Do-it-yourself brick oven laying scheme. How to make a stove for a summer cottage out of bricks with your own hands: masonry rules and step-by-step instructions. Classification by intended use

What is home comfort? This is when it is warm in winter and cool in summer, walking on a pleasant to the touch, non-icing floor covering, comfortable furniture and a cozy bed for you and your children. Children fall asleep faster and sleep better when it is warm and comfortable to sleep on soft, children's mattresses. https://mebelsait.dp.ua/detskie-matrasy.

When you think about building your own home, there is a desire to make it warm and cozy. Modern gas and electric boilers, converters, etc., but they cannot create a cozy atmosphere. That is why stove heating again actively used.

The stove is a highlight of design, and an economical heating device. For laying the stove, it is much easier to find an experienced stove-maker. But this long-forgotten craft has just begun to gain popularity, and there are very few experienced stove-makers. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: “How to fold a brick oven with your own hands?”.

Properly laying out an oven requires a lot of effort, and you will also have to study many instructions for laying brick ovens.

Types of furnaces

The first step is to choose a stove that is right for you. The most popular are:

• Dutch;
• Russian;
• Swede.

Dutch

This design was created by Russian craftsmen. The design is not complicated and does not require much space. But this does not prevent her from giving off the accumulated heat well.

Russian oven

Large-sized and multifunctional oven. But its size justifies the presence - free space where you can relax. Under the bed there is a firebox, you can cook food in it. There is a stove next to the firebox, and a blower a little lower, which supports the fire. There is also a niche for freshly prepared food.

A Russian stove can easily warm up a room whose size exceeds 40 square meters. But for a full-fledged robot, a lot of raw materials will be required.

Swede

Relate to compact options. In length and width - 1 meter. The main function is to heat the room, but you can also cook food on it. The unusualness of such a stove is that a stove is built in the kitchen, and the rest will be in another part of the house.

This design is flammable. But the risk of fire is reduced by dampers.

Construction rules

A homemade oven must meet the requirements fire safety. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the preparation for construction.

• Decide on the location of the furnace.
• Prepare the correct drawing.
• Buy quality materials for construction.
• Purchase of tools.
• Draw up a cost estimate.

Properly drawn up drawings will become your main assistants, since it is the drawings of a homemade brick oven that help to avoid many mistakes. Ready Plans can be found on the internet.

When choosing an installation site, you need to take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and the type of furnace. It’s difficult to calculate everything on your own, so it’s easier to use a reduced brick oven model, a photo of which is on the Internet.

Choice of working tools

When laying the stove, measuring, construction and many other auxiliary tools are used:

• Jointing - floods the solution into the seams and gives the joints an aesthetic appearance. It will come in handy if the oven is left without cladding or plaster.
• Trowel.
• Pickaxe.
• Solution shovel.
• Plumb.
• Furnace line.

materials

The heat transfer and durability of the furnace will depend on the material that was used in the construction. Therefore, this stage is very important.

For cladding, ceramic bricks are used - grade M-500. It is insensitive to temperature changes. And the combustion chamber must be laid out only from refractory bricks.

In addition to brick, it is used:

• Screened sand.
• Clay - normal fat content.

Foundation for the furnace

basis for homemade oven done at the time of construction, since a brick oven requires a solid foundation

First dig a hole. It should be noted that the width and length of the pit should exceed the size of the foundation by 20 cm

After the pit is leveled, and half covered with sifted sand, well compacted and leveled. Waterproofing is laid on top of the sand, and formwork is placed. Then everything free space poured with a solution of concrete, bringing it to ground level. Be sure to check the surface for horizontality with the help of a building level.

After 5-6 days, the concrete should harden. After that, the formwork is disassembled, waterproofing is laid and the foundation is brought to the floor. There are two ways to bring the foundation to the floor:

• lay out of brick;
• re-build the formwork, filling it with concrete to the beginning of the floor. All voids are covered with sand, ramming it.

Recipe concrete mortar- one part of cement contains 2.5 parts of sand and four parts of gravel.

masonry process

The masonry mixture is prepared from sifted sand and clay. Clay is left in water for a couple of hours, after which it is sifted through a sieve.

First, the outer layer, which consists of bricks, is assembled, and then the middle. There should be no voids in the seams, so fill them with a clay mixture.

The first rows are built with solid bricks. The sutures of the first row require dressing. After the first rows are ready, the brick will have to be cut.

The chopped side of the brick should be inside the masonry. This rule is also used in the construction of smoke paths. The chimney is built of red burnt bricks. And the opening of the firebox is created using a metal corner, a “castle” layout.

Photo of brick ovens

Since ancient times, heating and cooking stoves have been present in homes. They acted as the main component of any country house. Nowadays, people living in private houses in the city also do not refuse to install this structure. It has not lost its functionality, so it is actively used by many.

Even if the house has a heating system that runs on gas or electricity, many do not have the desire to turn it on at full capacity in autumn days when the house gets cold. In this case, the stove will help to ensure a comfortable microclimate in the home. It is enough to throw a few logs into the firebox and the house will become warm pretty quickly.

If you decide to acquire this structure in your home, then the task of its construction must be approached with all seriousness because the oven is built to last for decades. It does not matter whether you are building a do-it-yourself heating stove or a stove with a stove. Therefore, if during construction process mistakes will be made, it will be extremely difficult to correct them later.

Speaking about furnaces, we note that they are divided into structures for one- and two-storey houses. The main difference between them is the height. The building being erected can have a stove or be used only for heating. In the second case, the slab is absent in it as an integral element. The height of the do-it-yourself oven depends on the number of rows in the scheme. Next, we will take a closer look at how to build a do-it-yourself oven with a stove in a private house.

masonry materials

Calculation of materials is extremely important point when laying the oven with your own hands. In addition, the quality of the structure affects its service life. The stovetop stove we are reviewing in this article usually measures 90 x 90 cm at the base. As for its height, the structure does not reach its highest point to ceiling the first floor by 2.1 m.

Before starting work on the construction of the furnace with your own hands, need to purchase materials in sufficient quantities to be used in its construction. During the work it is necessary:

• red brick M150 in the amount of 1085 pieces;
• silicate brick for the construction of the furnace 150 pcs. Instead, you can use fireclay;
• sand - 80-100 buckets;
• clay -200 kg;
• corner 50 × 50 mm and 40x40 mm;
• steel wire 2 mm - 25 m;
• metal sheet 4 mm 1.5 × 1.5 m;
• roofing material -3 m;
• asbestos cord 5 mm - 10 m;
• wall insulation material.

The construction of the foundation also requires the preparation of appropriate materials:

• sand;
• cement;
• fittings;
• crushed stone;
• formwork boards.

In addition, to build a full-fledged stove with a do-it-yourself stove, which can be used to heat your home and cook food, you will need to purchase cast-iron parts:

• grate -1 pc.;
• hob with two burners - 1 pc.;
• gate valves - 3 pcs.;
• two doors for the combustion chamber and the blower, 1 each;
• doors for cleaning - 5 pcs.

After the materials have been prepared and the builder has the right tools, you can proceed to the active phase of work.

Foundation

Accepting the fact that the structure being erected has a large mass, when building a foundation with your own hands perform its deepening not less than 80 cm. However, when conducting foundation work, one should take into account the climatic features of the area of ​​​​residence, as well as the depth of freezing. You can find out about this from local builders. Given all these points, a do-it-yourself oven built according to the chosen scheme will last a long time.

The foundation pit for the foundation to be built must have square shape. As for its dimensions, they should be 1.2 × 1.2 m. You can easily dig it with your own hands by resorting to hand tool- shovel.

After completion of excavation, the bottom of the pit is compacted. Then at her bottom making a pillow of sand, for which it is important to maintain an optimal layer thickness of 10-15 cm. Next, crushed stone is poured with a layer of 15 cm, which, after laying it, must be compacted, and then the formwork should be installed. This must be done with the expectation that it will pass through the entire thickness of the foundation.

The foundation for the future furnace is poured in several steps. The first layers may consist of mortar, which is made from cement and pebbles. The top layer must be poured with concrete made from sand and cement. Taking into account the weight of the structure, the solidification of the foundation should take a long time, at least three weeks. This is important, because otherwise the stove, built with your own hands, even according to the chosen scheme, won't last long. A crack in the foundation will lead to the need for repairs.

When the base of the furnace with the slab has gained sufficient strength, the formwork is removed, and the upper part of the foundation is covered with waterproofing material- three layers of roofing material. The first do-it-yourself brick laying will be carried out further on it.

Compared to a fireplace, the design of a do-it-yourself stove with a stove is more complex. Therefore, the construction scheme must be strictly observed.

Due to the fact that the area of ​​​​the foundation is larger than the base, markings should be made on the waterproofing. After that, you can proceed to the laying of the first row.

If used vertical layout masonry rows, it must be remembered that the chimney channels should not be too narrow. Their minimum size is 13 × 13 centimeters.

The ordinal scheme for laying out a heating and cooking stove assumes the following: already from the first rows of masonry, a blower chamber should be provided in its scheme. When the laying of the second row begins, the blower door is installed, which, before being installed in the opening intended for it, is wrapped with an asbestos cord.

When installing the door, a wire is wound to it, which is clamped between two bricks. When it is completely framed with masonry, the wire is bent to the sides.

When they reach the laying of the fourth row of the furnace, holes are indicated on it, designed for the circulation of heated air. On the fifth, the grate of the firebox is laid. When constructing the wall of the furnace and its threshold, it is permissible to use silicate bricks.

Installation furnace door performed on the sixth row. She, like the blower, is wrapped with an asbestos cord.

From rows 6 to 10, special attention must be paid to the shape of the holes that will ensure the movement of air inside the structure. The tenth row, if possible, must be fastened with a frame welded from a corner. On the 11th row, a hob is placed on a pre-laid asbestos gasket.

The corner is laid on the seventeenth row. The 18th row of masonry will fall on it, which will complete the framing of the chamber above the slab.

On the 19-20th rows of masonry, a drying chamber is formed. On the 19th row, the cleaning door is installed.

Once again, the metal corner is laid on the 24th row of masonry. On him a continuous row of bricks will be laid, which will become the ceiling of the dryer.

The door for cleaning is installed on the 25th row.

On the 30th row, two valves are being installed.

All subsequent rows up to the 38th are performed according to the scheme, and the next ones form part of the furnace, which goes to the second floor. Note that this part of the furnace has a different numbering in order. Its laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

• door installation is carried out on the 2nd-3rd row. It is used for cleaning;
• installation of a chimney valve is carried out on the 27th row;
• the part of the stove installed on the second floor should be in the form of a wide chimney. It must be equipped with a valve and a chamber. Gradually it is replaced by a narrow pipe, which begins at the level of the 32nd row.

An umbrella is put on the upper part of the pipe, which prevents dust and moisture from entering it.

Schemes of furnaces

Furnaces that are built in private houses with their own hands can currently be divided into two groups:

• modern devices;
• obsolete structures.

Do-it-yourself buildings of an outdated type are not a problem to build. However, they have an imperfect design, so most often in houses they put stoves with a stove that differ in their functionality.

If you decide to build a stove with a stove in your house or just a building for heating with your own hands, then you need to seriously approach the task of choosing them. Introduction to the benefits of stoves different designs will make right choice. If a private house already has a stove with an old-style stove, then in this case there is no need to build a structure from scratch. It is enough to redo it and you will have at your disposal equipment for heating and cooking.

To avoid mistakes during the rework process, you should first familiarize yourself with the video and various instructions on how professionals do this work. Also during the work it is necessary to use drawings. Applying the knowledge gained, you can get a good result at the end of the work - you will have a stove with a stove, built by yourself.

One of the common types of ovens is a two-story one. If we talk about its device, then, we note that it consists of two structures- one is on top of the other. Each of the parts of this structure has dimensions of 165x51x238 cm. During operation of the furnace, heat transfer in the lower part is 3200 kcal / h, and in the upper part - 2600 kcal / h.

When building such a structure with your own hands, two structures are separated from each other by means of brickwork with voids. This allows you to reduce the weight of the furnace and save during its construction a certain amount of material. The lining, which is used to fill the space between the upper and lower furnace, also acts as the basis for the first structure.

Both the upper furnace and the lower one have the same design. In the case under consideration, a channelless smoke circulation system is implemented. Once in the firebox, the gases move into the upper cap, which is equipped with a special nozzle. After the gases cool down, they sink to the bottom to the level of the firebox. Then they go into the chimney through the liner.

At the lower furnace, the chimney runs in the upper part, so the heating surface is smaller. The upper structure has a separate chimney. The process of its laying does not contain difficult moments. The scheme of gas movement is also simple. In the back wall there is a door through which the lower structure must be cleaned. Cleaning the top structure must be through the door. located in the side wall. As fuel for a double-deck oven, you can use either coal or anthracite. Each of the pipes created in this furnace is additionally equipped with a valve.

A reinforced concrete slab is often used to cover the top of voids. This overlapping option provides stability, and in addition makes the design of the furnace as a whole more stable. When performing masonry of such a volume, errors should be excluded. Indeed, in the event of their occurrence, repair will be extremely difficult.

With great attention should be approached to the device of the chimney located in the lower structure of the furnace. If there are leaks in the masonry, then in this case may experience heat leakage from the wall which separates the pipes on the second floor. Note that this will also happen when the smoke dampers are closed.

Ovens with a stove or any other type can be combined into any array, regardless of whether they have a square or rectangular shape. No type of fuel either. special significance. For country house a do-it-yourself oven can become ideal option heating.

An oven of this design has dimensions of 102x102x238 cm. If we talk about its heat transfer during operation, then it is 4200 kcal per hour.

One of its important parts, the firebox, has a great height in the design of this furnace. The symmetrical arrangement is also characteristic of its side openings, which serve to remove gas through the side chambers of the furnace walls located on the sides of the structure. Once there, the gas descends through the chambers, the connection of which is provided by a special channel located under the firebox.

Gases enter the risers from each side chamber through the lower vents. Then they rise to the side chambers located at the top. All together they form the top cap, which has three U-shaped cavities in its composition.

The cavities are parallel to each other. Having got up, the gas will linger in the middle and rear cavities of the cap, and after its cooling, it will pass into the front plane along the lower part. The front plane is connected to the plug-in type chimney. From there, the gas will escape into the atmosphere.

The design of this furnace provides for three caps: the top and 2 large chambers. If we talk about the type of fuel that can be used in the construction of this structure, we note that it can be any. For laying out the walls of the firebox during the construction of the furnace, refractory bricks should be used.

The stove in the house is a good help in creating a comfortable microclimate with minimal cost. She can act as the main home heating system or be used as additional source heat. The construction of this structure does not have to be entrusted to a specialist. You yourself will be able to build a stove in your house if you study all the nuances of building a stove. High-quality performance of work will allow you to get a furnace that will give off heat well and will last for decades.

Brick kitchen stoves for the house.

Based on the design, cookers are divided into simple and complex. Cookers of a simple design have neither a hot box nor an oven. Complex stoves include stoves that have an oven or a hot-water box, as well as stoves with both at the same time. The firebox at the stove can be located both on the end side and on any side. The size of the slab is affected by the design, the size of the cast-iron flooring (in the slab of cast iron) and the dimensions of the stove appliances. As for the drawings of kitchen stoves, they were developed for cast iron stoves and stove appliances certain sizes. And for this stove, you can not change the dimensions of the stove appliances.

Before you start laying, you need to buy oven appliances in accordance with the specification. Sometimes stove appliances - hot water boxes, ovens - are produced in a handicraft way. Their dimensions must comply with the drawings.

Eleventh row brickwork the binding is made of angle steel. With the help of it, the plate acquires a finished look, and the upper working plane is also protected from destruction.

In the event that the plate does not adjoin to the chimney or heating shield, then the strapping is done from all sides, if the plate is adjacent, then from three. It is advisable to lay the strapping frame and the cast-iron plate on the clay-asbestos mortar. It is necessary that their upper planes are on the same level.

When the strapping is done on four sides, no clamps need to be installed on the frame. When strapping is carried out from two or three sides, the ends of the frame are laid in the masonry of the shield, clamps can be placed on the ends.

Kitchen stove of simple design.

The size in terms of a stove without an oven is 51x89 centimeters, the height with an average five-millimeter thickness of the seams is 77 centimeters. Heat output with two fireboxes per day - 700 kcal / h. The plate is placed under the cast iron flooring measuring 71x41 centimeters. It can be connected to a chimney or heating shield in several ways: from the side opposite to the firebox, and from any side.

A hole for connecting to a heating panel or a chimney is made in the third row of brickwork (its cross section is 13x13 centimeters).

The combustion chamber has a width of 26 centimeters, a height of 35 centimeters. The smoke gases wash over the cast iron floor plate. Then they descend along a vertical channel having a cross section of 13x26 centimeters (half a brick per brick) and fall into the connecting channel.

The cleaning door is installed opposite this channel.

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The hearth is the heart of buildings that are not connected to centralized networks. It generates the heat necessary for life and provides energy for cooking. Both the microclimate in the building and the terms of its service directly depend on its performance and efficiency, and these are very important factors in the operation of the unit, do you agree?

The article presented by us details how to correctly build a brick oven for the house. Schemes for the construction of a hearth are given, technological nuances are thoroughly analyzed. We offer carefully selected, scrupulously verified, practice-proven information on selection and installation. brick ovens.

Novice stove-makers and owners of suburban property who want to control the work of hired craftsmen will be helped by the information we have proposed, based on building requirements. Photographs and video tutorials will be an excellent help in mastering the material.

It is not easy to understand the constructive abundance of brick ovens. However, owners of suburban real estate who want to equip the house with a brick unit should study this difficult issue. It is better to determine in advance the option that is optimal for its purpose and device than to rebuild and modernize.

The division of brick stoves into types is carried out according to the following aspects:

• Appointment.
• type of gas movement.
• Performance.
• Firebox frequency.
• geometric data.

Ideally, an oven that is perfect for you personally is selected according to two or three of the most important criteria. We will analyze what should be attributed to aspects that are significant in your opinion, which will become the basis for choosing the optimal brick unit.

Image gallery

Calculation of heat losses will make it possible to determine the productivity of the furnace, which should be slightly larger than the calculated value, but not more than 15%. If the power of the brick unit is greater than the specified limit, a different design should be selected.

To facilitate the process of choosing the most suitable brick oven for masonry in a low-rise building, nomograms have been developed. The graph below, which simplifies the calculations for the selection of the stove, was created for rooms with one external wall.

Image gallery

Despite the development of new technologies in the field of heating, a conventional wood-burning brick oven remains the main source of heat in many private and country houses, garages and various outbuildings. But the construction of even a simple heating stove costs money - the homeowner needs to buy materials and pay for the services of a stove master. To save on construction, we suggest laying down a brick oven with your own hands. Below we will tell you how to build it correctly, we will provide drawings and masonry ordering schemes.

Furnace project selection

There are countless designs for wood-burning brick ovens, and experienced craftsmen are constantly coming up with new designs. It will not be easy for the owner of the house, who decides to build a brick stove, to choose a suitable heater. Therefore, first give clear answers to the following questions:

1. What tasks should a brick oven solve in your house, will it only be a heating one, or will it need to be used to cook food and heat water?
2. How much space are you willing to allocate for the construction of the stove when building a new house?
3. If a cottage or a house has already been built, then you need to think about the location of the heater and the passage of the ceilings with a chimney. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the device of a separate foundation.
4. Decide in advance on the design, you may wish to build a fireplace stove with panoramic glass.

The only complex element of the brazier is an arched vault, which is laid out according to a wooden template.

Advice. At first, a beginner should not take on the laying of a serious brick oven in the house, but to begin with, lay down something simple and small in the yard - a barbecue or barbecue, since there are a lot of such projects published. Having trained and stuffed your hand, you will understand the nuances of this work and start building a home heater more confidently.

Scheme of laying a street barbecue with lockers

Of course, it is unlikely that an ignorant person will be able to build a beautiful stove with built-in panoramic glass with their own hands. But after all, to perform these works and consultations, you can always invite a stove-maker. As a rule, these people are friendly, because the construction of a hearth must always be approached with a soul. As for choosing a project, you are offered 3 simple options:

• conventional hob for 2 burners with a tank for heating water;
• channel heating furnace - Dutch;
• heating and cooking stove of classical design.

The technology for building the original rocket stove is presented in ours.

Cooker with water boiler

This stove has dimensions of 890 x 510 mm and is designed for cooking with simultaneous heating of water in a tank located on the path of flue gases leaving the furnace. The total heat transfer of the stove is 1.2 kW when laying firewood twice a day. This furnace is shown below in sectional drawings:

The stove is provided with a tank-boiler connected to the water heating system of the house

Such a small-sized do-it-yourself brick oven is quite simple in execution and will take up little space in the kitchen. Subsequently, a heating shield can be attached to it in order to take more heat from the flue gases. The laying diagram below shows the order of the furnace:

To fold the hob yourself, you must first purchase the following materials and oven fittings:

• full-bodied ceramic brick - 185 pcs.;
• cast iron stove for 2 burners measuring 530 x 180;
• firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 130 x 140, revision door 130 x 140;
• equal-shelf corner 30 x 4 - 3.6 m;
• oven 320 x 270 x 400;
• water tank 150 x 350 x 450.

Also, roofing steel and sheet asbestos with dimensions of 115 x 64 cm are required for lining under the stove, and a sheet of metal 50 x 70 cm is needed for laying on the floor in front of the stove.

Dutch channel stove

This classic duct-type heating stove really comes from Holland. Its advantages are simplicity and undemanding to the quality of materials, and the body of the stove can also be increased arbitrarily in height and thus heat rooms on two floors. In addition, the Dutch woman can be safely considered a mini-oven, since it occupies a small area.

Making the simplest Dutch stove for 3 channels, shown below in the drawing, for experienced craftsman won't be much of a problem. A beginner will have to work hard to make high-quality masonry with dimensions in terms of 1010 x 510 mm, extending to a height of more than 2 m plus a chimney. But first, it is proposed to familiarize yourself with the masonry scheme of this brick oven and the orders:

From the drawing it is easy to understand the principle of operation of the Dutch woman - combustion products heat the walls of the heater, moving along the internal vertical channels

For construction, the following materials will be required:

• full-bodied ceramic brick - 390 pcs.;
• grates 250 x 250 (cast iron or steel grate);
• firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 140 x 140, revision door 140 x 140;
• metal gate valve 130 x 130;
• asbestos sheet 1000 x 500;
• the same sheet of roofing steel.

Heating and cooking oven

The design of this heat source is already more complex, although outwardly the stove resembles the same Dutch stove. Its dimensions are 650 x 510 mm, and the developed thermal power- about 1.5 kW. By the name of a brick oven - heating and cooking - it is easy to understand that it is designed both for heating rooms in the house and for cooking. The construction scheme is shown in the figure:

Scheme of a combined stove for heating and cooking

An important point. If you carefully study the diagram, you can understand that the summer mode of operation in this simple design is not provided.

This means that cooking in the summer on the stove will be hot if it is located in the house. You will have to cook in a different way or choose a more suitable heat source design. Homeowners who are not embarrassed by this fact are offered a list of materials and procedures in order to successfully fold a brick oven:

• full-bodied ceramic brick - 211 pcs.;
• cast iron stove for 1 burner measuring 360 x 410;
• grate 250 x 250;
• firebox door 250 x 210, ash pan 130 x 140, inspection door 130 x 140, ventilation door 130 x 75;
• equal-shelf corner 32 x 4 - 300 mm;
• valve 140 x 140;
• knitting wire with a diameter of 1.5 - 5 m.

The grates are installed on the bricks of the 5th row, the cast-iron hob - on the 10th

What kind of brick to lay the oven

Main building material for the construction of the furnace is a red ceramic brick of brand 150, made from baked clay. Its dimensions are standard - 250 x 120 x 65 mm, although in the past other stones were also produced for the furnace business. But now all the dimensions are unified, so that the fireclay (refractory) brick, from which the furnace firebox is often laid out, is the same size as the usual one.

In construction, a stone 88 mm high is still used, but it is not suitable for laying furnaces, since it has cavities. Here, only a solid stone is required, without voids and cracks, of good quality. True, there is 1 exception - the Dutch oven, it can be laid from used bricks. But it’s not worth bringing to the point of absurdity, a heat source made of cobblestones will definitely not heat.

The fact is that a heating and cooking stove built with your own hands from low-quality red brick can crack even at the stage of drying the masonry mortar. It should be noted that the clay mortar dries up, and does not harden, like cement. Therefore, beginners are not recommended to experiment with bad or used bricks, otherwise the newly built furnace will immediately require repair.

A firebox is formed from fireclay stone wood stove(if required by the project)

A separate recommendation concerns masonry mortar. At first, you should not go to the nearest ravine for clay, because it still needs to be brought to the correct condition. It is better to buy a ready-made mortar for laying stoves, clay or fireclay.

How to build an oven

In the vast majority of cases, construction begins with the construction of a foundation for a future heat source. An exception may be outdoor mini-ovens, which, due to their low weight, are sometimes placed directly on concrete screed yard. All others, regardless of location, must be built on a solid foundation. Moreover, it is not allowed that the foundation of the furnace is connected with the base of the house or arranged close to it, it is necessary to leave a gap of at least 5 cm, and preferably 10.

Important. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to the fact that after a year or two the oven may crack and even deviate from the vertical.

If the house has a good foundation in the form of a cement screed, and the total weight of the furnace does not exceed 750 kg, then no foundation is required; The structures given in the previous section have a weight of over 750 kg, and therefore it is necessary to arrange a reliable foundation for them. The foundations for the furnace are of 2 types: rubble and reinforced concrete.

Regardless of the type of base, you first need to dig a hole whose dimensions exceed the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe furnace by 10 cm in each direction. The depth depends on the thickness of the upper layer of black earth or other subsiding soil, while the base of the foundation must rest on a denser layer. In the first case, the pit is laid with rubble stone with dressing, using a solution of the following components:

• sand - 6 parts;
• cement - 1 part;
• lime mixed with water - 1 part.

All voids between the stones are also filled with this solution, and the upper part, located at a depth of 80 mm from the floor, is leveled with it. The reinforced concrete base is poured with formwork and reinforcing mesh, having previously poured a pillow of crushed stone 10 cm thick onto the bottom of the pit.

Important. After the mortar or concrete has hardened, a waterproofing barrier made of roofing felt in 2 layers must be laid on top of the foundation.

The laying of the furnace is carried out in accordance with the orders in compliance with the thickness of the seams within 3 ... 5 mm. A few recommendations:

How to fold a small oven at home is described in detail in the video:

It is clear that the first time a newly-made master will not be able to lay down a beautiful stove due to lack of experience. But this is fixable, because outside you can make a cladding brick wall using staining. Previously, they were plastered and covered with two layers of whitewash of chalk or lime, but now there are simpler and more convenient means. In addition, lime is easily transferred to clothing when accidentally touched and constantly needs to be updated.

If we talk about how you can paint a brick oven, then there are such options:

• organosilicon heat-resistant enamel grade KO, designed for high temperatures;
• silicate or acrylic paints;
• heat-resistant varnish (for example, PF-238) mixed with dye.

The most preferred option is transparent enamel KO-85, KO-174 and KO-813. It is suitable both for the furnace itself and for painting metal parts, as it can withstand temperatures up to 600 ° C. Silicate and acrylic paints will not last as long, but they are also cheaper. Also, the stove can be painted with transparent varnish PF-238 or mixed with gouache of the desired color, as shown above in the photo.

In any case, the coating is applied for 2 times, the second layer is applied after the first has dried. The tool used is a brush and a roller. It is desirable to pre-treat the surface with a special primer composition designed specifically for such purposes.

Conclusion

Of course, it is unrealistic to deeply reveal all the nuances of a complex furnace business within the framework of one article, we have described only the main points. To successfully build your first brick oven, a beginner home master it is worth studying the relevant literature, practicing masonry. No less important preparatory stage- you should choose the right materials, prepare tools and fixtures.