The most interesting topics for the project. School design. Educational projects Educational project for a student
"Project activity" - Stage of current reflection. The use of an interactive whiteboard in the design and research activities of younger students. Software. Project protection. Development and creation of methodological material. Development and creation of didactic material. Filling in reflection templates. MS word. Demonstration of a report on the work done; presentation of certificates, diplomas.
"Projects of younger students" - Determine the features of the development of creative abilities of younger children school age. To identify approaches to the organization of an educational project in elementary school. Supertask method. Planning sheet. Skillful sneaks. Research hypothesis: Research objectives. Historical approaches to understanding the project method in pedagogy.
"How to make a project" - I study ... Project development (drawing up a work plan). Pre-protection. We created a firm, came up with leaflets, we made presentations. Questionnaires and leaflets. 5. What went wrong? The result is. 3. Did everything turn out the way we planned? We have accomplished what we set out to do. Joint "assemblies", adjustment of actions.
"Project topics in elementary school" - Textbooks. Puzzle fillers. Compilation of crossword puzzles. Knowledge of the Chuvash ornament. Come up with words. Compilation of puzzles. Collection of Chuvash patterns in drawings. My family tree. Branching and cycles in fairy tales. Topics of student project activities elementary school. Making up anagrams. Poetic informatics.
"Project activity and project" - "Project" - literally translated from lat. "thrown forward". Organization of design and research activities. Literature. We use the means of language in communication My language is my friend. Computing machines. Stages of project activity. Feathered pets. Favorite number Symmetry. Recommended projects. Grade 2
"Research projects of younger students" - Mini-projects. Designing a project folder. The essence of the concept. Stages of project activity. The main idea of the organization of project activities of students. The success of the project activities of children. Form. Features of the organization. "Bank" of project ideas. The roles of participants in project activities. Let's discuss. Forms of products of project activities.
What is a learning project? the project is the "five Ps": problem - design (planning) - information search - product - presentation The sixth "P" of the project is its portfolio, i.e. e. a folder in which all working materials are collected, including drafts, plans, reports, etc.
Types of projects Practice-oriented (layout, model, instructions, recommendations) Research (proof or refutation of any hypothesis) Informational (collection, design and presentation of information about any phenomenon or object) Creative (work of fine art, literature)
Stages of the project implementation Choice of the topic of the project Putting forward hypotheses for solving the problem Discussing the plan of work on the project Discussing possible sources of information Distribution of tasks in the group Independent work in groups Preparing a presentation and defending the project Evaluating the results of the project by students and teachers
Planning algorithm What needs to be done to achieve the project goal (tasks) How will you solve these problems (methods of work) When will you do it (timeframes) What do you have to do the work, what do you know how to do (available resources) What is ahead learn (missing resources) When you will implement all the necessary (project schedule)
Requirements for written work Correctly fill out the title page: school name, project name, full name class, consultant full name, teacher ..., village, year Number the pages, leaving margins on the left (1.5 cm). Print the work in 2 intervals (1 cm). Font 14 Structure of a written report on the work on the project: introduction (topic, topic selection, goal, tasks, work plan, information collection) main part, conclusion, applications (diagrams, tables, etc.) , used literature (in alphabetical order) and Internet resources (websites)
Requirements for the public defense of the project The defense is carried out orally, with a mandatory demonstration of the results of the project Before the defense, it is necessary to check the quality of the project product (models, presentations) Prepare a plan for the speech, abstracts of the speech Think over the form of defense (presentation, model, map, ...)
Speech 7 min It is obligatory in the speech to reflect what caused the choice of the topic, its relevance, possible practical application, how much material was collected, how the material was collected, what problems arose during its collection name the purpose and objectives of the project disclose summary research, reveal the essence of the work to speak according to a prepared plan to tell, not to read! do not stand with your back to the audience!
When speaking at the end: I think I managed to achieve the goal because ... to express my personal attitude to this topic, to summarize the work: what worked, what didn’t work, why, what are the prospects for working on the project (what else can be done further), what gave project work specify project resources
Project 8 is a work in which: The goal is defined and the plan is clearly formulated The plan consists of the main stages The topic is disclosed, the availability of knowledge outside the school curriculum Full information about the sources used can still be done according to the project) Creative, original approach of the author to the idea of the project Competent design of the work, protection within the time limits Aesthetics (model, layout)
If you are preparing a presentation… No more slides for variety: Use different kinds slides: with drawings, tables, diagrams Do not make a presentation bright, flashy, one animation
Amount of information Do not fill one slide with too much information: people can remember no more than three facts, conclusions, definitions The greatest efficiency is achieved when key points are displayed one at a time on each individual slide
26
"The only way leading to knowledge is activity."
Bernard Show
Project activities at school
success in modern world is largely determined by the ability of a person to organize his life as a project: to determine the long-term and short-term prospects, find and attract the necessary resources, outline an action plan and, having implemented it, assess whether it was possible to achieve the set goals. Numerous studies conducted both in our country and abroad have shown that the majority of modern leaders in politics, business, art, and sports are people with a project-based type of thinking. Today, the school has every opportunity to develop project thinking with the help of a special type of student activity - project activity.
And although project activities are increasingly used in general education schools, so far no idea has been formed about what it should be. A project can be called a work of a wide variety of genres: from an ordinary essay and a non-standard performance of a standard task (an answer in geography or history with the performance of songs and dances of the country or era being studied) to a really serious research followed by a defense on the basis of a term paper or thesis.
The project as a type of independent creative work of students
The method of projects developed back in the first half of the 20th century is once again becoming relevant in the modern information society. However, the introduction of project activities into school practice sometimes encounters certain difficulties.
Often a project is called any independent work of a student, say an essay or report. In general, the confusion with the terms is quite large, and our media actively contribute to this, in which sports events, show programs, and charity events are called projects. It is not surprising that sometimes teachers do not have a clear idea about the project as a method of teaching, and students - about the project as a well-defined type of independent work.
To avoid all these problems, it is necessary to clearly define what a project is, what its features are, how it differs from other types of independent work of the student, what is the degree of teacher participation at various stages of the project, how it depends on the age of the student and on his other individual features.
Among the various types of independent work of students, reports, abstracts and educational research are closest in genre to projects. Maybe that's why they are often confused not only by children, but also by adults. Before talking about a project as a learning method, you need to understand what a project is and how it differs from other types of work.
Report - oral or written communication with the purpose introduce listeners (readers) with a specific topic (problem), give general information, perhaps to present the views of the author of the report, which in this case do not require scientific verification or evidence. Since the preparation of the report can take a lot of time, the study of various sources, a certain presentation of the results, there is a temptation to talk about the project. The fact is that the work on the project is associated with the presentation of information. However, a report and a project are not the same thing.
Abstract - collection and presentation comprehensive information on a given topic from various sources, including the presentation of different points of view on this issue, bringing static data, interesting facts. When working on a project, there is a similar abstract stage, which, however, is only a part of the whole project.
Research work - work related to the solution of a creative, research problem with previously unknown results. If scientific research is aimed at clarifying the truth, at obtaining new knowledge, then educational research aims at acquiring by students the skill of research activity, mastering the research type of thinking. Such work is very similar to the project. However, in this case, the study is only a stage of project work.
Project - work aimed at solving a specific problem to achieve in the best possible way pre-planned outcome. The project may include elements of reports, abstracts, research and any other types of independent creative work of students, but only as ways to achieve the result of the project.
Project as a learning method
The project method is currently very widespread in teaching. It can be used in any school discipline where large-scale problems are solved, preferably for middle and senior students.
Informatics, although it began to be studied relatively recently, but immediately when studying this discipline, the project method of teaching began to be used. At first, projects were compiled at school using programming languages (Basis, Rascal), but now they are studied little, and at present project activities in computer science are based on applied programs (presentations, spreadsheets, databases, NTMI hypertext markup language).
An important role in the process of formation of professional self-education of schoolchildren is played by such teaching methods as the method of projects.
The project activity is aimed at cooperation between the teacher and the student, the development of creative abilities, is a form of assessment in the process of continuous education, and makes it possible for the early formation of professionally significant skills of students. Project technology is aimed at developing the personality of schoolchildren, their independence, and creativity. It allows you to combine all modes of work: individual, pair, group, collective.
The implementation of the project method in practice leads to a change in the role and function of the teacher. With this approach, the teacher acts as a consultant, partner, organizer of the cognitive activity of his students. In the process of working on a project, students have a need to acquire new knowledge and skills. There is a process of consolidating the skills of working on a separate topic or a large block of the course. The teaching method is a complex, multidimensional, multi-qualitative education. "If it were possible to build its spatial model, then we would see a bizarre crystal, sparkling with many facets and constantly changing its color," - this is how many authors define the concept of "teaching method".
Project method in teaching
The main goal of the project is the formation of creative thinking of students. There are many classifications of teaching methods, but almost all of them contain a research method, when students are given a cognitive task that they solve on their own, select the necessary methods for this and use the teacher's help. The project method can be attributed to the research type, in which students individually deal with a given problem.
The basis of the educational process is the cooperation and productive communication of students, aimed at joint problem solving, the formation of the ability to highlight the important, set goals, plan activities, distribute functions and responsibilities, think critically, and achieve significant results. In Russian pedagogy, this approach is associated with the use of such teaching methods as problem-based and project-based. Educational activities in this case are focused on successful activities in a real society. The result of training is no longer the assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities, but the formation of key competencies that ensure the success of practical activities.
An important feature of the project approach is humanism, attention and respect for the personality of the student, a positive charge, aimed not only at learning, but also at developing the personality of the trainees.
The word "project" in European languages is borrowed from Latin and means "thrown forward", "protruding", "conspicuous". Now this word is beginning to be understood as an idea, which the subject can and has the right to dispose of as his own thought. Currently, this term is often used in management, meaning in a broad sense any activity presented as a set of individual steps. This understanding is close, but somewhat different from that which has developed in Russian technical jargon. Here, the project is the idea of some new object (building, machine, mechanism or unit), materialized in drawings, diagrams, etc. documentation.
In the pedagogical literature, one can find various definitions of the educational project. In any case, the training project is based on the following points:
the development of cognitive, creative skills of students, the ability to independently search for information, the development of critical thinking;
independent activity of students: individual, pair, group, which students perform for a certain period of time;
solving some problem that is significant for students, modeling the activities of specialists in any subject area;
presenting the results of completed projects in a "tangible" form (in the form of a report, report, wall newspaper or magazine, etc.), and in the form of concrete results ready for implementation;
cooperation of students between themselves and the teacher ("pedagogy of cooperation").
For a student, a project is an opportunity to maximize their creative potential. This is an activity that allows you to express yourself individually or in a group, try your hand, apply your knowledge, benefit, show a publicly achieved result. This is an activity aimed at solving an interesting problem formulated by the students themselves. The result of this activity - the found way to solve the problem - is of a practical nature and significant for the discoverers themselves. And for a teacher, an educational project is an integrative didactic tool for development, training and education, which allows you to develop and develop specific skills and design skills: problematization, goal setting, activity planning, reflection and introspection, presentation and self-presentation, as well as information search, practical application of academic knowledge, self-study, research and creative activities.
When working with a project, it is necessary to highlight a number of characteristic features of this teaching method. First of all, it is the presence Problems to be resolved during the course of the project. Moreover, the problem should have a personally significant character for the author of the project, motivate him to search for a solution.
The project must have a clear, realistically achievable target. In the most general sense, the goal of the project is always to solve the original problem, but in each specific case this solution has its own unique solution has its own, unique embodiment. This incarnation is design product, which is created by the author in the course of his work and also becomes a means of solving the problem of the project.
There is one more difference in working with the project - preliminary planning work. The whole path from the initial problem to the implementation of the project goal must be divided into separate stages with their own intermediate tasks for each of them; identify ways to solve these problems and find resources.
The implementation of the work plan on the project, as a rule, is associated with the study of literature and other sources of information, the selection of information; possibly with various experiments, experiments, observations, studies, surveys; with the analysis and generalization of the received data; with the formulation of conclusions and the formation on this basis of their own point of view on the original problem of the project and ways to solve it.
The project must have written part - report on the progress of work, which describes all stages of work (starting with the definition of the project problem), all decisions made with their justification; all the problems that have arisen and how to overcome them; the collected information, the conducted experiments and observations are analyzed, the results of surveys are given, etc.; the results are summed up, conclusions are drawn, the prospects of the project are clarified.
An indispensable condition of the project is its public defense, presentation work results. During the presentation, the author not only talks about the progress of the work and shows its results, but also demonstrates his own knowledge and experience of the project problem, acquired competence. The element of self-presentation is the most important part of the work on the project, which involves a reflexive assessment by the author of all the work he has done and acquired during the experience.
At its core, the project method of teaching is close to problem-based learning, which involves the consistent and purposeful presentation of cognitive problems to students, solving which, under the guidance of a teacher, they actively acquire new knowledge. Problem-based learning ensures the strength of knowledge and its creative application in practice. In addition, the project method has similarities with developmental learning. Developmental learning is an active-activity way of learning, in which purposeful learning activities are carried out. At the same time, the student, being a full-fledged subject of this activity, consciously sets the goals and objectives of self-change and creatively achieves them.
Terms and meanings of words used for project activities proposed by M.Yu. Bukhara.
| Term | Dictionary meaning | Pedagogical value |
| Method | A method of theoretical research or practical implementation of something | A set of techniques, operations of mastering a certain area of practical or theoretical knowledge, a particular activity, a way of organizing the process of cognition |
| Project | Plan, idea, preliminary text of the document | - |
| Project method | - | A method based on the development of students' cognitive skills, critical and creative thinking, the ability to independently construct their knowledge, navigate the information space, see and formulate problem. A way to achieve a didactic goal through detailed development Problems, which should end with a very real tangible practical result, designed in a certain way. A method that offers a solution of some kind Problems, which involves the use of a variety of teaching methods and integrated knowledge from various fields of science, technology, and creative fields. |
| Problem | A task that requires permission, research. Awareness by the subject of the impossibility of resolving the difficulties and contradictions that have arisen in a given situation, with the help of his knowledge and experience. A problem starts in a problem situation. | A task containing contradiction, does not have a clear answer and requires the search for solutions. It originates in a problematic situation. |
| Problem situation | Circumstances and conditions of activity, containing contradictions and not having an unambiguous solution, in which the activity of an individual or group unfolds. | Circumstances and conditions of students' activities containing contradictions that do not have an unambiguous solution |
| Educational project | Modern educational and cognitive, creative or playful activity students - partners, having a common target, agreed ways activities aimed at achievement the overall result of solving any Problems significant for the project participants. |
Stages of work on the project. Student motivation.
When organizing the project activities of students, there are a number of circumstances that must be taken into account when working. A student cannot be offered as a project for which he does not have any knowledge of skills, despite the fact that he has nowhere to find and acquire this knowledge and skills. In other words, to work on a project, the author must have a certain initial (albeit minimal) level of readiness. And, of course, work that is very familiar, has been performed many times before, does not require the search for new solutions and, accordingly, does not provide an opportunity to acquire new knowledge and skills, cannot be a project. The first stage of the project is problematization- it is necessary to assess the existing circumstances and formulate the problem. At this stage, the primary motive for activity arises, since the presence of a problem gives rise to a feeling of disharmony and causes a desire to overcome it. The second stage of work - goal setting. At this stage, the problem is transformed into a personally significant goal and acquires the image of the expected result, which will later be embodied in the project product. The most important step in a project is planning, as a result of which not only the distant goal, but also the next steps acquire a clear outline. When there is a work plan, resources (materials, labor, time) and a clear goal, you can get to work. The next stage of the project cycle is the implementation of the existing plan.
Upon completion of the work, the author must compare the result with his intention, if possible, make corrections. This is the stage of reflection, analysis of the mistakes made, attempts to see the prospect of work, assessment of one's achievements, feelings and emotions that arose during and after the work. The final stage of work - self-esteem and reflection.
The main stages of the project are problematization, goal-setting, planning, implementation, reflection. However, within each stage there are smaller, but very important steps that must be completed in the course of work.
Formulating the goal of the work, the author of the project creates a mental image of the desired result of the work - project product, which is a prerequisite for work. During planning it is necessary to determine tasks to be solved at separate stages of work and ways which these tasks will be solved. Determine the order and timing of the work - develop schedule. At the stage implementation plan, it may be necessary to make certain changes in the tasks of individual stages and in the ways of working, and sometimes the author's idea of \u200b\u200bthe final result may change. project product. The project usually ends presentations the method found by the author to solve the original problem, the project product he created and self-presentation competence of the author of the project. The presentation is a project showcase. Everything should be subordinated to one goal - to best show the results of the work and the competence of its author, which he acquired in the process of this work. Self-presentation, the ability to show oneself in a favorable light, without losing a sense of proportion, is the most important social skill.
The presentation schedule, as a rule, provides no more than 7-10 minutes for a presentation. In this short time, it is necessary to tell about the work that was carried out over several months, was associated with the processing of a large amount of information, communication with various people, the discoveries made by the author.
So, the two main problems of the presentation are speech and regulations. It is very important to teach children to choose the most important thing, to express their thoughts briefly and clearly. It is better if the text of the presentation is written in the form of abstracts.
During the presentation, the author of the project may have to answer questions from the public. You need to be ready for this. It is better to start the answer by thanking the person who asks it (any question on the topic of the project indicates the interest of the public in the speech and gives the author one more chance to show his competence).
The presentation should be rehearsed.
The essence of the project activity of students.
The program of the new educational field "Technology" provides for the implementation by students of grades II - XI annually at least one creative project. It is the creative project activities of schoolchildren that will contribute to technological education, the formation of a technological culture of each growing person, which will help him take a different look at the environment, more rationally use the available resources of the Fatherland, increase natural wealth and human potential. The resurgent project method of teaching, with its skillful application, really allows you to identify and develop the inclinations of the individual, her abilities.
The project method of teaching "Technology" assumes that the design is carried out not under the tutelage of the teacher, but together with him, is not based on pedagogical dictate, but on the pedagogy of cooperation.
Designing also involves the study of not only technologies, but also the actual activities of people in the production and non-production sectors of the economy. Thus, we can talk about the ergonomic content of the new educational field "Technology", which is a natural development of polytechnics in modern conditions.
Design as a method of cognition should provide students with practical assistance in understanding the role of knowledge in life and learning, when they cease to be the goal, but become a means in genuine education, helping to master the culture of thinking. It is also aimed at the psychophysical, moral and intellectual development of schoolchildren, the activation of their inclinations and abilities, essential forces and vocation, inclusion in successful labor activity and the system of universal values, the formation and satisfaction of their activity and cognitive needs and needs, the creation of conditions for self-determination, creative self-expression and continuing education.
A creative project is an educational and labor task that activates the activity of students, as a result of which they create a product that has a subjective and sometimes objective novelty.
Organization and methodology for the implementation of creative projects
Under the method of projects in the educational field of "Technologist" we understand the method of organizing the cognitive and labor activity of students. It provides for the realization of certain needs of people, the development of ideas for the manufacture of products or services to meet these needs, the design and creation of a product or the provision of a service, an assessment of their quality, and the determination of real demand in the goods market.
The project method is a flexible model for organizing the educational process, focused on
It contributes to the development of observation and the desire to find answers to them, and then check the correctness of their answers by analyzing information, conducting experiments and research.
The results of projects can be products, services, systems. Students receive a technologist, developments for improving the environment and other skills in working with materials, tools and information as necessary to complete a project.
gradual increase in knowledge and skills;
executing projects in a variety of areas, ranging from the more familiar (home, school, recreation) to the more complex (society, business, industry);
the constant complication of the requirements for solving problems (using an integrated approach, taking into account a large number of influencing factors);
gradually, students become aware of their own abilities and opportunities to meet the needs of the individual and society;
the opportunity to focus on local conditions, since the problems for projects are selected mainly from the surrounding life.
Assistance to the student, tireless active guidance in choosing projects that are feasible for the student, actually carried out taking into account the really existing Material and other resources and, together with the most promising in terms of expanding the experience, horizons, ranks and skills of students, falls heavily on the shoulders of the teacher technologist,
These first functions of helping children to freely choose a project are followed by a number of others: assistance in project planning, its practical implementation, and in the analysis of final results.
The teacher should help students:
receive various materials, reference books, information, tools, etc.;
discuss ways to overcome difficulties through indirect, leading questions;
approve or disapprove the various phases of the working procedure;
learn how to write down the results of your activities;
give a brief analysis of the completed project.
When developing a project plan, students turn to reference books, use the Internet, other sources of information, consult with family members, knowledgeable people, study the tools, materials necessary for the project to fall out.
The technique of drawing up a plan, of course, can be the most diverse, as varied as the projects themselves. The most important thing is that the plan should correspond to the project and, and not vice versa,
Of particular importance is the project method, which allows schoolchildren in the system to master organizational and practical activities along the entire design and technological chain - from an idea to its implementation in a model, product, service, integrate knowledge from different areas, apply them in practice, while creating new ones. knowledge, ideas, material aim. The use of the project method as the leading one in the technological education of schoolchildren contributes to the implementation of didactic functions.
The educational function of the new approach to technology education involves introducing students to basic technological knowledge, skills and terminology.
The educational function of the new approach to the technological education of schoolchildren consists in the development of personal qualities: efficiency, enterprise, responsibility, in the development of reasonable risk skills, etc. success in business depends on the personal contribution of each.
The developing function of using the project method in technological education is that students are aware of the possibilities of applying abstract technological knowledge and
Students develop the ability to choose one solution from many alternatives and awareness of all the short and long term problems of this choice
1. Introduction.
The concept of the project, project activities, project culture, Project structure. Typology of projects.
Students should know:
- the concept of the project, project activities,
- project typology.
- Students should be able to;
- distinguish between types of projects;
- determine the structure of the project.
1. Practice-oriented project.
It is aimed at the social and interests of the project participants themselves.
The product is predefined and can be used in the classroom, school, city, etc. etc.
The palette is diverse - from a textbook for a physics classroom to a package of recommendations for the restoration of Russia.
2. Research project.
The concept of a research project. Features of the research project Basic concepts necessary for the implementation of the research project; object of study, problem It includes substantiation of the relevance of the chosen topic, designation of research objectives, discussion of the results obtained,
3. Information project. It is aimed at collecting information about some object, phenomenon in order to analyze it, generalize the presentation for a wide audience.
4. Role project.
The development and implementation of such a project is the most difficult. By participating in it, the projects take on the roles of literary or historical characters.
5. Creative project.
Assumes the most free and unconventional approach to the design of the results.
The concept of a creative project. Features of the creative project. The main stages of the implementation of creative projects.
Elaboration of the structure of the activity of the participants of the creative project.
Presentation of results in the form of videos, articles, albums Students should know:
- the concept of a creative project;
- main stages of a creative project
Students should be able to;
- choose and justify the topic of the project;
- select the necessary information for the implementation of the project;
- work out the structure of joint activities of participants; creative project;
- document the results of project activities,
6. Design and evaluation of the project.
Registration of results of project activity. Making a list of references and applications.
Criteria for assessing the implementation of projects. Protection of the project, Criteria for evaluating the protection of the completed project
Students should know;
- criteria for evaluating completed projects;
- criteria for evaluating the defense of the completed project.
Students should be able to:
- evaluate the completed project;
- protect the project.
Selection and justification of projects.
The choice of projects is determined by the needs of various spheres of life of the individual and society (school, industry, leisure, home), the need to meet them, improve and modernize existing commodities and services.
1) The main problems arising in the selection, analysis, implementation of the project:
1. How to define the field of activity.
2. How to choose a project topic.
3. How to choose a model, product design.
4. How to develop a product manufacturing technology.
5. How to conduct an economic calculation of the product.
6. How to issue a project report.
2) The main criteria for selecting projects:
1. Originality.
2. Availability.
3. Reliability.
4. Technical excellence.
5. aesthetic merit.
6. Safety.
7. Compliance with public needs.
8. Ease of use (ergonomics).
9. Manufacturability.
10. Material consumption.
11. Cost, etc.
For greater clarity, you can use the "asterisk of justification" (contemplation), where in the center is the object of study, and on the periphery are the factors that determine its consumer properties that need to be improved.
"Asterisk of Reflection"
Further, the feasibility of manufacturing is determined, proceeding from the knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the technology lessons, the possibilities of logistics, economic and environmental feasibility, etc.
Basic requirements for product design
Manufacturability - the ability to make the product as simply as possible, in particular on the existing equipment, from available materials, with the lowest labor costs.
Creative direction and entertainment. Creative activity and consideration of the interests of children are supposed.
Consistency. The content of work on the implementation of projects should reflect the material studied during the academic year, be polytechnical directed,
Feasibility. It assumes the correspondence of the level of preparation of students to their individual, age and physical abilities.
Profitability. It requires the manufacture of a product at the lowest cost, with the greatest profit in the sale and operation of the product.
Environmental friendliness. The manufacture and operation of the manufactured product should not entail significant imputations in the environment, disruption of human, animal and plant life.
Safety. It is envisaged both at the project implementation stage and at the operation stage. Safety is associated with a system of labor protection measures, industrial sanitation, and hygiene. The project should exclude the possibility of injuries and occupational diseases.
Ergonomics. Associated with the scientific organization of labor. It provides for the organization of the workplace with the lowest energy costs of a person during maintenance.
Compliance with design requirements. The designed product should be outwardly aesthetically beautiful, fashionable, the colors and all the details should be harmoniously combined, and the tank should be functional and practical.
Significance. The manufactured product must have a certain value and utility in the interests of society or a particular individual.
Area of knowledge used in the implementation of technology projects
Anthropometry is the measurement of the human body and its parts when taking measurements, identifying the compliance of the product with the size and shape of a person.
Life safety - a system of measures for labor protection, industrial sanitation, hygiene, etc.
Biology - the structure of the human body, the features of his body movements.
Geography - climatic conditions different regions, temperature limits in a given climatic region.
The history of the costume - information about the history of development, modifications of certain types of clothing.
Mathematics - calculation of formulas for constructing a pattern, calculation of the cost of materials, money, mathematical dependencies.
Materials science is the study of the means of materials for the correct choice of the appropriate product for a given model.
Mechanics, elements of mechanical engineering - the simplest adjustment (repair) of equipment on which work is performed.
Modeling (technical modeling) - changing the pattern drawing in order to obtain the desired model of the product.
Career guidance - information about professions, the acquisition of professional knowledge and skills.
Psychology - features of human perception, for example, the laws of visual illusion in color, in artistic modeling.
Drawing - development of sketches of alternative models (elements of artistic modeling), the laws of composition, drawing.
Technology - cutting, working with fabric, technological processes in the manufacture of products.
Chemistry, physics - physical and chemical properties of materials, dyes, various additives in the composition of the fabric, information on the production of fabrics.
Color science is the choice of color as an important informational quality of a costume: the influence of different colors on the features of a given figure and on the whole appearance (the ability to emphasize advantages and hide flaws), the harmonious combination of colors, the patterns of color combinations, the symbolism of color and the purpose of the costume.
Drawing - building a pattern drawing.
Ecology - environmental friendliness of materials, influence, harmful dyes and other components that make up fabrics.
Economics, basics of entrepreneurship - calculation of the cost of a product, family economics, mini-marketing research, compliance with the quality of products, compliance with the quality of products and prices for them, that is, supply and demand), planning possible ways to sell their products.
Aesthetics - the embodiment in the costume of the desired aesthetic idea (taste, aesthetic flair, intuition, sense of color and shape, sense of proportion, understanding of rhythm and composition in the costume).
General view and structure of the explanatory note.
A project is an independent creative completed work of a student, completed under the guidance of a teacher. It usually consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The latter is a specific product, layout, model, video film, computer development, etc., and the explanatory note is theoretical. The following are guidelines for its preparation. Of course, when using them, it is necessary to take into account the age capabilities of students, and the content of the explanatory note to the fifth grader's project will differ significantly from that made by the senior student.
The structure of the explanatory note depends on the type of work, and in general should contain:
- Title page.
- Table of contents (content).
- Introduction.
- Main chapters.
- Conclusion.
- Bibliography.
- Application.
Structural elements of the explanatory note.
Title page
The title page is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled out according to certain rules.
The upper field indicates the full name of the educational institution. On average, the name of the project is given without the word "subject" and quotation marks. It should be as short and precise as possible - correspond to the main content of the project. If it is necessary to specify the title of the work, then you can give a subtitle, which should be as short as possible and not turn into a new title. Next, the surname, first name, school number and class of the designer (in the nominative case) are indicated. Then the surname and initials of the project leader.
The bottom field indicates the place and year of the work (without the word "year").
After the title page, a table of contents is placed, which lists all the titles of the explanatory note and indicates the pages on which they are located. It is impossible to reduce them or give them in a different formulation, sequence and subordination. All blanks are written with a capital letter and without a dot at the end. The last word of each heading is connected by a dot to the corresponding page number in the right column of the table of contents.
Introduction to work
It substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, the purpose and content of the tasks set, formulates the planned result and the main problems considered in the project, indicates interdisciplinary connections, informs who the project is intended for and what is its novelty. The introduction also describes the main sources of information (official, scientific, literary, bibliographic). It is advisable to list the equipment and materials used in the course of the project.
Heads of the main body
The following is the formulation of the goal, and the specific tasks to be solved in accordance with it.
The first chapter of the project discusses the proposed methodology and technique for its implementation, provides short review literature and other materials on the topic.
In the next chapter (search) it is necessary to develop a bank of ideas and proposals for solving the problem considered in the project.
In the technological part of the project, it is necessary to develop a sequence for the implementation of the object. It may include a list of steps technological map, which describes the algorithm of operations with the indication of tools, materials and processing methods.
Next, it is necessary to consider the economic and environmental assessment of the project. In the economic part, a complete calculation of the costs of manufacturing the designed product is presented. Further advertising of the project and marketing research. Particular attention should be paid to the environmental assessment of the project: the justification that the manufacture and operation of the designed product will not entail changes in the environment, disturbances in human life.
Conclusion
At the end of the project, the results are presented, their relationship with the general goal and specific tasks formulated in the Introduction is determined, and self-assessment by students of the work done by them is given.
Bibliography
After the Conclusion, a list of used literature is placed. All borrowings must necessarily have subscript references from where the cited materials are taken.
Applications
Auxiliary or additional materials that clutter up the main part of the work are placed in applications. The application contains tables, text, graphs, maps, drawings. Each application must start on a new sheet (page) with the word "Application" in the upper right corner and have a thematic heading. If there is more than one application in operation, they are numbered with Arabic numerals (without the number sign), for example: "Appendix 1", "Appendix 2", etc. The numbering of pages on which applications are given should be continuous and continue the general numbering of the main text. Through it, with applications, it is carried out through links that are used with the word "look" (see), enclosed together with the cipher in parentheses.
Literature
- Kruglikov G. I. Methods of teaching technology with practical work. M.: 2003.
- Morozova N.G., Kravchenko N.G., Pavlova O.V. Technology grades 5-11: project activities of students. Volgograd: Teacher, 2007.
- Stupnitskaya M.A. What is a learning project? M.: First of September, 2010.
- Stupnitskaya M.A. Creative potential of project activities of schoolchildren. Development of creative abilities of schoolchildren and formation various models taking into account individual achievements. M.: Center "School book", 2006.
REMINDER
for creating educational projects and presentations
Project method is a system of education, a flexible model of the organization of the educational process, focused on the self-realization of the student's personality, the development of his intellectual qualities and creative abilities.
the purpose of the forthcoming actions is formulated;
the main stages are outlined;
the results of each stage are defined in the form of tasks;
set deadlines for the project;
executors are defined, functions of each are distributed;
the sources of funds to achieve the goal are outlined;
the form of reporting on the results of the project was determined;
Project activity- this is an educational, cognitive, creative or gaming activity that has a common goal, agreed methods, methods of activity, aimed at achieving a common result of the activity.
Types of Learning Projects
1.Research. Under research project the activity of the author is meant, aimed at solving a creative, research problem (task) with an unknown solution in advance and assuming the presence of the main stages characteristic of scientific research.
2.Creative. This type of project involves a clear planning of the final results and the form of their presentation. The structure of the project is only outlined and developed further in the course of work, obeying the genre of the final result and the interests of the participants, but already at the very beginning it is stipulated what the project will be. It can be a joint newspaper, an essay, a video film, and so on.
3. Introductory and indicative (informational). This type of projects is aimed at working with information about some object, phenomenon. It is supposed to familiarize the project participants with specific information, its analysis and generalization for a wide audience. Such projects, like research projects, require a well-thought-out structure and the possibility of its correction in the course of work.
4. Practice-oriented (applied). These projects are distinguished by the future result of the activity of its participants, clearly indicated from the very beginning. For example, a document created on the basis of the results of a study; program of action, recommendations.
The project should contain the following parts:
main part
conclusion (summary)
bibliography
title page
brief annotation
Stage 1
Choice of topic wording- This is the initial and very serious stage of any research. The topic should be relevant, i.e. practically useful and of scientific interest. When choosing a research topic, the author should be guided by several rules:
the topic should be interesting, should captivate, correspond to the inclinations of the author,
the topic must be feasible, its solution must be of real benefit,
The topic must be original
the topic must be feasible, achievable and comprehensible literary sources.
1. initial stage any project is the rationale for the relevance of the chosen topic. Explanation of relevance should be laconic. The main thing is to show the essence of the problem situation, to explain why the study is being conducted.
2. Goal Statement, i.e. posing a question that needs to be answered. At the same time, the proposed goal should be specific and accessible. The work must be necessary. Its results should be of interest not only to the author himself, but also to some other circle of people.
3. After highlighting the target, you need to point to specific tasks to be solved (study, describe, establish, find out, derive a formula, etc.).
4. Necessary condition design work is to define it object and subject. In the object, the part that serves as the subject of research is singled out.
Object of study- a process or phenomenon that generates a problem situation and is chosen for study.
Subject of study- everything that is within the boundaries of the object of study in a certain aspect of consideration.
5. Hypothesis is a necessary attribute of any research.
Hypothesis is a scientific hypothesis put forward to explain some phenomena. The hypothesis arises as possible variant problem solving.
2 - stage
Carrying out project work:
Collection of experimental data, comparing them with literature data and theoretical predictions.
After the topic is chosen, the questions that need to be answered are formulated - you need to try to collect as much information as possible about the subject of study.
Work planning implies the need to choose a research methodology, calculate what the required volume of observations or the number of experiments should be, estimate what part of the work, how long it will take you.
Choice of working method depends on the purpose and subject of the study: observation, comparison, experiment, analysis, synthesis, etc.
3-stage
Registration of the results of the work
After a detailed study of all scientific literature on the topic of research and a final discussion of the results of one's own research, the stage of literary design of the work begins - its writing.
Work structure:
Title page,
Introduction,
Main part,
Conclusion,
Bibliography,
Applications.
Title page- the first page of the work (not numbered). The table of contents lists the work items with page indications. Introduction is a brief justification of the relevance of the chosen topic, goals and objectives. The purpose, tasks and research methods are indicated. A review of the literature on this topic is carried out. The main part presents and analyzes the results obtained. The reference number in the text of the work must correspond to the serial number in the bibliography. The appendix contains diagrams, graphs, tables, figures.
Project work plan:
Introduction (substantiation of relevance, definition of the goal, task, object, subject, research hypothesis).
The main part (literature review, research methodology, description of the study).
Conclusion (conclusions and results).
Bibliography.
1. The introduction should include the formulation of the problem statement, reflect the relevance of the topic, determine the goals and objectives set for the performer of the work, characterize the object, subject, research hypothesis, characterize the personal contribution of the author of the work to solving the chosen problem.
Introduction is a very important part of the job. The introduction should contain clear answers to next questions:
What is interesting given task from the point of view of science or its practical application? What is the place of the results of this work in the general solution of the problem? Why was the work done, what was its purpose and to what extent was it achieved?
2. Main part should contain a brief overview of the literature and sources used with the author's conclusions, the degree of knowledge of this issue, a description of the main facts under consideration, a description of the methods for solving the problem, a comparison of the old and proposed methods known to the author, justification of the chosen solution (efficiency, accuracy, simplicity, visibility, practical significance, etc.). The main part is divided into chapters (paragraphs). At the end of each chapter (paragraph) there should be conclusions. The conclusions essentially repeat what was already said in the previous chapter, but is formulated concisely, already without detailed proofs.
3. Conclusion should contain in a concise form the conclusions and results obtained by the author (indicating, if possible, directions for further research and proposals for the possible practical use of the research results).
4. Bibliography contains in alphabetical order a list of publications, editions and sources used by the author, indicating the publisher, city, total number of pages.
Generally accepted design standards design work
Font: Times New Roman, 14, not bold (except for emphasizing the titles of sections, subsections, etc.).
Line spacing: one and a half.
Fields: top - 2 cm, bottom - 2 cm, left - 3 cm, right - 1.5 cm.
Pagination- from the second (page with a plan or content).
paragraphs- indent from the left border of the main text by 1.5 cm.
Text alignment in width.
The page is at least 40% full.
Each section starts on a new page (not a subsection). Do not put a dot after the section name.
Applications are not included in the scope of work.
Basic principles for developing training presentations
1. Optimal volume. The most effective visual range is no more than 8 - 20 slides. A presentation of a larger number of slides causes fatigue, distracts from the essence of the phenomena being studied.
2. Availability.It is obligatory to take into account the age characteristics and the level of training of students. It is necessary to provide an understanding of the meaning of each word, sentence, concept, to reveal them, based on the knowledge and experience of students, to use figurative comparisons.
3. Variety of forms. Implementation individual approach to the student, taking into account his ability to perceive the proposed educational material in terms of complexity, volume, content.
4. Accounting for the peculiarities of perception of information from the screen. Concepts and abstract positions reach the consciousness of students more easily when they are supported by concrete facts, examples and images; Therefore, it is necessary to use different types of visualization.
It is necessary to alternate static images, animation and video clips.
5. Amusement. The inclusion (without prejudice to the scientific content) in the presentation of funny stories, cartoon characters enlivens the lesson, creates a positive attitude, which contributes to the assimilation of the material and stronger memorization.
6. Beauty and aesthetics. An important role is played color combinations and consistency of style in the design of slides, musical accompaniment. Visual education is based not on abstract concepts and words, but on specific images that are directly perceived by the audience.
7. Dynamism. It is necessary to choose the optimal pace for the transition of slides, animation effects for perception.
Creating a presentation consists of three steps:
I. Presentation planning is a multi-step procedure that includes setting goals, studying the audience, forming the structure and logic of presenting the material.
II. Presentation development - methodological features of preparing presentation slides, including vertical and horizontal logic, content and correlation of text and graphic information.
III. Presentation rehearsal- This is a check and debugging of the created presentation.
Presentation requirements
Slides design
Keep a consistent style.
Avoid styles that will detract from the presentation itself.
Auxiliary information (control buttons) should not prevail over the main information (text, illustrations).
Cold tones are preferred for the background.
Use of color
Animation effects
Use the power of computer animation to present information on a slide. You should not abuse various animation effects, they should not distract attention from the content of the information on the slide.
Use short words and sentences.
Headlines should grab the audience's attention.
Location of information on the page
Preferably a horizontal arrangement of information.
Most important information should be in the center of the screen.
If there is a picture on the slide, the caption should be placed under it.
Avoid solid text. Better to use bulleted and numbered lists.
Fonts
For headings - at least 24. For information - at least 18.
Can't be mixed different types fonts in one presentation.
Use bold, italic or underline to highlight information.
You can not abuse capital letters (they are read worse than lowercase).
Ways to highlight information
Frames should be used; borders, fill, hatching, arrows; drawings, diagrams, diagrams to illustrate the most important facts.
Amount of information
You should not fill one slide with too much information: people can remember no more than three facts, conclusions, definitions at a time. An underfilled slide is better than an overflowing one.
The greatest efficiency is achieved when the key points are displayed one at a time on each individual slide.
Make your slide easier. The audience has only about a minute to perceive it.
To make learning interesting, and the sciences studied become more of a joy than a burden, it is recommended that all secondary school students be active in activities such as various projects. That is, the student must interesting idea associated with some school subject, such as drawing or history ancient world. Let's look at interesting topics for the project. But just remember that it is recommended to take on only such a thing that you can do.
Let's look into space
Students in both grades 5 and 11 can prepare an astronomy project. Of course, the younger generation will face more simple tasks. For example, you can watch the phases of the moon every evening for a month to understand how the Earth's satellite changes and whether it actually affects well-being, mood, performance and weather phenomena. If desired, observations can be made throughout the year. But you should take into account those moments when it is cloudy.
Older students can take a project on the topic "Space" more seriously, for example, using a telescope to observe the surface of the moon or find neighboring planets in the sky.
The goal of both younger and older students is to study the processes occurring in outer space from the surface of the Earth, and also to understand whether any phenomena affect the weather and people.
Let's study botany
And now consider the project activity, which is more likely to appeal to girls. It is associated with growing plants, germinating seeds, caring for flowers.
It is worth noting that seeds can be germinated all year round such as peas, lentils, beans or wheat. By the way, seeds in which sprouts have reached a length of no more than 3-4 mm are eaten in small quantities. Why? It is this question that can be analyzed during the project and presented at the final presentation.
As for growing plants, there are two options here: planting seeds or cuttings. You can, for example, plant the seeds of plants such as dates, apricots or apples. Then observe what will grow, how the young plant will behave further.
Of course, it is advisable to grow in the spring. Therefore, the project can be carried out all summer, and in the fall, draw up a report and show the result of your work.
About Motherland
It is very important for every student to learn to love his Motherland. There can be many topics about her. What kind of homeland project can we do? Suppose we make a collection of poems by classical poets on the theme of the Fatherland. What do the classics Pushkin, Yesenin, Lermontov say about their country? You can, for example, make a book yourself by taking a stack of white blank sheets, stitching them together. Do not forget to make the future book a hardcover with the inscription "Poems of the classics about the Motherland." Next, we write out suitable poems in the book by hand, for example, with a fountain pen. And if there is no such possibility, then black gel. Before the performance, it is advisable to memorize some of your favorite poems.
Young artists and historians can also tell about the Motherland. Find paintings by famous artists dedicated to Russia. Or you can collect interesting historical information, put it on a large wall newspaper. On the other hand, a holiday dedicated to Russian traditions: cuisine, costumes, games, art would be a good idea.
Music projects
Consider interesting project topics for grade 5. Students going to high school, study not only basic subjects, such as the Russian language, literature and mathematics, but also art: fine arts, music. Even these subjects can create excellent projects. For example, in music. A student enrolled in a music school, studying notes and musical instruments, can coordinate with the teacher any interesting project. For example, prepare a peppy melody on a flute or piano, then perform in front of the whole class or even in the assembly hall at a school or national holiday.
You can also study the effect of music on people. That is, to observe which genre is more suitable for raising your mood and even improving your well-being, which music is useful and which is undesirable. The same can be said for lyrics.
The role of mathematics and the Russian language in our life
Literacy and the ability to count is the duty of every self-respecting person. Respect for the Motherland and compatriots begins with the ability to speak beautifully, competently compose texts. Unfortunately, illiteracy is everywhere nowadays. Often the usual "Hello" is written with errors even by adults.
As for mathematics, it is often not necessary to count in the mind, since a smartphone or tablet can always be at hand. But you may have to calculate in your mind one day. It is also important to be able to think logically. That is why these two school subjects are relevant topics for the project. They can even be combined, and then, in coordination with teachers, make observations on how to correct the situation with illiteracy and inability to count.
Let's say you can start with an introduction about how to improve general literacy. For example, communicate less with people on the Internet, and read more often useful books. Or you can conduct your own research using social networks, forums to give approximate statistics on how many people can write correctly. You can also continue this research in the classroom and even throughout the school by asking the teacher what progress the students have in the Russian language. Then offer their methods to correct the situation with illiteracy.
As far as mathematics is concerned, observations can be made on how best to calculate in the mind so as not to get confused. For example, a person cannot quickly calculate how much 47 + 89 will be. But in life it can happen that you need to calculate very quickly. How to be? Submit an idea for a project. It is worth noting that such an event will help the authors themselves in the future.
Love and protect nature
It will be noble if you create a project on the theme "Nature". There are several directions to choose from:
- garbage collection in nearby forests and groves (if possible);
- study of the plant world;
- hikes and outings for the purpose of recreation;
- picking mushrooms and berries, useful herbs and flowers;
- study of human interaction with nature;
- state of the environment.
Of course, it is easiest for rural schoolchildren to carry out absolutely any of the above items.
Young citizens can only be offered weekend outings, as well as studying the interaction of people with the environment.
The aim of the project should be:
- rapprochement with nature;
- love for the environment;
- respect for flora and fauna;
- collecting the gifts of nature without causing damage.
In this way, students can learn to communicate with nature, not damage it, and also use the opportunity to learn how to survive in the forest.
Country travel
Geography is quite an interesting subject, especially when it comes to studying the map of the world and various exotic countries. The project on the theme "Journey" will become relevant for those students whose parents travel a lot. For sure, during the school holidays, the student, together with his family, goes to the sea or flies abroad. A young traveler can be offered an idea not only for a photo report, but also for studying the local culture, climate, gastronomy, and even the nature of people.
It would seem, why is this necessary and what is the ultimate goal? In fact, you can learn a lot of interesting things from your classmate. Most likely, he will share his impressions. It is also not necessary to visit exotic countries, you can travel around the vast Russia. For example, a student lives in Krasnodar Territory, in the Kuban. I have never been to Moscow or St. Petersburg. Why not dedicate the project to the two capitals?
The project on the topic "Cities of the World" can be taken even by those who have never even been to the neighboring region. For this you can use various materials: books, magazines, watch videos on the Internet posted by travelers, read about people's impressions. Or study the climate of different states and draw conclusions about the possibility of a favorable holiday in a given season. That is, imagine yourself as an employee of a travel agency.
holiday projects
Projects on the theme "Holidays" are even ordinary school wall newspapers. For example, you can decorate a sheet of drawing paper with beautiful images, add interesting text on the relevant topic:
- Victory Day.
- Defender of the Fatherland Day.
- Teacher's Day and so on.
For any celebration, you need to prepare in such a way that everyone feels a really real holiday, gets joy and unforgettable impressions. Unfortunately, currently holidays, even the New Year, began to pass routinely and without interest. Try to return sincere joy, a feeling of happiness with the help of good old traditions. You can also make it a school tradition to celebrate Orthodox Christmas on January 7th.
Art and culture
Less demanded, but no less interesting will be the project on the theme "Art". How to prepare it? For example, choose a topic about antique dishes. Add photos, go to the museum. At the end of the project, you can try to make your own dishes from the same materials that were made in ancient times (if possible) to imagine what it was like. manual labor. In addition, by studying art, you can learn how to create your own design projects, make useful and beautiful things.
Culture is one of the main features of the people. Not only trips to museums and theaters should become leisure for young citizens, but also simple communication with each other. After all, culture also means behavior, character.
Mercy and help to animals
Our four-legged and winged friends in the modern world need human help: feed, shelter, cure. Therefore, the project on the theme of animals is relevant for almost everyone and in any school. Where can you start? For example, to monitor pets: what they eat, what they prefer, how much time they spend in a dream. Then you should watch the street animals.
Just keep in mind that abandoned dogs and cats are potentially dangerous. Therefore, they need to be fed with caution: you can put food in a place that is safe for the animal (away from the roadway, industrial enterprises, railway and reservoirs). Keep a distance. You can record all your actions in a special diary, which will become a report on the work done.
Safety first!
Life safety, it would seem, is one of the less significant subjects that you do not need to take at the state exams in the final grades, you also do not need to study until the end of the 11th grade, but this discipline is still important. It is here that the younger generation can learn many rules that will save lives and preserve health.
Consider interesting topics for the project on the basics of life safety. Fifth graders can dedicate an event to the rules traffic. After all, they should be known not only by motorists, but also by pedestrians.
As for the senior classes, children who have studied the basics of electrical engineering in physics can easily create a project on electrical safety at home, at school and on the street. After all, electricity and electrical appliances surround us everywhere, so there is always a risk of electric shock.
A common theme for all students will be the discussion of where you can walk. Unfortunately, often children get into trouble because of being in a dangerous zone. To avoid trouble, develop an action plan for allowed and prohibited places to walk.
Climate and weather
Earlier, we considered a project on the theme "Space", similarly, you can compose an event for observing weather phenomena. Let's say you can start a diary in the form of a long tape, consisting of notebook sheets, which will display all the information about the weather. That is, you will have a kind of archive that can prompt and enable you to analyze natural phenomena in general.
You can also play as a meteorologist, watching the weather every day. If possible, get a mechanical barometer that will help you predict what will happen in the coming days.
Such an event will especially help residents countryside, employed in the fields, gardens and hayfields, as well as tell the mushroom pickers when you can go hiking.
Physical activity
Project activities in physical education can also be interesting if you set a goal: improvement, health preservation. Find information about why certain exercises are done. You can use the canons of Avicenna. You can also come up with your own set of exercises, monitor your well-being.
Sports and dancing can become an integral part of the project. What benefits do they bring to a person, what can be achieved?
History and Fatherland
Similar to the project on the theme "Motherland", you can create an event to study the history of Russia. In addition, you may be able to find reliable information about what peoples inhabited the earth before the advent of Rus'. And how did people live, what did they eat, what did they build 1-2 thousand years ago? Try to understand this issue.
It is also important to study the history of Russia in order to understand how our ancestors lived. What were their spiritual values? It is known that in Rus' they honored traditions, respected elders, there was a strong Orthodox faith. Maybe we should change everything for the better, return the old traditions by asking for help from our ancestors through books and museums.
Drawing as development
Such a subject as fine arts should not be left without attention. Even ordinary drawing can help a person in different situations. No wonder psychologists say that randomly created drawings can determine what is happening in the human soul. But each of us can become a psychologist for himself. By drawing a picture in certain colors, you can assess your condition and make adjustments.
This is an interesting enough topic for a project that even high school graduates can take on. At the same time, it is possible to describe the relationship between drawing and personality psychology.
How to love studying
It is advisable for elementary school students to offer a topic that will help develop interest in the sciences, and in learning in general. Often, students get tired of uninteresting theories and theses, but they want to feel and understand everything. Therefore, it is better to provide the opportunity to create project topics for grade 5. For example, why sciences such as mathematics and natural science are needed, how history will help in life.
If you wish, you can take several topics that will be within your power. Therefore, before making a choice, you need to ask your elders whether all the interesting topics for projects can be done and completed on time? For example, growing a flower and observing the moon can be done in parallel. But creating pottery and sewing festive costumes will take a lot of time.
