Ventilation in household premises in production. What types of ventilation are used in modern industries. Ventilation design for production halls

All living things in nature, one way or another, depend on clean fresh air, and the human body is designed in such a way that it needs oxygen saturation every second. This is especially noticeable when a person undergoes physical exertion, for example, when performing any work.

Fresh air is especially important if workplace located in the production workshop. The equipment in it and the associated technological processes are often the main source of various poisonous vapors, gases, dirt, dust, chemical impurities entering the air. Therefore, ventilation in production is an extremely necessary measure in the organization of any technological process.

The opinion is erroneous that the creation of ventilation in industrial premises (workshops, areas) is practically no different from the organization of the air conditioning process, for example, an office or residential premises. In this case, it is worth emphasizing that industrial ventilation is not a one-time measure, but a whole range of engineering developments.

Ventilation in production plays a much deeper role than ventilation (air conditioning) in any other room. It is industrial ventilation that is designed to ensure uninterrupted purification of air from various impurities, its functional circulation, while not disrupting the course of technological processes, but creating favorable conditions for their successful implementation.

Ventilation as an engineering and technological complex is divided into two main types:

local;
general exchange.

The main purpose of local ventilation is the localization and subsequent removal of harmful substances directly at the very place of their initial formation. As a rule, the harmful source is covered from all sides with so-called shields, which form a cap. Inside this shelter, the pressure is much less than atmospheric, due to which a vacuum is created when air is sucked (harmful impurities do not enter the surrounding room). Local ventilation is very effective and, at the same time, its organization does not require colossal financial investments, since the removal of pollution from the air is achieved at a low consumption.

In cases where harmful sources cannot be fully localized, a general exchange type of ventilation is used. From the name it becomes clear that its purpose is to comprehensively clean the air in all industrial premises, and it is carried out by diluting the total content of impurities, dirt, dust, as well as moisture and heat.

Classification of industrial ventilation by mode of action

According to the method of exposure, there are the following types of ventilation:

supply ventilation;
exhaust ventilation;
ventilation of the supply and exhaust action.

Supply ventilation in production is designed to ensure the free flow of fresh air in volumes sufficient for the targeted operation of production. As a rule, duct fans are widely used in supply-type systems. They are able to fully provide forced air supply to the workshop. At the same time, the air pressure increases several times compared to the atmospheric pressure indicators and, accordingly, an unorganized, natural squeezing out of polluted air through various exits, cracks and openings into the street or into neighboring rooms occurs.

Exhaust ventilation in production is designed to remove exhaust air (contaminated, either wet or hot), while portions of fresh air enter the room in an unorganized manner, through doors, windows, wall openings, etc. This type of ventilation is especially effective in industries, whose technological processes involve the release of a sufficient amount of harmful substances, moisture, heat, as well as the presence of a large crowd of people.

The most easy installation exhaust type consists of an electric motor and a fan. If you need to clean the air in rooms of a large area or complex layout, then the minimum set is also added with special filters and a branched air duct system to remove the exhaust air to the street.

Supply and exhaust ventilation in production provides both the supply of fresh air to the room and the simultaneous removal of waste air from it. The air flow can be spread in two ways:

stirring;
displacement.

In the first case, high-speed diffusers are mounted on the ceiling or wall sites of a production workshop or site, through which street air is forced to flow. When it enters a closed room, it naturally mixes with waste and, already mixed (with dirt), is removed through special diffusion valves.

In the second case, in the lower part of the room (as a rule, on the floor surface), several low-speed air distributors are mounted, which provide forced supply of fresh air. Since the diffuser is located at the bottom, correspondingly fresh (cooled) air is distributed in the lower part of the room, and, following the law of physics, warm air rises up and is removed through the ventilation holes in a natural way.

Organization of natural ventilation

Natural ventilation in production is organized according to the principle of a spontaneous difference in the pressure of air flows, their direction and the difference in temperature characteristics. An example of primitive ventilation of a natural type can be the simplest draft, for which you just need to open the doors and windows in the production room. This method of ventilation is also called unorganized, since everything is built on elementary physical phenomena.

The organized method of natural ventilation involves the use of special boxes with dampers, with which you can regulate the strength and degree of natural air flow.

The main advantage of natural ventilation is the low cost of organizing it. The creation of such a ventilation method does not involve the purchase of special filters, fans, air exchangers, diffusers and other devices. A significant drawback is the impossibility of complete control over air flows, as well as a low degree of renewal of air masses.

Ventilation of welding workplaces

Ventilation in welding production is designed to especially efficiently and thoroughly clean air masses from harmful impurities, since welding is one of the most harmful types of work to human health, oxides of nitrogen, carbon, fluorine and many other various chemical compounds are certainly formed during the welding process.

The type and organizational type of ventilation of such a workshop depends, first of all, on the dimensions and output of the welded-connected products.

If the capacity of the welding shop is small, and the volume of products is also insignificant, then local ventilation can be organized at the welding workplace.

If technological processes involve the constant local movement of workers throughout the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop, then the organization of mobile posts with local ventilation loses its relevance. In this case, it is advisable to organize ventilation of the general exchange type. As a rule, such a hood affects the lower and upper parts of the room, and the forced flows additionally provide heating of the room, which is especially important for welding work in the cold season.

Industrial ventilation has long ceased to be a simple production necessity. In various modern industries (capacities and volumes), ventilation began to play the role of the most important engineering complex, because the correct organization and subsequent implementation of measures to equip production with ventilation systems contributes to the creation of a healthy microclimate in workshops and production areas. This means that it makes it possible to perform high-quality technological processes aimed at observing the basic provisions on safety, it also contributes to the correct organization of each workplace, and most importantly, it excludes harm to the health of an employee involved in production.

Ventilation of industrial and industrial premises is the construction of a system, the main task of which is a set of measures to ensure constant air exchange in workshops and in production - removing polluted air and replacing it with fresh air.

Unlike home or office premises, industrial facilities are complex technological processes that are often accompanied by harmful emissions. Therefore, in such working conditions, a well-designed and installed ventilation system is vital. It is she who is called upon to ensure a stable air exchange in production facilities, which is critically necessary for the health of people working there.

In addition to exhausting harmful compounds, the ventilation system cleans, ionizes, heats (in winter) or cools (in summer) the air from the street before supplying it inside the building, and, if necessary, removes excess heat, water vapor and dust particles arising during operation.

Types of ventilation

Ventilation in a manufacturing facility can be classified as follows.

By air circulation method:

Forced or mechanical
Natural

By area of \u200b\u200bwork:

Local
General exchange

By appointment:

Supply
Exhaust

By design:

Channel
Channelless

Calculation of ventilation in a production facility

Working conditions in production are strictly regulated by SNiP and GOST, therefore the installed ventilation system must provide the desired microclimate, as well as maintain an acceptable level of pollution, gas pollution and dustiness working area, as well as the air ionic composition of the air.

The ventilation calculation method is selected depending on the technological process in your industrial premises. Traditionally, the production uses a general exchange mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation with the additional installation of local ones. Often in production it is necessary to remove not only vapors and impurities, but also mechanical elements from the air. In such cases, a filter system is additionally used to remove large particles.

General exchange mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system usually includes the following ventilation equipment: galvanized steel air ducts, control sensors and various machines, fans, as well as filters and dust collectors. For each type of hazardous substances, MPC values \u200b\u200bhave been established, and the task of the ventilation system is to dilute their concentration and remove them using extracts / suctions.

Features of ventilation of woodworking shops

When ventilating a workshop at such enterprises, chip suckers are used, which capture and remove both fine dust and large wood chips from the room. Further, this air is passed through a filter system or through a cyclone, where impurities are removed into special containers.

If this production also includes painting, assembly and drying departments, then in addition to wood dust and shavings, it is necessary to remove glue and solvent vapors, as well as water vapor and excess heat.

Workshop ventilation features

In rare cases, natural ventilation can be dispensed with in workshops, but we would still recommend equipping the workplace with an exhaust hood. For framing and art workshops, only suitable forced ventilation, exhaust - for small industries associated with harmful emissions / emissions chemical substances or impurities, and for the most comfortable work, supply and exhaust ventilation should be installed.

Features of ventilation of foundries and hot shops

The ventilation of the workshop in these types of production should, first of all, remove excess heat from the room due to increased air exchange, as well as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and other harmful impurities released during the heat treatment process. General and local ventilation is most often used in foundries.

Trust the professionals

Mistakes in the design of ventilation systems for industrial premises can lead to poisoning, oxygen starvation, overheating / hypothermia, as well as all kinds of chronic diseases of employees, not to mention rapid fatigue and decreased performance.

The company "M-Vent" has extensive experience in the design and installation of ventilation in various industries. Employees of the company will help you choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency, and will carry out a turnkey project. Trust the professionals.

The production must maintain an optimal microclimate. Ventilation design starts with industry considerations. Ventilation of industrial premises should promptly remove all contaminants and vapors without overdrying or overmoistening the air.

Ventilation production facilities exposed to increased stress

Varieties of systems

Ventilation systems for industrial premises are divided into 2 types:

natural;
automatic.

Ventilation in production, depending on the type of air flow, can be supply or exhaust.

Natural

The natural ventilation system in production works by means of a drop temperature regime indoors and outdoors. Wind speed and heat pressure are the main driving factors of the system. With a sharp temperature drop, warm vapors from the production area are replaced by cooler ones. The operation of a natural ventilation system is based on simple physical phenomena. The higher the ceilings and the greater the drop air pressure near the floor in the production hall, the better the ventilation will be. If there are cracks in the walls and window openings, as well as with frequent opening of windows and doors, there is a high probability of drafts and freezing of the room in winter. IN summer period, in areas remote from doors and windows, ventilation standards will be violated.

Aeration is a type of natural type of industrial ventilation. To implement control, install aeration systems. Often, when designing a building, the presence of ventilation systems is not taken into account. In this case, you can install ventilation equipment in the finished room. In the hall of the workshop, mines are being mounted, which will work by changing the pressure of the air pressure. Shaft hatches are covered with deflectors. The wind flow entering the deflector creates a rarefaction zone, increasing the flow of air masses. Such ventilation systems are most often used by agricultural and livestock buildings, smithies, not too large bakeries.

Aeration the most effective method ventilation of production in an elementary way. The supply pipe is fixed at the highest point of the roof.

For large industries, forced ventilation is required

Automatic

Automatic supply and exhaust ventilation systems allow to normalize the microclimate in large enterprises. Such systems have many advantages.

They work regardless of temperature changes on the street.
The supply and exhaust effect can be achieved anywhere in the room.
You can change the frequency of air flow.

It is necessary to comply with the requirements for ventilation of industrial premises. Ventilation equipment of the forced supply and exhaust structure allows preventing air pollution by chemicals, removing it directly from the source of occurrence. The quality indicators of work are influenced by the shape of the receivers, as well as the degree of rarefaction of the atmosphere. Ventilation of industrial premises consists of:

air inlet;
fans;
air outlets;
filters;
hoods.

Arrangement of elementary ventilation

In industrial buildings, three-level openings are made with special-shaped windows. The first two levels are located at a height of 1-4 meters from the floor level. In the roof, protective lights with windows are installed, in which manual regulation is provided. Air exchange in the summer period is carried out by the ingress of air masses inside through the lower vents, and the release of contaminated vapors through the vents in the roof. IN winter period air flows through the middle row of vents.

The intensity of air exchange is regulated by opening the vents in different positions. In calm weather, ventilation of the room will be much worse, but with a certain direction and strength of the windy flow, reverse draft may occur. To prevent such an effect, ventilation structures are made protected from the wind by installing special lights.

In the warm season, the cooling of the supply masses occurs due to the spraying of water in the lantern from the nozzles mounted in the transom. This cools the supplied air and increases the humidity.

The ventilation system in production facilities is controlled manually. Aeration is not used as ventilation for industrial premises where a large amount of harmful impurities is expected to spread. The natural air exchange system prevents the treated air flow from being filtered.

Types of supply structures

Purpose and classification of air inlets:

closed;
open - the hole for receiving the used air masses is located far from the place of their exit.

An open-type industrial air inlet is a combination of: a casing, an hood for an exhaust hood, air outlets, and mobile air inlets. According to the convection conditions, hot air flows rise upward, where the exhaust hoods reduce the area of \u200b\u200btheir distribution and produce further discharge. The dimensions of the umbrellas must correspond to the area of \u200b\u200bthe hot air outlet. Protective umbrellas can be with or without overhangs.

In electroplating industries, slot-shaped air pumps are installed. In workshops with welding machines and blowtorches operating in carbon dioxide, air inlets are installed directly on the equipment.

If the workplace of a person is not fixedly used portable views ventilation, which are attached directly to the welding equipment with suction cups.

The mode-type exhaust system is represented by: lockers, cabins, boxes, cameras. Cabinets are installed in industrial plants with abundant release of toxic fumes. Installation of the box is carried out at enterprises emitting radiation or poisons.

Supply room ventilation

Ventilation equipment

Air exchange of the supply and exhaust type in autonomous systems is carried out by a fan. The most commonly used models are:

radiator;
axial.

Radiator fans have a snail shape. When air enters from the outside into the receiver, the air mass is redirected and then fed into the air suction. Depending on the saturation of impurities and varieties of these impurities, equipment of various types can be used:

standard - recommended for air masses with a temperature of +80, with a low dust content;
anticorrosive - used to remove alkalis and acids;
spark-proof - used in the production of hazardous explosives;
dust - recommended for installation in a room with a high level of dust.

Axial fans are blades mounted in a cylindrical casing. The air flow is parallel to the fan axis. Installation of these types of fans is mainly carried out in mines and emergency mines. The advantage is the delivery of air in several directions at the same time.

Cleaning systems

The quality of the supply air exchange is controlled by the installation of cleaning devices. The air is filtered before being released into the environment. The type of ventilation purification systems will depend entirely on the amount of contamination in the air flow. The simplest ventilation cleaner device is dust collectors. The flow rate in such devices drops sharply, due to which dust settling is achieved. The system is suitable for primary cleaning and with an increase in the amount of dust in excess of the norm it becomes ineffective.

To trap dust more than 10 microns in production, cyclones are installed - metal containers, cylindrical, narrowed downward. A stream of air is supplied from above, due to which dust particles hitting the walls settle down below.

Electrostatic precipitators are the most efficient way to purify industrial waste air. They also install gravel and coke filters, which are moistened with water. Ejection is used to cleanse industrial air from explosive particles. They consist of 4 chambers.

Requirements for cleaning systems

General ventilation must meet a number of requirements. Any processes at enterprises are accompanied by the release of certain substances into the air. Installation of ventilation must be carried out in accordance with sanitary standards.

Installing quality equipment will help you avoid many problems. The ventilation system makes it possible to control the microclimate. The type of ventilation system should be selected in accordance with the parameters of the premises, the purpose and the number of workers.

It is necessary to use ventilation systems in each separate production area, even if it is not supposed to be occupied by people.

In addition to purifying the air and maintaining microclimatic conditions inside the industrial zone, ventilation makes it possible to clean the exhaust air before it is released into the atmosphere. All air exchange standards are spelled out in SNIP.

The creation of a truly comfortable and cozy atmosphere in the workplace not only increases the productivity and efficiency of the work process, but is also a prerequisite put forward by the sanitary authorities. Therefore, ventilation systems are just as important in production as the elements of a central heating system or electrical services. The installation of such systems is a rather complicated and time-consuming job, therefore, they usually do not do it with their own hands, but trust professionals with solid experience. In any case, knowing about the principles of operation, design and development will not hurt anyone.

Air conditioning of premises of various sizes in production is carried out using the most complex systems, which, in addition to the air duct, also include various heaters, filters, coolers, recuperators, fans and other elements. The ventilation system, regardless of the type of production process, area and size of workshops and air pollution, must perform the following functions:

Providing fresh clean air to the employees of the enterprise.
Removal of unpleasant and foreign odors, as well as dust from the room.
An important function of the ventilation system is filtration from various harmful impurities that arise as a result of certain technological influences and conditions.

Sidebar: Important: In industrial and manufacturing workshops, mechanical and natural ventilation is used for normal air exchange. During design work, it is necessary to take into account various regulatory documents regulating the state of factory and factory workshops.

During the production process associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals or products from refined petroleum, toxic elements are released that pose a certain danger to human health, therefore the ventilation system must ensure their effective and immediate neutralization.

Only highly qualified specialists, certified engineers and professionals should be allowed to develop or in the production area. In this case, it is necessary to take into account climatic and weather conditions, the number of workers, the size of the premises, the peculiarities of production and many other nuances and peculiarities.

Elements of any ventilation system are air ducts, exhaust and air supply devices, as well as equipment that helps to create a comfortable and cozy indoor climate (this includes humidity stabilizers, as well as heating appliances and air conditioners).
For normal ventilation of various objects in industrial conditions, it is necessary to use equipment that is capable of removing from the air particles of dust, aerosol and gas that appear as a result of the operation of complex equipment.
Some industries (such as pharmaceutical or high-precision electronics) require the creation of specific working conditions, so all kinds of additional elements are added to the powerful ventilation system, such as special filters and high-power air conditioners.
According to the operating instructions for certain types of equipment, those shops and areas where vapors hazardous to human health may be present must be additionally equipped with extractor hoods, which are separated from the general workshop network.
Devices that carry out hygienic and sanitary control of ventilation systems are part of air exchange systems, and depending on their indications, special equipment can be connected that removes various toxic impurities and purifies the air.
During the design of ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account such a parameter as the cost of operation. It is best if the hot air that leaves the room is used in special exchangers, and cold air is used to cool machine tools and other equipment.

Table: heat consumption of the ventilation system

Ventilation used in industry is divided into the following types:

General ventilation type is responsible for the normal replacement of air masses in the room. The most typical example is a conventional axial fan that is inserted into a wall or window duct. Based on parameters such as duct length and cross-section, the appropriate equipment power is selected.
(or individual type) - allows you to clean the air from various toxic impurities, smoke, heavy dust and other substances that can harm human health, directly in the workplace.
Emergency air purification from gas, smoke or all kinds of toxic impurities is resorted to only in force majeure cases, therefore, the standards here differ from those generally accepted in production and will not be considered in this context.

Ventilation can also be mechanical and natural. The natural scheme carries out the removal and inflow of air masses by means of traction, which occurs due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the production room. The effective functioning of such a ventilation system is influenced by:

The difference in ambient temperature inside the production hall and outside.
Difference in atmospheric pressure near the exhaust outlet and near the floor in the room.
The speed of movement of air masses in the street.

Varieties of the ventilation system

The natural ventilation and airing system is quiet, environmentally friendly and economical. However, changing weather conditions can have a very negative impact on its effectiveness. Mechanical ventilation is devoid of such a drawback, which is capable of moving the air flow through an air duct of any configuration and section at any distance. In such cases, additional equipment is often installed that heats the air, and also humidifies, dries or filters it, if necessary. Today, the most popular are combined ventilation systems that use elements of both mechanical and natural systems.

To implement normal natural ventilation, there is no need to spend significant funds, conduct electricity or buy additional equipment. Turning to professionals who will make accurate calculations and plans for optimal ventilation in a specific production or industrial premises, you can solve the ventilation problem and compensate for such a disadvantage as dependence on changes in wind speed and direction, pressure and temperature.

Mechanical ventilation of industrial and industrial premises requires a fair amount of electrical energy, so this method is not always economically viable. The advantage of this ventilation method is the independence of air flows and temperature from ambient conditions. The air in such systems is often heated and cleaned or, if necessary, cooled. Today, the most popular is the combined ventilation system, which combines elements of mechanical and natural ventilation methods.

The ventilation standards include certain provisions, according to which the ventilation system must be located absolutely in all production workshops and premises. Moreover, regardless of the functional characteristics of the occupied area and the number of employees on it. The capacity of the ventilation equipment should be sufficient for the fastest possible cleaning of the air in the room in the event of the emission of harmful substances or smoke. The development of the project, according to which the operation of the ventilation system will be implemented in the future, should be professionals who are able to do this in full compliance with applicable laws, documents and regulations. During the design, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters:

inside a workshop or production facility.
Fire safety conditions.
Air humidity indicators.
The presence and number of toxic and poisonous substances that pollute the environment.
Climatic features.
Room space and functionality.

It is worth noting that providing each employee with air is the norm, the implementation of which is monitored by various authorities and services. The norm is thirty cubic meters per hour on an area less than or equal to forty square meters... For large industrial complexes, such standards are calculated in a separate order. When calculating technical characteristics ventilation systems should take into account the following nuances:

The ventilation system should not be a source of noise, which is strongly emitted even during the operation of technological equipment and machine tools. The noise level should be at a medium or low level, otherwise a long stay in the workshop will become problematic.
In the event that the ventilation system has been installed for a long time and has not been thoroughly cleaned for a long period of time, then it is most likely that it itself is the cause of increased pollution of the surrounding airspace. To ensure that the ventilation system does not act as a source of pollution, it is recommended to clean it at least several times a year.

The tasks of the supply-type ventilation system include compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards due to the assimilation of excess moisture, dilution of toxic secretions that can damage the human body and reduce the concentration of harmful impurities. All this allows the employee to be on his own site in a comfortable environment that meets all the established norms and rules. In the event that indoors low temperature, then the ventilation system of the supply type can solve this problem by heating the supply air masses.

The simplest device that is installed in various workshops and production facilities is a fan that has an air outlet. Due to the fact that the amount of various harmful and toxic impurities at enterprises, as a rule, is higher than the norm, the use of only one ventilation system is not always effective. To maximize the safety of employees, modern enterprises use both natural and mechanical systems.

On modern market are present in great numbers various systems, ventilation, which make it possible to create the safest and most comfortable working conditions within the workplace. The widest selection of devices that differ from each other both in functionality and in price will satisfy the needs of even the most demanding customer. During the design of a complex industrial ventilation system, it is necessary to install both supply equipment, which guarantees the supply of clean air to the space of the shops and premises of the plant, as well as special exhaust units. With their help, it is possible to remove air saturated with pathogenic bacteria, toxic substances, dust, smoke and other harmful elements from the workplace. It is selected based on the specifics of production.

They choose one or another variation of equipment on an individual basis, taking into account the differences and features that are inherent in a certain industrial or construction large object.

The ventilation system must have the following parameters:

Profitability.
Efficiency.
Reliability.
Payback speed.

Thanks to clean and cool air, you can achieve not only good mood, health and performance of employees, but also low wear and tear of technological equipment and various tools. It is economically feasible to add a device when drawing up a project that is connected to the ventilation system and provides a comfortable indoor climate.

Today the most in the best way to control the parameters of the ventilation system is the use of automatic computerized systems that make changes to certain characteristics, based on the data obtained from external sensors. Thus, it turns out to achieve maximum economy and efficiency in work.

Thanks to the use of supply or exhaust circuits, it is possible to easily bring the humidity in the enterprise to normal, as well as to neutralize, heat, cool, filter or humidify the air. A huge advantage of forced ventilation is that it is not affected by external conditions and weather factors. Air removal and supply can be done from the required point. You can make accurate calculations of the supply or exhaust ventilation and schedule expenses.

The operation of ventilation systems is influenced not only by the competent selection of equipment and installation, but also by the rarefaction of the atmosphere, the shape of the air inlets, the correct installation of filters, fans, air ducts and other elements. In enterprises, it is most advisable to install axial or radial blowers powered by electricity. Thanks to such a solution, you can easily provide employees with a clean airspace in the workplace, free from harmful impurities and toxic elements. For better filtration today, electrostatic precipitators and other components are often used, which can maximally protect even an environment saturated with aggressive chemical compounds and components.

Air conditioning in factories and industries allows you to achieve a normal microclimate, which is especially important for the optical industry, instrument making, the electro-vacuum industry and other areas where maintaining a certain humidity in the room is a very important point. For setting up and installing the ventilation system, it is best to contact professionals with experience and knowledge in their field.

Ready-made ventilation systems need periodic cleaning, because in the event that the ducts are clogged, it becomes unsafe to be in the production workshop or room due to the high concentration of dust particles and harmful elements. For maximum efficiency, today they use various filters made of felt, fabric, porcelain rings and all kinds of porous materials that perfectly absorb dust and toxic substances that can harm human health.

Features of equipment installation

During the installation of ventilation systems in factories and industrial facilities, it is necessary to take into account a huge number of features and nuances that directly affect the indicators of the durability of the structure and the efficiency directly during operation. That is why for installation individual elements the air exchange network must involve highly qualified specialists who have the appropriate knowledge and experience. It is also important to choose the right place for the installation of equipment, such as filtration systems, fan units, heat exchangers and other units.

In industrial and industrial premises, they are usually fixed directly to the ceiling. If desired, they can be hidden using hanging decorative panels... In those premises that are used for commercial purposes, it makes sense to use ducts made of plastic or copper, which are reliable and durable and have an attractive appearance.

Currently, the following types of air ducts are used in construction:

Tough. For their production, materials such as fiberglass, multilayer aluminum, galvanized and others are used. Of these elements, the installation of virtually the entire ventilation system is carried out. The only exceptions are special parts of a shaped sample, which are used for the device of branches, contours and turns. To transport air, which contains various harmful impurities, it is worth using air ducts with thick walls.
Flexible. Their main purpose is the communication of various sections and openings with the air ducts of the main. For the construction of a local ventilation system, the purpose of which is to clean the air in the immediate vicinity of the workplace, aluminum hoses are often used.

Installation of ventilation ducts in production and industrial premises is carried out in the following order:

To begin with, the parameters of the wall thickness and cross-section of the air channels are calculated, after which, based on the data obtained, the mass of each element of the ventilation system is calculated. Sometimes the installation of square ducts is not possible due to insufficient space. Therefore, when faced with a similar situation, it is worth using rectangular ducts to solve the problem.
Then, at the joints, you need to mark the fixation points of the air ducts. Thanks to this, you can easily calculate the required number of fasteners, brackets and other accessories. It is worth remembering that for fastening brackets it is undesirable to allow the occurrence of oscillations of long sections of the network directly during the passage of air through them. It is preferable to provide the structure with an excess of fasteners, since in this case they will withstand even an increased load without problems.
When the line channels have been installed, you can proceed with the installation of separate suction and spray devices. For such cases, it is recommended to use special hoses with flexibility and the desired cross-section.

conclusions

The installation and design of industrial ventilation systems is a demanding and complex process. Finished project must comply with strict building codes and current regulations. The health of employees and the performance of the entire team directly depends on this.

Thousands of workers each year suffer from occupational diseases, the main cause of which is harmful substances that appear during the production cycle. Exposure to high temperatures, dust, various pollution, "accompany" workers in the metallurgical, chemical, mining industries, and more than a dozen industries.

In most modern industrial enterprises, where a significant amount of pollution is emitted during the production process, along with a general ventilation system, a local type of ventilation is also used. This type of ventilation system helps to reduce the presence of hazards, gases and dust in the place of their production below the WPC, and is advisable as the main means of their localization.

Types and purpose

Local ventilation can be of two types. Supply air - serves to supply air to the devices intended for this: and air showers. These devices, in most enterprises, are used to create "islands" of clean air in workshops with high emission of pollution. Thermal curtains used to create an air barrier to cold or polluted air masses when there is a need for frequent door opening. The most widespread in hazardous industries is local exhaust ventilation, designed for local removal of contaminated air, in places where it appears, with a certain production process. A local exhaust ventilation system prevents the spread of harmful substances throughout the production site. The most demanded exhaust ventilation equipment at most enterprises is local suction.

Requirements for local suction

The main requirement for local exhaust ventilation systems and for suction is to prevent contaminated air from entering the respiratory system and human eyes. Besides:

They must be simple in design so that personnel can easily mount and dismount devices for cleaning.
The device for the removal of harmful substances should not be bulky and overall, as well as interfere with the production process.
Pollutants and gases that appear during the production process must be removed: volatile substances, vapors - upwards, and dust and pollutants heavier than air - downwards.

The main types of air intake equipment used in production

Local suction is a part of any modern enterprise. Today, there are several types of these devices:

Semi-open suction. These are mainly ventilated chambers and fume hoods. These devices provide the highest quality removal of contaminants with the lowest air consumption. They are of several types. Top-draft devices are used for the separation of substances with high temperature or humidity. Bottom intake cabinets are designed to eliminate “heavy” polluted air. Portable cabinets with side intake of polluted air are used for removing dusty pollution.

A fully open device for suction of polluted air is an exhaust structure that is located outside the source of their emission. Today the most popular devices of this type are hoods, suction panels and side suction units. The side air intake device is installed if access to the source of pollution is required from different sides. Exhaust hoods are the simplest type of suction. They are mounted in places where harmful substances tend to rise. The umbrella is placed at a height of 1.5 m from the floor. The efficiency of this type of device is achieved by the large volume of exhaust air.
The completely closed air intake is part of the equipment and is made in the form of a cover, through the technological holes of which air flows into the device.

The suction units are classified according to the shape of the opening of this device, which can be round, square or made in the form of a slot. Round and square holes are most commonly used in metal welding and brazing processes. Ventilation during welding cannot always neutralize all harmful air flows, therefore, a forced general exchange ventilation system is necessarily arranged in the welding shop, with an inflow of fresh air of at least 40 cubic meters per hour per worker. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003drDK-xg-Cp_A

Features of the ventilation system of the welding shop

There are many types and methods of welding. It is their variety that has led to the variety of suction options used specifically in welding shops. By design features they can be divided into 4 main groups:

Small-sized devices for automatic and semi-automatic equipment. Such ventilation devices integrated into welding equipment. These include air intakes in the welding holders.
Local extractors built into welding tables. These devices are used for welding and soldering small parts. Local ventilation for soldering and welding can be connected to the general exchange ventilation system.
Suction units integrated into welding stands and equipment for welding large-sized parts. This group of devices is integrated into welding and assembly installations and stands.
Swivel-lift and portable contamination removers for various welding applications. All portable air receivers of various designs can be attributed to this group of devices.

The efficiency of the air intakes for the removal of hazards requires an accurate calculation of the local exhaust ventilation.

Factors affecting the calculation of ventilation in welding production

Advice:
The development of a project and calculations of a ventilation system at any production site is a complex and responsible process that should be dealt with exclusively by professionals.

This publication will provide an overview of what affects the calculation of ventilation for a production site with a stationary welding station.

The main factors affecting the calculation of the ventilation system and, accordingly, the selection necessary equipmentare:

The required air flow rate of the air intake device, depending on its design and type of welding.
Its effectiveness in a specific workplace.

To calculate the air flow, you can use the formula:

L = 3600 * F * Vo

where:

L - air exchange
F Is the area of \u200b\u200bthe suction opening
Vo Is the speed of air movement in the hole

You can use ready-made standard calculations, depending on the design of the air intake.

For example:

The car service station is equipped with a stationary welding station, where an exhaust panel is used as a local suction. In this case, the required air consumption is determined from the calculation: 3300 m3 / h per 1 m2 of the panel area.

The efficiency of the device is calculated using the formula:

E = (Lm — Lpr) / Lm

where

E - device efficiency
Lm -the power that will be required by the in-house ventilation system, in the absence of a local air intake
Lpr - air consumption required to dilute non-localized contaminants to maximum permissible concentration.

Important!
The efficiency of these devices is not the same for various contaminants released during welding and other production cycles.