Floors on the new technology fantastic. New flooring technologies. D floor: technology from A to Z

Self-leveling floors 3d almost immediately became popular after the appearance on the market, despite the rather high price. This is a universal coating, which is used with the same degree of efficiency on objects with different interior and purpose. All work can be done with your own hands, but you need to prepare a drawing, strictly follow the manufacturing technology, and control environmental conditions.

What is a 3d floor?

The coating of this type consists of several layers: base, pattern / texture, finishing. The compositions for this task tend to harden quite quickly, so the option of making a 3D floor with your own hands is difficult to implement, but still possible. The drawing can be sketched directly onto the rough coating, but in domestic conditions it is preferable to use material with a fixed pattern. This is a less time-consuming process, and besides, it will also be cheaper.

Multicomponent compositions (polymer, mineral) are used as the basis of the coating. The 3D effect is provided by the top layer. To obtain a more pronounced volume of the image, you need to increase the thickness of the finish. But in this case, it will be necessary to use materials with a different ratio of components so that changing the parameters of the coating does not affect its strength.

Phased work

The technology of pouring a self-leveling floor includes three main stages: preparation of the base (rough screed); transferring a pattern or pattern / creating a textured surface (pebbles, sand, shells, etc.); finishing. But before starting the work with your own hands, it is recommended to pay special attention to the stage of choosing an image, as well as its preparation.

What to consider when choosing a picture

The first step is to determine your own preferences. It can be a drawing transferred to the screed, photo printing, abstraction and other creations. An important nuance is that the image must be of high quality (at least 1440 dpi). 3D floors will look spectacular on maritime theme, photos of the abyss, descent. For all other cases, it is recommended to equip a thicker finish layer to enhance the perception of volume.

Popular 3D drawings with depth effect: these are water, abyss, descent. Especially the marine theme, where, thanks to a special airbrushing technique, a truly impressive realism is achieved.

In order not to injure the psyche, it is better to avoid using photographs depicting danger (monsters, predators, creepy motifs). Another direction that should not be used is falling or moving objects (for example, a large wave), since dynamism in the image when arranging a 3D bulk coating is not the best option.

The most common mistakes in arranging 3D floors, selecting a pattern

Flashy photos with a lot of bright elements are also not suitable. All these images will constantly affect the subconscious in a negative way.

How to change perspective

If you plan to do all the work yourself, you need to understand a graphics program with sufficient functionality to fully change the characteristics of the image. The most popular option is Photoshop.

Detailed instructions for further actions:

1. The room where the 3D floor will be poured with your own hands must be photographed, and this should be done from the right angle, for example, standing at the entrance;
2. The graphic editor allows you to superimpose a pre-selected picture on the image of the room;
3. The photo is cleaned up: nothing superfluous should remain on it, except for the floor with the picture fixed on it;
4. Getting outlines floor covering in perspective (it resembles a trapezoid in shape), you need to correct the borders of the image with your own hands until you get a rectangle (tools in the Vanishing Point graphics editor, Create plane tool);
5. It remains only to save the file (extension.png).

The quality of the image directly depends on how carefully the floor was cut in the photo.

printout

A common option for transferring photos is through banner fabric. The popularity of this material is due to its resistance to moisture, sometimes even with aggressive components (rain, snow). Given the high quality of the future coverage, the cost of banner fabric is quite acceptable - about 20 USD/sq. m. You can contact any organization that offers outdoor printing services to print the file.

It is recommended that you print a test print on a small paper size. This will allow you to evaluate the quality of the image and the product as a whole. It is also quite possible to order a full-size black and white print on paper, then it will be possible to evaluate the pattern on the floor of the room.

Foundation preparation

The concrete surface is cleaned. Moreover, you need to remove with your own hands not only dust, but also greasy stains (oil, grease, etc.). The surface is covered with a primer mixture; without this, the technology of laying materials will be disrupted due to low adhesion. An intermediate layer is formed (rough screed based on mineral or polymer compositions). Next, a decorative design is applied / attached.

How a photo is pasted and transferred

The canvas is spread over the surface with your own hands. Mounting method - adhesive composition. In this case, it is necessary to control that air bubbles do not appear between the canvas and the base. Careful smoothing of the material will avoid such shortcomings. In the case when a 3D drawing is transferred with your own hands directly to the base, the production of the floor will include one more step - applying a primer on top of the picture after the acrylic paint has completely dried.

The nuances of the filling process

The volume of the image is given by a sufficient thickness of the transparent layer. polymer material. It is also necessary to apply a protective coating on top, which will ensure long-term operation of the floor without the risk of surface abrasion.

Filling with polymer composition

Material consumption depends on the layer thickness. For example, the production of a 3 mm coating requires material preparation at the rate of 4-4.5 kg/sq. m. You need to work as productively as possible, but at the same time with high quality, since the composition for laying finish coat grasps quickly.

Filling the protective layer

Coating thickness - 0.5 mm. The time of work with the finished mixture is no more than an hour (again, you should focus on a period of 40 minutes). For laying with your own hands, you need to prepare a spatula and a roller with a needle-like surface. A small amount of material is applied with a spatula and spread by means of a roller until the coating begins to slightly stick. The term of complete drying of the finishing layer is up to 7 days.

Pour the mixture onto the surface. The base is leveled by means of a rule and a spiked roller, the main purpose of which is to remove air bubbles from the thickness of the base.

Difficulties at different stages of work

The main enemies of a high-quality coating are unsuitable environmental conditions and an erroneous dosage of the mixture components. In the first case, the main role is played by humidity. With an increase in this indicator, bubbles appear on the surface of the floor.

You can check whether the working conditions are suitable using a piece of plastic film. It is straightened on the floor, gluing around the perimeter with adhesive tape. After waiting 3 days, you can remove this design.

If the color of the surface under the film changes and in case of condensation on its surface, do not start work until the air parameters are normalized.

Incorrect dosage of the components of the mixture will lead to a decrease in the quality of the floor. The production of a coating includes the step of determining sufficient thickness of the finish layer to provide the required level of surface reliability. The ratio of the number of components in this case may change.

The self-leveling 3D floor impresses with its beauty despite the high price. Covering can not only complement the design of the room, but eliminate the need to buy a carpet. Efficient, has a long service life.

Self-leveling 3D floors - what is it?

Bulk 3D floor is a seamless polymer coating. Exists several types of components of the mixture for self-leveling floor:

• polyurethane;
• Epoxy;
• methyl methacrylate;
• Cement-acrylic;
• Combined.

The beginning was laid by street artists who painted the walls of buildings, bus stops and roads with 3D drawings. The designers loved this idea. They moved it to the premises of offices and apartments. It was then that self-leveling 3D floors began to gain their popularity and numerous positive reviews on construction forums.

In addition to its impressive exterior design features, bulk 3D floor has an operational advantage:

• Long service life;
• Resistant to moisture and aggressive substances;
• Safe and environmentally friendly;
• Suitable for any premises;
• Easy care.

Choosing a photo drawing for a 3D floor

3D floors are expensive, you can’t change them all the time, this is a long-term type of finish. Therefore, the choice of drawing should be approached carefully. We give you two important tips:

1. When choosing a picture, you should not succumb to momentary moods. You should not choose "fashion images", because both fashion and your desire can quickly pass.
2. Choose neutral, nature is best: mountains, water, beach, sand, etc.

Rooms with 3D floors don't like too much decor. Therefore, all elements of the design and interior of the room must be carefully planned. They should be in harmony with the selected pattern.

Think over everything, down to the location of the furniture, so that it does not cover an important element of the picture.

Remember that the finish of a 3D drawing can be: smooth, rough, glossy or matte. A well-chosen pattern can visually enlarge the space of a small room.

Materials and tools

Necessary materials for 3D floors

Bulk polymer floors - the first thing you need. They are: epoxy, methyl methacrylate and polyurethane. Based on the parameters: convenience, durability and environmental friendliness for 3D floors, it is better to choose epoxy.

Whatever composition is chosen, 3D floor manufacturing technology will be as follows:

1. Base made of concrete. You can also use wood, if you are sure of its reliability.
2. The primer layer, which helps the polymer compositions better adhere to the base, is a waterproofing agent.
3. Base and seal coats to create a perfectly smooth surface and complete coverage of the base.
4. 3D drawing.
5. A transparent top coat that will cover the image.
6. Optional lacquer coating. It will protect against scuffs, damage, scratches.

Necessary tools for the job

1. Drill or mixer with a special nozzle. Be sure to have speed control, reverse, power from 800 watts. Nozzle mixer on a drill for hashing of two-composite structures.
2. Squeegee with adjustable gap size for uniform distribution and alignment of the mixture.
3. Needle roller.
4. Sentipon roller with a pile size of 1.2 - 1.5 cm and a soft brush for hard-to-reach places.
5. Spatulas.
6. Kraskostupy.
7. Container for mixing mixtures.
8. Vacuum cleaner for room preparation.
9. Rigid plastic brush.
10. Work clothes, protective equipment.
11. Film for protection of workplaces from pollution.

Do-it-yourself installation of a self-leveling floor with a 3D effect

Installation of a self-leveling 3D floor is simple. It is impossible to make mistakes in preparing the base for the drawing and in laying the materials.

Do-it-yourself self-leveling 3D floor installation steps - theses

1. Foundation preparation. Basically, a self-leveling floor is used, after it is completely dry, it is polished. But you can use as a base: concrete, wood and tiles. The main thing is that you need a perfectly flat surface for the image.
2. Filling with primer. It is also ideally aligned with the drawing.
3. Base coat. It must match the selected image.
4. Drawing drawing. The image is applied depending on the type of material used: banner fabric, vinyl film or satin backing by self-adhesive backing. If the drawing consists of several fragments, then they must be carefully joined. In addition, the artist can simply draw on the prepared surface.
5. Filling the finishing layer, mainly epoxy resin, 1.5 - 5 mm thick.
6. Final sanding, if necessary opening with varnish.

Substrate preparation for 3D flooring

Since each self-leveling floor system has its own characteristics, our version will be considered on the domestic TeoChem Elakor-ED system. It is not only not inferior in quality to foreign analogues, but also surpasses them in price.

The concrete base must be perfect, its differences should not exceed 1 mm per 1 m. Polymer compounds have the property of self-levelling, but they are too expensive. Cheaper to use concrete screed.

Requirements for a concrete base:

• Brand of cement from M200;
• The concrete base must gain strength;
• Complete drying of the floor. You can cover tightly a small area with a film and check in a day, if droplets of water or perspiration appear, you can’t work.

Working conditions:

• Floor temperature from 5 to 25 degrees;
• The difference in air temperature at a height of up to 50 cm and the base itself is not more than 4 degrees;
• Humidity of the room is not higher than 80%;
• The temperature of the components is 15 - 20 degrees;
• Fresh air should constantly flow into the room, there should be no drafts.

Thoroughly clean the floor with a powerful vacuum cleaner from dirt and dust. Remove loose concrete. Remove all existing stains of paint, mastics, etc. Fill gaps and cracks. Clean up again.

Foundation priming

In the course of further work, you will have to work with resins that, when mixed, should not fall on the floor. To do this, you need to take the workspace outside the workroom.

All resins have work time limits, read the instructions for the compositions. Therefore, it is better if an individual person kneads them as needed.

The time for which it is necessary to carry out the priming of the floor after cleaning is 2 hours. The primer is two-component, A and B. It is mixed in the ratio of 2 A: 1 B. The mixing speed is 500 rpm. Rotation methods must be alternated.

After kneading the mixture, it needs about 3 minutes for the air to escape. After pouring it on the floor, you need to pay attention to hard-to-reach places. It takes a day for it to dry completely. If everything is done correctly, a surface with a glossy sheen will appear.

If repair is required after this, dilute the epoxy putty in a ratio of 5 to 1, mix until smooth. Without turning off the mixer, add portionwise quartz sand. Fill in the required areas. We wait a day for complete drying. Small flaws can be removed with sandpaper.

After that, we pass the second layer of primer, this is done in the same way as with the first. Just add quartz sand. The result is a rough smooth surface.

The base layer is needed to completely cover the base and create a perfectly flat hard surface for 3D floors. In some brands, before this, it is required to lay fiberglass.

Before pouring the base layer of the 3D floor, dilute the epoxy mixture again. Fill with a thin layer, avoid the formation of puddles. After 15 - 20 minutes, cover with quartz squeak, 1.5 - 2 kg per 1 sq. m. Distribute it evenly over the surface. Remains of unabsorbed squeak are removed with a stiff brush.

We breed the bulk composition for the base layer of the 3D floor according to the technology:

• 3 - 5 minutes, knead component A by direct and reverse rotation of the mixer;
• Without stopping the mixer, slowly add the hardener;
• Thoroughly mixed, especially in hard-to-reach places containers;
• Leave for a couple of minutes to exit the air mixture. Do not keep the finished mixture in the bucket for more than 10 minutes.

To move freely on the flooded floor, you need to wear paint shoes. You need to raise your leg straight up, without shuffling movements. This will allow the holes to close quickly.

We pour the finished self-leveling floor, evenly distribute it with a spatula creating the required thickness. Pay attention to hard-to-reach areas, junctions of the floor with the wall.

After 10 - 15 minutes, we pass with a needle roller. It allows for the final alignment of the mixture and releases residual air.

The applied base layer of the 3D floor is left for a day. Dust or construction debris should not get on it, there should be no drafts.

Laying 3D drawing on the floor

Laying a 3D drawing is a difficult and important stage. Use clean shoes with shoe covers, they will save you from unnecessary marks from the soles.

When laying the picture, you need to remove all the air from under it. Be extremely careful, the film can be with a self-adhesive base. It is impossible to prevent the appearance of wrinkles, especially sticking. It could ruin her completely.

If the drawing includes more than one fragment, then it is necessary to join so that the junction line is not visible.

If the film is without an adhesive base, then a small amount of epoxy finish mixture can be used as glue. It is also used when gluing decor: shells, leaves, etc.

A 3D drawing can be applied by an artist using acrylic paints. After that, he needs to dry completely.

Since paint shoes must be used to fill the finish coat, the pattern must be protected with a 1-ton coat of clear epoxy primer.

Filling the finishing layer of 3D floors

The finishing layer not only seals the 3D floor pattern, but also serves as a lens. It enhances the 3D effect. After application, it must be protected from dust and water. Even a drop of sweat can cause local clouding, which will be clearly visible.

The final layer of the 3D floor is poured according to the technology:

• We dilute the transparent mixture "Elakor-ED" in the ratio 2:1.
• We distribute the composition over the surface, for this it is better to use a squeegee with an exposed gap.
• The self-levelling properties of the mixture begin to work at a flow rate of at least 1 kg per 1 sq. m., and at a room temperature of 5 degrees - 1.8 kg. Therefore, you need to save in moderation.
• After 15 - 20 minutes we pass with a needle roller.
• Initial drying occurs within a day. In soft shoes, you can move only after 4 - 5 days. And for full operation, the 3D floor will be ready only in a week.

• Lacquer "Elakor-PU Lux" is used. It is mixed in a ratio of 2:1 at a mixer speed of 1000 for 1 - 2 minutes. Let it sit for a few minutes to let the air out. Remember that you can not keep it in a bucket for more than 10 minutes.
• Polyurethane has a strong smelly smell, so take care of protective equipment and fresh air. There should be no drafts.
• To apply varnish, we use a velor roller with a pile length of 4 - 5 mm.
• The varnish is applied in two layers. The break between them should be at least 8 - 12 hours and not exceed 24 hours.

The complete readiness of the floor after applying the varnish comes in a week, but after 3-4 days it is already possible to move on it in light shoes. From here you can make an export that it will take at least 2 weeks to create a 3D floor with your own hands. The work is very difficult and responsible.

Floor care

There are no rules for caring for 3D floors. For this, the usual recommendations are suitable:

• Manual or mechanized cleaning;
• The number of cleanings is not limited, clean as it gets dirty;
• Various cleaning agents can be used;
• To make 3D floors last longer, apply a polish or mastic a couple of times a year.

Video on installation of 3D floors

Every time thinking about holding repair work to update the interiors of our apartments, we involuntarily begin to imagine what the new ceiling and floor will be made of. Therefore, today our topic is aimed at studying a completely new technology for making floors.

Not so long ago, ordinary residents of high-rise buildings, it became known that in ordinary apartments you can also create beautiful pictures under your feet, using self-leveling floors in 3D. Self-leveling floors are considered to be a fairly durable and load-resistant synthetic coating, which is currently being actively introduced for the design of retail premises, exhibition halls, public centers, swimming pools and others.

However, the technology of creating 3D floors is gradually moving into our apartments, and many companies specializing in construction and repair have begun to provide such services. Filling floors using the 3D effect in some rooms, slowly but surely began to replace the use of laminated flooring, as well as ceramic tiles, and has become one of the most promising areas in this area. Although the price for these types of work still bites, but over time it will come down to more acceptable values, and will find its customer in the market.

Beautiful, voluminous, reliable - 3D floors

Self-leveling 3D floors perfectly tolerate loads, that is, you can not only walk on them, but even ride a bicycle. This floor is not afraid of damp environments or spilled water, which often becomes another reason to choose this type of floor for damp areas such as a bathroom or kitchen.

Of course, you can get by with the cheapest option by choosing a plain floor without any patterns, but the soul wants a more sophisticated design option, so there is the possibility of creating full-fledged paintings with a 3D effect, which can rightfully be considered a whole art object.

Want to sea ​​wave or a waterfall under your feet, - please, if you want frolicking dolphins, - for God's sake, but if you want a sandy beach of Egypt with marine life, - there is nothing easier ... Self-leveling floors are not only multifunctional and reliable, they can also be a whole work of art with textures and paints applied on them, which allow to realize any fantasies of the customer.

That is why this technology quickly began to be mastered and applied by well-known interior designers. With the help of such floors, you can easily visually enlarge the space of the room, emphasize the depth of the floor, change the atmosphere of different zones or separate one zone from another without using additional materials. The multi-layered structure of a 3D floor is able to turn into almost any material known in decoration, for example, decorative rock, expensive wood, old paving stones or expensive pebbles from the seashore.

How is the installation of a self-leveling floor

As a rule bulk floors are mounted on the well prepared basis. First, an image that was determined by the customer, a picture, photograph, company logo, or an image of mammals, any fantasy is applied to a smooth surface, after which it is covered with a layer of a special transparent polymer.

The polymer coating, in turn, consists of a thickener and a hardener. After some time, when the floor reaches a certain hardness, a layer of protective varnish is applied to its finish surface.

In addition to the image used on the floor to give an even stronger 3D effect, any decorative elements can be added inside the polymer coating: shells, balls imitating pearls, pebbles, sand, and so on ...

Advantages of self-leveling floors:

• durability of use;
• high strength and wear resistance;
• do not harm human health;
• simple installation that does not require much time;
• the opportunity to realize fantasies in the interior.

But despite all the advantages of the new 3D floors, they, like any other material in the world, have some drawbacks. One of which today is the rather high price of their installation. Another disadvantage is the difficulty of removing such a floor and replacing it with another coating, however, this problem can be solved by laying the laminate directly on top of the self-leveling floor.

The technology of manufacturing self-leveling floors with the 3D effect, which has become widespread in industrial and civil construction, has made it possible to significantly expand the possibilities for implementing the most daring design ideas. About how 3D floors are made, and why manufacturing technology requires strict adherence to all operations without exception, will be discussed in this material.

The process of manufacturing floors with three-dimensional images includes three main stages, which, in turn, are divided into several intermediate operations:

• Foundation preparation, which begins with the pouring of the concrete screed and continues with drying, priming and final leveling of the surface;
• Application of the actual decorative coating, when various primers, glazing paints and three-dimensional drawings are used on a self-adhesive basis or applied with a special glue;
• Applying a final protective layer which allows to obtain not only a wear-resistant coating, but also visually increase the depth of the applied image.

Self-leveling floor technology

Routing on 3D floors indicates exactly which components are used in the performance of a particular technological operation. It details the drying and polymerization time, the time for applying the compositions and the sequence of work. Most often, polyurethane or epoxy-based materials are used for the manufacture of self-leveling floors with a three-dimensional pattern.

Tip: For a durable, wear-resistant finish, it is highly recommended to use 3D floor materials from a single manufacturer that are technically and chemically balanced and provide a complete system that delivers the best quality finished floor.

Foundation preparation

Bulk polymer floors are arranged on durable concrete the base, which should not have visible and hidden damage, interspersed with separating materials and traces of any contamination, therefore, before making 3d floors, a number of preparatory operations must be carried out:

• Checking the concrete base for damage, which is carried out by visual inspection, tapping the floor surface or using special radio frequency or ultrasonic meters. Modern appliances with sufficient accuracy determine the presence of cracks or voids even in a fairly thick layer of concrete;
• Repair of a concrete base with special repair mixtures. In case of significant damage or impossibility of repair, it is necessary to re-make the concrete screed. To ensure maximum floor strength with a small coating thickness, the old base must be destroyed to the state of crushed stone of the middle fraction and then poured a new coating. If the layer thickness does not exceed 40 mm, a special reinforcing mesh is used when installing the screed;
• After repair, the screed must be dried until moisture is completely removed, and the new base must be kept for 28 days with periodic moistening to gain the necessary strength;
• The base intended for drawing 3D images must be absolutely even, without sinks, subsidence and other possible defects. For final leveling, it is best to apply thin-layer self-levelling floors based on cementitious binders, which are applied to a pre-primed screed.

Video showing surface preparation before pouring

drawing

High-quality drawing on the prepared floor surface provides about half the success in the manufacture of three-dimensional floors. The slightest fold or air bubble instantly distorts the picture and destroys the volume of the image. Therefore, before making 3D floors, one should not neglect some additional operations:

• Cleaning, if necessary, washing the floor with special detergents using industrial vacuum cleaner. Not the slightest grain of debris and not the slightest speck of dirt should remain on the entire surface of the floor;
• Drying the base and applying a special primer that increases adhesion;
• Drawing a picture on a self-adhesive vinyl base or made on special paper and glued to the base with a special glue;
• The final operation after drawing is to control the surface moisture before applying the protective layer. This operation must be approached very carefully. Concrete bases must have a moisture content of no more than 6% to prevent the polymer from peeling off the base.

The video shows the drawing process

Application of a transparent layer of polymer and protective varnish

Protective coatings in the manufacture of floors with three-dimensional images can be based on epoxy or based on polyurethane composites. Moreover, it can be either one or two-component compositions. There are some differences in how 3d self-leveling floors are made on an epoxy or polyurethane basis, but, in general, the technological operations are similar:

• When using any mixture, follow the manufacturer's instructions exactly. When pouring, special attention should be paid to the “survivability” time of the composition, during which it retains the ability to spread;
• When pouring, it is required to prepare the next portions of the composition in a timely manner in order to avoid the appearance of coating heterogeneity and visible steps between the flooded areas of the floor;
• The leveling of the poured mixture is carried out with a special squeegee with an adjustable coating thickness and a needle roller, which serves to improve the spreadability and accelerate the removal of air trapped in the polymer layer;
• To create a shock-resistant wear-resistant coating, depending on the selected polymer, an additional layer of protective varnish can be applied to the floor surface, further increasing the “depth” of the image.

Having completed all the technological operations, it is necessary to withstand the coating for 3-4 days for the final polymerization, after which the floors are ready for use.

You got a rough idea of ​​how 3d self-leveling floors are made. For all the seeming simplicity, the pouring of polymer floors is a rather complicated event that requires well-coordinated actions of the construction team, and precisely adjusted in time. Even after watching a video on how to make 3D floors, you should not take on their device alone, especially with large areas. The slightest inaccuracy can spoil the results of the work done, and it is very difficult to dismantle polymer floors due to their high strength.

The floor is an integral element of any room, which, apart from specifications has aesthetic value. New flooring technologies include a host of new materials and laying techniques. Modern flooring has changed significantly, acquired the new kind and a new level of quality. Ceramic tiles added porcelain stoneware, engineered parquet and laminate, heat-resistant linoleum appeared, but these materials have already become common for the consumer and are not surprising.

A number of technical and sanitary requirements are imposed on new floor coverings:

• wear resistance and durability;
• resistance to temperature difference;
• moisture resistance;
• ease of installation;
• environmental friendliness;
• high aesthetic values.

New technologies in laying the floor can be divided into sectional and self-leveling.

New sectional floors

Sectional floor materials are square or rectangular panels with grooves on the ends (locks) for interconnection. Materials may emit natural wood, stone or differ creative design. Such materials include wooden and engineered parquet, laminate, etc. Recently, new material, the scope of which goes beyond internal device floors.

Wood-polymer composite (WPC)

The floor material is made from wood flour based on a binder polymer - polypropylene. The format of the floor sections is usually in the form of panels or boards. I call the last terrace board. The material is particularly moisture resistant and respectable appearance. Due to which it gained wide popularity. It is especially convenient to use it in extreme conditions, that is, where a natural board will not last long: in a country summer house, in the gazebo, on the terrace, around the pool.

Rectangular panels are more often used in modular structures - block containers, wagon-houses, play and utility blocks. The material itself is universal. Wall and roof panels are also made from it.

Wood-cement boards (ICP)

As a rule, these panels are used for the construction of a rough foundation in the construction of a private house. These are completely new technologies in flooring, which allow significant savings. Cerebral palsy is an excellent alternative to a board that fits directly on the logs. On top of the plates, you can lay any front cover. Wood-cement boards are made from carpentry waste (as aggregate) and cement (as binder). The composition also includes lime, which serves as an antiseptic and makes the material durable.

By definition, this is nothing new, since the filling method of the device is a simple pouring of the screed. Cement floors are used in public and industrial buildings, and in residential areas they are used as a screed.

Not so long ago, a self-leveling screed was used to achieve perfect horizontality, but the use of polymerizing resins for pouring floors has become an innovation.

Imagine the floor with a three-dimensional image. The installation method of such a floor consists in pouring a rough primed base epoxy resin. To get a spatial pattern, the fill is done in layers with separate images on each layer. Often decorative elements are poured into the resin layer - shells, sea stones or just shiny chips. The final layer is made with a transparent wear-resistant varnish.

The advantage of a 3D floor lies in its exclusivity, because each image is original in its own way. In addition, the polymer used has excellent thermal insulation and shockproof qualities. Its durability is practically unlimited and the floor will last no less than the sand-cement base itself. The only drawback is the impossibility of dismantling it due to its colossal strength, so if the drawing is tired, then a new one will have to be poured in the old way.

Self-leveling 3D floors are not cheap, so they have not become widespread.

Floors of the future - fiction or reality?

For its 100th anniversary, one of the most advanced flooring manufacturers, Uzin Utz AG, has announced a competition called "Floors of the Future", in which the best engineers and designers from all over the world took part. Among the presented projects, some simply amazed the imagination with their boundless imagination and technical capabilities.

At first glance, there is nothing special, just a dark glossy surface, but as soon as you step on it naked, the pictures begin to come to life at the point of contact. The entire surface in this case is a giant touchscreen, protected by a strong transparent material, and the flooring as a whole is like a large tablet computer.

The idea is certainly interesting, but today it is unpromising because of the colossal cost.

Cable-stayed floor

The technology consists in special fasteners without the use of glue or any binders. The advantages are speed and ease of installation, the ability to move to a new location, and, most importantly, the coating has a sound-absorbing effect.

Stretch floors were first presented in 2012 and marked as the most promising project. The only downside was the cost. But today, thanks to subsequent improvements, the technology began to be realized and gain popularity.

Electromagnetic floors

This type of foundation is designed for industrial facilities and can be used in connection with the need to move heavy objects. The floor creates a magnetic cushion, so you can move objects without touching the floor. ABOUT practical application electromagnetic floors are not yet known, but in the future this method may become part of many technological processes.

dynamically active floors

The essence of the idea is the possibility of changing the texture of its surface. Depending on the program, it will be possible to choose not only static forms - pebbles, wood, but also, for example, grass. It is possible that the project will be of interest to the entertainment and gaming industry, but such coatings will not be expected in an apartment in the near future.

It should be noted that 3D floors were also presented at the "Floors of the Future" competition as a project, but today they are already a reality.

In addition to the flooring itself, the modern building industry offers a wealth of insulation materials, design innovations, economical and effective systems floor heating. Regardless of the type of premises and its purpose, you can always find optimal solution and arrange your home for every taste.