Tuberose flower growing at home. Growing tuberose in open ground: features of planting and care. Botanical characteristics. Tuberose

Tuberose, polyantes (lat. Polianthes tuberosa) are the names of the same plant, which, along with dracaena, aloe, hosta and lily of the valley, belongs to the Asparagus family (lat. Asparagaceae) and the Agave subfamily (lat. Agavoideae). The nodule type of the root system (in Latin tuber - root) and appearance (from the Latin polianthes - multicolor) determined the name of the plant.

Mexico is recognized as the birthplace of tuberose. The Aztecs used the flower in rituals and hair decoration. In countries Central America tuberose grows in wildlife, and after the discovery of America, it was transported to Asia, Europe and Africa. The plant has successfully taken root in the tropical and equatorial climate zone, and today it is successfully cultivated in China, Korea, India, and Morocco. Upon arrival in Hawaii, you will be sure to wear a wreath of flowers around your neck, among which polyanthes will be the most fragrant. In Europe, tuberose is grown exclusively in greenhouses, because it is demanding on temperature and humidity.

Depending on the species, the plant reaches 100 cm in height together with the inflorescence produced on the stem. At the base, tuberose is covered with elongated leaves, the length of which is 30-45 cm. It blooms according to the same principle as other agaves - hosta, antericum. Polyanthes produces an upward-growing stem, which is covered at the top with spike-shaped inflorescences of flowers 5-6 cm long and 3-5 cm in diameter, as if fashioned from white wax. One spikelet can have up to 30 flowers, which, when flowering, form a box with seeds.

The uniqueness of tuberose is that, when blooming, the inflorescence retains its original appearance for three weeks, exuding a unique, indescribable aroma. It has long been recognized in the world of perfumery as an aphrodisiac, and is used in the manufacture of perfumed or toilet water (Michael by Michael Kors, Narcotic Venus by Nasomatto, Tubereuse Criminelle by Serge Lutens), aromatic oil, extracts for the chemical industry. The wonderful aroma of tuberose is also said by its popular names - “Queen of Aromas”, “Queen of Odors”.

Types of tuberose suitable for home cultivation

There are 13 types of tuberose, but only two types are grown at home: broad-leaved polyanthes (P. platyphillus Traub et Moldenke) and tuberous polyanthes (P. tuberosa L.).

Broad-leaved polyanthes is a wild plant. Propagated by small bulbs with a diameter of 2-3 cm. After the plant has taken root, it produces a stem up to 100 cm long in April-May, at the top of which single flowers 4-5 cm in diameter are formed.

Tuberous polyantes is a botanical species. The bulbs are large, of which cereal-like leaves up to 45 cm long sprout. The stem with a peduncle reaches 100 cm along with the peduncle (terry varieties are much lower, do not grow to 50 cm). The flowers do not grow singly, but in pairs, gathering in the form of a spikelet. Cultivated tuberose blooms in August-September and blooms for a whole month. The aroma is much stronger and richer than that of the broad-leaved polyanthes.

The most common varieties are:

Polianthes tuberosa 'The Pearl'(English "pearl"). This is an ornamental variety, characterized by large double flowers that form an ear. The plant is low, does not happen above 65 cm along with the peduncle. Used for cultivation in room conditions.
Polianthes tuberosa "Sensation"(eng. "Sensation"). The variety stands out with bright pink-lilac flowers.

Variety "Pearl" and "Sensation"

Polianthes tuberosa 'Yellow Baby'(eng. "Yellow chrysalis"). Flowers are pastel yellow.
Polianthes tuberosa 'Pink Sapphire'(eng. "Pink sapphire"). Spectacular variety with large terry flowers of a lilac hue.

Variety "Yellow chrysalis" and "Pink sapphire"

Polianthes tuberosa 'Shringar'(Hindi "decoration"). An industrial variety characterized by pinkish flowers exuding a powerful dizzying aroma. It does not adapt well to home conditions, it is grown for the needs of perfumery in China and India on plantations.

Picking tuberose flowers

tuberose care at home

Now tuberose is undeservedly forgotten - the most beautiful and fragrant flower can be seen only in greenhouses and in the apartments of the most enthusiastic flower growers. And back in the 19th century, tuberose adorned many noble houses, bouquets were made from it, flowers were dried for herbariums, and even poets dedicated their poems to the queen of smells.

Time has passed, other house plants have appeared, not so refined, but at the same time well adapted for indoors. And tuberose has become. Is it really that hard to grow tuberose at home? Certainly yes. The hot and humid climate of the tropics is difficult to recreate in an apartment. But still, knowing some secrets, it is quite possible. So, let's listen to the advice of an expert ...

Temperature and lighting

Tuberose grows naturally in the countries of Central America, where the air temperature during the year rarely drops below +20 0 C. The plant dies when the thermometer readings drop to +15 0 C. Growing polyantes in a pot at home, you need to remember that that the beginning of the growing season should coincide with stable heat in the room.

The plant is also demanding on lighting, as well as on heat. If you live on a ground floor that is darkened by other houses, or in an apartment whose windows face the north side, refuse to grow tuberose. If in the summer the sun mercilessly burns out all living things, cover the glass from the side of the flower with ordinary white paper to get partial shade. In the case when there is no escape from the sun's rays, increase the watering of the plant and make sure that the soil does not dry out.

Watering and humidity

Watering with moderate solar activity is done every other day. Use soft settled water. If possible, water the plant with bottled non-carbonated water. For a pot with a diameter of 17 cm, half a liter of water heated in the sun is used. If tuberose grows on the south side, and there is too much sun, irrigate a glass of water daily. After the liquid has collected in the pan, drain it. Stagnation of water at the bottom will adversely affect the condition of the bulbs.

Dry air is unbearable for the plant. Keep a spray bottle of water near the flower pot and spray it several times a day. Maintain air humidity not lower than 50% and not higher than 80%. On particularly hot days, spray the foliage if the flower is in diffused light. Direct Sun rays can cause leaf burns if there are droplets of water on it.

pruning

With the help of pruning, tuberose can be sent to forced rest. This manipulation is carried out in two cases:

In autumn, after the end of the flowering period, the leaves droop and turn yellow. In order for the nutrients to go not into the greens, but into the rhizome, the ground shoots are completely cut off, and watering of the plant is also stopped at the same time.
In case of improper care of tuberose (overfeeding with nitrogen fertilizers, excessive soil moisture), it is pulled up, and the peduncle can weaken and destroy it. In this case, the leaves are cut off, feeding and watering ends, and the bulb is sent to a forced rest in a cool place (for example, a basement).

When the stem with flowers is released, the leaves may droop. Trim injured and dead foliage to maintain tuberose aesthetics.

Soil and top dressing

The soil for growing tuberose should be fertile and light. You can make your own ground cocktail.

1 option. Based on orchid substrate. We use a pot of 17 cm diameter.

at the bottom of the pot, put a drainage mixture of equal proportions of fine expanded clay, sand and dry chicken manure. The layer will take ¼ of the volume;
mix equal parts orchid substrate, sphagnum moss and sand. The layer will take another ½ of the volume of the pot;
pour a thin layer of charcoal on which the bulbs are laid out;
on top, pour a layer of 2-3 cm based on an orchid mixture;
after the appearance of sprouts, the soil must be covered with expanded clay or sphagnum so that moisture in the sun does not quickly evaporate;

Option 2. Based on universal primer.

pour boiling water over sawdust;
let them dry completely;
dissolve the universal fertilizer "Nitrofoska" (2 grams per 1 liter);
mix the sawdust with the solution and put them in a pot;
corms are laid out in them;
put mulch on top;

Tuberose responds well to top dressing, which should be applied 3-4 times per season. In addition to the usual liquid fertilizers for indoor plants, you can use a solution of bird droppings (1 g per 2 liters of water) or mullein (1 g per liter of water). Do not get carried away with nitrogen fertilizers, otherwise the plant will stretch and weaken. It is enough to insert a fertilizer stick to provide the necessary trace elements.

Transplant and reproduction

Tuberose blooms at a temperature of +15 0 C, but she does not like transplants and division to such an extent that she can die even if all the rules are followed.

There is a myth that a polyanthes tuber gives a peduncle only once in a lifetime. Yes and no. This flower belongs to the Amaryllis family, because the bulb throws out an arrow with a peduncle, as do daffodils, snowdrops, amaryllis. But, unlike them, the tuberose bulb dies off after flowering, dries up and, of course, can no longer give arrows. However, during the dormant period, many young bulbs appear in place of the mother bulb, which gain strength in a year, and after 8-9 months they themselves will release an arrow with flowers.

Tuberose is very sensitive to transplantation and division. If you make a manipulation even at the very beginning of the growing season (the first signs of life), the plant may not survive this, it will dry out or rot right in the ground. Therefore, the division is made in early April, provided that the tuberose has not been transplanted during the year. If tuberose has given the first signs and started the vegetation process (green sprouts have appeared), division is no longer possible. Wait for the polyanthes to release leaves, peduncle and bloom.

Around September-October, the rest period begins. To prepare tuberose, cut off all ground vegetation and stop watering until March-April of the following year. Before the first spring watering, remove the tubers from the ground and separate the children. The plant tolerates the spring division painlessly. Hold the nodules in a potassium permanganate solution for several hours to disinfect wounds.

[!] An arrow with a peduncle gives a bulb larger than 2 cm in diameter. Small "kids" still need to be grown for 1-2 seasons and not wait for flowering.

Diseases, pests and growing problems

Tuberose is susceptible to the same diseases as others houseplants. Excess nitrogen fertilizer leads to the appearance of mites and slugs. As preventive measures, regular loosening, sprinkling the surface with wood ash is used.

With spider mites that appear on plants due to an excess of sunlight and lack of moisture, they fight with the help of Kleshchevit, Actellik, Fitoverma. Signal for insect control dark spots on the leaves. Yellowed tips and twisted foliage indicate an infection of the bulb. If tuberose is planted in dense soil, the rhizome will be susceptible to fusarium, a fungus that causes rot. The only method of struggle is to dig up the plant, treat it with a solution of potassium permanganate or "foundazol" and dry it at high temperature.

For preventive purposes, several Trichodermina peas are added to the soil before planting. The drug will prevent damage to the bulb by fungal pests and speed up the rooting process.

Personal experience of growing tuberose

As mentioned above, tuberose is very capricious and whimsical in cultivation. I also tried to grow a fragrant beauty at home, but, unfortunately, failed. Describing my story.

April, the lead haze in the sky, which had hung since October, dissipated. The snow melted, the street smelled of spring, the window sills were filled with boxes of seedlings of tomatoes and peppers. It's time to start growing tuberose, I decided. I prepared a beautiful pot, poured fine expanded clay on the bottom, warmed the earthen substrate to room temperature. I took out a bulb of polyantes from the refrigerator, bought a month ago in a well-known and respectable online store. I planted the rhizome according to all the rules, watered it and put it on the windowsill. A week later, tender light green sprouts hatched. And suddenly, the unexpected happened. Who knew that at the end of April, when the heating was already turned off, frosts would suddenly strike. Moreover, heating was resumed throughout the city, and it was announced on television that agriculture huge damage has been done.

Despite the fact that the windows in my apartment are plastic, they still somehow let cold air through. If I could wrap myself in a sweater or a blanket, then it was impossible to do this with a flower. The bottle of water for watering the flowers was as cold as if it had been put in the refrigerator for an hour. It was +18 0 C in the apartment, and this was during the day, and what the poor exotic tuberose had to endure, especially at night, is hard to imagine.

The frosts lasted about five days, after which a real violent spring came with warmth, sun and swelling buds. But tuberose could not live up to this. The sprouts softened, I realized that something had happened. I stopped watering, put it in a sunny place. But resuscitation was useless. I took out the bulb, it was half decomposed, while the soil was not too wet. I think the delicate tuberose bulb could not withstand such a sharp drop in temperature.

What can be the conclusion? Wait, don't rush. Plant bulbs only when no frost will be terrible. Even indoors, because the windows freeze, and the cold from them is reflected on the plants. Let the polyantes be planted in early May. Yes, it will bloom later, but nothing threatens it. On a warm windowsill, with abundant feeding, tuberose will grow faster, and the peduncle will give earlier.

Conclusion: to grow tuberose on your windowsill, you need to follow the commandments:

Watch the temperature, it should not fall below 20 0 C.
Choose loose soil, or make the mixture yourself.
Do not keep the flower pot in the sun, create diffused light.
Do not overwater the soil and do not take long breaks between waterings.
Tie the stem with the peduncle so that it does not break under the weight of the flowers.
Feed several times per season.
After flowering stops, stop watering and send the plant to rest in a cool place until spring.
Remember to separate the mother plant from the children.
Let the baby bulbs strengthen and reach a diameter of 2-3 cm, only then they will give an arrow with flowers.

Both in the world of people and in the world of plants, all beauties are very capricious. But their beauty is worth taking care of them with care. Give tuberose a little time and the result will not keep you waiting: your house will be decorated with wonderful flowers, and the magical aroma will enchant and bewitch.

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Tuberose or polyanthes (lat. Polianthes) is a genus of perennial flowering corms herbaceous plants subfamilies Agave (lat. Agavoideae) of the Asparagus family (lat. Asparagaceae). Mexico is considered the homeland.

Description

The root system is represented by a corm with a membranous coating and a diameter of 2-7 cm. Powerful cord-like roots are formed on the bottom, reaching 30 cm. Leaves of parallel venation, linear, elongated, about 40 cm, are located at the base of the stem. The leafy stem ends with a spike-shaped inflorescence, the height reaches 1 m.

Tuberose

The inflorescence consists of 15-30 flowers 3-5 cm in diameter. The buds are pink, the blooming flowers are white, funnel-shaped, waxy, with dense petals and a legendary aroma. In culture since the 16th century, as a result of long-term selection, terry forms, pink, yellow, purple or lilac, have been bred. The fruit is a capsule, the seeds are flat.

Under natural conditions, flowering lasts from July to October. In culture, each flower does not fade for 4-5 days, and the inflorescence as a whole lasts about 3 weeks. Each corm blooms only once in a lifetime, in the following seasons it can be used to propagate tuberose.

Species promising for floriculture

The genus includes 13 species. Worthy of attention:

Poliantes latifolia(P. platyphillus) has broadly linear, shiny, light green basal leaves. Bulbs 5 cm long and 3 cm across. Flowers solitary with a diameter of 4 cm, drooping with a barely perceptible fragrance. Flowering spring (April-May), lasts about a month.

Industrial plantation of polyanthes

Polyanthes tuberous(P. tuberosa) 0.8-1 m high. Basal leaves reach a length of up to 50 cm, located on a stem up to 6 cm. Flowers 5-6 cm in diameter, tubular. Their number in a spike-shaped loose inflorescence is from 10 to 30, depending on the strength of the root system and agricultural technology. The original view with white flowers, but it is based on varieties that have pink, salmon, purple color and terry shape. The corm is membranous, gives a large number of children. The scent is very strong and can change depending on the time of day. Used in perfumery.

Variety "The Pearl" is terry, very fragrant, leaf plate up to 30 cm. Perennial height 45-65 cm. Flowers, opening, become like white stars, up to 5 cm in diameter. In our climate it is often used for planting in pots.
Variety "Pearl" semi-double, with an amazing aroma. The leaves are long, bright green, slightly blue. The landing site is chosen well-lit and drained, light partial shade is possible. The height of this varietal form is 0.6-0.9 m, the flowers are white waxy. Blooms in late summer, early autumn.
Variety "Shringar" is used for industrial floriculture, pinkish tint.

Photogallery of species

Cultivation and care

In our country, it is widely cultivated in the Crimea, on the Black Sea coast. Krasnodar Territory. IN middle lane successful breeding of polyanthes in open field not an easy task, but doable. If in the south corms can simply be planted in a permanent place, then in colder conditions they are first germinated. To do this, they are placed in wet moss or peat, and kept warm and dark until sprouts appear. First, the corms are placed in pots with a light nutrient substrate, and only in May, when the threat of frost has completely passed, are they transplanted into the soil. It is desirable to plant on a sand cushion, to avoid stagnant water and improve drainage.

No less popular is the cultivation of this southern beauty using gladiolus technology. Before frost, the underground parts are dug out, washed, and disinfected if necessary. Dry and store at a temperature of 10-15 ° C, sprinkled with sawdust or sand. The leaves are removed after their complete drying. You can store healthy rhubarb with children with a clod of earth.

Sprouted tuberose corms with unseparated babies

Good results in temperate latitudes are obtained by growing tuberose in a container way. Tuberose is planted in a container in February. Sprouts appear only after a month. When they grow up, the container is placed in the light, regularly watered. As soon as the air temperature becomes high enough, the container with the grown perennial is taken out into the street, first placed in a shady place, and only after 2 weeks is exposed to direct sunlight. Feed several times during the season. Flowering occurs at the end of summer. In autumn, before frost, the container is brought into storage (dry cellar or barn). The leaf mass is not cut, it dries slowly, giving nutrients to the root system. This method is also suitable for growing at home.

container growing polyanthes

Polyantes successfully develops in open sunny areas with fertile and not too light soil, good drainage is required. There are no special requirements for the composition of the soil. The bulbs are not deepened, their tops can not be covered.

Watering is better warm water. Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers is recommended, but they must be balanced, an excess of nitrogen provokes stretching and lodging. The addition of organics also gives good results. Vegetation is slow, from the appearance of sprouts to flowering takes 3-6 months. When buying planting material, choose corms more than 2 cm in diameter (smaller ones will not bloom in the current season), cone-shaped, the base should be convex.

Poliantes at the beginning of the growing season

Tuberose is not able to winter in our climate in the open field. Already at a temperature of -2 ° C it can freeze. The whole perennial or its underground parts must be stored indoors until the next season. Growing in a pot culture or for distillation is common. So you can achieve flowering at any time of the year. For forced immersion during the dormant period, the leaf mass is cut off and watering is stopped. Then dug up and stored.

Exquisite tuberose bridal bouquet

reproduction

The corm forms many children per season (up to 20 pcs.), Their size depends on nutrition and other conditions. In the middle of summer, young plants can be separated from mother plants. Of these, by the end of the season, they receive a full-fledged planting material that can bloom next year. But it happens that flowering occurs only in the 2-3rd year. This is not necessary, the children can be removed after digging.

Children do not separate from dug corms prepared for storage. There is a danger of them drying up. This is done only in the spring before planting, and then only when necessary. Some flower growers advise not to disturb the natural harmony by planting a nest of bulbs, as is, entirely. This is not true, because each baby does not even bloom, forms its own children. As a result, corms do not have enough space and nutrition, they grow poorly.

Growing tuberose from seeds is possible only in specially created conditions, in regions with a warm mild climate.

Tuberose corm with babies

Diseases and pests

Tuberose is not susceptible to diseases in the open field. Essential oils, exuded by the plant, repel many pests. But sometimes it suffers from spider mites and aphids. Control measures are standard, spraying with insecticides helps well. With a large distribution of bears throughout the entire area as a whole, they also damage polyantes.

cut polyanthes

Use in landscape design

Once upon a time, tuberose was incredibly popular, they sang about it and composed poems about it. Then for quite a long time she was forgotten. However, now the well-deserved success is returning, these beautiful flowering plants in retro style returned to garden fashion. Of course, this delicate culture is most popular in the southern regions. But it is so attractive that it will become the highlight of any flower garden.

tuberose outdoors

good neighbor for polyantes, gladiolus is considered. They are similar in cultivation technology and harmonize perfectly. When the gladioli have already faded, tuberose buds bloom. Thus, an area is formed continuous flowering. Exceptionally spectacular in flower beds, look great in plantings with dense curtains. They are used in discounts, in front of them it is worth planting undersized flowering or decorative leafy plants. Designers like to place containers with tuberoses on open terraces, in gazebos. It is generally accepted that the fragrance of this plant and all its beauty are revealed on a quiet summer evening.

In pot culture, it decorates rooms, loggias, balconies. It must be understood that the aroma of tuberose is very rich and bright, it is better to keep it in a well-ventilated area. Used by florists for cutting. This type of application is promising, gaining more and more popularity and becoming fashionable. Does not fade in a vase for about 2 weeks. The essential oils of this plant have been used in the perfume industry for a very long time. They are considered among the most expensive.

Tuberose, garden form with lilac flowers

The famous French perfumer Francois Demachy, the creator of fragrances under the Christian Dior brand, calls tuberose an incomparable exotic flower. For many years in a row, he travels to India to the Madurai flower market in the city of Tamil Nadu, where he personally buys polyantes for the J’adore fashionable perfume series.

1389 03/10/2019 7 min.

For modern gardeners, there is a huge variety of ornamental plants: both exotic and unusual, and with a particularly attractive appearance. However, there are plants that remain in vogue all the time, thanks to their unsurpassed decorative qualities and other virtues.

Such representatives of the flora include tuberose - Byron's favorite flower, and the most popular garden plant 19th century. Tuberose has an extremely decorative appearance, and has a delicate, attractive aroma. In the article, we will consider the features of this plant: we will find out how to grow tuberose in the open field, and how to properly care for this delicate beauty.

Description

Tuberose has another name - polyantes, and refers to plants of a perennial type of the asparagus family, the agave subfamily. The homeland of the plant is Mexico, and today there are 13 varieties of tuberose. Poliantes was cultivated in the 16th century - and since then it has been pleasing to the eye not only of rural residents in the outback distant countries but also citizens around the world.

The plant is distinguished by straight stems, rather dense, wide leaves. gentle decorative flowers collected in beautiful inflorescences. Tuberose inflorescence is from 15 to 30 small flowers, each of which has a diameter of 3-5 cm. After flowering ends, the tuberose fruit ripens: a small flat seed box.

The plant can reach a height of half a meter to a meter, and the color of its flowers is predominantly white, yellowish or pinkish. By the way, now breeders have already brought out new varieties of polyantes, which have wonderful flowers of purple, pink color, and terry texture.

Tuberose is valued by gardeners for its decorative effect, and by perfumers for its delicate, delicate aroma. This fragrance has served as the basis for many famous and world famous perfumes. Interestingly, some varieties of polyantes exude such a strong smell (albeit pleasant) that in some people it even causes a headache.

On the video - the flowering of tuberose:

In addition to perfumes, tuberose petals are also used to create special cosmetic oils. This substance has extremely valuable properties, and is one of the most expensive types of cosmetic products.

The flowering of the plant is long, and lasts from July to October. This is also an important reason for the popularity of tuberose among gardeners.

We will learn what rules must be followed in order to correctly plant tuberose in open ground.

Tuberose is usually not planted immediately in open ground: too cold climate is an obstacle to this. At first, the tubers are germinated at home, and only then they are transplanted outside. To carry out germination, the tubers are placed in peat or moss, put in a warm place, watered. Keep in mind that tubers germinate best in the dark. After the shoots appear, the seed is transplanted into pots with a soil substrate.

Tuberose is best planted in open ground in late April-May, and not earlier. It is in this month that stable heat is already established in most territories of our country, and the likelihood of frosts and night cooling is excluded. Best time- from April 20 to May 10: this period is suitable for most regions of Russia, except for the Far North and Siberia. But how landing takes place, and how Gatsania flowers are cared for, will help to understand this

In order for the plant to take root well on the street, prepare the soil for it in the garden. It is important that the tuber is planted in a sandy cushion, which will provide the roots with excellent drainage: the plant does not like stagnant water.

Before placing the bulb in open ground, treat it with Biostim or Fitosporin. This measure will alert possible diseases plants, its damage, decay.

When transplanted into the ground, the plants deepen by about one to two centimeters. As a rule, tuberose transplantation is transferred with a bang, so there should be no difficulties in this case. By placing the tubers in the ground, they can not be covered with earth from above: the polyanthes will take root without much deepening.

On the video - planting tuberose in the ground:

Care

Useful tips for caring for the delicate beauty tuberose.

If you already have gladioli or freesias growing in your garden, then caring for tuberose will be almost the same as caring for these flowers. You can simply combine all the stages of caring for these plants. For those who have no experience in caring for flowers, you should listen to our useful recommendations.

The soil

The land must be well-drained: tuberose does not tolerate swampy soil. For the successful cultivation of tuberose, fertile, loose soil, and a sunny area of \u200b\u200bthe garden are necessary. If the sunny clearings in the garden are already occupied, then the polyantes will also agree to a place with diffused lighting. The main thing is that there is no wind and enough light.

The plant needs intense abundant lighting: darkness and shading are not for tuberose. The exception is midday direct sunlight: it is better to protect the plant from them, shading for a while.

Watering

How sunny place tuberose growth, the more moisture it needs. But in any case, watering should be regular, but not too plentiful: tuberose has delicate roots, and does not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil.

Keep in mind that the water for irrigation should be warm: in this case, the plant will feel much more comfortable and will thank you decorative flowering, And good growth. In rainy weather, watering is not required.

It will also be interesting to see what the juniper horizontal Andorra compact looks like:

top dressing

The plant needs, and reacts remarkably to competent top dressing. She loves both mineral and organic species. Behind summer period it is necessary to feed the flower three times, evenly distributing the food over time.

It is worth knowing that the disadvantage nutrients tuberose endures with difficulty, and immediately demonstrates this by the absence of flowering, and the loss of decorativeness by leaves.

No need to feed the polyanthes with too much nitrogenous fertilizer. An excess of nitrogen can provoke an ugly stretching of the stems of the plant and, as a result, their occurrence.

Storage

After the plant has faded in October, and a seed box has formed, you need to dig out the polyanthes bulbs from the ground: they will definitely not survive our harsh winter in freezing soil.

So, in the fall, before frost, the tubers are removed from the ground, washed, and lightly disinfected. After that, the seed is dried and stored in a dark, dry place until spring.

Storage temperature should be within + 10-15 degrees. Tuberose tubers should be stored in sawdust or dry sand. And remove the leaves only after they are completely dry. Suitable for this

Diseases and pests

In general, in the open field, the plant is quite resistant to various diseases and pests. This resistance is explained by the strong aroma of the flower: most pests are simply afraid of it. However, sometimes aphids or thrips can attack tuberose. You can cope with these harmful insects with the help of appropriate fungicides.

Sometimes tuberose can also suffer from spider mites. They also fight this insect by spraying. If the bear has multiplied in large numbers in the garden, then it will also hit the polyantes.

Growing in a container

We will learn about the features of the so-called "container" cultivation of tuberose. Many gardeners recommend this way of growing a plant outside.

In this case, the tubers are placed in the container as early as February. After the first sprouts appear in March, the container is exposed to the light, and regular watering should begin.

When it's already warm outside, tuberose containers can be taken out into the air and placed in a shaded area of the garden. When the plants get used, after a couple of weeks you can already expose them to the sun.

reproduction

tuberose bulb for summer season overgrown with many children - sometimes it reaches up to 20 "offspring". Already in the middle of summer, you can separate the children from the mother tuber. Viable babies are those that have a diameter of about 2 cm: by the end of the current season, it is quite possible to get a full seed for the next season from them. Keep in mind that the babies left on the tubers after digging should overwinter on the mother's bulb.

As for seed propagation, this method is only suitable for areas with a very mild, warm climate. In addition, the plant will need special conditions(temperature, humidity, etc.), which causes too many complications. But how it happens, this information will help to understand.

Tip: if you buy tubers in a store, carefully inspect them before purchasing. It is best to choose bulbs with a diameter of no more than 2 cm, with a pronounced conical shape, a convex base.

Application in design

Tuberose looks great in company with gladiolus. The plants are somewhat similar, their care is the same, so growing them side by side is also convenient. In addition, the beginning of the flowering of tuberose falls exactly at the end of the decorative period of the gladiolus. Thus, the bed will not be empty.

Tuberoses look great in discounts, in company with undersized ornamental plants. In addition, they can also be used as a pot plant for open balconies, terraces. And here's what they look like coniferous trees V landscape design, can be seen in this

Tuberose is well worth cutting: this quality is valued and used with might and main by florists. The plant, under favorable conditions, may not fade in the cut state even for two weeks. But when composing bouquets of tuberose, keep in mind that the aroma of the flower is very dense and rich. Therefore, it is advisable to keep these bouquets in a well-ventilated area.

Now gardeners involved in the cultivation of garden flowers are very difficult to surprise with something. After all, there are a lot of flowering plants - perennial or annual - for landscaping garden plots. Knowledgeable flower growers can make a choice in favor of certain plants for the plots. But novice flower growers have a hard time - which flowering plants are better to choose for the site, if the choice is so huge? There is a wonderful choice - tuberose. These flowers have a lot of advantages, the main of which is a beautiful decorative look, unearthly aroma and sufficient ease of care.

Tuberose

Tuberoses were especially popular two centuries ago, but in the last century they were almost forgotten. Now the fashion for growing tuberose is back, so let's recall how to grow this flower, care for it, and what flowers will be the best neighbors for this plant.

Origin

Tuberose (bot. name - polyantes) refers to perennials from the Asparagus family. This flower is originally from Central America, mainly found in Mexico. There are 13 known varieties of this plant.

Name

Tuberose, or Polyanthes tuberosa (lat. Polianthes tuberosa) - perennial genus Polianthes (Polianthes) of the subfamily Agave (Agavoideae) of the Asparagus family (Asparagaceae).

Description

This bulbous perennial stems are erect, the foliage is most often alternate, wide. The flowers are collected in racemose inflorescences, the petals seem to be molded from wax. Fruits are boxes in which flat small seeds ripen.

The height of the stems ranges from 0.45 to 1.0 m, and the inflorescences are painted white or pink. Over time, thanks to the efforts of breeders, varieties appeared with other petal colors - yellow, purple, violet, and the flowers themselves became double. These varieties of tuberoses are very beautiful, they will decorate any garden, as they are incredibly beautiful, very fragrant, and flowering continues from the first decade of July to mid-October.

The aroma of flowers is so strong that if you stay near tuberoses for a long time, your head may ache.

But the flavor changes throughout the day. When the tuberose buds begin to bloom, they look like bells, small, openwork and very delicate.

This perennial is propagated by tubers and their children. Occasionally propagated by seed material. It is possible to propagate tuberose by cuttings, as well as by processes growing from lateral buds.

Varieties of tuberose

There are more than ten varieties of tuberose, but only two of them and a few more decorative species are cultivated in our country.

In this variety of tuberose, the corm is oblong in shape, it grows up to 4.5 - 5 cm in length, and about 3 cm in width. Only one stem, straight, grows from one bulb. Foliage grows in this tuberose only at the base of the flower. The foliage is wide, linear, shiny, bright - emerald color, collected at the base of the stem in a rosette. The inflorescence is spike-shaped, the flowers in it are bright white with a radius of about 2 cm. The inflorescences exude a delicate, delicate, not strong aroma. Tuberose broad-leaved blooms in the middle and end of spring.

tuberose tuberosa

The height of this variety of polyanthes is 0.8 - 1.0 m. Narrow flexible foliage is collected in a rosette, the length of one leaf is up to 0.5 m. Sedentary small foliage grows at the bottom of the stem. The length of each leaf is no more than 4.5 - 5 cm. The peduncle is erect, not pubescent, at the end of which snow-white tubular flowers bloom, collected in spicate inflorescences of a loose shape. The radius of each flower is 2.5 - 3 cm. Their aroma is very strong. Each of the inflorescences contains from 10 to 30 blooming buds.

Ornamental tuberose varieties

Pearl

Terry variety with a persistent strong aroma. The height of the variety is 0.45 - 0.65 m. The radius of the flowers is 2.5 cm, and the color of the petals is bright white. This polyanthes is thermophilic, therefore it is grown only in containers.

Sensation

The main difference of this variety is the color of flowers in inflorescences. The flowers are small, purple with a pink tint.

This variety is highly decorative. Its inflorescences are tightly packed. Flowers are double, large. Their middle is light, Pink colour, along the edges of the petals - a border of lilac shade.

Landing and care

In the warm regions of our country, these tuber-root plants are grown without digging out of the flower bed every autumn. Therefore, tuberoses are common in these areas. But in other regions, where winters are quite cold, growing tuberoses is not an easy task. In such areas, in the fall, at the end of flowering, the tubers are dug up, washed in running water, dried and stored until the next season in a cool room with an air temperature of + 10 ... + 12C. It is better to place in boxes filled with sawdust or sand. Leaves are removed when they are completely dry.. Children are separated from the tuber most often in the spring, when the corms germinate.

Before planting in open ground, corms are germinated, observing the following conditions:

This should be done in mid-February.
For germination, they are placed either in moss or peat.
Germinated tuberoses should be kept in a dark but warm place.
When the shoots appear on the bulbs (usually this happens 25-30 days after the start of germination), they are transplanted into containers with nutrient soil and taken out to a bright room, as well as regular watering.
When the air temperature outside rises to + 18 + 20⸰С, containers with tubers are taken out into the street, where they are kept in partial shade.
After 10-14 days, the sprouted tuberose is exposed to a sunny place.

Sprouted tubers can be planted on flower beds no earlier than the third decade of May, when the probability spring frosts will pass. When planting corms, make sure that the neck of the bulb is above the soil surface.

Planting holes are dug shallow, a layer of sand (6-8 cm thick) is poured onto the bottom. Sand is a draining material through which excess moisture quickly leaves when watering, without accumulating at the bottom of the hole. Excessive moisture that accumulates in the soil leads to rotting of the root bulbs, and as a result, to the death of the plant. To prevent this is the task of the grower.

The place for planting these flowers is chosen sunny, without drafts and gusts of wind, the soil is nutritious, and do not allow water to stagnate in the soil. Transplantation into prepared tuberose planting holes is well tolerated. But these plants grow and bloom well in slightly shaded areas, as well as in areas with diffused light. In sunny areas, tuberoses are watered more often.

Watering tuberose

Watering should be regular, but not plentiful. Moisture should not stagnate in the soil, and water for irrigation should be warm enough. Consider climatic conditions areas - in hot weather, the number of waterings is increased, and during the rainy season, watering is generally stopped.

Plant nutrition

Feed these flowering perennials should be several times a season.

These flowers are very fond of organics, as well as mineral fertilizers. But it is better to alternate these two types of fertilizers.

The first time the flower is fertilized before the buds appear, but not earlier than two weeks after the plant is transplanted into the open ground - tuberose takes root in new conditions and acclimatizes. The next top dressing is carried out during the period of active flowering. And the last top dressing is applied to the soil after the end of flowering.

The lack of nutrients immediately affects the general condition of the plant. This perennial can stop flowering, the foliage dries and curls for no apparent reason, and then falls off.

Pests, diseases

This perennial plant is resistant to most pests and diseases. However, the following pests sometimes attack it:

Also, sometimes the plant is damaged by gray rot.

The first sign of an attack by harmful insects are spots of a different color that appear on the foliage. From spider mites, wiping the foliage of the plant with soapy water and spraying the flower with a stream of water helps well. But then treat the flower with fungicidal preparations.

Against and use special means

History of tuberose-polyantes

In India and Europe, it used to be believed that girls should not walk in the evening near a blooming tuberose flower bed, especially accompanied by gentlemen, because its fragrance clouds the mind, intoxicates and excites erotic dreams. And in Italy, during the Renaissance, unmarried young ladies were generally forbidden to enter the gardens where the polyanthes bloomed. Similar rules were once in force in India, however, they concerned large plantations of tuberose. In modern India, a tradition has been established to decorate the bride's sari with flowers of this plant. And in Hawaii and some other warm countries, beautiful fragrant garlands for newlyweds are woven from tuberose.

In fact, the aroma of tuberose planted in the garden calms nerves and relieves stress rather than excites. But in high concentrations, the smell of tuberose can cause a headache, for example, if you stay in a room for a long time with a bouquet of these flowers.

Varieties and types of Tuberose

The genus Poliantes has 13 species. In decorative floriculture, tuberous polyanthes (Polyanthes tuberosa) is most often used, this particular species is called tuberose. Its leaves are similar to the leaves of cereals: 1-2 cm wide, 35-50 cm long. garden forms usually high. 80 100 cm. The flowers are very elegant, like porcelain, collected in 18-20 pieces. in spike-shaped inflorescence.

Tuberose blooms 4-6 months after planting, in July-August or September. The flowers in the inflorescence bloom from the bottom up, each of them remains fresh and fragrant for 3-4 days, in general, the inflorescence is decorative for three weeks. We sell mainly white tuberose, but in general there are varieties with cream, pink and even purple flowers.

The most common variety with white double flowers The Pearl, new varieties: pink sapphire with double flowers of pink color, sensation- with simple pink, Cinderella- with lilac-pink, the edges of the petals are purple.

Many gardeners consider tuberose with simple rather than double flowers to be more spectacular for the garden. The “queen of aromas” is planted in curtains in the middle plan of the flower garden, it goes well with gladioli, mallows, delphiniums. Looks great in a container planting.

And this is how tuberoses grow in the open field in the wild

How to speed up the flowering of tuberose and other features of agricultural technology

Tuberose corms are tall, covered with a brownish or brown film, flower stalks give those that are more than 2 cm in diameter. Corms with a diameter of 3.5-4.0 cm are considered large.

Heat-loving tuberose is planted in the ground when it warms up well enough and the threat of frost has passed, usually this is the end of April - the beginning of May.

For early flowering, corms are grown at home, starting in March. For this purpose, only large corms that will bloom are selected, the rest are planted directly in the ground. The optimum temperature for growing is 22-25 ° C. Corms can be planted in pots with a soil substrate or grown in sawdust. To do this, steamed and squeezed sawdust is first dried for two days, and then soaked with a solution of nitrophoska (2 g per 1 liter of water). For planting corms, a 10-centimeter layer of sawdust is needed. Tuberose is transplanted into the garden in May.

Corms are planted in open ground in such a way that a 2-3 cm layer of soil covers them from above. The baby is buried even shallower and placed separately from adult corms. The distance between corms is at least 5 cm, between rows - 15 cm. It is impossible to plant tuberose more densely, since it gives many children.

A place for tuberose is chosen well warmed up, sunny. The plant is not demanding on the soil, but it feels better on a nutritious, organic-rich soil. The introduction of manure, chopped straw, plant residues accelerates the development and flowering of plants, because when decomposed in the ground organic fertilizers release additional heat.

If the soil is heavy, dense, it is advisable to add sand before planting to improve its structure. Water tuberose regularly and moderately.

Feeding is also important, during the season they are carried out 3-4 times: with a weak infusion of mullein (1:10), as well as full mineral fertilizer(40 g per 10 liters of water). Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied carefully, their excess causes stretching and lodging of plants. When tuberose fades, watering is reduced.

Digging up corms and winter storage of tuberose

It is not worth rushing to dig up tuberose, because after flowering, the corms need time to mature. It is best to dig it out at the end of October, before the onset of frost or immediately after the first frost.

Dug out corms are dried in the heat, some flower growers do this with a fan heater. Then dry leaves are cut off on the plant, leaving a stump about 2 cm high, and the roots are cut. The baby is left on the mother corms, so it is better stored and does not dry out. Separate the baby in the spring, just before planting.

Tuberose planting material is stored in a dry room at a temperature of about 10 ° C. It should be borne in mind that it makes no sense to plant corms that have already bloomed - they will no longer bloom. It is convenient to grow tuberoses in containers in order to simply bring them indoors in the fall and not dig up the corms every year. If there are few plants, then in the fall the tuberose bushes can be transplanted into pots and stored in this way until spring. But with any storage method, it is important to remember that corms rot in a humid and cold environment.

Tuberose is propagated by baby corms. Large ones grow 1-2 years, and small ones will need at least 3-4 years to mature.

Tuberose flower growing at home. Growing tuberose in open ground: features of planting and care. Botanical characteristics. Tuberose - description

Types of tuberose suitable for home cultivation

tuberose care at home

Temperature and lighting

Watering and humidity

pruning

Soil and top dressing

Transplant and reproduction

Diseases, pests and growing problems

Personal experience of growing tuberose

Description

Species promising for floriculture

Photogallery of species

Cultivation and care

reproduction

Diseases and pests

Use in landscape design

Description

Care

The soil

Watering

top dressing

Storage

Diseases and pests

Growing in a container

reproduction

Application in design

Origin

Name

Description

Varieties of tuberose

tuberose tuberosa

Ornamental tuberose varieties

Pearl

Sensation

Landing and care

Watering tuberose

Plant nutrition

Pests, diseases

History of tuberose-polyantes

Varieties and types of Tuberose

How to speed up the flowering of tuberose and other features of agricultural technology

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