Exhaust hood for ventilation. What is a ventilation umbrella and why is it needed? What filters are needed

Last year he built himself a small workshop, which at the same time also serves as a pantry for tools and inventory. Everything seems to be fine, but warm days have come, periodically turning into heat. And I forgot about natural ventilation. But we'll fix this. There are many options, one of them I will describe in this article.

For the natural exchange of air in the room, window and door openings are used, but it is not always convenient to keep windows and doors wide open. Additional source fresh air can be air ducts, or, as in my case, ventilation holes in the roof, on which galvanized steel umbrellas are installed, which are popularly called simply - a weather vane. We begin to make our homemade ventilation. Proper markup is the key to success.

The umbrella should be installed so that on the back of the roof, that is, from the inside of the room, the vent does not block anything: neither rafters, nor struts, nor fixtures. If you do not understand how it works, here is a description. Measurement is best done from the skate. They immediately estimated the size from the inside, after which they transferred it to the outer slope of the roof. At the measured point, we drill a hole in order to insert the blade of the cutting tool.

From this point we will make further markup. We try on the umbrella, take its size from the lower round part and carefully transfer it to the place of the future deployment. For marking, it is desirable to use a bold marker so that the strip is clearly visible. In theory, all this must be calculated, but as a rule, in a private house they make an average section at random)

Given that the roofing consists of bituminous tiles laid on an OSB-slab, which, in turn, is mounted on a solid crate made of boards, it is almost impossible to cut a hole with an electric jigsaw - there will not be enough sawing, and if it is enough, then it is very likely that it will bend thoroughly. Since the hole has a circular cross section, neither a circular saw, nor even a chainsaw can make an even hole in size. Therefore, as a cutting tool, I chose a reciprocating electric saw. Very convenient and fast, the main thing is not to rush.

The hole is ready, you can proceed to install the ventilation umbrella. In order for the mounted wind vane to not have a powerful wind blower and the wind not to hum in the empty pipe for solo parts, it has an unusual shape. Its upper part is covered with a lid, curved on four sides, so that one large opening is divided into four compartments. Warm air from the room will exit through all four holes, but it will only blow into one, depending on the direction of the wind. We install a segment of the duct from the inside and put on an umbrella from above.

To eliminate the possibility of rain moisture entering the metal constructions ventilation hood, you need to carefully lift the roofing and shove the protruding support elements of the hood under it.

This operation should be done only from that part of the base of the umbrella, which is located at the top of the roof slope. The lower part is installed directly on the roofing.

The fact is that if you run the lower part under the roofing, then when it rains, water will accumulate in the resulting barrier, and no matter how well you seal it, the water will find its way and penetrate into the room.

After installing the umbrella, we fix it. Today there is a mass of hardware products that cut off moisture, but considering that my ventilation umbrella is installed on utility room, I decided to fix it on ordinary nails. In addition, the umbrella will be subjected to wind pressure, and an ordinary nail is inherently nog, that is, it has a small up and down stroke, and in the case strong wind the probability that the nail will cut off the hat is almost zero, which cannot be said about self-tapping screws.

The last in numbering, but not least, is the sealing of "weak" places. These are, as a rule, joints, junctions of one structure to another, and places for installing fasteners. The sealant must be selected special: heat-resistant or heat-resistant. In the summer heat, the roof heats up so that, if desired, you can fry the scrambled eggs, so the sealant must endure such a temperature load. Apply sealant evenly around the entire perimeter. weaknesses.

Well, the final touch is to smear the sealant in some places with your finger. Can be taken rubber spatula, but, I think, it’s more interesting and better to do it with a finger. We have more

In rooms associated with cooking, large emissions of steam, fats, combustion products, etc. occur. To prevent their spread to other rooms and to clean the air from them, they often use exhaust hoods. Next, we will consider what these devices are, their types and features.

Installation of kitchen exhaust systems

Any room has a ventilation system that provides fresh air inflow and polluted outflow. However, such ventilation is not enough for cooking places, because emissions, before getting into the general system, spread throughout the room and mix with clean.

Therefore, in the food industry and in household kitchens usually use local ventilation, the main element of which is a ventilation exhaust hood. Most often, this is a domed structure that is connected to a common ventilation system.

Umbrellas for ventilation systems are made of galvanized sheet steel so that when hot air enters the box, oxidation and even more air pollution do not occur.

The whole structure consists, as a rule, of several main elements:

• box- is the main product, as it prevents the spread of emissions throughout the space of the room, and is also a housing for other parts.
• Filters– as a rule, all models are necessarily equipped with a grease trap. In addition, they may have additional filtration systems.
• Fan- forcibly sucks polluted air into the box. I must say that it is not available in all devices. For example, if the structure is connected to forced exhaust ventilation, then it may not.
• air duct- a channel through which polluted air enters the ventilation system from the duct. The diameter of the duct can be different: 110-150 mm. In addition, there are square and rectangular ducts.

Note!
When working with open fire, the product must be equipped with a flame filter.

Depending on the type of device, the design may have some nuances. For example, recuperative ventilation hoods do not have an air duct, as they are not connected to general ventilation. The air in such devices undergoes fine cleaning and enters back into the room.

Thus, the principle of operation of the design is quite simple - polluted air is sucked into the hood, it is cleaned there to prevent it, and then it is brought out through the air ducts.

Kinds

All existing kitchen umbrellas differ in several ways:

Household and industrial hoods

An industrial exhaust hood for ventilation is in many ways similar to household hoods.

The difference is only in a few points, such as:

• Size - industrial devices have much larger dimensions, as they cover the area of ​​\u200b\u200bindustrial furnaces.
• Fan power is much higher.
• Filters - industrial hoods have special grease traps, from which the settled impurities drain into a special glass. Such a drive must be periodically emptied and washed with soapy water. Household devices, as a rule, have paper and fibrous disposable filters.

I must say that the difference between industrial and domestic hoods is sometimes not very pronounced. For example, devices are often installed in cottages, which are very similar in their characteristics to industrial hoods.

Note!
The price of these products mainly depends on the fan power, dimensions and availability of additional functions.

Mounting methods

As mentioned above, there are two types of hoods according to the installation method:

• Island ventilation umbrellas - suspended from the ceiling. They are often installed above kitchen stoves located in the middle of the room. As a rule, such devices contain several rows of filters.
• Wall-mounted - as you might guess from the name, they are mounted to the wall. Such structures are often installed above stoves located near the wall. Do-it-yourself installation of such a hood is quite simple.

Note!
When installing the hood above the stove, according to GOST for ventilation system umbrellas, it must be at least 100 mm larger than the hood.
This will avoid highlighting harmful substances into the environment.

Here, perhaps, are all the main differences between local exhaust installations, knowing which, you can choose the most suitable device for a particular case.

Conclusion

Exhaust hoods are widely used in everyday life and the food industry, as they provide high-quality removal of polluted air. In addition, the instructions for their operation and maintenance are extremely simple. The main thing is to choose the right device for each individual case, especially for industrial devices.

From the video in this article, you can draw some Additional information on this topic.

In any kitchen there is a problem with odors that arise during cooking. This smell can spread throughout the apartment, which is not always pleasant. And during cooking, drops of fat and oil can fly off food and food. How to get rid of such problems? There is a way out of this situation, and it is quite simple - to install an exhaust kitchen hood. It will get rid of both odors and volatile substances.

What is a hood umbrella?

This is a device that is installed directly in the place where cooking takes place, that is, next to the stove. It removes hot steam and air from the kitchen, as well as odors and impurities. Exhaust hoods should match the size of the stove or be slightly larger than it, but not less. Such a device can be installed in the kitchen ordinary apartment and even in large catering establishments. In this case, it all depends on the size of the hood and its type.

Main types

Such an air purification device can be of 2 types: exhaust hood and supply and exhaust hood. The first option is used to filter grease and dust, as well as to remove air from the room. It does not allow fat particles to enter the general system; they accumulate in a special receiver with filters installed in it. That is why the device, or rather the receiver, needs regular manual cleaning.

The second type of hood performs the same functions - it removes air from the room and purifies it from various elements. But the main difference from the previous type is that in exhaust hoods with a supply system, one more additional function is performed - it pumps fresh air into the kitchen.

Material for the manufacture of hoods

Both types of hoods are most often made of durable stainless steel. It allows the system to work for a long time and at the same time not suffer from constant humidity. Care of such material is easy and simple.

Exhaust hoods for the kitchen are cleaned by filters installed in them, which are also often made of steel material. This simplifies maintenance and cleaning of the equipment. Food steel, which is used in this case, has the highest strength indicators, meeting all quality standards.

Some models use special types of stainless steel. They can easily resist chemical substances different origin, including acids. But basically, systems made of such steel are installed in production. In addition to steel, another, less durable material, such as aluminum or glass, can be used for the production of an exhaust hood. Although such models are rare.

Varieties of kitchen umbrellas

Exhaust kitchen hoods are divided not only by type, but also by variety, depending on the method of placement:

1. Flat.
2. Embedded.
3. Dome.

Flat hood

The flat hood is the most economical. It does not have an outlet to the duct and works according to the circular principle. This system, when compared with other analogues, is quite noisy. Also in the flat exhaust hood is a filter that needs to be changed or cleaned regularly.

Built-in hood

Unlike flat devices built-in models of exhaust hoods are much quieter. A built-in hood is installed directly above the working surface of the hob. In addition to the circular mode, embedded devices provide operation in the tap mode.

The last type is domed exhaust hoods. They are most in demand and popular among housewives. They can be mounted in various ways to the wall or to the ceiling. That is, they are divided into 2 subtypes: dome and wall. They work in circular mode and in air exhaust mode, as well as previous models of exhaust hoods. This type of kitchen umbrella has high power and degree of purification of the air of an apartment or house from odors and impurities.

At what height should the hood be mounted?

From how far from hob a kitchen exhaust hood is fixed, the quality of its work depends. So, for example, if a gas stove is installed in the kitchen, then the optimal height for installing the hood will be about 80 cm. If the stove is electric, then exhaust hoods should be mounted at a height of about 60 cm. More detailed information on specific models can be found at their purchases from consultants. It can also be found in the instructions from the kit for the hood.

Hood filters

The main element necessary for the full operation of exhaust hoods is a filter. It is with its help that the air is purified. It can be single-layer or multi-layer, disposable and reusable. Basically, 2 types of filters are used to clean the air in the kitchen: grease filters and those with spark arresting nets.

Grease trapping labyrinth filters are designed to retain elements of grease contained in the air. Spark arresting screens in filters are used if the kitchen hood is installed in the immediate vicinity of the fire source, directly above the stove. If the filter is reusable, then it can be cleaned when contaminated with ordinary water, and after that the hood will be ready for use again.

Beneficial features

Any model of an exhaust hood has a number of positive characteristics, including:

1. Moisture resistance.
2. Durability.
3. Resistant to all types of dirt.
4. Ease of maintenance.
5. Resistance to mechanical damage.

This is primarily due to the fact that most models of exhaust hoods are made of stainless steel. It is easy to wash, because it is not afraid of exposure to water and has high strength. Filters are made from the same material.

But how to install exhaust hoods? It is best to invite a specialist to properly install the exhaust hood. But in some cases, the installation can be done independently. The main thing in this case is to correctly determine the most suitable place for the hood, and the rest depends only on personal skills.

Ventilation plant "Bastion" offers its customers high-quality products manufactured just in time. The company is one of the market leaders not only in St. Petersburg, but throughout Russia.

In this article we will talk about the use of exhaust hoods in various conditions.

Principle of operation and varieties

In the kitchen of a modern housewife and in catering establishments, an exhaust ventilation hood or dome is installed. Its main task is to purify the air of the room from high humidity, odors, various impurities, the occurrence of which is associated with the cooking process.

The exhaust hood is integral part quality system indoor ventilation. Installation happens over sources high temperature, in particular, over slabs, hobs, open fire. Humid hot air is removed with the help of the dome, unpleasant odors, as well as soot, grease, soot, dust, chemicals.

Air purification from harmful impurities is also necessary in laboratories, chemical and industrial production, etc., where manufacturing process occurs with the release of harmful substances into the space, which can harm workers and the environment as a whole.

The umbrella is a dome-shaped structure, hence the second name - the dome. Connected to the ventilation system by an air duct. There are central (island) and wall, depending on the installation location.

Installation of wall-mounted units is carried out directly on the wall. With a large weight, additional brackets are used for fixing. Central devices are installed directly above the work surface, without contact with the walls. Island umbrellas have a large capacity.

A modern dome is not only a complex device, but also an element of decor. Factory facilities allow the production of umbrellas in accordance with the general interior of the room.

There is no fundamental difference in structure between domestic ventilation domes used in private households and industrial ones, they are distinguished only by size and power characteristics. Umbrellas used indoors have a common device:

• Grease filter. It can be mesh (made of a grid with small cells) and labyrinth (a plate with grooves through which condensed fat enters a special compartment). The first type of filter is cost-effective, it is installed only in a horizontal position, it can be additionally equipped with a spark arresting mesh, but it requires frequent cleaning. The labyrinth grease trap can only be installed in an inclined position and does not require frequent washing.
• Sparkling mesh. An obligatory element when installing ventilation domes over sources of open fire, for example, over barbecues, grills.
• Pendants. Part of the mounting system that allows you to mount an umbrella on a wall or ceiling with the correct weight distribution.
• Turbines. The equipment is designed to stimulate the movement of air masses from the room. During installation, the center of the work surface and the dome must be correctly determined in order to achieve maximum efficiency. The cross section of the inlet of the exhaust hood must exceed the dimensions of the slab or other equipment over which it is suspended. The suspension height varies from 0.7 to 1.1 meters.

When choosing a manufacturer of an exhaust dome, give preference to domestic factories, so you can save your budget, and the quality of modern products from a reliable seller is confirmed by certificates and quality control.

It should be noted that the umbrellas of ventilation systems have a completely uncomplicated design. A rectangular chimney umbrella consists of a main body, a grease collection tray and filters that perform. Filters are always installed at an angle of exactly 45 degrees Celsius.

If we are talking about supply and exhaust hoods, then in this case it is imperative to use a grill or a device such as a diffuser.

In some cases, air duct umbrellas are also equipped with additional elements, such as connection ears, fans, lamps and many others.

1 The principle of operation of the ventilation hood

This device works as follows. The air that is processed to become hot, has a much lower density and therefore rises to the top, and it is replaced by cold air currents.

Then the air enters the pipe and passes through special grease filters, where it is saturated with a large amount of oil vapor, due to which it begins to cool over time.

In the end, passing through such a pipe due to strong temperature changes, the oil condenses, air flows begin to separate from it and allow the fat to drain into the bath through special channels.

In turn, the air, which after such a process is purified, enters the round or.

2 Device classification

Today, two types of rectangular umbrellas are used for the chimney:

1. Hoods . Their main purpose is the complete elimination of unnecessary gases, substances, combustion products from the chimney. Heavily heated air streams are drawn in by an umbrella, after which they are transported through a pipe where grease filters are located and are eventually transported back to the air duct, with the help of which they are removed from the building. All this can be easily done by hand.
2. Supply and exhaust umbrellas . Thanks to them, both the exhaust of polluted air and the supply of new, clean air into the room are ensured. These umbrellas are best used in those rooms where, due to certain circumstances, the flow of clean air is limited. It is always necessary to carry out the calculation, taking into account the fact that the volumes of supplied and exhausted air flows will always differ from each other. Therefore, in no case should you rely on the fact that exhaust hoods will contribute to the complete destruction of odors, gases and other substances. Although the chimney, of course, will work much more efficiently.

There is also a classification according to the type of construction. So, exhaust and supply-exhaust rectangular and round umbrellas are divided into island and wall.

2.1 Do-it-yourself installation and calculation features

I would like to note that installing such umbrellas with your own hands is quite real, since in fact there is nothing complicated in such work. Below are some of the most popular ways to install a chimney umbrella.

• Method number 1. Installation of wall exhaust hoods using anchors. After a certain calculation, the length of the umbrella is selected and 2 or 3 equal holes are drilled in the back of the wall. Using enlarged models of washers, the exhaust hood is first attracted, and then installed on the wall. It is very important that the wall is perfectly flat.
• Do-it-yourself installation of rectangular umbrellas through collets and studs to the ceiling. At the very beginning, it is necessary to drill 4 identical holes for the studs. All these holes are drilled strictly along the edges of the umbrella, after which the device is attached directly to the ceiling. A modern chimney works perfectly if this option is used. The only negative, the calculation of the ceiling height to the standard length of the stud, does not allow the use of this technology if the height of the room is more than 4 meters.
• Installation of exhaust hoods for the chimney using various cables and chains through anchors and brackets to the ceiling. In order to do everything with your own hands, you need to weld 4 brackets of the required parameters to the upper horizontal part of the umbrella, after which, using a carabiner, securely fix the chain or cable. The second end of such a chain or cable must also be securely connected to the ceiling. Among the disadvantages of this method, one can note the precariousness of the structure, so it is not at all easy to tie it with air ducts, but such a scheme is perfect for a chimney.

As you can see, it is not at all difficult to do the installation yourself. The main thing is to adjust the umbrella as close as possible to the chimney pipe and take into account some of the nuances.

Application area

Supply and exhaust and exhaust hoods of ventilation systems are widely used today by industrial enterprises and not only. Such systems are widely used in enterprises Catering such as restaurants, canteens, bars, food factories, cafes and so on.

Also, the installation of umbrellas is carried out over all kinds of devices of thermal equipment, in particular, this applies to deep fryers, gas stoves, ovens. If the calculation allows you to install such umbrellas, then they are used in different industrial premises- food, pharmacological, physical, chemical.

2.2 It looks like a ventilation rectangular umbrella - video