Exhaust hood for ventilation. What is a ventilation hood and why is it needed? What filters are needed

Last year I built myself a small workshop, which also serves as a storeroom for tools and equipment. Everything seems to be fine, but here come warm days, periodically turning into heat. And I forgot about natural ventilation. But this case is fixable. There are many options, I will describe one of them in this article.

Window and door openings serve for the natural exchange of air in a room, but it is not always convenient to keep windows and doors wide open. Additional source fresh air can be air ducts, or, as in my case, ventilation holes in the roof, on which umbrellas made of galvanized steel are installed, which are popularly called simply - a weather vane. We are starting to make our homemade ventilation. Correct markup is the key to success.

The umbrella should be installed so that on the back side of the roof, that is, from inside the room, the ventilation hole does not block anything: no rafters, no spacers, no lamps. If you don't understand how it works, here's a description. It is best to measure from the skate. They immediately estimated the size from the inside, and then transferred it to the outer roof slope. At the measured point we drill a hole in order to insert the blade of the cutting tool.

From this point we will make further marking. We try on an umbrella, remove its size from the lower round part and carefully transfer it to the place of future deployment. It is advisable to use a bold marker for marking so that the strip is clearly visible. In theory, all this should be calculated, but as a rule, in a private house, they make a middle section at random)

Considering that the roof covering consists of bituminous tiles laid on an OSB-board, which, in turn, is mounted on a solid lathing from a board, it is almost impossible to cut a hole with an electric jigsaw - the saw stroke will not be enough, and if it is enough, then it is very close and there is a possibility of it bend thoroughly. Since the hole has a circular cross-section, neither a circular saw, let alone a chainsaw, will make an even hole in size. Therefore, I chose an electric saber saw as a cutting tool. Very convenient and fast, the main thing is not to rush.

The hole is ready, you can start installing the ventilation hood. In order for the mounted vane to not have a powerful wind-blower and the wind did not hum in the empty pipe solo parts, it has an unusual shape. Its upper part is covered with a lid bent on four sides, so that one large hole is divided into four compartments. Warm air from the room will come out through all four holes, but it will blow in only one, depending on the direction of the wind. Install a piece of air duct from the inside and put on an umbrella on top.

To eliminate the possibility of rain moisture ingress on metal constructions ventilation umbrella, you need to carefully lift the roof covering and tuck the protruding support elements of the umbrella under it.

You need to do this operation only from that part of the base of the umbrella, which is located at the top of the roof slope. The lower part is installed directly on the roof covering.

The fact is that if you run the lower part under the roofing, then when it rains, water will accumulate in the formed barrier, and no matter how well you seal it, water will find its way and penetrate into the room.

After installing the umbrella, we fix it. Today there are a lot of hardware products that cut off moisture, but given that my ventilation umbrella is installed on utility roomI decided to attach it to regular nails. In addition, the umbrella will be subjected to wind pressure, and an ordinary nail is inherently a nag, that is, it has a small up and down stroke, and in the case strong wind the probability that the nail will cut the head is practically zero, which cannot be said about self-tapping screws.

The last but not least is the sealing of "weak" points. These are, as a rule, joints, adjoining of one structure to another and the place of installation of fastening elements. A special sealant must be selected: heat-resistant or heat-resistant. In the summer heat, the roof heats up so that, if desired, you can fry the eggs, so the sealant must also withstand such a temperature load. Apply sealant evenly around the entire perimeter with respect to weak points.

Well, the final touch is to smear the sealant in some places with your finger. You can take rubber spatula, but, I think, it is more interesting and better to do it with a finger. We have more

In areas related to food preparation, large emissions of steam, fat, combustion products, etc. occur. To prevent their spread to other rooms and to purify the air from them, hoods are often used. Next, we will consider what these devices are, their types and features.

Installation of kitchen exhaust systems

Any room has a ventilation system that provides fresh air inflow and polluted air outflow. However, such ventilation is not enough for food preparation areas, because emissions, before entering the general system, spread throughout the room and mix with a clean one.

Therefore, in the food industry and in household kitchens usually local ventilation is used, the main element of which is a ventilation hood. Most often it is a domed structure that is connected to a general ventilation system.

The umbrellas of ventilation systems are made of galvanized sheet steel so that when hot air enters the box, oxidation and even greater air pollution do not occur.

The entire structure, as a rule, consists of several basic elements:

• Box - is the main product, since it prevents the spread of emissions throughout the entire space of the room, and also acts as a housing for other parts.
• Filters - as a rule, all models are necessarily equipped with a grease trap. In addition, they can have additional filtration systems.
• Fan - forcibly sucks polluted air into the box. I must say that it is not available in all devices. For example, if the structure is connected to forced exhaust ventilation, then it may not.
• Air duct - a channel through which polluted air flows from the box to the ventilation system. The diameter of the duct can be different: 110–150 mm. In addition, there are square and rectangular ducts.

Note!
When working with an open flame, the product must be equipped with a flame extinguishing filter.

Depending on the type of device, the design may have some nuances. For example, recuperative ventilation hoods do not have an air duct, as they are not connected to general ventilation. The air in such devices is finely cleaned and goes back into the room.

Thus, the principle of operation of the structure is quite simple - polluted air is sucked into the hood, it is cleaned there to prevent it, and then it is discharged outside through the ducts.

Views

All existing kitchen umbrellas differ in several ways:

Household and industrial hoods

An industrial ventilation hood is in many ways similar to household hoods.

The difference is only in a few points, such as:

• Size - industrial devices are much larger, since they cover the area of \u200b\u200bindustrial furnaces.
• The fan power is much higher.
• Filters - industrial hoods have special grease traps, from which settled impurities drain into a special glass. Such a drive must be periodically emptied and washed with soapy water. Household devices, as a rule, have paper and fiber disposable filters.

I must say that the difference between industrial and household hoods is sometimes not very pronounced. For example, in cottages, devices are often installed that are very similar in their characteristics to industrial hoods.

Note!
The price of these products mainly depends on the fan power, dimensions and the availability of additional functions.

Installation methods

As mentioned above, there are two types of hoods according to the installation method:

• Island ventilation umbrellas - suspended from the ceiling. They are often installed above the stoves in the middle of the room. As a rule, such devices contain several rows of filters.
• Wall-mounted - as you might guess from the name, they are mounted to the wall. Such structures are often installed above kitchen stoves located near the wall. It is quite simple to install such a hood with your own hands.

Note!
When installing the hood above the stove, according to GOST for the hoods of ventilation systems, it must be at least 100 mm larger than the hood.
This will avoid highlighting harmful substances into the environment.

Here, perhaps, are all the main differences between local exhaust installations, knowing which, you can choose the most suitable device for a particular case.

Output

Exhaust hoods are widely used in everyday life and in the food industry, as they provide high-quality removal of polluted air. In addition, the instructions for their operation and maintenance are extremely simple. The main thing is to choose the right device for each individual case, especially for industrial devices.

From the video in this article, you can pick up some additional information on this topic.

In any kitchen, there is a problem with odors that occur during cooking. This smell can spread throughout the apartment, which is not always pleasant. And during cooking, drops of fat and oil can fly off from food and food. How to get rid of such problems? There is a way out of this situation, and it is quite simple - to install an exhaust kitchen umbrella. It will get rid of both odors and volatile substances.

What is a hood umbrella?

This is a device installed directly in the place where food is being prepared, that is, next to the stove. It removes hot steam and air from the kitchen, as well as odors and impurities. Exhaust hoods should correspond to the dimensions of the plate or be slightly larger than it, but not less. Such a device can be installed in the kitchen an ordinary apartment and even in large canteens. In this case, it all depends on the size of the hood and its type.

Basic types

Such a device for air purification can be of 2 types: an exhaust umbrella and a supply and exhaust umbrella. The first option is used for filtering from grease and dust, as well as for removing air from the room. It does not allow fat particles to enter the general system; they accumulate in a special receiver with filters installed in it. That is why the device, or rather the receiver, needs regular manual cleaning.

The second type of hood performs the same functions - it removes air from the room and cleans it of various elements. But the main difference from the previous type is that in the exhaust hoods with a supply system, another additional function is performed - it pumps fresh air into the kitchen.

Hood material

Both types of hoods are most often made of durable stainless steel. It allows the system to work for a long time without suffering from constant humidity. Caring for such material is easy and simple.

Kitchen hoods are cleaned by filters installed in them, which are also often made of steel material. This simplifies the maintenance and cleaning of the equipment. The food steel used in this case has the highest strength indicators, meeting all quality standards.

Some models use special types of stainless steel. They can easily withstand exposure chemical substances of different origins, including acids. But mainly systems made of such steel are installed in production. In addition to steel, other, less durable materials such as aluminum or glass can be used for the production of an exhaust hood. Although such models are a rare phenomenon.

Varieties of kitchen umbrellas

Exhaust kitchen umbrellas are divided not only by type, but also by varieties, depending on the method of placement:

1. Flat.
2. Embedded.
3. Dome.

Flat exhaust hood

The flat hood is the most economical. It does not have an outlet to the air duct and works according to the circular principle. This system, when compared with other analogs, works quite noisy. Also in the flat hood there is a filter that needs to be changed or cleaned regularly.

Built-in extractor hood

Unlike flat devices built-in models of exhaust hoods are much quieter. A built-in hood is installed directly above the working surface of the hob. In addition to the circular mode, the built-in devices provide for operation in the tap mode.

The last type is domed exhaust umbrellas. They are most in demand and popular among housewives. They can be fixed by various methods to the wall or to the ceiling. That is, they are divided into 2 subtypes: domed and wall-mounted. They work in circular mode and in the air extraction mode, just like the previous models of exhaust hoods. This variety kitchen umbrellas possesses high indicators of power and degree of air purification of an apartment or house from odors and impurities.

At what height should the hood be mounted?

From what distance from hob the kitchen hood is fixed, the quality of its work depends. So, for example, if a gas-powered stove is installed in the kitchen, then the optimal height for installing the hood will be about 80 cm.If the stove is electric, then exhaust umbrellas should be mounted at a height of about 60 cm.More detailed information on specific models can be found during purchasing them from consultants. It can also be found in the instructions supplied with the hood.

Exhaust hood filters

The main element required for the full operation of the hoods is a filter. It is with its help that the air is purified. It can be single layer or multi layer, disposable and reusable. Basically, 2 types of filters are used to clean the air in the kitchen: grease filters and spark-suppressing nets.

Grease labyrinth filters are designed to trap fat elements in the air. Spark suppression screens are used in filters if the kitchen hood is installed in the immediate vicinity of the fire source, directly above the stove. If the filter is reusable, it can be cleaned if it gets dirty with plain water, and after that the hood will be ready for use again.

Beneficial features

Any model of an exhaust hood has a number of positive characteristics, including:

1. Moisture resistance.
2. Durability.
3. Resistant to any kind of dirt.
4. Easy to care for.
5. Resistance to mechanical damage.

This is primarily due to the fact that most models of hoods are made of stainless steel. It is easy to clean because it is not afraid of water and has high strength. And filters are made from the same material.

But how to install hoods? It is best to invite a specialist to correctly install the exhaust hood. But in some cases, the installation can be done independently. The main thing is to correctly determine the most suitable place for the hood, and the rest depends only on personal skills.

Ventilation plant "Bastion" offers its customers quality products, manufactured on time. The company is one of the market leaders not only in St. Petersburg, but throughout Russia.

In this article we will tell you about the use of hoods in various conditions.

Principle of operation and varieties

In the kitchen of a modern housewife and in catering establishments, an exhaust ventilation hood or dome is installed. Its main task is to clean the air of the room from high humidity, odors, various impurities, the occurrence of which is associated with the cooking process.

The exhaust hood is component part quality system ventilation in the premises. Installation takes place over sources high temperaturein particular over slabs, hobs, open fire. The dome removes humid hot air, unpleasant odorsas well as soot, grease, soot, dust, chemicals.

Air purification from harmful impurities is also necessary in laboratories, in chemical and industrial industries, etc., where the production process takes place with the release of harmful substances into space, which can harm workers and the environment in general.

The umbrella is a domed structure, hence the second name - the dome. Connected to the ventilation system by an air duct. There are central (island) and wall-mounted, depending on the installation site.

Wall-mounted units are mounted directly on the wall. With a large weight, additional brackets are used for fixing. Central appliances are installed directly above the work surface, without touching the walls. Island umbrellas have a large carrying capacity.

A modern dome is not only a complex device, but also a decorative element. Factory facilities allow the production of umbrellas in accordance with the general interior of the room.

There is no fundamental difference in structure between household ventilation domes used in private households and industrial ones, they differ only in size and power characteristics. Indoor umbrellas have a common structure:

• Grease filter. It is mesh (made of a mesh with small cells) and labyrinth (a plate with grooves through which condensed fat enters a special compartment). The first type of filter is cost-effective, it is installed only in a horizontal position, it can be additionally equipped with a spark arrestor mesh, but it requires frequent cleaning. The labyrinth grease trap is installed only in an inclined position, does not require frequent washing.
• Spark arresting mesh. An obligatory element when installing ventilation domes over open fire sources, for example, over barbecues, grills.
• Pendants. Part of a mounting system that allows the umbrella to be fixed to a wall or ceiling, distributing the weight correctly.
• Turbines. The equipment is designed to induce the movement of air masses from the room. When installing, the center of the work surface and the dome should be correctly identified in order to achieve maximum efficiency. The section of the entrance of the exhaust hood must exceed the dimensions of the slab or other equipment over which it is suspended. Suspension heights vary from 0.7 to 1.1 meters.

When choosing a manufacturer of an exhaust hood, give preference to domestic factories, so you can save your budget, and the quality of modern products from a reliable seller is confirmed by certificates and quality control.

It should be noted that the hoods of ventilation systems have a completely simple design. The rectangular chimney umbrella consists of a main body, a grease collecting tray and filters that carry out. Filters are always installed at exactly 45 degrees Celsius.

If we are talking about supply and exhaust hoods, then in this case it is imperative to use a grill or a device such as a diffuser.

In some cases, duct umbrellas are equipped with additional elements, for example, connection ears, fans, lamps and many others.

1 Principle of operation of the ventilation hood

This device works as follows. The air that lends itself to the processing process, as a result of which it becomes hot, has a much lower density, and therefore rises to the top, and it is replaced by cold air currents.

Then the air enters the pipe and passes through special grease filters, where it is saturated with a large amount of oil vapor, due to which it begins to cool over time.

Ultimately, passing through such a pipe due to strong temperature changes, the oil condenses, air flows begin to separate from it and allow the fat to drain into the bath through special channels.

In turn, the air, which after such a process is purified, enters the round or.

2 Device classification

Today two types of rectangular umbrellas are used for the chimney:

1. Exhaust hoods ... Their main purpose is the complete elimination of unnecessary gases, substances, combustion products from the chimney. Strongly heated air streams are drawn in by the umbrella, after which they are transported through a pipe, where grease filters are located, and ultimately are forwarded back to the air duct, with the help of which they are removed from the building. All this can be easily done by hand.
2. Supply and exhaust hoods ... Thanks to them, both the exhaust of polluted air and the flow of new, clean air into the room are provided. These umbrellas are best used in those rooms where, due to certain circumstances, the flow of clean air is limited. It is always necessary to carry out the calculation taking into account the fact that the volumes of supplied and extracted air flows will always differ from each other. Therefore, in no case should you count on the fact that exhaust hoods will contribute to the complete destruction of odors, gases and other substances. Although the chimney, of course, will work much more efficiently.

There is also a classification by type of construction. So, exhaust and supply and exhaust rectangular and round umbrellas are divided into island and wall.

2.1 DIY installation and calculation features

I would like to note that installing such umbrellas with your own hands is quite real, since in fact there is nothing complicated in such work. Below are some of the most popular ways to install a chimney umbrella.

• Method number 1. Installation of wall-mounted hoods using anchors. After a certain calculation, the length of the umbrella is selected and 2 or 3 equal holes are drilled in the back of the wall. Using enlarged models of washers, the hood is first attracted and then mounted on the wall. It is very important that the wall is perfectly flat.
• Do-it-yourself installation of rectangular umbrellas through collets and hairpins to the ceiling. At the very beginning, it is necessary to drill 4 identical holes under the studs. All these holes are drilled strictly along the edges of the umbrella, after which the device is attached directly to the ceiling. A modern chimney works perfectly if this option is used. The only drawback is that the calculation of the ceiling height to the standard length of the stud does not allow the use of this technology if the height of the room is more than 4 meters.
• Installation of chimney hoods using various cables and chains through anchors and brackets to the ceiling. In order to do everything with your own hands, you need to weld 4 brackets of the required parameters to the upper horizontal part of the umbrella, after which, using a carabiner, securely fix the chain or cable. The other end of such a chain or cable must also be securely connected to the ceiling. Among the disadvantages of this method, one can note the instability of the structure, therefore, it is not at all easy to tie it with air ducts, but such a scheme is perfect for a chimney.

As you can see, it is not at all difficult to carry out the installation with your own hands. The main thing is to adjust the umbrella as close as possible to the chimney pipe and take into account some of the nuances.

Application area

Supply, exhaust and exhaust hoods of ventilation systems are widely used today by industrial enterprises and not only. Such systems are widely used in catering establishments such as restaurants, canteens, bars, food factories, cafes, and so on.

Also, the installation of umbrellas is carried out over all kinds of devices of thermal equipment, in particular, this applies to deep fryers, gas stoves, ovens. If the calculation made allows the installation of such umbrellas, then they are also used in different industrial premises - food, pharmacological, physical, chemical.

2.2 It looks like a rectangular ventilation umbrella - video