Ventilation in household premises at work. What types of ventilation are used in modern industries. Design of ventilation of production shops

All living things in nature, one way or another, depend on clean fresh air, and the human body is designed in such a way that it needs oxygen saturation every second. This is especially noticeable when a person endures physical activity, for example, when performing any work.

The supply of fresh air is especially important if workplace located in the production hall. The equipment located in it and the technological processes associated with it are often the main source of various toxic fumes, gases, dirt, dust, and chemical impurities entering the air. Therefore, ventilation in production is an essential measure in the organization of any technological process.

It is an erroneous opinion that the creation of ventilation in industrial premises (workshops, sections) is practically no different from the organization of the air conditioning process, for example, in an office or residential building. In this case, it is worth emphasizing that industrial ventilation is not a one-time measure, but a whole range of engineering developments.

Ventilation in production plays a much deeper role than ventilation (air conditioning) in any other room. It is industrial ventilation that is designed to ensure uninterrupted air purification from various impurities, its functional circulation, while not disturbing the course of technological processes, but creating favorable conditions for their successful implementation.

Ventilation as an engineering and technological complex is divided into two main types:

• local;
• general exchange.

The main purpose of local ventilation is the localization and subsequent removal harmful substances directly in the very place of their original formation. As a rule, a malicious source is covered from all sides by so-called shields that form a cap. Inside this shelter, the pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure, due to which a vacuum is created when air is sucked out (harmful impurities do not enter the surrounding room). Local ventilation is very efficient and, at the same time, its organization does not require huge financial investments, since the removal of pollutants from the air is achieved at a low consumption.

In cases where malicious sources cannot be localized in full, the general exchange type of ventilation is used. From the name it becomes clear that its purpose is a comprehensive air purification in all industrial premises, and it is carried out by diluting the total content of impurities, dirt, dust, as well as moisture and heat.

Classification of industrial ventilation by mode of action

According to the method of exposure, there are the following types of ventilation:

1. supply air ventilation;
2. exhaust ventilation;
3. supply and exhaust ventilation.

Supply ventilation in production is designed to ensure the free supply of fresh air in volumes sufficient for the intended functioning of production. As a rule, duct fans are widely used in supply-type systems. They are able to fully ensure the forced flow of air into the workshop. At the same time, the air pressure increases several times compared to atmospheric pressure and, accordingly, there is an unorganized, natural extrusion of polluted air through various exits, slots and openings into the street or into neighboring rooms.

Exhaust ventilation in production is designed to remove exhaust air (polluted, either humid or hot), while portions of fresh air enter the premises in an unorganized manner, through doors, windows, wall openings, etc. This type of ventilation is especially effective in industries whose technological processes involve the release of a sufficient amount of harmful substances, moisture, heat, as well as the presence of a large crowd of people.

The most easy installation exhaust type consists of an electric motor and a fan. If it is required to purify the air in rooms of a large area or complex layout, then the minimum set is added with special filters and an extensive system of air ducts for exhaust air to the street.

Supply and exhaust ventilation in the workplace provides both the supply of fresh air into the room and the simultaneous removal of exhaust air from it. The distribution of air flows can be carried out in two ways:

• mixing;
• displacement.

In the first case, high-velocity diffusers are mounted on the ceiling or wall areas of the production workshop or site, through which street air is forced to enter. When it enters a closed room, it naturally mixes with the spent one and, already mixed (with impurities), is removed through special diffusion valves.

In the second case, several low-velocity air distributors are mounted in the lower part of the room (usually on the floor surface), which provide forced supply of fresh air. Since the air distributor is at the bottom, accordingly, fresh (cooled) air is distributed in the lower part of the room, and, following the law of physics, warm air rises and is removed through the vents in a natural way.

Organization of natural ventilation

Natural ventilation in production is organized on the principle of a self-arising difference in the pressure of air flows, their direction and differences in temperature characteristics. An example of a primitive ventilation of a natural type is the simplest draft, for which you just need to open the doors and windows in the production room. This method of ventilation is also called unorganized, since everything is built on elementary physical phenomena.

An organized method of natural ventilation involves the use of special boxes with dampers, with which you can adjust the strength and degree of natural air flow.

The main advantage of natural ventilation is the low cost of its organization. The creation of such a ventilation method does not involve the purchase of special filters, fans, air exchangers, diffusers and other devices. And a significant drawback is the impossibility of complete control over air flows, as well as a low degree of renewal of air masses.

Ventilation of welding production workplaces

Ventilation in welding production is designed to clean the air masses of harmful impurities with high quality and thoroughness, since welding works are among the most harmful types of work for human health, nitrogen, carbon, fluorine oxides and many other various chemical compounds are certainly formed in the welding process.

The type and organizational type of ventilation of such a workshop depends, first of all, on the dimensions and capacity of the production of welded products.

If the capacity of the welding shop is small, and the volume of products produced is also small, then local ventilation can be arranged at the welding workplace.


If technological processes involve constant local movement of workers over the entire area of ​​the workshop, then the organization mobile posts with local ventilation loses its relevance. In this case, it is advisable to organize ventilation of a general exchange type. As a rule, such an extract affects the lower and upper parts of the room, and forced flows additionally provide heating of the room, which is especially important for welding in the cold season.

Industrial ventilation has long ceased to be a simple production necessity. In various industries of modern directions (capacities and volumes), ventilation has begun to act as the most important engineering complex, because the correct organization and subsequent implementation of measures to equip production with ventilation systems contributes to the creation of a healthy microclimate in workshops and production sites. This means that it makes it possible to perform high-quality technological processes, aimed at observing the basic safety regulations, and also contributes to the proper organization of each workplace, and most importantly, eliminates harm to the health of an employee involved in production.

Ventilation of production and industrial premises is the construction of a system, the main task of which is a set of measures to ensure constant air exchange in workshops and production - the removal of polluted air and its replacement with fresh air.

Unlike home or office premises, industrial facilities are subject to complex technological processes, which are often accompanied by harmful emissions. Therefore, in such working conditions, a well-designed and installed ventilation system is vital. It is it that is designed to ensure stable air exchange in industrial premises, which is critically necessary for the health of people working there.

In addition to extracting harmful compounds, the ventilation system purifies, ionizes, heats (in winter) or cools (in summer) the air from the street before supplying it inside the building, and, if necessary, removes excess heat, water vapor and dust particles arising during operation.

Types of ventilation

Ventilation in the production room can be classified as follows.

By way of air circulation:

• Forced or mechanical
• Natural

By work area:

• local
• General exchange

By appointment:

• Supply
• exhaust

By design:

• Drier
• Channelless

Calculation of ventilation of the production room

Working conditions in production are strictly regulated with the help of SNiP and GOST, therefore, the installed ventilation system must provide the necessary microclimate, as well as maintain an acceptable level of contamination, gas contamination and dustiness working area, as well as the aeroionic composition of the air.

The ventilation calculation method is selected depending on the technological process in your industrial premises. Traditionally, the production uses general exchange mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation with additional installation of local ones. Often in production, it is necessary to remove not only vapors and impurities, but also mechanical elements from the air. In such cases, an additional filter system is used to remove large particles.

A general exchange mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation system usually includes the following ventilation equipment: galvanized steel air ducts, control sensors and various automatic machines, fans, as well as filters and dust collectors. For each type of harmful substances, MPC values ​​are set, and the task of the ventilation system is to dilute their concentration and remove them with the help of hoods/exhausters.

Features of ventilation of woodworking shops

When ventilating the workshop at such enterprises, chip blowers are used, which trap and remove both fine dust and large wood chips from the room. Further, this air is passed through a filter system or through a cyclone, where impurities are removed into special containers.

If this production also has painting, assembly and drying departments, then in addition to wood dust and shavings, it is necessary to remove glue, solvent fumes, as well as water vapor and excess heat.

Features of workshop ventilation

In rare cases, workshops can get by with natural ventilation, but we would still recommend equipping the workplace with an exhaust hood. For framing and art workshops only suitable forced ventilation, exhaust - for small industries associated with harmful emissions / emissions chemical substances or impurities, and for the most comfortable work, supply and exhaust ventilation should be installed.

Features of ventilation of foundries and hot shops

The ventilation of the workshop at these types of production should, first of all, remove excess heat from the room due to increased air exchange, as well as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and other harmful impurities released during the heat treatment process. Most often, foundries use both general and local ventilation.

Trust the professionals

Errors in the design of ventilation systems for industrial premises can lead to poisoning, oxygen starvation, overheating / hypothermia, as well as all sorts of chronic diseases of employees, not to mention rapid fatigue and reduced efficiency.

The company "M-Vent" has extensive experience in the design and installation of ventilation in various industries. Employees of the company will help you choose the best option in terms of price and efficiency, complete the turnkey project. Trust the professionals.

An optimal microclimate must be maintained in production. Ventilation design begins with taking into account the characteristics of the industry. Ventilation of industrial premises should promptly remove all contaminants and vapors without overdrying or overmoistening the air.

Ventilation of production facilities is subjected to increased loads

Varieties of systems

Ventilation systems for industrial premises are divided into 2 types:

• natural;
• automatic.

Ventilation in production, depending on the type of air flow supply, can be supply or exhaust.

natural

The natural ventilation system in production works due to the difference temperature regime indoors and outdoors. Wind speed and thermal pressure are the main driving factors of the system. With a sharp temperature drop, warm vapors from the production room are replaced by cooler ones. The operation of a natural ventilation system is based on simple physical phenomena. The higher the ceilings and the greater the drop air pressure near the floor in the production hall, the better the ventilation will be. If there are gaps in the walls and window openings, as well as with frequent opening of windows and doors, there is a high probability of drafts and freezing of the room in winter. IN summer period, in areas remote from doors and windows, ventilation standards will be violated.

Aeration is a kind of natural type of industrial ventilation. To implement control, aeration systems are installed. Often, when designing a building, the presence of ventilation systems is not taken into account. In this case, ventilation equipment can be installed in the finished room. Shafts are mounted in the hall of the workshop, which will work by changing the pressure of the air pressure. Mine hatches are covered with deflectors. The wind flow, getting into the deflector, creates a zone of rarefaction of air, increasing the influx of air masses. Such ventilation systems are most often used by agricultural and livestock buildings, forges, and not too large bakeries.

Aeration is the most effective method ventilation production in an elementary way. The supply pipe is fixed at the highest point of the roof.

For large industries, forced ventilation is needed

Automatic

Automatic supply and exhaust ventilation systems make it possible to normalize the microclimate at large enterprises. Such systems have many advantages.

1. They work regardless of temperature fluctuations in the street.
2. The supply and exhaust effect can be achieved at any point in the room.
3. You can change the airflow rate.

It is necessary to comply with the requirements for ventilation of industrial premises. Ventilation equipment of a forced supply and exhaust design allows you to prevent air pollution by chemicals, removing it directly from the source of occurrence. The shape of the receivers, as well as the degree of rarefaction of the atmosphere, affect the quality indicators of work. Ventilation of industrial premises consists of:

• air inlet;
• fans;
• air outlets;
• filters;
• hoods.

Arrangement of elementary ventilation

In industrial buildings, three-level openings are made with windows of a special shape. The first two levels are localized at a height of 1-4 meters from the floor level. In the roof, protective lights with windows are mounted, in which manual regulation is provided. Air exchange in the summer is carried out by getting air masses inside through the lower vents, and the release of contaminated vapors through the vents in the roof. IN winter period air flows through the middle row of vents.

The intensity of air exchange is regulated by opening the vents in different positions. In calm weather, the ventilation of the room will be much worse, but with a certain direction and strength of the wind flow, reverse draft may occur. To prevent such an effect, ventilation structures are made protected from the wind by installing special lights.

In the warm season, the cooling of the supply masses occurs due to the spraying of water in the lantern from the nozzles mounted in the transoms. This cools the supply air and increases the humidity.

The ventilation system in the industrial premises is controlled manually. Aeration is not used as ventilation for industrial premises, where a large amount of harmful impurities is expected to spread. The natural air exchange system does not allow filtering the treated air flows.

Types of supply structures

Purpose and classification of air inlets:

• closed;
• open - the hole for receiving the used air masses is located far from the place of their exit.

An open-type industrial air inlet is a combination of: a casing, an exhaust hood, air vents, and mobile air inlets. According to convection conditions, hot air currents rise up, where exhaust hoods reduce the area of ​​​​their distribution and produce further removal. The dimensions of the umbrellas must correspond to the area of ​​the hot air outlet. Protective umbrellas can be with or without overhangs.

In galvanic industries, slit-like air extractors are mounted. In workshops with welding machines and blowtorches that operate in a carbon dioxide environment, air inlets are installed directly on the equipment.

If a person's workplace is not fixed, they are used portable types ventilation, which are attached directly to the welding equipment with suction cups.

The regime type exhaust system is represented by: cabinets, cabins, boxes, cameras. Cabinets are installed in industrial enterprises with abundant release of toxic fumes. The installation of the box is carried out at enterprises with the release of radiation or poisons.

Forced ventilation of the room

Ventilation equipment

Air exchange of supply and exhaust type in autonomous systems is carried out by a fan. The most commonly used models are:

• radiator;
• axial.

Radiator fans are snail-shaped. When air enters the receiver from the outside, the air mass is redirected and then fed into the air extractor. Depending on the saturation with impurities and the varieties of these impurities, various types of equipment can be used:

• standard - recommended for air masses with a temperature of +80, with a low dust content;
• anti-corrosion - used to remove alkalis and acids;
• spark-proof - used in the production of hazardous explosives;
• dust - recommended for installation in a room with an increased dust rate.

Axial fans are blades mounted in a cylindrical housing. The movement of the air flow occurs parallel to the fan axis. The installation of these types of fans is mainly carried out in mines and emergency mines. The advantage is the release of air in several directions at the same time.

Cleaning systems

The quality of the supply air exchange is controlled by the installation of cleaning devices. The air is filtered before being released into the environment. The type of purifying ventilation systems will depend entirely on the amount of contaminants in the air stream. The simplest device for a ventilation cleaner is dust collectors. The flow rate in such devices drops sharply, thereby achieving dust settling. The system is suitable for primary cleaning, and with an increase in the amount of dust in excess of the norm, it becomes ineffective.

To capture dust of more than 10 microns, cyclones are installed in production - metal containers, cylindrical in shape, narrowed downwards. A stream of air is supplied from above, due to which dust particles hitting the walls settle below.

Electrostatic precipitators are the most effective method purify exhaust industrial air. They also install gravel and coke filters, which are wetted with water. For cleansing industrial air from explosive particles, ejections are used. They consist of 4 chambers.

Requirements for cleaning systems

General ventilation must meet a number of requirements. Any processes in enterprises are accompanied by the release of certain substances into the air. Installation of ventilation must be carried out in accordance with sanitary standards.

Installing quality equipment will help to avoid many problems. The ventilation system makes it possible to control the microclimate. The type of ventilation system should be selected in accordance with the parameters of the premises, purpose and number of employees.

It is necessary to use ventilation systems in each individual production room, even if it is not supposed to be occupied.

In addition to purifying the air and maintaining microclimatic conditions inside the industrial area, ventilation makes it possible to purify the exhaust air before it is released into the atmosphere. All air exchange standards are prescribed in SNIP.

Creating a truly comfortable and cozy atmosphere in the workplace not only increases productivity and efficiency of the work process, but is also prerequisite issued by the health authorities. Therefore, ventilation systems are just as important in production as are the elements of the central heating system or the services of the electrical network. The installation of such systems is a rather complicated and time-consuming work, so they usually do not do it yourself, but trust professionals with solid experience. In any case, knowing about the principles of operation, design and development does not hurt anyone.

Air-conditioning of premises of various sizes in production is carried out using the most complex systems, which, in addition to the air duct, also include various heaters, filters, coolers, recuperators, fans and other elements. The ventilation system, regardless of the type of production process, area and size of workshops and air pollution, must perform the following functions:

• Providing fresh purified air to the employees of the enterprise.
• Removal of unpleasant and extraneous odors, as well as dust from the room.
• An important function of the ventilation system is filtration from various harmful impurities that arise as a result of certain technological influences and conditions.

Sidebar: Important: In industrial and production workshops, mechanical and natural ventilation is used for normal air exchange. When designing, it is necessary to take into account various regulatory documents regulating the state of factory and factory shops.

During the production process associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals or products from refined oil, toxic elements are released that pose a certain danger to human health, so the ventilation system must ensure their effective and immediate neutralization.

Only highly qualified specialists, certified engineers and professionals should be allowed to work in the development or in the production room. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account climatic and weather conditions, the number of workers, the size of the premises, production features and many other nuances and features.

1. The elements of any ventilation system are air ducts, exhaust and supply devices, as well as equipment that helps create a comfortable and cozy microclimate inside the room (this includes humidity stabilizers, as well as heaters and air conditioners).
2. For normal ventilation of various objects in production conditions, it is necessary to use such equipment that is able to remove particles of dust, aerosol and gas from the air, which appear as a result of the operation of complex equipment.
3. In some industries (such as pharmaceuticals or the production of high-precision electronics) the creation of specific working conditions is required, therefore, all kinds of additional elements are added to the powerful ventilation system, such as special filters and high-power air conditioners.
4. According to the operating instructions for certain types of equipment, those workshops and areas where fumes that are hazardous to human health may be present should be additionally equipped with extractor traps that are separated from the general workshop network.
5. Devices that carry out hygienic and sanitary control of ventilation systems are part of air exchange systems, and depending on their indications, special equipment can be connected that removes various toxic impurities and purifies the air.
6. When designing ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account such a parameter as the cost of operation. It is best if the hot air that leaves the room is used in special exchangers, and the cold air is used to cool machines and other equipment.

Table: heat consumption of the ventilation system

Ventilation, which is used in industry, is divided into the following types:

1. General exchange ventilation is responsible for the normal replacement of air masses in the room. The most typical example is an ordinary axial fan, which is inserted into a wall or window duct. Based on such parameters as the length of the duct and the cross section, the appropriate power of the equipment is selected.
2. (or individual type) - allows you to purify the air from various toxic impurities, smoke, heavy dust and other substances that can harm human health, directly in the workplace.
3. Emergency air purification from gas, smoke or all kinds of toxic impurities is resorted to exclusively in force majeure cases, therefore the standards here differ from those generally accepted in production and will not be considered in this context.

Ventilation is also mechanical and natural. The natural scheme carries out the removal and inflow of air masses through draft, which occurs due to the difference in temperature and pressure inside and outside the production room. The effective functioning of such a ventilation system is affected by:

• Difference in ambient temperature inside the production hall and outside.
• Difference in atmospheric pressure near the outlet of the hood and near the floor in the room.
• The speed of movement of air masses on the street.

Varieties of the ventilation system

The natural ventilation and ventilation system is silent, environmentally friendly and economical. However, changing weather conditions can have a very negative impact on its effectiveness. Mechanical ventilation is free of such a disadvantage, which is able to move the air flow through an air duct of any configuration and section to any distance. In such cases, it is often carried out the installation of additional equipment that heats the air, and also humidifies, dries or filters it if necessary. To date, the most popular combined ventilation systems, which use elements of both mechanical and natural systems.

To implement normal natural ventilation, there is no need to spend significant funds, conduct electricity or buy additional equipment. Turning to professionals who will make accurate calculations and plans for optimal ventilation in a particular production or industrial premises, you can solve the problem of ventilation and compensate for such a disadvantage as dependence on changes in wind speed and direction, pressure and temperature.

The implementation of mechanical ventilation of industrial and industrial premises requires a fair amount of electrical energy, so this method is not always cost-effective. The advantage of this ventilation method is the independence of air flow and temperature from environmental conditions. The air in such systems is often heated and also cleaned or, if necessary, cooled. Today, the most popular is the combined ventilation system, which combines elements of mechanical and natural ways of ventilating the room.

The ventilation standards include certain provisions, according to which the ventilation system must be located in absolutely all production workshops and premises. Moreover, regardless of the functional features of the occupied area and the number of employees on it. The capacity of the ventilation equipment should be enough to clean the air in the room as quickly as possible in case of emission of harmful substances or smoke. The development of a project, according to which the work of the ventilation system will be further implemented, should be carried out by professionals who are able to do this in full compliance with applicable laws, documents and regulations. During design, the following parameters must be taken into account:

• inside a workshop or production facility.
• fire safety conditions.
• Air humidity indicators.
• The presence and number of toxic and poisonous substances that pollute the environment.
• Climatic features.
• Space and functionality.

It is worth noting that providing each employee with air is a norm, the implementation of which is monitored by various authorities and services. The norm is thirty cubic meters per hour on an area less than or equal to forty square meters. For large industrial complexes, such standards are calculated in separately. When calculating specifications ventilation systems should take into account the following nuances:

• The ventilation system should not be a source of noise, which is strongly emitted even during the operation of technological equipment and machines. The noise level should be at a medium or low level, otherwise a long stay in the workshop will become problematic.
• In the event that the ventilation system has been installed for a long time, and has not been thoroughly cleaned for a long period of time, then it is most likely that it itself is the cause of increased pollution of the surrounding air space. To ensure that the ventilation system does not act as a source of pollution, it is recommended to clean it at least several times a year.

The tasks of the ventilation system of the supply type include compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards due to the assimilation of excess moisture, dilution of toxic emissions that can cause damage human body and reducing the concentration of harmful impurities. All this allows the employee to be on his own site in comfortable conditions that comply with all established norms and rules. In the event that indoors low temperature, then a supply-type ventilation system can solve this problem by heating the supply air masses.

The simplest device that is installed in various workshops and industrial premises is a fan that has an air vent. Due to the fact that the amount of various harmful and toxic impurities in enterprises, as a rule, is higher than the norm, the use of only one ventilation system is not always effective. To maximize the safety of employees, modern factories use both natural and mechanical systems.

On modern market present in large numbers various systems, ventilation, which allow you to create the safest and most comfortable working conditions within the workplace. The widest selection of devices that differ from each other both in functionality and in price will satisfy the needs of even the most demanding customer. During the design of a complex industrial ventilation system, it is necessary to install both supply equipment, which is the guarantor of the supply of clean air to the space of workshops and plant premises, and special exhaust units. With their help, you can remove from the workplace air saturated with pathogenic bacteria, toxic substances, dust, smoke and other harmful elements. It is selected based on the characteristics of production.

They choose one or another variation of equipment on an individual basis, with the obligatory consideration of the differences and features that are inherent in a particular industrial or construction large facility.

The ventilation system must have the following parameters:

• Profitability.
• Efficiency.
• Reliability.
• Payback speed.

Thanks to clean and cool air, it is possible to achieve not only a good mood, health and performance of employees, but also low wear of technological equipment and various tools. It is economically feasible when drawing up a project to add a device that is connected to the ventilation system and provides a comfortable indoor climate.

To date, the most optimal way to control the parameters of the ventilation system is the use of automatic computerized systems that make changes to certain characteristics based on data received from external sensors. Thus it turns out to achieve maximum economy and efficiency in work.

Thanks to the use of supply or exhaust circuits, you can easily bring the humidity indicators at the enterprise to normal, as well as neutralize, heat, cool, filter or humidify the air. A huge advantage of forced ventilation is that it is not affected by external conditions and weather factors. Air removal and supply can be made from the required point. You can make accurate calculations of supply or exhaust ventilation and draw up a schedule of costs.

The operation of ventilation systems is affected not only by the competent selection of equipment and installation, but also by the rarefaction of the atmosphere, the shape of the air inlets, the correct installation of filters, fans, air ducts and other elements. In enterprises, it is most advisable to install axial or radial blowers powered by electricity. Thanks to such a solution, it is easy to provide employees with a clean airspace in the workplace, devoid of harmful impurities and toxic elements. For better filtration today, electrostatic precipitators and other components are often used, which can maximally secure even an environment saturated with aggressive chemical compounds and components.

Air conditioning in enterprises and industries makes it possible to achieve a normal microclimate, which is especially important for the optical industry, instrument making, electrovacuum industry and other areas where maintaining a certain humidity in the room is very important. important point. To set up and install the ventilation system, it is best to contact professionals with experience and knowledge in their field.

Ready-made ventilation systems need periodic cleaning, because if the channels are clogged, it becomes unsafe to be in the production workshop or room due to the high concentration of dust particles and harmful elements. For maximum efficiency, today they use various filters made of felt, fabric, porcelain rings and all kinds of porous materials that perfectly absorb dust and toxic substances that can damage human health.

Features of equipment installation

During the installation of ventilation systems in factories and industrial facilities, it is necessary to take into account a huge number of features and nuances that directly affect the durability of the structure and efficiency directly during operation. That is why for mounting individual elements air exchange networks, it is necessary to attract highly qualified specialists who have the appropriate knowledge and experience. It is also important to choose the right place for the installation of equipment, such as filtration systems, fan units, heat exchangers and other units.

In industrial and industrial premises, they are usually attached directly to the ceiling. If desired, they can be hidden using hanging decorative panels. In those premises that are used for commercial purposes, it makes sense to use channels made of plastic or copper, which are reliable and durable and have an attractive appearance.

Currently, the following types of air channels are used in construction:

• Rigid. For their production, materials such as fiberglass, multilayer aluminum, galvanization and others are used. Of these elements, the installation of virtually the entire ventilation system is carried out. The only exceptions are special parts of a shaped sample, which are used for branching, contours and turns. To transport air that contains various harmful impurities, it is worth using air ducts with walls of increased thickness.
• Flexible. Their main purpose is the communication of various sections and openings with the main air ducts. For the design of the local ventilation system, the purpose of which is to purify the air in the immediate vicinity of the workplace, aluminum sleeves are often used.

The installation of ventilation ducts in industrial and industrial premises is carried out in the following order:

1. To begin with, the parameters of the wall thickness and the cross section of the air channels are calculated, after which, based on the data obtained, the mass of each element of the ventilation system is calculated. Sometimes installing channels from square section is not possible due to insufficient space. Therefore, faced with a similar situation, it is worth using rectangular ducts to solve the problem.
2. Then, at the joints, you need to designate the fixation points for the air ducts. Thanks to this, you can easily calculate the required number of fasteners, brackets and other fittings. It is worth remembering that for mounting brackets it is undesirable to allow oscillations of long sections of the network to occur directly during the passage of air through them. It is best to provide the structure with an excess number of fasteners, since in this case they will withstand even increased loads without problems.
3. When the installation of the main channels has been completed, it is possible to proceed with the installation of separate suction and spray devices. For such cases, it is recommended to use special hoses with flexibility and the desired cross section.

conclusions

Installation and design of industrial ventilation systems is a responsible and complex process. Finished project must comply with strict building codes and current regulations. The health of employees and the performance of the entire team directly depend on this.

Thousands of workers annually suffer from occupational diseases, the main cause of which are harmful substances that appear during the production cycle. The impact of high temperatures, dust, various pollution, "accompany" workers in the metallurgical, chemical, mining industries, and more than a dozen industries.

In most modern industrial enterprises, where a significant amount of pollution is released during the production process, along with a general ventilation system, a local type of ventilation is also used. This type of ventilation system helps to reduce the presence of hazards, gases and dust in the place of their production below the WPC, and is appropriate as the main means of their localization.

Types and purpose

Local ventilation can be of two types. Supply - serves to supply air to the devices intended for this: and air showers. These devices, in most enterprises, are used to create “islands” of clean air in workshops with a high emission of pollution. Thermal curtains are used to create an air barrier to cold or polluted air masses when there is a need to open doors frequently. The most widespread in hazardous industries is local exhaust ventilation, designed for local removal of polluted air, in places of its occurrence, at a certain manufacturing process. The local exhaust ventilation system prevents the spread of harmful substances throughout the production site. The most demanded equipment for exhaust ventilation, at most enterprises, has become local suction.

Requirements for local suction

The main requirement for local exhaust ventilation systems and suction systems is to prevent the ingress of polluted air into the human respiratory organs and eyes. Besides:

1. They must be simple in design so that personnel can easily assemble and dismantle cleaning devices.
2. A device for removing harmful substances should not be bulky and bulky, as well as interfere with the production process.
3. Pollution and gases that appear during the production process must be removed: volatile substances, vapors - up, and dust, and pollution heavier than air - down.

The main types of air intake equipment used in production

Local suction is a part of any modern enterprise. To date, there are several types of these devices:

Semi-open suction. These are mainly ventilated chambers and fume hoods. These devices provide the highest quality removal of contaminants, with minimal air consumption. They are of several types. Devices with a top exhaust are used for the release of substances with high temperature or humidity. Cabinets with a lower intake are designed to eliminate “heavy” polluted air. Portable cabinets with side intake of polluted air are used in the elimination of dusty pollution.

• A fully open polluted air suction device is an exhaust structure that is located outside the source of their emission. To date, the most popular devices of this type are hoods, suction panels and side suctions. The side air intake is mounted if the source of pollution release requires access from different sides. Hoods represent the simplest version of suction. They are mounted in places where harmful substances are released, which tend to rise up. The umbrella is placed at a height of 1.5 m from the floor. The efficiency of devices of this type is achieved by a large volume of exhaust air.
• A completely closed air intake is a part of the equipment and is made in the form of a cover, through the technological openings of which air flows into the device.

Suctions are classified according to the shape of the opening of this device, which are round, square or made in the form of a slot. Round and square holes are most often used in the processes of welding and soldering metals. Ventilation during welding cannot always neutralize all harmful air flows, therefore, a forced general exchange ventilation system is installed in the welding shop without fail, with an inflow of fresh air of at least 40 cubic meters per hour per worker. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDK-xg-Cp_A

Features of the ventilation system of the welding shop

There are many types and methods of welding. It was their diversity that led to the variety of suction options used specifically in welding shops. By design features they can be divided into 4 main groups:

1. Small-sized devices for automatic and semi-automatic equipment. Such ventilation devices integrated into the welding equipment. These include air intakes in welding holders.
2. Local suctions built into the welding tables. These devices are used in welding and soldering small parts. Local ventilation for soldering and welding can be connected to the general ventilation system.
3. Suction units integrated into welding stands and equipment for welding large parts. This group of devices is integrated into welding and assembly installations and stands.
4. Swivel-lift and portable decontamination devices used for welding operations in various locations. This group of devices includes all portable air receivers of various designs.

The efficiency of air intakes to remove harmful substances requires an accurate calculation of local exhaust ventilation.

Factors affecting the calculation of ventilation of welding production

Advice:
The development of a project and calculations of a ventilation system at any production site is a complex and responsible process that should be handled exclusively by professionals.

This publication will give general information about what affects the calculation of ventilation of a production site with a stationary welding post.

The main factors influencing the calculation of the ventilation system and, accordingly, the selection necessary equipment, are:

• Required air consumption by the air intake, depending on its design and type of welding.
• Its effectiveness, in a particular workplace.

To calculate the air flow, you can use the formula:

L = 3600 * F * Vo

Where:

L– air exchange
F is the area of ​​the suction hole
Vo is the speed of air movement in the hole

You can use ready-made standard calculations, depending on the design of the air intake.

For example:

The car service station is equipped with a stationary welding station, where an exhaust panel is used as a local suction. In this case, the required air flow is determined on the basis of: 3300 m3/hour per 1 m2 of the panel area.

The efficiency of the device is calculated by the formula:

E = (Lm — Lpr) / Lm

Where

E- device efficiency
Lm- the power that will be required for the intrashop ventilation system, in the absence of a local air intake
Lpr- air flow required to dilute non-localized contaminants to MPC.

Important!
The efficiency of these devices is not the same for various contaminants released during welding and other production cycles.