Cabinet furniture production: business plan. Furniture business - from assembly at home to production in the workshop Build a furniture workshop

• Staff
• findings

Natural wood furniture will never lose its relevance. The demand for wooden furniture shows a stable growth from year to year, despite the fact that there are many furniture made from alternative materials (glass, plastic, metal). The main reasons for this are high environmental friendliness, the absence of toxic impurities, moreover, the tree carries positive energy and warmth.

Assortment of production from natural wood

Wood is the best raw material for making furniture for the kitchen and children's room.
That is why a properly organized business for the production of wood products will always find its client. The list of products that can be made from wood is very diverse:

• Tables;
• Chairs;
• Furniture for restaurants and bars;
• Gazebos and furniture for summer cottages;
• Doors and wall panels;
• Sofas and armchairs for offices;
• Cabinet furniture;
• Kitchen sets;
• Playgrounds;
• Game tables (billiards, poker);
• etc.
  

What taxation system to choose for a wood furniture business

The organizational and legal form of an enterprise for the production of wooden furniture can be either an ordinary individual enterprise or a limited liability company. For small shops, at the initial stage, an ordinary individual entrepreneur is quite suitable, since the registration of this activity (as well as the closure) is many times easier and cheaper than opening a legal entity (LLC).

But, individual entrepreneurs cannot create their branches, large firms are not so willing to work with them, and entrepreneurs have more risks of losing personal property (in case of lawsuits) than legal entities (which only risk the property of an LLC).

Therefore, with the enlargement of the business, registration of an LLC promises a lot of advantages. As a taxation system, the most optimal is a simplified taxation system - STS, 6% of revenue or 15% of profit.

The use of the simplified tax system exempts the company from paying income tax, property tax and VAT. Transition to this special. the regime is carried out directly at the time of business registration on the basis of a notification.

What is the OKVED for a business for the production of wooden furniture

When registering entrepreneurship, the OKVED code must be indicated in the application. The following codes are suitable for the production and sale of wooden furniture:

• 36.12 Manufacture of furniture for offices and trade enterprises;
• 36.13 Manufacturing kitchen furniture;
• 36.14 Manufacture of other furniture
• 51.47.11 Wholesale trade household furniture;
• 52.44.1 Retail trade of furniture;
• 52.44.5 Retail sale of wood products, cork and wicker products;
• 52.61.2 Retail trade carried out directly through television, radio, telephone and the Internet.

If you open an individual business, then in the application you should indicate all the OKVEDs for which you plan to work (you can at least 30, it will not be superfluous). If you are registering an LLC, you can specify only one code, since the charter of the LLC will state that the Company can engage in any kind of activity that does not contradict the legislation.

As for the license. Compulsory licensing and certification of manufactured furniture is not established by law. But, some enterprises voluntarily issue quality certificates for their products (to increase sales). In this case, compliance with such norms and standards as:

• GOST 16371-93 “Furniture. General technical conditions ";
• GOST 28793-90. Furniture. Tables. Determination of stability
• GOST 28777-90. Furniture. Test methods for cots
• GOST R 50051-92. Furniture. Chairs. Determination of stability
• GOST 19917-93 “Furniture for sitting and lying. General technical conditions ";
• GOST 19194-73 “Furniture. Method for determining the strength of fastening of furniture legs ";
• GOST R 54208-2010 “Protective and decorative coatings on furniture made of wood and wood materials. Classification and designations ".
• GOST 13715-78 “Joinery Plates. Technical conditions ";
• GOST 30255-95. Furniture, wood and polymer materials.

What equipment to choose for the production of natural wood furniture

To organize furniture production a complete cycle will need to be purchased: thicknessing machine, planer, drilling and grooving machine, circular saw for cutting wide boards, a milling machine, a grinding machine, a turning-milling copying machine, a spray gun, a drilling-filler machine, an edge banding machine and other auxiliary equipment. The main supplier of equipment is China and Taiwan.

How much money is needed to start a business for the production of natural wood furniture

Estimated costs for the purchase of equipment for organizing the production of full cycle wood furniture are 700 - 1000 thousand rubles (including accessories).

Raw materials used for furniture production

For the manufacture of wooden furniture, ready-made furniture boards or an edged solid board are used. The most popular types of wood are: pine, oak, beech, hornbeam, alder, birch, larch. Sawed and dried boards are purchased from forestries, timber industry enterprises and private firms.

One m3 of edged pine boards will cost about 6500-7500 rubles. Particular attention should be paid to the production of paintwork. The varnish protects the wood from external influences, increases the resistance to moisture, thereby increasing the life of the furniture. For best results, the wood is varnished at least three times and dried thoroughly after each application.

Expert tips for creating natural wood furniture

Step-by-step plan for starting a wood products business

The size of the premises for organizing the furniture business directly depends on the planned production volume. If we are talking about a complete production cycle (and not a “garage version), then the following departments are required:

1. Production workshop - a place where woodworking machines and other equipment will be located;
2. Assembly shop - a place for assembling wooden furniture from pre-prepared parts;
3. Paint shop - a room for paintwork;
4. Dryer or drying chamber;
5. Finished goods warehouse / raw materials warehouse;
6. Production staff room;
7. Restroom, shower room;
8. Premises for administrative staff and sales managers.

The requirements for the production area are standard and require heating, water supply, ventilation, a 3-phase network, and a fire safety system.

Manufacturing technology and manufacturing of wood furniture

The full cycle of wood furniture production includes the following stages:

Stage 1. Preparation of a working sketch. At this stage, technologists develop three-dimensional models and working drawings of the future product.

Stage 2. Wood preparation for production. At this stage, the type of wood is selected, as well as the drying of the solid wood for 10 days until its moisture content drops to 80% of the initial values.

Stage 3. Dissolution furniture board using a multi-saw machine. At this stage, the bark is removed and the board is cut to the specified dimensions.

Stage 4. The cut-to-length machine removes knots, resin pockets, curves and other defects.

Stage 5. Splicing bars lengthwise - preparation of lamellas. Wooden blanks are laid out on the table, aligned along the edge and pressed with a press from above and on the sides. Upon reaching the programmed length, the lamellas are cut and sent to the press.

Stage 6. Bonding lamellas. The lamellas undergo double-sided grinding and glued on a fan press, taking into account the guiding fibers. The gluing time is 40-50 minutes.

Stage 7. Forming the shield of the desired size using a band-dividing machine.

Stage 8. Planing lamellas from both sides on a thicknessing machine.

Step 9. Sawing the furniture board to the desired thickness using a sizing and grinding machine.

Step 10. To create additional strength, the solid wood is trimmed with veneer.

Step 11. Reamer of the mounting holes on a drilling and filler machine. The production of individual pieces of furniture is carried out on automated machines according to the specified parameters. These machines make all the necessary cuts, cutouts and veneer edges.

Step 12. Finished products are subject to control checks for defects and defects.

Stage 13. All parts are sanded 3 times for perfect smoothness of the product.

Stage 14. Furniture varnishing and painting in accordance with the specified design.

Step 15. Drying of the product.

Stage 16. Product packaging and sending to the finished product warehouse. In addition to the full cycle, there is also a short production cycle. This is when ready-made dried panels are used as raw materials for the production of wood products, which are polished, sawn into certain parts, assembled and varnished.

Staff

The mandatory staff of even a small enterprise for the production of wooden furniture includes:

• constructor-designer;
• technologist;
• carpenters-machine operators (from 4 persons);
• carvers;
• auxiliary workers (from 2 persons);
• sales Manager.
  

Also, the company will need an accountant, a cleaner, a personnel officer and a lawyer. However, most small businesses outsource these workers in order to save money. It is not profitable to arrange such employees for a full-time job, with small production volumes.

findings

Organization of full cycle wood furniture production is a very complicated matter. The project manager has to solve such important issues as: selection of qualified personnel, staff motivation, selection of high-quality wood and paints and varnishes, purchase of expensive equipment and tools, study and implementation of carpentry technologies, regular retraining of production personnel, management of sales, processes, people and much more.

It is for this reason that many inexperienced beginners in this field will inevitably collapse. According to some market players, the best way to study the industry with minimal risk is to organize the business in a somewhat "truncated form". For example, you can only design furniture and entrust the manufacturing processes to an experienced artisan. The key task of organizing a business will be to find a responsible and competent partner.

Professional business plans on the topic:

• Furniture production business plan (36 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
• Furniture store business plan (39 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

How much can you earn on the production of wood furniture

The payback period for such a business is on average 2 years. The competition in this area is big enough and in order for your business to flourish, you need to take care of the quality of products all the time, conduct market and competitor analysis, conduct advertising activities and attract new customers through continuous improvement and expansion of the product range.

With the right business organization, annual net income will be up to 40 percent of costs, which is definitely a good enough indicator.

What documents are needed to open a business for the production of wooden furniture

First you need to decide on the legal form of the enterprise. The organizational and legal form will depend on the choice of potential consumers of your products - individuals, small entrepreneurs, or legal entities and institutions. Required documents for LLC registration:

1. The name of the company.
2. Opening decision protocol.
3. Information about the founder and accountant.
4. Requisites.
5. Charter.
6. A document confirming the payment of the state fee.

Do I need permissions to start a business

List of permits for starting a business for the production of wooden furniture:

1. Trade license.
2. Permission from SES.
3. Fire department permission.
4. Product certification.

An experienced lawyer will assist you in obtaining all permits and certificates, which will significantly reduce the time for registration.

Today IQ Review publishes a production story. Few people want to do this, because the buy-sell scheme requires much less skills and labor costs. However, there are daredevils. This is the story of an “ideological” married couple who wanted to make the world a little better. You will learn what mistakes they made and what it takes to be successful in production.

How we decided to start the production and sale of cabinet furniture made of chipboard

My name is Irina, I live in Irkutsk, my husband and I were 26 years old at the beginning of the start of the business in 2013, we will close soon (2.5 years of activity).

Manufacture of cabinet furniture

My husband and I had a dream - to do our own business. But not just by buying and selling, but by production needed by people things to be useful. My husband was good at designing and making cabinet furniture from chipboard (laminated particle board), he really liked to translate his ideas into tangible objects and make familiar things comfortable.

At first, it was furniture for one's home and for friends and relatives, and then small private orders from other people appeared. After that I had experience as a furniture project manager in industrial production. And we decided, that's all - it's time to start doing furniture production on our own, and not work for "uncle". Of course, we had no experience in running our own business, and we began to study this issue.

In general, a manufacturing business involves a complex system. You need to immediately have a room, equipment, qualified personnel, transport. Think about suppliers and many other things, and at the same time, so that not a single element falls out of sight.

As for the production of furniture specifically, these rather bulky items also require a lot of space: for large machine tools, storage of materials and finished products, as well as space for work at different stages of production.

Many have told us about the high competition in this segment - and indeed, the furniture market is one of the actively growing ones. The volume of the Russian market of cabinet furniture is already more than 4 billion dollars a year (author's data as of the end of 2015 - ed.)... But furniture production is mostly concentrated in the Central District of Russia, and our region produces only 2.9% of the total.

We have decided on our target audience - these are clients with low and middle income. The basic material for our production is relatively inexpensive (laminated chipboard) and is widely used, and fittings and furniture facades were chosen for each project, depending on the customer's budget.

We planned to be engaged in the production of cabinet furniture only (this includes models with a hard case and the absence of soft parts) in areas, including built-in furniture:

• Kitchen sets
• Furniture for bedrooms
• Living room furniture
• Hallway furniture
• Office furniture

We had several variants of the concept for the project: the manufacture of furniture for private orders for individuals and legal entities, the creation of collections of typical furniture for different segments of buyers and its implementation through the shops of the city and region. We even wanted to create an online store of ready-made furniture solutions (we started to do it), and then our own chain of stores. But we decided that first we will focus on working on individual order, and then we will think about a line of typical pieces of furniture.
At the same time, we were going to actively work on creating and promoting their brand, focusing on quality, ergonomics and non-standard design (as far as possible with such materials).

Furniture production business plan

We did not have our own initial capital - only ideas, a desire to change the world and a small client base. They hoped only for themselves and believed in luck. Since we had nothing to hire workers for, we divided our work responsibilities among ourselves: my husband completely covered the production at all stages, took orders, worked with suppliers and communicated with clients personally. In addition, he was engaged in general strategy and the search for points of sale. And I got marketing, advertising, public relations, taxes and future personnel.

It was planned to invest 5-8 million rubles in business over five years at the expense of profits, loans and investments from outside. These funds were supposed to gradually acquire the necessary equipment and premises. By the end of the investment, the total number of employees was going to be increased to 18 people (director, accountant, sales manager, designer-technologist, storekeeper, 11 production workers and two loaders). The minimum planned sales volume at the end of the first year of operation was supposed to be 400 thousand rubles per month.

How to get a subsidy of 300,000 rubles for a small business

We were not going to write a real business plan (we thought that everything would be counted), but just at that time the city administration announced a competition for projects to provide subsidies to small and medium-sized businesses. Investments in the business of 300,000 rubles practically without obligations interested us very much, and we decided to try to participate in the competition.

For this, my husband registered as an individual entrepreneur, and we began to collect the necessary documents and draw up a business plan. The simplified taxation system of 15% was chosen as taxation - the most convenient option for production with high costs.

It was important at the beginning of the work to find suitable premises and equipment. We were very lucky that we managed to agree on the lease of a workshop with the necessary machines of the former operating production. There was everything that was needed for normal work for the first time. Of course, not in excellent condition, but it was possible to work. The husband himself learned to repair machines. We drew up a contract with the landlord, discussed the price for a long time, but we decided that we would handle everything. The advantage of this room was the close delivery of the main material for production. We carried out the delivery of small items by personal transport, which, of course, affected its quality.

We completed all the documents and wrote the business plan ourselves. We barely managed to collect documents confirming the expenses for the required amount (15% of the requested subsidy - 45,000 rubles) from the beginning of the IP registration. Let me remind you that we had no money at all, so it was necessary to have time to complete several orders for furniture and from this already write down the costs. We barely had time to collect everything, having submitted the documents for the subsidy in the last minutes. We won the tender for the subsidy, but we got the obligation to constantly report and officially hire three people for six months.

Our main mistakes in business

The subsidy amount of 300,000 rubles was requested for a new edgebanding machine (a piece that quickly glues the edge and reduces the time for making furniture). It was supposed to increase production and profitability. It was the choice of this machine that became one of our main mistakes. Looking back, we understand that it was worth spending the received subsidy on renting a workshop, purchasing materials or basic machines that will be used frequently. But we bought something that stood idle almost all the time. I wanted to buy more new equipment for not very big money. The machine turned out to be inconvenient, difficult to maintain, and there were constantly some problems with the supplier company. Our inexperience and their irresponsibility did their job, the money was wasted.

The quality of work and active promotion really made us a name, and there were always orders. But the husband simply could not physically produce the required volume of products to cover the basic costs. Incomes were rarely more than 100 thousand per month instead of the planned 400 thousand. Debt for renting premises began to accumulate - our biggest expenditure part. And also quarterly taxes, pension contributions and force majeure were added (somehow our workshop was flooded and destroyed a lot of finished products and materials with water). And there were also rash decisions such as renting an office, in which we did not work for a day, and buying a domain for a website.

We decided that it was time to hire workers, especially since the deadline for the obligations for the subsidy was approaching. Our expectations that people will come who are just as good at technology and who want to work hard and earn from the results of their labor, of course, did not come true. Then we started looking for just talented students without experience, but again - nothing. As it turned out, not everyone wants to earn money, most people just want to receive money. So my husband had to work alone with varying degrees of success, seven days a week, and sometimes without sleep.

Since we were still bound by subsidy obligations and had to employ people and pay at least the minimum wage and all deductions from it, we found ourselves in an even bigger financial hole. If it was possible to guess what the receipt of the subsidy would lead to in our case, we would hardly go for it. They would work quietly in the shadows without any taxes and deductions and raise capital for business development. But what's done is done.

We got into fixed costs:

• rent,
• insurance premiums for individual entrepreneurs.

Into variables:

• purchase of materials,
• electricity charge,
• Payroll and payroll taxes,
• tax on simplified taxation system,
• other general and operating expenses.

Due to financial problems, we lost our workshop, and the new machine had to be returned to pay off the debt for rent. We found ourselves without funds for production, and even with obligations to customers. They began to cooperate with another workshop for cutting material, here the husband was already doing the main work. Accordingly, productivity dropped significantly, and we lost customer confidence due to non-compliance with the lead time. After all, now the chain of actions for creating a finished product was very lengthened, and almost every element had its own problems.

In fact, we never had any profit, we always owed someone, borrowed and re-borrowed money. Now we are holding out the fulfillment of the last orders in order to pay off the most urgent obligations and we are closing the activity. You shouldn't have hoped for the opportunity to work in production without any capital. Alas, the dream of creating a strong production has remained only a dream.

• Staff recruitment
• Sales organization
• How much can you earn

Recently, there has been some growth in the market for furniture and furniture production in Russia. In many respects, this is facilitated by two circumstances - an increase in the number of new buildings put into operation and an increase in the income of the country's population. The main influence was made by individual orders, that is, orders for the manufacture of furniture according to the original author's sketches. The expected annual growth of the furniture market, according to experts, is 8-10%. The main prerequisite for the development of the furniture market is the growth of the real estate market.

How to start a furniture manufacturing business

You can open your own furniture manufacturing business in one of two directions:

1. Manufacturing of furniture for individual orders;
2. Serial release.

These areas differ sharply in a number of important parameters, namely, in the general approach to the organization of production, distribution channels, profitability (with serial production it is no more than 15%, and with individual production - more than 25%).

Today, many furniture factories offer sofas of the same design, but completely different quality and at different prices. This is because the formation of Russian furniture production began with copying Western models. The point is that it is expensive to develop a design, make prototypes, and research demand on your own. This can only be afforded by a large enterprise or a highly specialized company operating in the premium segment.

Thus, copying of furniture samples has been profitable until recently. The factories were not very eager to produce any original models, because the consumer was already well versed in what was being done for the broad masses.

However, the situation has changed somewhat recently. Buyers are increasingly paying attention not only to price and quality - now they are also interested in furniture design. Therefore, more and more manufacturers are beginning to implement their own developments, opening design bureaus at their production facilities. In general, the serial production of designer furniture is a promising business. A striking example is Italy, the birthplace of furniture design. Among Italians, the price of furniture is largely determined by the name of its author or brand.

How much money is needed to start a business

The size of the initial investment entirely depends on the "manufacturability" of production. The simpler the technology, the less money is needed to launch furniture production.

The cheapest way to produce furniture from laminate - both cabinet (cabinets, walls) and upholstered. The amount of investment for starting a business (purchase of equipment, repairs, rent) in this case will amount to 2-3 million rubles.

You can purchase equipment on lease - this is an excellent alternative to bank loans. Leasing does not require collateral, which is very important for a beginner entrepreneur who does not have real estate on the balance sheet. In addition, lease payments reduce the tax base.

Contact the state for help - today there is an opportunity to receive free financial assistance from the state, including a grant for starting a business, subsidizing part of the cost of paying interest on a loan, under lease agreements, etc. For more information about the forms of support in your region, ask your local administration or on the websites of the relevant ministries.

What equipment to choose for the production of upholstered furniture

For production upholstered furniture you will need sewing machines (one of three to four different types), a panel saw and a pair of pneumatic guns with a compressor.

Such a set of equipment is enough to organize production with a monthly turnover of 1.5 million rubles.

Upholstered furniture production technology

1. Cutting panel materials into frame shapes and cutting foam rubber for soft elements.
2. Assembly of the frame and the addition of fittings.
3. Upholstery of details and tailoring of covers.
4. Final assembly of upholstered furniture.

What equipment to choose for the production of cabinet furniture

The set of equipment for the production of laminate cabinet furniture is slightly different. You will need to purchase an edge banding machine, a panel saw and a hand held power tool.

Cabinet furniture production technology

1. Sawing panel materials.
2. Facing parts of furniture with edging.
3. Assembly and addition of fittings.

If the company plans to work with veneer, MDF boards and solid wood, then an additional jointer and milling machines for processing solid wood, grinding and calibrating-grinding for processing solid wood and panel materials, hot and cold presses for veneering panel materials with veneer, varnish-and-paint booth for finishing finished furniture.

The technological process in this case becomes somewhat more complicated and will include three stages: veneering, sanding and varnishing with painting. The organization of such production is many times more expensive, since more equipment is required. Working with laminated chipboard ( laminated chipboard) requires the purchase of expensive packaging equipment, as well as large storage facilities, since the volume of sales of furniture made of laminated chipboard with the same monthly revenue turnover is several times higher (by 300-400%) than the volume of sales of furniture made of solid wood and MDF boards. The cost price of furniture production from MDF plywood board is five times higher than production of the same model from chipboard - not so much due to materials, but due to higher labor costs.

If funds for the purchase of expensive equipment are extremely small, then the main part of production processes, including veneering, can be given to third-party organizations. Although this increases the cost of the final product. Outsourcing is profitable when the company specializes in the manufacture of cabinet furniture from laminated chipboard for individual orders, but occasionally they come across clients who want to buy something more expensive and more beautiful, and it is not forgivable to miss such a client. In this case, it makes sense to order semi-finished products on the side, and only assemble them ourselves. But only very small "handicraft" shops work this way.

Selection of premises for production

Finding a suitable room for furniture production is by no means an easy task. The thing is that the premises must meet a number of stringent requirements, which are dictated by the specifics technological process: high fire hazard, high energy consumption, the need to maintain a certain temperature in the room (at least 16-18 gr.). So, at the request of the fire inspection, the main production (furniture finishing) should be located on the first floor of the building. The building itself must have free access roads.

The room should be equipped with a fire alarm system, the installation of which will cost about 500 rubles. for 1 sq. In addition, the installation of an industrial ventilation system will be required, which is also far from cheap. Do not forget about the presence of a stationary water heating system - without this, it will not be possible to organize a normal production process.

What documents are needed to open a furniture manufacturing business

1. Certificate of conformity for finished products. Issued for a three-year period non-profit organizationshaving the appropriate accreditation;
2. Sanitary and hygienic certificate. Issued by Rospotrebnadzor for a period of five years;
3. Conformity certificates for materials used in furniture production. Copies are provided by any bona fide supplier. It is not difficult to go through the certification procedure with these documents - it will take no more than three months.

Staff recruitment

One of the most effective and simple ways personnel search - placing ads in newspapers.

Please note that an experienced carpenter will ask for a salary of at least 35 thousand rubles a month. You will not have much choice, as there is a shortage of qualified personnel in the labor market. The vocational education system in our country is undermined. Even those young people who want to work in production have received such poor training in schools that they do not even know basic safety rules.

The only way to somehow solve this problem is to divide the production process into a number of simple operations and assign several workers to them. In this case, the number of specialists potentially ready to work in your production will increase. However, you should be aware that machine operators will not completely replace cabinetmakers.

The success of a furniture company largely depends on the availability of highly professional engineering and technical specialists. However, there should not be more of them than directly workers at the machine. As the company grows, it will also need IT specialists, as modern machines have software.

As for increasing labor motivation, it is necessary to introduce a piece-rate bonus form of remuneration - this greatly increases the efficiency of personnel. But no one has canceled the "carrot and stick" method either - an elementary fine increases the quality of production and responsibility for observing safety regulations.

Sales organization

No normal production will function without well-developed sales channels. In the case of furniture production, there are several ways to sell products:

1. Working with private customers. With such a scheme, in order to ensure a normal cash flow, more than 15 large turnkey projects must be completed annually. When cooperating with private clients, be prepared for their temporary insolvency, failure to meet the deadlines for approvals, etc.

2. Opening your own retail outlet in a shopping center. This is the easiest way to start selling your own products. The presence of a retail outlet in the shopping center ensures a constant flow of customers, while the company incurs less costs (for security, repairs, advertising, etc.). But, the organization of trade, especially for novice producers, can take a lot of effort. In addition to the actual production problems, it is necessary to solve a lot of tasks unusual for a production worker, including finding a retail space, sales personnel, introducing trade standards, teaching sales techniques, etc. Despite this, having your own retail outlet (and more than one) is very useful.

3. Sales office or head office. Having our own sales office allows us to serve customers of furniture for the home (designers and architects), and also allows you to execute transactions via the Internet. While the World Wide Web cannot provide a large number of distance sales (no more than 10% of the total number of orders), nevertheless, more and more manufacturers are beginning to trust this product distribution channel and consider Internet sales to be very promising.

How much can you earn

I think everyone is very interested in how much you can earn in furniture production? First you need to understand by what criteria the cost of this or that furniture is formed. Most often, actual manufacturers calculate the final cost of finished furniture, the cost of materials (spent on the production of this unit of furniture) and all this is multiplied by a factor of 2x. As a result, this amount will be enough for:

• expenses (purchase of parts, materials, accessories);
• wages to employees;
• rental of premises and warehouses;
• delivery.

As a result, the manufacturer has a small percentage of the profit. Everyone is satisfied with the campaign, both customers (due to the rather low cost) and manufacturers (the clientele is increasing). As a result, receiving a small percentage from each sale (and since there are many customers, it means sales, respectively), the manufacturer has a good income. At the same time, there are "furniture makers" - these are people who do not have high-quality production, equipment, enough workers, warehouses, etc. (they are also called "garage workers") calculate the cost of furniture in a completely different way than the above-described "normal" manufacturers ... Thus, due to the lack of organization of production, "furniture makers" have production costs much higher than those of the official organization. In prices, they take an additional cost for accessories, sawing and processing wood (and other parts), making doors, shipping, wages to workers (furniture assemblers, etc.). And all the costs, the "garage man" multiplies by a personal coefficient, the degree of which depends entirely on his personal views. As a result, the cost of the goods will be higher than that of the manufacturer “according to the rules”. But they also have their own worst enemy - competition. Each "furniture maker" wants to earn as much money as possible, but due to the fact that their number is growing every day, they begin to reduce prices in order to take the goods from them, after a certain period of time their business goes into complete bankruptcy and they have to close.

What OKVED to indicate when registering a furniture manufacturing business

For the registration of furniture production, the main OKVED code is 31.X. Under the X can be used various industries furniture production. For instance:

• for the production of furniture for offices and trade enterprises, the code is used - 31.01;
• production of kitchen furniture - 31.02;
• production of other furniture - 31.09;
• if furniture is sold, then the basic code is 52.X.

What taxation system to choose for business registration

It is impossible to say exactly which taxation system to choose. It all depends on some factors. If you have a large number of legal clients. persons, then undoubtedly LLC - it will be easier for them to work with you. If you want to create furniture based on a patent, then it is worth choosing an individual entrepreneur, but this will limit the number of possible employees.

Do I need permission to open a furniture production

Yes need. To do this, the employer needs to take some kind of permission that allows for high-risk work, as well as the use of various machines, mechanisms, equipment of increased risk. There is also a short course on labor protection and safety briefings to be carried out.

In this material:

How to start a furniture business from scratch? You can also find enterprises that make furniture without equipment and some serious production facilities. But the consumer is already tired of cheap walls and tables, chipboard furniture, which falls apart in a few years. Now more requirements are imposed on the goods produced. To meet them, you will have to open a full-fledged furniture production workshop.

Market Review

Where to start furniture production? Before you open a furniture shop, tune in that small and medium-sized businesses in this direction are characterized by specialization in something specific. You should not grab onto the production of everything in a row, but you should try to make every effort to gain a foothold in some narrow niche. This is a fundamental rule in the strategy of survival in the furniture industry. You can focus on your own production of the following furniture:

• body;
• soft;
• advertising;
• for trade organizations.

Advertising furniture is used to decorate points of sale and attract as many buyers as possible to a product or service. For trade organizations, such as stores, pharmacies, shopping centers, salons, special shelves and showcases are required, on which the assortment will be displayed.

Furniture manufacturing involves a large number of specializations. Efforts can be concentrated on the collection of any products with limited functionality, such as, for example, Euro pallets or computer tables, but you can make glass tables and cabinets, make furniture from some specific material - plastic, natural wood.

Manufacturing furniture as a business doesn't just mean creating goods. Services for the restoration of cabinet and upholstered furniture are also popular. These services are especially in demand among citizens with a low level of income, and there are a lot of them in the country. The opposite direction is the restoration and restoration of antiques. In this case, the services will be in demand in regions that are economically developed.

An unoccupied niche in this market is the production of wicker furniture. It can be mastered by a small enterprise, however, wicker chairs, sofas, wardrobes continue to be imported from abroad, leaving them in the high price segment.

An excellent specialization for small and medium businesses is built-in furniture. In this case, it is required individual approach to every client. Large enterprises cannot meet individual customer requirements.

To see if it makes sense to start a furniture business, look at the trend in related areas. If the real estate market is developing, foreign cars, the market for antiques and advertising services is developing and this dynamics can be observed in the next two or three years, you can start in this direction. On the other hand, there will always be demand for furniture: after its decline, the upward trend returns very quickly.

Organization of production

Where to start making furniture? Once you have decided on your specialization, you need to find a suitable room. The minimum required area that is required is 200 m 2. Its rent will cost 1300-6500 rubles per year for 1 m 2. This range of prices depends on the region.

In Moscow and St. Petersburg, you need to tune in to the cost of 1 m 2 in 5-6.5 tons. per year, and in regions, especially economically undeveloped, it is quite possible to count on the lowest prices. The average indicator is 3300 rubles per year for 1 m 2. Total rent will cost 650-660 rubles. in year. If you manage to rent a room for a long-term lease cheaper, that will be very good.

On equipment, depending on the specialization, it is necessary to spend from 350 rubles. up to 1.5 million rubles. This does not include the purchase of office equipment, software, a truck, which will deliver furniture to the consumer or to points of sale. You can buy both standard machines and entire production lines, which are made to order.

Pay attention to the purchase of quality components. Immediately, take into account that it is impossible to produce furniture that will be of high quality and competitive, while relying only on parts and accessories of domestic production. We will have to establish contacts with distributors of foreign companies that offer everything you need for furniture production.

Decide in advance and make a list of suppliers of components, conclude contracts for the supply:

• mDF boards;
• laminated boards;
• films on plates;
• paints and varnishes;
• fittings;
• aluminum profiles;
• sliding systems.

At the initial stage, it is necessary to duplicate suppliers for each position. Diversify the assortment so that it is not only the production of furniture from chipboard. In the course of the work, some of them will be eliminated, cooperation will continue only with some of them, which proved to be reliable and profitable in the price range.

Further, it remains to resolve the issue with the staff. The level of training of employees must be high, but it also requires high payment. You can organize your training according to your specialty, if you have experience and qualified personnel for this.

The staff of the furniture shop should include:

• master;
• assembly fitter;
• joiners;
• glazier.

The production workshop can accommodate from 10 to 50 people, depending on the volume of production.

In addition to them, you also need:

• driver;
• sales Manager;
• courier;
• storekeeper;
• designer.

The general wage fund (payroll), if there are no more than 15 employees, is from 350 rubles.

These calculations are valid for the general case. Depending on the specialization and scale of the region, they can change both downward and upward. For example, for economically underdeveloped regions, the wage fund will decrease, but for Moscow and St. Petersburg it will increase several times. Let's consider specific examples on niches for the production of cabinet and upholstered furniture.

Manufacture of cabinet furniture

The technology for the production of cabinet furniture includes the following:

• preparation of a project of a conceived product in different planes;
• work on cutting materials, forming parts of the future product;
• work on drilling holes and sockets for fasteners;
• work on facing cut edges;
• final assembly of finished furniture.

This process depends on how automated it is. It is believed that the use of CNC machines reduces the percentage of manual labor, increases the automation of the process. The operator of such a machine only needs to enter dimensions data into the program, create the required product and the machine, after starting, will cut out everything that is needed in a few minutes. This manufacturing method is considered advanced and high-tech.

The disadvantage of such production is that it is considered unprofitable to constantly reconfigure the program for an individual order. Therefore, for work with individual orders, the use of CNC machines is not suitable. The best option is the organization of furniture production on several machines, which form a semi-automatic line with combined manual labor.

For such a workshop for the manufacture of furniture, you will need to purchase the following equipment and tools:

• panel saw with manual feed of materials;
• edge banding machine, with which straight edges, concave and convex elements are faced;
• drilling and filler machine, which allows you to make holes - both blind and open;
• grinding machine;
• screwdrivers and puncher;
• cutters, drills, knives.

With all this, you can count on a simultaneous monthly release of 100 units:

• cabinets;
• tables;
• pedestals;
• shelving.

A total of 400 units of finished products. The expenditure part must include the costs:

• for materials;
• for electricity,
• for advertising;
• for depreciation.

In addition, the cost of furniture production is formed by the payroll and rent. The payroll together with taxes on wages is about 400 thousand rubles, rent - 50-55 thousand rubles. The prime cost of these 400 products will be about 500 tons.

The cost of a table or pedestal varies from 2.3-3.3 tons, and the cost of cabinets and shelves - 3.5-5 tons. The approximate income will be 1160-1660 tons. The profit will be 590-1060 tons. per month. This is the perfect calculation. To get real numbers, the final values \u200b\u200bcan be halved, even if labor efficiency is high.

Production of upholstered furniture

The demand for upholstered furniture among the population forms one sixth of the total furniture market, which makes this niche very promising and attractive for both medium and small businesses.

There is a trend towards custom-made sofas and armchairs, which enables small businesses to successfully compete with large businesses that will not chase individual customers. It is convenient for small and medium-sized businesses to produce small batches of armchairs and sofas.

For small and medium-sized businesses, this niche is also attractive because it does not require the purchase of expensive equipment.

Basic operations are performed manually. Finally, such small and medium-sized businesses easily adapt to fashion trends, are ready to quickly fulfill an order, even if a new product has just appeared on the market. For this, the factory needs a quarter to transfer equipment and technological process to the release of some specific models. A small workshop can only provide the customer with a whole line of models through combinations of upholstery, fittings and materials, thereby gaining from exclusivity.

The production of upholstered furniture requires the acquisition of the following machines:

• combined - for wood processing;
• edged multi-saw;
• turning;
• milling;
• trimming;
• grinding.

Their total cost is 150-160 tons. In addition to machines, drying equipment and pneumatic clamps, as well as hand tools, sewing machine and cutting tables. This is another 40 tons. In total, the technology for the production of upholstered furniture will require about 200 tons of equipment and tools.

In addition to equipment for production workshop need to purchase and office equipment - office equipment and furniture with a total cost of 60-90 tons. This equipment allows the production of up to 100 sofas monthly, each of which can be offered for sale at a price of 7.5 tons. The income of the enterprise will be from 750 tons.

The costs of its production of upholstered furniture are:

• FOT - 150-250 rubles;
• rent - 50 thousand rubles;
• materials - 150 tons;
• electricity, utilities, internet, communications - 20 t. p .;
• advertising - 30-50 rubles;
• unforeseen expenses - 40-60 tons.

Total total production costs are 440-580 tons. The profit of the enterprise before taxes is 170-310 tons, and after - 160-290 tons. The real profit value will be 1.5-2 times lower. The average payback period for investments in equipment and tools in this type of activity, if the efficiency is high, is considered normal from 4 months.

Consider the production of facades. The number of enterprises that specialize in this is growing every year, but many manufacturers have these products not of high quality. Buyers are ready to spend more money on high-quality facades, therefore, if you focus on product quality, do not seek to lower the cost at the expense of it, then the production of facades can be a very profitable enterprise.

To open its own production, it will take 1.5 million rubles. One equipment, its purchase, delivery and installation will cost 1 million rubles. You also need to provide for the purchase of raw materials for a month of furniture production, which will cost another 250-300 tons.

One person can work on the equipment, so the payroll will be small. In a month, such a furniture production workshop produces 400-500 m 2 of MDF facades. The cost of 1 m 2 reaches 1 t. P. The income of such an enterprise is 400-500 tons. Consumable part - up to 200 tons. The initial investment will pay off in 8-12 months.

What to focus on?

How to organize your furniture manufacturing business to achieve high labor efficiency? First, it is imperative that safety precautions are followed. Second, the staff must have a personal interest in high and quality production. Therefore, establish that the salary is formed from a flat rate and a percentage for the work performed, and the marriage is deducted from the salary. This will raise the motivation of workers and improve labor efficiency.

After the work is adjusted in the shop, engage in an active search for customers. You can sell products both through retail chains in your city, and in other cities.

It is very good if there is an online store for the sale of manufactured furniture. If you invest in its promotion and contextual advertising, it allows you to increase sales several times, while advertising costs will be low.

Order a business plan

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In this article:

The furniture business can be developed in two ways - to sell furniture already made by someone or to produce your own. But it is much more profitable to combine these two streams into one channel. And the simplest option for organizing your own furniture production is to open a workshop for the production of cabinet furniture.

What is included in the category "cabinet furniture"

Cabinet furniture is a piece of furniture that has a "box" structure and is intended to be located along the walls. This category includes: tables, shelves, wardrobes, cabinets, walls and other types of furniture made of separate rigid parts.

The production of cabinet furniture is regulated by the following norms:

• GOST 16371-93: Furniture. General technical conditions.
• GOST 19882-91: Cabinet furniture. Test methods for stability, strength and deformability.
• GOST 28105-89: Cabinet furniture and tables. Test methods drawers and half boxes.
• GOST 13025.1-85: Household furniture. The functional dimensions of the storage compartments.
• GOST 28136-89: Wall cabinet furniture. Strength test methods.
• GOST 26800.4-86: Furniture for administrative premises. Functional dimensions of cabinet compartments.

Market analysis of cabinet furniture

According to Rosstat, the manufacture of cabinet furniture is the most demanded type of furniture business, which occupies about 25% in the niche of all furniture production. Today's consumer is well aware of what cabinet furniture is and what it is for. In this case, even the brand or the long-term presence of the company in the market is not important - offer a lower price with decent quality - and the buyer is yours.

If we arrange consumer requirements in the form of a pyramid, then the lowest and most "weighty" tier will be the price, then - the materials used, build quality, original design, and only then - the manufacturer's brand. Therefore, despite the enormous competition in the cabinet furniture business, there is a place for everyone who can understand the wishes of the consumer and anticipate fashion trends.

Who is he, a potential buyer?

According to the analysis of age characteristics, the target audience of buyers of cabinet furniture is divided into two groups:

• young people under the age of 30 who purchase furniture for the first time;
• the older age group (40-50 years old) who buy new furniture to replace the old one.

The most popular "representatives" of cabinet furniture are kitchens and walls for the hallway and living room.

Raw materials for the production of cabinet furniture

Cabinet furniture can be produced from chipboard, MDF, solid wood. To reduce the cost of production and the final cost of the product, companies often combine these materials, for example, replacing an expensive furniture panel in the wall area and partitions with chipboard or laminated fiberboard.

The easiest option to start production is to make furniture from double-sided laminated particle boards (Laminated chipboard). Why?

Firstly, there will never be problems with the supply of such raw materials - both domestic and foreign manufacturers produce laminated chipboard in plenty. Secondly, for the same reason (wide offer), you can agree on favorable terms of delivery (with deferred payment, discounts for large quantities, etc.). Thirdly, the use of laminated chipboard significantly reduces the cost of production, since it reduces one stage - veneer or laminate veneer in the manufacture of furniture, which requires additional investment and makes sense only for large production volumes.

To select raw materials, you must be guided by the following indicators:

• chipboard thickness (16-18 mm for external walls and 12 - for internal partitions);
• density - compliance with GOST 10632-89;
• emission class 16371-93 - E1.

For the back walls of furniture, you can use fiberboard (GOST 4598-86).

Features of the technological process for the production of cabinet furniture

There are several options for the technological process of manufacturing cabinet furniture. They can be divided into chains of various lengths:

• full technological process - from the manufacture of material for the body base (chipboard, MDF, furniture board) to the finished product. it the best option for mass and serial production, which allows to significantly reduce the cost of materials, but very expensive from the point of view of small business;
• medium - the manufacture of furniture, where the raw materials are finished sheets of chipboard, fiberboard, MDF - in fact, only cutting and assembly;
• short (assembly only) - the production of cabinet furniture is carried out from the canvases of chipboard, laminated chipboard, MDF already cut to order. This is the most popular option for starting a small business "from scratch", which provides for work on a specific order without buying expensive cutting equipment. Then, after building up an appropriate customer base and receiving serial orders, you can think about purchasing your own cutting and edge banding machines in order to "lengthen" the process chain and expand production. This explains the relative ease of entry into the furniture manufacturing business - in fact, it can be plan in any sequence of the production cycle.

Manufacturing technology of any cabinet furniture is divided into five main stages:

• Drafting of a finished product in various planes;
• Cut out the necessary materials for the details of future furniture;
• Drilling holes for fasteners;
• Facing of cut edges (laminated edge, veneer, PVC film);
• Assembling the finished product.

A detailed description of the technological process depends on the automation of production and the percentage of the use of manual and mechanized labor. The most progressive (and, accordingly, expensive), is considered to be a production equipped with automated machine tools (CNC). The operator only needs to enter the dimensional data into a special computer program, design the desired product and give the “start” command.

In just a few minutes, the CNC machine will cut out the necessary walls and partitions of the future cabinet furniture from clearly fixed materials, drill holes according to the reamer plan. All that remains is to veneer the edges and assemble the finished furniture. But it is profitable to buy such lines if there are constant serial orders. It makes no sense to reconfigure the machine for each piece of furniture by individual order. Therefore, let us consider, for example, the “golden mean” - the work of a semi-automatic line of several machines with partial use of manual labor.

To launch such a production, you will need the following equipment:

1. panel saw with manual supply of materials;

2. edge banding machine for facing straight edges, concave and convex elements;

3. drilling and filler machine for drawing blind and open holes for fittings, hinges, dowels;

4. grinder;

5. screwdrivers;

6. puncher;

7. cutting tools (cutters, drills, knives).

Description of the technology for the production of cabinet furniture

1) After the development and approval by the customer of the sketch, a model of the future product is created using computer program that can be installed on a regular laptop.

For example:

• Cutting - a program for choosing the optimal cutting of chipboard, laminated chipboard, MDF sheets with the least loss;
• PRO 100 - a program for visualizing a sketch of a model in 3D, drawing up a design, constructing and calculating the necessary materials, parts and accessories for assembly.

But manufacturers of automatic and semi-automatic machines also offer other types of programs already installed on their equipment, for example "UCANCAM V9", "ArtCAM", etc.

2) The plate of material from which the product will be made is fixed on the machine, sawn into separate parts in accordance with the cutting charts.

If furniture is made of fiberboard - this is where the preparatory work ends - the parts go for assembly. If we are talking about furniture made of chipboard or chipboard, rough workpieces are subject to mandatory machining sawn edges;

3) Furniture parts made of chipboard go to the edge banding machine, where with the help of glue and a pressure press slab cuts are faced with a laminated edge , PVC foil, melamine or other edging materials;

4) Depending on the configuration of the machine, holes for fasteners are being done:

• semi-automatically - on filler machines;
• manually, with the help of hammer drills and electric drills, using drawings with additive schemes.

6) After the holes are added, the product is sanded along the edges (to smooth, remove the overhangs of the edging material in height and length) and sent to the assembly;

7) Control assembly using a hand tool helps to identify flaws and inconsistencies and eliminate them in the finished product. After that, the furniture is disassembled (if necessary), packed and sent to the finished product warehouse.

Estimated business plan for organizing the production of cabinet furniture

1. Objectives of the project

The company plans to open a furniture workshop for the production of cabinet furniture in the middle price segment.

Range: wardrobes, tables, shelves, bedside tables. The production will be organized according to the principle of an incomplete cycle: raw materials in the form of chipboard and fiberboard, as well as fittings, will be purchased from suppliers for further cutting into finished panels by templates, processing and assembly of furniture according to the developed drawings.

2. Funding

To launch production, it is planned to attract the own funds of the founders of the LLC, which will reduce the payback period and give an advantage in the formation of pricing policy

3. Target group of buyers:

• intermediaries - specialized furniture stores, repair and design studios;
• end consumers (retail) - people with an average income who prefer to renew their furniture every 3-4 years;
• end consumers (wholesale) - state-owned enterprises and government agencies, office centers, hotels.

4. Ways of implementation:

A) through a warehouse-store, in which samples of work will be exhibited and an office equipped for receiving customers;

B) direct deliveries of lots of furniture to private companies and government agencies; C) through dealer networks (including in other regions).

5. Advertising campaign

Advertising will be built with a view to the target group of consumers, for which it will be used: media means (advertising in the press of the relevant topic), creation and promotion of its own website on the Internet, placement of advertising banners on sites dedicated to interior design and renovation of premises. It is planned to allocate 60,000 rubles / month for advertising purposes.

6. Organizational issues

For the legal registration of the business, it was decided to create a Limited Liability Company (LLC) on the general taxation system. This form makes it possible to work with both large wholesale suppliers and consumers, and retail buyers.

To register the activities of the company, you will need the following documents:

• information about the name of the company;
• the decision of the founders (minutes) on the opening;
• information about the director and accountant;
• details of the account opened for depositing the authorized capital (if the contribution is monetary) and the current account for conducting business activities;
• confirmation of payment of state duty;
• charter, indicating the size of the authorized capital (at least 10,000 rubles) and the following types of activities:
  • 36.12 Manufacture of furniture for offices and trade establishments
  • 36.13 Manufacture of kitchen furniture
  • 36.14 Manufacture of other furniture
  • 51.47.11 Wholesale of furniture
  • 52.44.1 Retail sale of furniture
  • 52.44.5 Retail sale of wood, cork and wicker products
  • 52.61.2 Retail trade carried out directly through television, radio, telephone and the Internet.

7. Requirements for the premises for the production of cabinet furniture

• First floor,
• availability of all communications,
• three-phase electricity 380 W,
• driveways and loading docks,
• lack of dampness and high humidity.

It is planned to rent a room of 500 m 2 at a price of 240 rubles / m 2, broken down into 3 parts:

• an office with an exhibition hall with an area of \u200b\u200b50 m 2;
• workshop for the production of cabinet furniture, with an area of \u200b\u200b350 m 2;
• warehouse for raw materials and finished products - 100 m 2.

Total - 120,000 rubles / month (1,440,000 rubles / year).

8. Personnel

To work in one shift (21 working days / month, including holidays and weekends), the following staff is required:

• director - 40,000 rubles / month;
• accountant - 35,000 rubles / month;
• account manager - 20,000 rubles / month;
• designer-designer - 25,000 rubles / month;
• production foreman - 30,000 rubles / month;
• workshop specialists - workers with knowledge of the main types of furniture machines and the peculiarities of working with chipboard, fiberboard and MDF (5 people, 20,000 rubles / month);
• auxiliary workers - (2 people, 12,000 rubles / month).

Total: 12 people.

Estimated wage fund - 274,000 rubles / month.

Payroll taxes (37.5%) - 102,750 rubles / month.

Total salary costs - 376,750 rubles / month.

9. Equipment, main and auxiliary

Total cost - 423 950 rubles

10. Performance

It is planned to release products in the following volumes:

• pedestals - 100 pieces / month,
• tables - 100 pieces / month,
• cabinets - 100 pieces / month,
• racks - 100 pieces / month.

11. Calculation of the cost of production

According to the calculated data of the table of material consumption for production

and prices for materials,

the cost of production will consist of the following material costs:

• consumption of materials,
• electricity,
• advertising,
• salary,
• depreciation,
• rent.

Pedestals - 18 354 (material costs) + 207.59 (electricity) + 94 187.5 (payroll + UST) + 21 197.5 (depreciation) + 45 000 (other costs: rent, advertising) \u003d 178 946.59 rubles /month.

Tables - 27 550 + 207.59 + 94 187.5 + 21 197.5 + 45 000 \u003d 188 142.59 rubles / month.

Cabinets - 44 647 + 207.59 + 94 187.5 + 21 197.5 + 45 000 \u003d 205 239.59 rubles / month.

Shelves - 19 210 + 207.59 + 94 187.5 + 21 197.5 + 45 000 \u003d 179 802.59 rubles / month.

Total: 752 131.36 rubles / month.

12. Price

Calculation of the wholesale selling price per unit of production (unit cost + profit margin):

Drawers - (178,946.59 rubles: 100 pieces / month) + 25% \u003d 2,236.83 rubles.

Tables - (188,142.59 rubles: 100 pieces / month) + 25% \u003d 2,351.78 rubles.

Cabinets - (205,239.59 rubles: 100 pieces / month) + 25% \u003d 2,565.49 rubles.

Shelves - (179 802.59 rubles: 100 pieces / month) + 25% \u003d 2 247.53 rubles.

13. Revenue and profit

Revenue: 2 236.83 * 100 pieces + 2 351.78 * 100 pieces + 2 565.49 * 100 pieces + 2 247.53 * 100 pieces \u003d 940 163 rubles / month.

Cost: 752,131.36 rubles / month.

Balance sheet profit: 940 163 - 752 131.36 \u003d 188 031.64 rubles / month.

Income tax (20%): 37,606.33 rubles / month.

Net profit: 940 163 - 752 131.36 - 37 606.33 \u003d 150 425.31 rubles / month.

14. Financial analysis

Expenditure part

• material costs - 752,131.36 rubles;
• capital costs - 423,950 rubles.

Total: 1 176 081.36

15. Product profitability

(Balance sheet profit: Cost) * 100% \u003d (188,031.64: 752,131.36) * 100% \u003d 25%

With the manufacture of 400 units of cabinet furniture per month, the payback period of the project will be 8 months.