and with very indistinct leaves and parts of the stem. The mighty forest tree of the century developed its complex system of trunks and branches, covered with countless branches and foliage, and under the ground a powerful, well-developed root system occupies the corresponding area. Between these two extremes are endless species of aquatic and terrestrial grasses, creeping, upright or climbing, bushes and trees.
Man has been growing flowers since time immemorial. Monuments and documents found during excavations confirm that in different parts of our planet, long before our era, various flowering plants were grown to produce flowers and fragrant oils.
Floriculture is one of the areas of ornamental gardening. Floriculture is the cultivation of flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises, for cut flowers. Some plants are grown in open field, others - in greenhouses, greenhouses, rooms.
This is an integral part of all crop production, it covers a group of plants that are not used as food, but serve to decorate the environment and interiors.
An important role in floriculture, as well as in crop production in general, is played by the rules of planting and growing. cultivated plants, timing and methods of obtaining and preserving seeds capable of producing high-quality sprouts.
Studying the processes occurring in the seed after planting, monitoring the growth and development of plants are ways to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge.

Reproduction of flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce different ways. With the vegetative type of reproduction, all the characteristics of the plant are completely copied: flower color, height, features of the stem, root system, etc. For vegetative propagation, any part of the plant is needed - the parent, whether it be a root, stem or leaf.
Sexual reproduction involves the use of seeds. For most flowering plants, this method is optimal. In order for full-fledged plants to grow from seeds, they must be sown according to certain rules, subject to many conditions, such as: sowing time, temperature regime, soil characteristics.
SEED - the germinal stage of a seed plant, formed in the process of reproduction. Inside the seed is an embryo, consisting of an embryonic root, a stalk and one or two leaves, or cotyledons.
The seed is the basis of the existence of the modern flora and fauna. Without a seed, there would be no forests, meadows, steppes, grain fields on the planet, there would be no birds and ants, bees and butterflies, humans and other mammals. All this appeared only after the plants in the course of evolution had seeds, inside which life can, without declaring itself in any way, be preserved for weeks, months and even for many years. The miniature plant germ in the seed is capable of traveling long distances; he is not tied to the earth by roots, like his parents; does not need water or oxygen; he waits in the wings to get to a suitable place and wait for favorable conditions, to begin development, which is called the germination of the seed.

Seed germination, seedling growth
In most plants, even under favorable conditions, the seeds do not germinate for a certain time. At this time, in the seed, the processes of metabolism and energy conversion (in particular, respiration) almost stop, and the water content is no more than 10-15%.
For seed germination, a combination of such conditions is necessary: ​​sufficient humidity, the presence of air, a certain temperature, and for some, even light.
Each plant species has its own requirements for seed germination conditions.
Once in favorable conditions, the seed absorbs water and swells. At the same time, its respiration increases, reserve nutrients are transferred into a form available for consumption by the embryo (for example, insoluble starch turns into soluble sugars). Some of these substances are used to provide the cells of the embryo with energy, and the other part is used to form compounds necessary for growth.
A plant from the moment of germination is called a seedling. First, the germinal root sprouts, and only then - the kidney. The root breaks through the seed coat and grows deep into the soil, as it reacts to the force of gravity of the Earth, and the shoot, on the contrary, rushes up to the surface of the soil. This direction of growth of the germinal root and shoot does not depend on how the seed is located in the soil.
During storage of seeds, some of the embryos may die from pest damage, drying out, or other causes.
Another condition for obtaining healthy seedlings is the correct sowing depth of seeds. When sowing at insufficient depth, the seeds can dry out and die due to lack of moisture. And, conversely, when sowing too deep, it is difficult for a seedling to break through a thick layer of earth and it appears weakened on the soil surface. In addition, the content of oxygen necessary for the respiration of seedlings decreases with depth in the soil.
Seed germination ends with the transition of the seedling to nutrition through the roots and other parts of the plant. Therefore, the creation of conditions that are optimal for seed germination, and, consequently, for increasing seed germination, is one of the prerequisites for obtaining healthy and viable plants.

Practical part. Growing plants at home
Preparatory work
For growing plants at home, seeds of two types of flowers were purchased: marigolds and nasturtium. The choice was made taking into account the fact that these types of flowers are quite unpretentious in care, germinate quickly and give beautiful large flowers.
In addition, pea seeds were purchased for comparison, which also has a fairly short germination time.
A special flower soil was also chosen, containing all the minerals necessary for future plants.
The required amount of soil was distributed over three small pots for seedlings.
After studying the rules for planting each type of seed indicated on the package of seeds, we proceeded to planting and further monitoring of the seeds.

planted plants
TAGETS (Tagetes) - The Latin name comes from the name of Tadis, the grandson of Jupiter, who taught people to predict fate and find treasures.
The homeland of marigolds is South and Central America. In the 16th century, along with many plants (potatoes, corn, etc.), they were brought to Europe and North Africa, from where they quickly spread throughout Europe.
Marigolds came to our country around the 18th century and were then called "African flowers". However, this name did not last long. The Russians called these flowers marigolds because of the velvety of their petals.
You can grow seedlings of marigolds on the windowsill on the sunny side. The soil should be loose, nutritious and fertile. At the time of sowing, the soil should be moist. Seeds are planted in grooves to a depth of 1 cm and at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other. After that, the seeds must be sprinkled with a layer of soil no more than 0.5 cm in height, watered and put in a warm place. Water the seeds should be no more than 1-2 times a day, as the soil dries. Seedlings should appear in 3-5 days.
Nasturtium (beauty, capuchin, tropeolum). Belongs to the capuchin family. The name comes from the Greek words "tropion" - trophies and "olos" - full (the leaves of nasturtium look like shields, and the flowers look like helmets, that is, they resemble the ancient weapons of a warrior).
In Russia, this plant, brought from Holland, was known as capuchin, which is associated with the shape of the flower itself, imitating the hood of a monastic cloak. Later, however, the name "nasturtium" stuck.
The plant is undemanding to growing conditions, with bright flowers. Growing nasturtium requires fertile soil, good sunlight, and frost protection. Seedlings should be placed on the brightest window sill or on a glazed loggia. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm in 2 pieces. Nasturtium prefers moderate watering.
Peas - annual herbaceous plant of the legume family, having a fruit - a bean, and seeds - a pea.
The history of pea cultivation goes back at least 3,000 years. In the Middle East, the remains of pea dishes were discovered, which are at least 10 thousand years old. Peas were widely cultivated in ancient India and Ancient China where it is a symbol of fertility and wealth. in ancient Greece and Ancient Rome peas were the main food of the poor people. After the peas were brought from France, they quickly became very popular in Russia.
Before planting, pea seeds must be soaked for several hours. Seeds are sown in boxes or pots with moist and loose soil. Peas are sown very densely - every 1-2 cm in a row. Row spacing 2-3 cm. Planting depth 2-3 cm.
Pea care consists in watering, weeding, loosening and top dressing, protection from pests. When the seedlings get stronger and begin to grow, rods are substituted for the plants, clinging to which with antennae, peas can grow vertically.

First day
Planting marigold flower seeds
This is what marigold seeds look like, ready for planting

Planting peas
What dry seeds look like
Seeds must be soaked for several hours before planting.
Plant seeds after soaking
Planting nasturtium flowers
What dry seeds look like
Water after planting in a pot.
Inside the flower seed looks something like this

The peel protects the seed from external influences.
The endosperm is a storehouse of nutrients. Thanks to him, the plant can begin its growth after planting. When the seed germinates, the nutrients from the endosperm enter the root, stalk and bud through the cotyledon.
Cotyledon, bud, stalk and root - the embryo of the future plant. From the kidney - leaves, from the stalk - the stem, from the root - the root, from the cotyledons - the first 2 leaves.
From each part of the embryo and seed, a certain part of the plant develops.

All conditions were created for the growth of the plant: light, watering, warmth, care.
Seed germination has begun.
Schematically, the process of flower growth is as follows:

Or more clearly:

The first sprouts of marigolds appeared on the 4th day after planting

On the eleventh day after planting (the seventh after the appearance of the sprout)
Marigolds grow slowly. By the end of the second week after planting:

On the eighteenth day:

In three weeks, the height of the sprout was only three centimeters.
In 6-7 weeks such flowers should have bloomed

The first sprouts of nasturtium appeared on the 7th day after planting

Nasturtium grows rapidly, more than 1 cm per day. The reason for such rapid growth is also that in winter there is little light in the room and the sprouts struggle to reach the window to get more sunlight.

Seventh day after seed germination

The sprouts reach for the light

Beginning of the second week after emergence:

Turn towards the light source

They grew quite large, more than 30 cm in two weeks.

The seedlings did not have enough light and heat to set flowers in winter. The first flowers should appear about two months after emergence.
Such nasturtium flowers should have bloomed

The peas did not germinate a single seed. Most likely, the seeds were old and did not have enough moisture and heat for sprouts to appear.

conclusions
Dry seeds contain the beginnings of future LIVING plants, but in a "sleepy" state.
Conditions for seed germination are light, air, water, minerals.
Seed germination begins when water enters the seed. Having penetrated into the seed, water causes it to swell - the seed slightly increases in volume. At the same time, reserve nutrients found in the endosperm and cotyledons pass into a soluble state and become available to the cells of the living embryo.
If there are few reserve nutrients in the seed, as happened with the seeds of peas and marigolds, then the development of the embryo occurs slowly or does not begin at all, and the embryo dies.
the importance of heat and light is very great. With a lack of lighting (winter period, dark rooms) plants tend to an available light source, stretch, leaves and stems become weak and light.
when planting, it is very important to follow all the rules for this plant: planting dates, hole depth, thermal and light conditions. Without these conditions, the desired result may not be achieved.

Bibliography
Raven P., Evert R., Eickhorn S. Modern botany, vol. 2. M., 1990
Collier Encyclopedia. - Open society. 2000.
"Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A. P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)
www.wikipedia.org

My grandmother loves to grow indoor plants because they decorate the apartment, cheer up. I help my grandmother plant them, take care of them. Recently, we have become interested in rare plants. Once I learned from a TV program that it is possible to grow an exotic plant from a stone in our region. I wanted to try it myself. I consulted with my grandmother and my teacher, they agreed to help me in this experiment. So experiment and observation, which is integral part any experiment, will be the main methods in the course of the research work.

Hypothesis my work: suppose that at home, not only lemon, date, but also mango can be grown from seeds.
We decided to buy dates, mango and lemon. When the fruits were eaten with pleasure, fresh seeds and bones remained in the palm of your hand, just extracted from the ripe pulp, which means that they are quite viable and ready for growth. For some reason, I believe that they will grow out of them beautiful plants that will take root in the house for many years, and I want to give them this chance.

Target: grow plants from mango, lemon and date seeds.

Tasks:
1. Learn to take care of plants on your own.
2. Learn as much as possible about the planted plants, study the reference literature about them.
3. To develop industriousness, endurance.
4. To form the ability to observe, compare, analyze.
5. To cultivate a responsible attitude and interest in indoor plants as objects of the surrounding world.

The human need for plants is high. In addition to the decorative effect, the leaves of these plants attract toxins, gases, dust. You can grow them at least because they have a phytoncidal effect.

planting
landing conditions. Soil composition.
Expanded clay drainage. Product of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles". Prevents acidification of the soil. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to endure periods of forced drought. Additive to flower peat soils. The volume of soil in the package is 2 liters. City of St. Petersburg, st. Lensoviet №58.
Nutrient soil "Palma" (fully prepared, neutral). Contains biohumus. Products of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles".
Particularly effective for growing large specimens ornamental plants: palm trees (date, chamerops and others), ficus, dracaena. Production city Saint-Petersburg, st. Lensoviet №58.
Fertilizer based on biohumus "Ideal", universal. Origin: liquid fraction of a natural waste product of earthworms. Recommended: for fertilizing all types of vegetable, fruit, berry, green, flower crops and seedlings, as well as for soaking seeds and rooting cuttings. Manufactured in Moscow.
Remedy for soil pests "Flyeater". It is used to combat soil flies and fungal gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August". City of Troitsk, Moscow region.

Conclusion: The study of recommendations for planting plants and instructions for use, as well as the analysis of the composition of ready-made universal products intended for growing all types of flower crops, is preparatory work before conducting an experiment on growing fruit plants.

1

Bragina Yu.Yu. (Usolye-Sibirskoye, GOKU "Sanatorium Boarding School No. 4")

1. Bagrova L.A. I know the world. Plants. Children's encyclopedia. - M.: Publishing house AST, 2002. 510 p.

2. Bernie D. Trees. Facts, findings, discoveries. – M.: Makhon Publishing House, 2010. 64 p.

3. Tree life. – M.: Makhon Publishing House, 2014. – 32 p.

4. Cutler K., Russell T. Trees of the world. Illustrated encyclopedia. – M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2014. – 256 p.

5. Kovalchuk V.P. Collection of methods for the study of soils and plants. - Kyiv: Publishing house Trud-GriPol-XXIvik, 2010. - 252 p.

6. Mettel R. Big Book about forests and trees. - M.: Publishing house Klever Media Group, 2014. - 56 p.

7. Neumyvalkin I.P. Aloe. Myths and reality. – M.: Publishing House of Dilya, 2008. – 128 p.

8. Pansyu M., Goteru J. Handbook. Soil analysis. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the COP "Professiya", 2014. - 800 p.

9. Purcell L. Trees: beauty and harmony. Photo album. – M.: Hummingbird Publishing House, 2013. – 544 p.

10. Ride J., Ride M. Trees heal. Everything about healing power trees. - M .: Publishing House "My World", 2006. - 144 p.

11. Fomin G.S., Fomin A.G. The soil. Quality control and environmental safety according to international standards. - M: Publishing House Protector, 2001. - 305 p.

12. Hession D. All about indoor plants. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2004. - 258 p.

13. Hession D.G. All about ornamental trees and shrubs. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2007. - 128 p.

14. Chamovits D. Secret knowledge of plants. What flowers and trees see, hear and understand. – M.: Tsentrpoligraf Publishing House, 2015. – 224 p.

On our planet, there is a huge variety of trees that amaze people with their amazing forms, fruits, and amazing beauty. We are all used to how the trees around us look like in everyday life, so if we see something that does not look like them, at first we cannot even believe that such unusual trees exist. IN modern world many exotic trees are grown in room conditions. It's wonderful when a piece of the beauty of our planet is in your house on the windowsill. And it's just a miracle when you have your own decorative mini tree plantation.

Many exotic trees that are not typical for our Siberian climate can be grown at home. You experience a feeling of delight when a planted plant suddenly appears from the soil, and a fragile sprout gradually turns into a tree. This is your "Wonder Tree"!

Purpose of the study- monitoring the growth of exotic trees indoors and outdoors, studying the method of seed germination and plant growth with Aloe vera juice, creating a biofertilizer based on natural components.

Were supplied tasks:

1. Study the literature on the variety of exotic trees.

2. Pick up and plant tree seeds.

3. Care for plants indoors for 2 years.

4. Watch the growth of trees in the open field in summer.

5. Learn methods of germination and growth of plants with Aloe vera juice.

6. Make a fertilizer based on natural ingredients.

The relevance of the study is related to the study of the germination and growth of ornamental exotic trees in indoor conditions, the improvement of their growth characteristics based on the use of Aloe vera juice and empirically produced biofertilizer.

The novelty of the chosen topic. For the first time, guided by generally accepted methods, the author of the work independently at home made a liquid biofertilizer from natural components, the composition of which has no analogues. Experiments were carried out using fertilizer on indoor trees, practical results were obtained and conclusions were drawn.

The proposed hypothesis. Is it possible to grow a "Wonder Tree" with your own hands at room conditions? How to do it competently from a scientific and practical point of view?

The objects of the study were exotic trees that were independently grown by the author of the work.

Research methods:

1. Natural.

1.1. Observation of the germination of plants from seeds.

1.2. The study of tree growth in room conditions and open ground.

The research consisted in determining a number of plant parameters:

a) the external characteristics of trees in summer and winter periods years: growth rate of plants, survival rate during transplantation, flowering;

b) the number of germinated seeds and the length of the first leaf using Aloe vera juice;

c) seed germination and external characteristics of grown trees after the application of biofertilizer.

2. Experimental.

2.1. The method of seed germination according to the international standard ISO 11269-1 and the use of the computer program CorelDRAW.

2.2. Preparation of a solution from natural ingredients (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash, Aloe vera juice).

2.3. Determination of the acidity of the medium using universal indicator paper.

Practical significance. Research expands the understanding of growing exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Liquid biofertilizer, first produced by the author of the work, can be recommended for practical purposes.

How to grow a "Wonder Tree" from an "ordinary bone"

Work started in October 2014. The idea of ​​its creation appeared after reading a poem by K.I. Chukovsky "Wonder Tree". According to literary sources, the diversity of the planet's trees was studied and the first report was compiled. Trees are known to be the lungs of our planet. Without trees, man would not be able to exist on earth. There are many trees on our planet. According to famous biologists, there are more than one hundred thousand varieties of trees. Their diversity is amazing, and the beauty and splendor is mesmerizing. Scientists have long proven that trees have a beneficial effect on the human body. While walking through the forest, you get a charge of vivacity and a great mood.

There are magical and wonderful places on our planet where dairy, bread, sausage, cheese, candy, strawberry, chocolate, grape and melon trees grow. What are the most unusual and amazing trees in the world? According to the literature, species of trees were selected, the seeds of which can be grown in room conditions.

The stores sell lemon, orange, tangerine trees with fruits and it is hard to believe that the same plant can grow in your home. Growing a lemon, orange, pomegranate from a seed is much more interesting than buying ready-made plants. The main thing, we must always remember that it is not difficult at all and quite accessible to everyone. Shop-bought fruit seeds are interesting because you never know what will grow out of them. Seedlings almost always do not retain the varietal characteristics of their parents. If everything is done correctly, the plants will be healthy, strong and initially adapted specifically to your home conditions. Over time, you realize that this is a rewarding job - for patient, caring and responsible "testers". Eat fruit, plant seeds and wait for sprouts - this is the beginning of your miracle.

Selection of tree seeds, their sowing and the appearance of the first shoots

At the second stage of the work, the question was raised: “Is it possible to grow a Miracle Tree at home?”. Seeds were planted to achieve this goal indoor trees, which were bought in a flower shop: Dwarf Pomegranate, Orpheus Nightshade, Red-leaved Hibiscus, several types of ornamental palm trees. These plants were chosen because they are not very whimsical for indoor conditions. In addition, fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were taken to test the recommendations for growing trees from the "ordinary stone". Seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were planted in large quantities in order to conduct further experiments, as well as to create a useful vitamin herbal tea from the leaves of these plants.

Experience has shown that the seeds are capable of fairly good germination: Red-leaved Hibiscus sprouted after 7 days, Dwarf Pomegranate - after 12 days, Orpheus Nightshade - after 25 days (Fig. 1). However, several types of palms did not sprout and showed a negative result. The best seedlings were obtained from fresh seeds. Fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange sprouted very amicably - in 12-15 days and developed well (Fig. 2). Within 9 months, observations were made on the growth rate of trees in room conditions. In mid-June 2015, the plants were transplanted into open ground, where observations continued.

Hibiscus (after 7 days) Pomegranate (after 12 days)

Orange (after 15 days) Nightshade (after 25 days)

Rice. 1. Plant shoots

Rice. 2. Friendly growth of plants from fresh seeds on the windowsill

Observation of plant growth in the open field

The experiment continued in summer period in natural conditions. All observations were made on suburban area(Usolsky district). The grown plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade were planted in open ground, without any additional shelter. For plants, the following indicators were studied: survival rate in open ground, growth (growth rate), flowering. All plants showed different results (Table 1). The best performance was noted for Nightshade. This plant took root very easily, grew well and gave abundant flowering. In second place was Orange, which had a slightly worse flowering compared to Nightshade. The pomegranate showed poor survival (after transplanting, the plants had to create more shaded conditions), the absence of flowering, but rather good growth in height. At the end of summer, the height of the plants was measured and the total growth was estimated (Table 1). The best results were shown by Nightshade and Orange. In the summer, Nightshade not only bloomed very well, but by the end of August - beginning of September, the plants were "hung" with beautiful orange-red berries.

Table 1

growth parameters ornamental trees outdoors in summer

For the autumn-winter period, several plants of each species were transplanted into room conditions, where the study of their growth characteristics continued (Fig. 3), from the remaining plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade, leaves were collected for herbal tea.

Nightshade Orange

Rice. 3. Type of trees before transplanting into open ground (a) and after (b)

Seed germination method with Aloe vera juice

Given the fact that the seeds of several types of palm trees could not germinate, we decided to conduct an experiment on seed germination with a natural biostimulant, which was used Aloe vera juice. The seed germination method was carried out according to the international standard ISO 11269-1. According to the methodology and application of the international standard, wheat seeds were selected. In order for the experiment to be performed correctly, wheat seeds were taken tested, with good germination (variety "Irkutsk winter"). The action of Aloe juice, as a growth biostimulant, was experimentally tested on seed germination, growth and development of the tested ornamental trees. Not everyone knows that Aloe is a good growth biostimulant for other plants, which is due to its beneficial vitamin composition.

The experiment took place in several stages. Its implementation was carried out independently by the author of the work at home (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Stages of the experiment on the germination of seeds with Aloe vera juice (international standard ISO 11269-1)

Consultations regarding seed germination were held with employees of the Small School Academy on the basis of SIFIBR SB RAS, Irkutsk.

Experiment progress

1. Varietal wheat seeds were washed in purified water and 25 seeds were placed in plastic cups with lids (6 seeds).

2. 10 ml of water was added to each cup. Then only 3 cups were isolated and 3 drops of fresh Aloe vera juice were added to them. Thus, it turned out that the experiment was carried out in triplicate.

3. The experiment showed that seeds germinate much better with Aloe vera juice (23-24 seeds out of 25), without juice - worse (21-22 seeds out of 25). After 24 hours, the germinated seeds were transferred to special Petri dishes, where the experiment continued. 5 ml of water were added to the cups. Seeds that were originally treated with Aloe vera juice were in separate labeled cups.

4. On the 3rd day of the experiment, the seeds had good roots and the first leaf began to emerge. It was necessary to transfer the germinated seeds into special, higher cups for their further growth.

5. On the 5th day of the experiment, measurements were made of the first leaf of plants in computer program(Fig. 5). To do this, the seedlings were removed from the cups and then they were scanned while maintaining the size of the resulting image. The resulting pictures were transferred to the CorelDRAW graphics program, where the length of the first sheet in mm was measured using a special ruler. The experiment showed that with Aloe vera juice, the length of the first leaf is 1.6 times longer (Table 2). Thus, during the experiment, it was proved that Aloe vera juice really improves seed germination and plant growth.

table 2

Values ​​for measuring the length of the first sheet

Rice. 5. Measuring the length of the first sheet in the computer program CorelDRAW

Experiment to create a liquid biofertilizer based on natural components

The experiments continued, a liquid biofertilizer was made based on natural components. The composition of the fertilizer included: biohumus - source organic matter; vermiculite - a source of minerals; birch ash - a source of plant nutrients; Aloe vera juice is a source of vitamins. The composition of the fertilizer has no analogues. When creating it, we were guided by the advice of the employees of the Small School Academy and by reading special literature on caring for indoor plants. The experiment was carried out independently by the author of the work (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Stages of the experiment on the creation of liquid biofertilizer based on natural components

Experiment progress

1. On special scales, the following were weighed into separate cups: vermicompost - 20 g; vermiculite - 10 gr; birch ash - 1 gr. The work was carried out in duplicate. The components were poured through a funnel into flasks and filled up to the mark (200 ml) with purified water. Guided by the method of preparation of soil extracts.

2. The solutions stood for 24 hours, after which they were mixed and filtered. 20 drops of Aloe vera juice were added to each flask.

3. The acidity of the medium was measured in solutions. It turned out that the results correspond to pH 7, which characterizes the liquid fertilizer medium as the most favorable for the growth and development of plants.

In the practical application of this fertilizer, we found that the seeds of Orange, watered with biofertilizer when planting, sprout much faster and more amicably (Fig. 7). However, before application, the fertilizer must be diluted. The following dilution showed good results: 1 part fertilizer + 5 parts water. It was also noted that spraying plants with liquid biofertilizer (Fig. 8) increases their growth rate and increases their aesthetics. appearance, the leaves of plants become more green and glossy.

Rice. 7. Planting seeds (a) and seedlings of plants using biofertilizer (b) and without (c)

Rice. 8. Results of treatment of Orange plants with biofertilizer

Conclusion

Studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors. It was found that growing exotic trees from stones is a difficult task, although very useful, not everyone dares to do this. First, you need almost limitless patience, and secondly, you need to make an effort, because seeds and sprouts will need your constant attention. But the result will certainly exceed expectations.

In the course of the experimental part of the work, the following conclusions were obtained:

1. Trees must be transplanted into open ground in summer. Under natural conditions, plants have good growth, they bloom profusely, fruits appear, and in the future they better tolerate the winter period.

2. Aloe vera juice is a very good bio-stimulator for seed germination, and plants grown with the juice are healthier, stronger, and have better aesthetic characteristics.

3. Biofertilizer, prepared independently on the basis of a complex of natural ingredients (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash) and Aloe vera juice, showed good practical results.

4. Exotic trees from fresh seeds (for example, Orange, Pomegranate, Nightshade), grown both indoors and outdoors, can be used for herbal tea, plant leaves contain a complex of vitamins and have beneficial properties.

Thus, with the desire and diligence, you can always grow exotic tree on your windowsill. With proper care of the plant, you can get an excellent result. IN ordinary apartment you will have your own "Wonder Tree". After all, growing plants is a combination of beauty, kindness and benefit. All you need is a little magic in your heart!

Bibliographic link

Shergina A.V. EXPERIENCE IN GROWING EXOTIC TREES (EXPERIMENTS USING ALOE VERA AND CREATING BIODOBERNIA) // International School Scientific Bulletin. - 2016. - No. 1. - P. 53-60;
URL: http://school-herald.ru/ru/article/view?id=8 (date of access: 04/03/2020).

Growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home. I managed to grow tropical plants at home. The results of my work can be found practical use: grown beautifully flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or as a gift to friends and family.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 6"

Research

Growing tropical plants at home

Completed by: Tkachenko Alexandra

Grade 9

Head: Nemirovich Natalia Nikolaevna

biology teacher

Sergiev Posad

2018

1. Introduction

2. Main body

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Biology of avocado

2.1.2 Useful properties of avocado

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. biology mango

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?

2.3. pomelo

2.3.1. Biology pomelo

3. Practical part

3.1. Growing avocados

3.2. Mango cultivation

3.3. Growing pomelo

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

A rare apartment does without greenery, but not many people decide to take on the cultivation of tropical plants at home. Unpretentious bushes are usually settled on the windowsills, which can be watered from time to time and only occasionally fertilized.Houseplants look wonderful in the interior of houses and apartments, have a positive effect on well-being, refresh the atmosphere, please the eye and soothe. In a flower shop, of course, the heart stops in front of the shelves with lush foliage, beautiful flowers and outlandish names, but with the mind everyone understands that these are museum exhibits, nothing more, and such miracles are simply not capable of growing in an apartment, because they come from the tropics.But sometimes you want something original, unusual, rare, something that could surprise guests and be proud of. This is about exotic plants that can be grown indoors. Avocado, pomelo, pomegranate, pineapple, bonsai, cypress, jasmine and many other wonderful plants can decorate your home. In my work, I will tell you how I grew tropical plants in room conditions.

Purpose of work: Creating a favorable climate in the rooms for tropical plants.

Tasks:

• Learn to recognize indoor plants and care for them;
• Develop aesthetic perception in interior design;
• Improve artistic taste.
• To develop cognitive interest in students by introducing them to search and design creative work.

Expected results:

• Be able to identify indoor plants;
• Be able to grow tropical plants from seeds;
• Know how to care for indoor plants;
• Be able to perform planting techniques, take care of plants;

2. Main body

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Biology of avocado

The history of the use of avocados dates back at least 7 thousand years, but they began to actively cultivate it in the middle of the 18th century, however, the fruit quickly spread around the planet. Avocado came to Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and nowadays it is bred in 50 countries of the world.

Avocados can be pear-shaped, oval or spherical in shape, up to 10 cm long and weighing up to 1.5 kg. In total, more than 200 varieties of this fruit grow in the world, only a few species are sold in Russia. Most of us folks don't even think about it. But the type of avocado depends on its fat content, texture and taste.

Avocado ("alligator pear") - a species of evergreen fruit plants from the genus Perseus of the Laurel family. The shape of an avocado can be ovoid, more often pear-shaped. A ripe avocado has a green or dark green color, tender oily pulp and a stone inside. Avocados ripen after harvest. Unripe avocado fruits are delivered for export and to stores, which ripen during the period of transportation and sale of the fruit.

Avocados are native to central Mexico. Avocados are now grown in many tropical and Mediterranean countries due to their commercial viability.

The taste of an unripe avocado resembles that of a pumpkin or an unripe pear, the flesh is firm and the skin is hard. But a ripe avocado has a delicate pulp with a taste of mashed greens and butter with a subtle nutty aftertaste, and when pressed, a hollow remains on the peel.

A ripe avocado, or rather its flesh is subject to enzymatic browning, it turns brown rather quickly as a result of contact with air. To prevent this, after peeling the avocado, sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice.

This exotic fruit has a rich composition, including vitamins and minerals.

2.1.2. Useful properties of avocado.

Avocado has a lot useful properties. First of all, avocados are valued for their ability to suppress and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Thus, avocados can prevent breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Avocados contain more carotenoids, lutein, than any other fruit we eat. Lutein protects against molecular degeneration and cataracts, which are age-related eye diseases.

Avocados are high in beta-sitosterol, a compound that helps lower blood cholesterol levels. In support of this, a study was conducted in which 45 volunteers participated, who had to eat one avocado after a meal for a week. As a result of the study, excellent results were achieved, cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 17%, and this was only in one week.

One cup of mashed avocado pulp contains 23% of the recommended daily allowance folic acid, and its regular use, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of a stroke attack and the development of other cardiovascular diseases.

Regular consumption of avocado strengthens the immune system, relieves fatigue and irritability. Avocado has a tonic effect, increasing physical endurance and activity, resistance to stress.

The benefits of avocados bring to our health a lot, but the harm that it can have is rather small. Avocado can cause harm to health only in case of individual intolerance. And yet, you should not try “on the tooth” a stone and avocado leaves, as they contain toxic substances that can cause allergies or digestive problems.

Today, avocados are used in many salads and sauces. This fruit is loved all over the world. But few people know about its beneficial properties, which, by the way, are not few!

Avocado is rich nutrients and at the same time very high in calories. It contains 245 calories per 100 grams of product. However, it does not contain harmful fats and sugar, so it is actively included in the diet.

The composition of avocados includes components that prevent the formation of cholesterol in the blood and break down the already accumulated. So for those who like to eat a sandwich with tea for breakfast, I advise you to replace the butter and cheese with the pulp of a ripe avocado with olive oil and a little salt.

Avocados hold the record for vitamin E content, so in winter, when the skin is a little dry and the lips are chapped, avocados are especially useful!

Believe it or not, avocado contributes to the anti-aging protection of cells and stimulates their oxygen enrichment. It includes natural hormones and other biologically active substances that have a rejuvenating effect on the human body.

The beneficial properties of avocados have also been used by manufacturers of cosmetics. Avocado is an excellent source of glutathione, an important antioxidant that plays an important role in preventing aging, which is why avocado extract is included in the anti-aging cream. It is also used in moisturizing and cleansing skin creams, as well as sunscreens, lipsticks, bath oils, conditioners andvitamin hair mask .

Avocado oil has the highest level of penetration into the skin and has an excellent emollient and soothing effect on it.

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. Biology of mango.

The mango (Indian mango tree) is an evergreen tree originally native to India, where, as in Pakistan, it is now considered the national plant. Under natural growing conditions, depending on age and variety, its height can reach from ten to forty-five meters, and the crown diameter is from five to twenty. Delicious mango fruits are called "fruits of the gods".

The fruit of the mango tree has an oblong and rounded shape, slightly compressed from the sides. The shiny skin of the fruit is quite smooth and dense to the touch. If the fruit is not ripe, then the peel of the fruit is green.

To date, a huge number of varieties of mangoes are known, the fruits of which have a different weight and color of a dense, smooth skin. The average weight of a fruit ranges from two hundred grams to one kilogram. The color can be white, greenish yellow, bright green, yellowish orange, red, black.

Depending on the variety, the shape of the fruit may be ovoid or spherical. They have juicy, fibrous flesh that is yellow or orange in color. When ripe, it has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. The aroma of fruits varies, it can resemble peach, apricot, rose, melon, pineapple, lemon. When cutting the fruit, inside it is impossible not to notice a large bone, which has a flat shape and a fleecy surface. The size of the seed (pit) is also quite impressive. In length, it can be from five to ten centimeters, and in weight up to fifty grams.

Mango is an exotic fruit for the northern latitudes, and therefore few residents of temperate climates know about the benefits of the fruit itself, how to use it correctly and what to be afraid of. Mangoes are grown in Southeast Asia, and India is the undisputed leader in this matter. It is in this country that about 70% of plantations different cultures that are purposefully cultivated by man are the mango trees. It is difficult to say what happened in the beginning: at first, the mango became a symbol of India and its national fruit, and therefore it is grown so much or vice versa, at first they began to grow it, and only then it became a symbol of India. Of course, one thing - it was India that became the birthplace of mango trees, the fruits of which in this country can be found in any grocery store, not to mention supermarkets.

There are many types of mangoes. According to some data, there are about 400 of them. So, the fruit itself is still being tried in more mythologize, giving it a direct relationship to something Indian. It is believed that there are exactly as many varieties of mango fruits as there are dialects in India itself.

Experts count from 800 to 1500 varieties of this fruit. But it should be noted that no more than fifty, or rather, 35 fruits of this wonderful fruit are suitable for consumption. A few centuries before our era, itinerant Buddhist monks introduced the inhabitants and merchants of East Asia to mangoes, and the Persians exported this fruit to East Africa.

Thus, mango has been known for more than 2.5 millennia, but, as we see, interest in it has not decreased over time, and in India itself it is used by both aristocrats and the poor. And so we should take a closer look at it.

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

There is no doubt that the fruit itself is very beneficial for health. Otherwise, it would not have been used with such persistence for more than 2.5 millennia, and the Americans would not have tried to bring it out more than 100 years ago in their latitudes.

Hundreds of peoples and thousands of generations cannot be wrong, which means that it makes sense to consider in more detail what all these people found in it so valuable, to whose wisdom we sometimes so often appeal.

The ancients noticed a long time ago that the use of the fruits of the mango tree prolongs life and warns the body against many diseases. Leaving for distant northwestern countries, merchants stayed on the road for a long time, and noted a decline in strength and shaky health, which were observed due to the absence of these fruits in the daily diet.

Later, scientists found that mango has a whole complex of useful substances and vitamins, its use has a preventive effect on a person, preventing the most serious diseases.

Regular consumption of mango leads to the fact that the blood vessels are strengthened, cholesterol is removed from the blood, and the heart muscle is strengthened, and its work is greatly improved.

The substances that this fruit contains also perform a hematopoietic function. It is these properties of the fruit that make it possible to avoid cardiovascular diseases, which today affect 15-17% of the inhabitants of countries in the post-Soviet space.

A comprehensive study by American and Australian scientists of the beneficial properties of mango has shown that daily consumption of this fruit relieves atherosclerosis, leads to normal blood sugar levels, which helps prevent the onset of a disease such as diabetes mellitus. In addition, the substances of this fruit reduce allergic and inflammatory processes in the body, improve brain function.

The huge content of vitamin A in mango has a stimulating effect on improving human visual functions, eliminates dryness of the cornea, helps to cope with diseases such as night blindness, and prevents cataracts and other eye diseases.

In addition to vitamin A, the fruit contains vitamins such as C, D and, of course, B vitamins. In addition to vitamins, mango contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. According to the composition of mineral substances, it is similar to an apple, and therefore has all the same consequences as when eating apples.

An English proverb says that by eating an apple a day, you save on doctors. This is fully true in relation to mango, the use of which strengthens the immune system, protects against acute respiratory infections, infections and colds.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

Excess is always bad. Everywhere and in everything. This fully applies to the use of the fruits of the mango tree. If you lean heavily on the use of these fruits, then the first thing that can be felt very quickly is an upset bowel.

Eating more than 2 fruits a day, you can feel a stabbing pain in the abdomen, as well as irritation of the throat mucosa. An allergic reaction to the fruit itself may follow.

A rash may well occur throughout the body, which clearly indicates an excessive ingestion of mangoes into the body. Despite the fact that, unlike many exotic fruits, mango does not require any adaptation period, nevertheless, it is worth remembering that it was brought from afar, which means that there are some restrictions in its use.

You can not use mango and those people who suffer from diabetes. The fact is that the fruit contains a lot of sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, xylose and others. This means that despite all the preventive effect of eating the fruit of the mango tree, diabetics will have to refuse it.

2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?

Every time you encounter a new type of food, you involuntarily wonder what to do with it. Mango is no exception. Faced for the first time with this fruit, they try to peel it, which, as described above, is not suitable for consumption, and eat it like an apple.

There are no contraindications to such use. The only disadvantage of such use is the huge risk that all hands will be in mango juice up to the elbow, and it will definitely get on the clothes. And this juice is displayed very badly, and you run the risk of parting with spoiled clothes forever. And if the process of eating mango takes place somewhere at a party, then you risk ruining the evening for yourself and your hosts.

To avoid such embarrassment, it is necessary to eat mangoes in more accurate ways. To do this, an incision is made along the entire length of the fruit on both sides, thus cutting off all the pulp from the fruit bone.

In the hands will be two halves of the fruit, which can be turned out with the pulp out, cutting it into small squares on the peel, which are very convenient to eat without risking getting dirty.

2.3. pomelo

2.3.1. Biology pomelo

The first mention of the use of pomelo dates back to 100 BC. The records are preserved in Chinese manuscripts. The homeland of the pomelo is considered to be Malaysia, the southeastern part of Asia, the islands of Fiji and Tongo. Pomelo is considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity, so in China this fruit is usually given on the eve of the Chinese New Year. For offerings to the gods and rituals, the fruit is used in Thailand. The pomelo was brought to European countries by a British navigator in the 14th century. To date, pomelo is cultivated on an export scale in China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Israel and Tahiti.

Pomelo ) are the citrus fruits of the evergreen tree of the same name. Pomelo is a relative of tangerines, oranges and grapefruit. By the way, this is not a type of grapefruit, but independent view. In size, it is much larger than the citrus fruits known to us. The taste is also slightly different. The birthplace of pomelo or pomeplius is the south of China and the equatorial islands of the Pacific Ocean. In particular, it is quite common in the Cook Islands. In the 15th century, pomeplius came to Europe, spread to Barbados, on the islands caribbean. Now quietly growing in Taiwan, southern Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Tahiti, California, and even Israel. Since this fruit was brought to Europe by the English navigator Sheddock, in some places the name after his name was assigned to it, it is called that - sheddog. At home in China, this fruit is especially popular. The Chinese consider this fruit a kind of symbol of prosperity and give it to New Year so that prosperity and good luck come to the house. Maybe that's why the Chinese kept these fruits a secret from strangers for so long. Pomelo trees are quite tall, sometimes reaching a height of 8-10 meters. The branches have large glossy leaves and many internal spines, some varieties without spines. Pamela blooms with large white flowers, the fruits grow either singly or in 6-8 pieces in close proximity to each other. The fruits are large, ranging in size from two to three kilograms, sometimes up to 10 kg are found. The peel is dense yellow-green. Under the peel are large slices and large seeds. The aroma is quite pleasant, like all citrus fruits. Pamela, although outwardly reminiscent of a grapefruit or an orange, is much larger in size, and the taste is also not at all the same, less sweet with a slight pleasant bitterness. The peel of the fruit is quite thick, and the slices are large, separated by rigid partitions. white color bitter taste. The color of a ripe pomelo can vary from light green to yellow-pink. The pink color usually acquires only one side, which during ripening was turned to the sun. The fruit is the champion among citrus fruits. Its diameter can be 30 cm, and its weight can reach 10 kg. The taste of pomelo is very close tograpefruit , however, the flesh is not as juicy and when peeled, the inner membranes are more easily separated from the edible part.

2.3.2. Useful and healing properties.

Pomelo contains a wide range of vitamins (, , IN 1 , AT 2 , B5), minerals ( calcium , potassium , iron , phosphorus , sodium ), fiber, essential oils and organic acids. Nutritionists consider this product to be useful and recommend its use while following a diet. This is due to the ability of pomelo to accelerate metabolic processes, which in turn leads to the burning of body fat and weight loss.

The high content of vitamin C in pomelo increases the body's resistance, helps fight viruses and bacteria, especially in the autumn-spring period. It is also used to reduce pressure, prevent the formation of blood clots in the vessels and tumors of various etymologies.

This fruit is very juicy, perfectly quenches thirst and hunger. Very rich essential oils, antioxidants and ascorbic acid. At home, pomelo is widely used in the treatment of colds. Pamela juice is rich in flavonoids, which weaken the action of free radicals that cause aging of cells, and also has antiseptic properties and the ability to strengthen immune system. Seed extract has been successfully used in the treatment infectious diseases skin and mucous membranes, in the treatment of eczema, fungal infections, psoriasis. The pulp of the fruit has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, it absorbs toxins, improves the breakdown of protein and fats, cleanses the liver, pancreas and intestines. In fact, pomelo is a natural antibiotic. It is successfully used for the prevention of the body with low hemoglobin, with atherosclerosis, with high blood sugar, with hypertensive heart disease. Pomelo improves vision at night. The use of pamela in nutrition increases hemoglobin. Local healers use pamela to prevent the development of cancerous tumors. To do this, use the peel, which contains a large amount of bioflavonoids that can stop the development of cancer cells. It is especially effective for the treatment of breast cancer in women. What does it look like from scientific point vision is not yet known, but there are very, very many positive examples.

1. Practical part

Growing tropical plants at home is easy. Everyone can do it, even those who have no experience in gardening. It is necessary to choose a plant and follow the method of growing it. Well, I chose avocados and mangoes, watched them, watered them, measured them. Now I have wonderful plants on my windowsill that continue to grow and delight me every day. Now I will tell you how to plant and care for them.

3.1. Growing avocados

3.1.1. Experience Description

1. Pull out the bone. Carefully cut the avocado so as not to damage the stone located in the center of the fruit. Make an incision 1.2 cm deep around the fruit, then unscrew the two halves in different directions. Carefully remove the bone and set aside.

2.Clean the bone. Rinse the bone carefully warm water, removing the remnants of the pulp with your hands. Do not use soap, and try not to damage the brown shell, otherwise the stone may deteriorate and not germinate.

3. Insert the toothpicks into the bone. Holding the pit with the pointed end up, insert four toothpicks into the middle of the pit, about 5mm deep, evenly spaced. Thus, the bone can be half immersed in water in a glass, without complete immersion.

4.Fill a glass or other container with water. Pour water up to the brim into a small narrow container (preferably glass). The stone should fit in this container without problems, but if the container is too wide, the toothpicks will not reach the edges and the stone will fall into the water.

5. Place the bone with inserted toothpicks on the edges of the container. The toothpicks should rest on the edge of the container, leaving the bone half submerged in the water. Make sure the sharp end of the pit is pointing up and the blunt end is in the water, otherwise the pit will not sprout.

6.Wait for germination. Place the container of avocados in a secluded area near a window or other well-lit area. Over time, roots and sprouts will appear.

3.1.2. Plant development observation. Avocado.

date	Changes	Leaf development
02.04	Put in water
25.04	A spine appeared
13.05	Planted in the ground
16.05	Plant growth: 5 mm
19.05	1.5 cm
20.05	2 cm
21.05	3cm
22.05	3.9 cm
25.05	6.5 cm
01.06	16 cm	3 cm
08.06	21 cm	6-7 cm
15.06	23 cm
22.06	24.5 cm
29.06	25 cm
06.07	28 cm
13.07	30 cm
20.07	32 cm	17cm
27.07	33 cm
03.08	34 cm
10.08	35.5 cm
17.08	37 cm

3.2. Mango cultivation

3.2.1. Experience Description

1. We extract the bone from a ripe fruit. To do this, cut it in half, take out the bone and clean it from the remnants of the pulp.

2. If the fruit is well ripened, perhaps the bone in it has already opened. Otherwise, you will need to open it yourself with a knife. This is done so that the sprout easily and freely penetrates the ground and quickly begins to develop. Remove the seed from the shell carefully so as not to damage it. If the bone is very dense and it is impossible to split it, leave it to ripen. To do this, wrap the bone with a wet napkin and place in a warm place. Do not forget to periodically add water so that the napkin always remains moist. It can take up to two weeks for a seed to germinate.

3. Pour drainage from pebbles into the bottom of the pot with a layer of 2 cm. Fill the pot with soil. Dig a hole up to 3 cm deep in the center, pour warm water over it and place the seed in the ground with the sharp end down so that a quarter of it remains above the ground. This part does not need to be covered. If you correctly position the seed, then its root will be at the bottom, and ¼ of its part on the surface. Now carefully water the planting.

4. We build a mini-greenhouse over the pot. To do this, cut plastic bottle and put the top with a lid on the pot. Now put the pot in a warm, well-lit place and wait for seedlings. Open the cap on the bottle periodically to allow air to enter. The bottle can be replaced cling film stretched over the surface of the pot.

5. The first shoots appear after about 3-4 weeks. During this time, remember to maintain moderate humidity and provide stable high temperature(not lower than 22–25 С°).

6. Young shoots need light, warmth and moisture. In addition to regular watering, spray the seedling.

7. A grown, strengthened seedling is planted in a more spacious pot filled with fertile soil.

3.2.2. Plant development observation. Mango.

date	Changes	Leaf development
02.04	planted
15.04	There was a post
16.04	4.5 cm
17.04	6 cm
20.04	7.8 cm
23.04	10 cm	8 cm
26.04	10.5 cm
28.04	11 cm
05.05	11 cm
12.05	11 cm
19.05	11 cm
26.05	12 cm	12 cm
02.06	16 cm
09.06	17 cm
16.06	17 cm
23.06	17 cm
30.06	17 cm
07.07	19 cm
14.07	21 cm
21.07	21 cm
28.07	21.3 cm
04.08	22 cm
11.08	22 cm
18.08	22 cm

3.3. Growing pomelo.

3.3.1. Experience Description

1. In order to grow a pamela fruit in your home, you first need to acquire seeds. To do this, you should buy fresh fruit in the store. For planting, it is worth choosing only the largest seeds-seeds and leaving them to dry for a while in the air.

2. Then you should take a saucer (or other shallow container) and cover its bottom with a napkin or cotton wool soaked in water. Then you need to put the seeds in a warm place, regularly wetting the napkin.

3. When the fruit seeds germinate, you will need to prepare another container for further cultivation culture trees. The bottom of the tank is recommended to be laid with drainage.

4. Pamela grows well at home in a regular soil mixture, which can be purchased at any flower shop. Pomelo seeds are planted in holes about 1.5-2 cm deep. At the same time, the roots should be directed down.

Conclusion.

My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home.I managed to grow tropical plants at home.The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or donated to friends and relatives.

In conclusion, I want to say that growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

Literature:

1. Plant care. 300 questions and answers by I. Krupichev, 2004.

2. Avadyaeva E.N. Houseplants, Moscow "Olma-PRESS" 2001
3. Nosov A. medicinal plants, Moscow, 1999
4. Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky, Moscow "Enlightenment" 2010
5. Serpukhova V.I. "Indoor plants", M., 1991
6. Stepura A. “Indoor plants. Practical encyclopedia”, Mir knigi publishing house, Moscow, 2004

Internet resources:

http://www.florets.ru

http://webgarden.livejournal.com/profile

http://www.rastenuya.ru/ficusosob.html