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CORN

Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Corn grows in Russia in many places, even where the climate is not very suitable for it. This is due to the corn campaign during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, when they tried to solve food and agricultural problems with the help of corn.
However, corn appeared in our country not in the Soviet years, but much earlier - several centuries ago. Corn grew between North and South America, it was "discovered" by Christopher Columbus. It is interesting that the locals (Indians) called corn maize, for them it was the main crop, like rye for Russians.
In Europe, corn gained popularity in a short time, after a while it began to compete on equal terms with wheat and rice, becoming a basic product for a huge number of people on the planet. In Russia, corn was first grown in the warmest regions such as Moldova and Georgia. Then it spread throughout the European part of Russia. During the Khrushchev campaign, corn was actively planted beyond the Urals and even beyond the Arctic Circle. However, in most of these places, the plant did not take root, as it requires a lot of sun and heat.
Corn is consumed boiled, fried and raw, it is used to make cereals, flour, canned food, butter, cheaper varieties are used as feed for farm animals.

POTATO

For many regions of Russia, potatoes are a staple food, and therefore most citizens of the country perceive them as their own, Russian product. However, this plant was brought from Europe, and relatively recently.
The potato, like corn, was born in America, namely in the Andes, that is, it grew mainly in South America. Researchers believe that potatoes were grown even by ancient civilizations, such as the Incas.
About 400 years ago, potatoes were brought to Europe by Spanish or English sailors. In Russia, potatoes appeared even later, about 300 years ago, under Peter I. However, since the product was new and Western, many did not want to plant it, “potato riots” began.
However, after a few years, potatoes gained popularity among ordinary people. Now in Russia, most of the potatoes consumed are produced by the citizens themselves on their own. garden plots and vegetable gardens.

Monks planting potatoes. Photo by Prokudin-Gorsky, 1910

SUNFLOWER

Sunflower is also extremely popular and loved in Russia, the love of Russians for sunflower seeds is known almost all over the world.
However, the sunflower also came from America. He grew up mainly in Mexico, the Americans call him sunflower (solar flower), because in shape it resembles the sun.
The Spaniards brought the plant to their country, after which it began to quickly conquer Europe. Under Peter I from Holland, sunflower came to Russia. At first the sunflower was ornamental plant and grown in gardens. But at the beginning of the 19th century, the peasant Bokarev from the Voronezh province learned how to extract oil from sunflower seeds. He himself created a press for pomace and began industrial production, after which sunflower oil began to rapidly gain popularity, not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

BEET

Beets, for all their commonness, are an ancient vegetable that came from Southwest Asia and from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Interestingly, the plant was not popular in sophisticated Greece, but fell in love with Ancient Rome.
In other parts of Europe, beets appeared around the 15th century, and they almost immediately migrated to our country. German researchers discovered sugar in beets and learned how to extract it from the plant. After that, in Russia they began to specially allocate land for growing beets and create sugar factories.
Red beet, sugar beet (white) and fodder beet spread in Russia. Beetroot grows mainly in regions with a temperate climate, as it does not tolerate drought and temperature changes.

Photo: Zyance/Wikimedia Commons

WATERMELON

The watermelon did not originate in Astrakhan, as some people think, but in South Africa. It was a common wild plant that was loved for its ability to quench thirst in the desert. In North Africa, the watermelon appears to have been present as well, as researchers have found depictions of this large berry in ancient Egyptian drawings.
In Europe, watermelon appeared around the 11th century, it was brought by crusader warriors who made campaigns in the southeast. In Russia, watermelons have been known for a long time, but they began to be grown only in the middle of the 17th century. After a hundred years, watermelons no longer needed to be imported.
It is interesting that watermelon was not then consumed raw - it was soaked in sweet syrup. Eating raw watermelon began in the 19th century. Today, watermelons are actively grown in warm regions of Russia, for example, in the Astrakhan region. Watermelons need a lot of heat and water, under these conditions they grow large and sweet.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

Original taken from vova_91 in Things brought to Europe from America

Photo: GlobalLook

In December 1586, potatoes were first brought to England from Columbia. The potato was first adopted in Europe as an ornamental plant. For a long time he was considered poisonous plant. Antoine-Auguste Parmentier is the agronomist who discovered that the potato has high taste and nutritional qualities, and is not poisonous at all.

Photo: Wikimedia Commons

TOMATOES

After the world-famous expedition of the Spanish navigator Christopher Columbus, who discovered the New World, various things were brought to Europe, mainly various vegetables, grains and plants. One of the vegetables brought from America to Europe was the tomato. At first, when the Spaniards still did not know the properties of the tomato at all, tomatoes were considered poisonous. Only much later it turned out that they are not only edible, but also have many useful properties. Generally, in different countries Europe treated tomatoes differently: the French called them the apple of love for their scarlet color and shape, the Italians - the golden apple. The Spaniards were attracted by the appearance of the plant: dark green carved leaves, delicate flowers and bright fruits, so they decided to bring them to Europe.

POTATO

To this day, potatoes are considered one of the most useful and unusual vegetables in the world, especially positively affecting the human body. For the first time, potatoes began to be cultivated by the Indians 12 thousand years ago. The Spaniards were the first Europeans to see the potato. The first biographer of Columbus even made notes about potatoes: “Colon discovered one island of Hispaniola, whose inhabitants eat a special root bread. On a small bush grow tubers the size of a pear or a small pumpkin; when they ripen, they dig them out of the ground in the same way as we do it with turnips or radishes, dry them in the sun, chop them, grind them into flour and bake bread from it ... "

Photo: GlobalLook

TOBACCO

Tobacco became a great discovery for Europe when the Spaniards, led by Columbus, brought it from the lands of the New World to Europe. The Indians who lived on the land of America were familiar with tobacco for a very long time. There is a version that Native Americans grew tobacco as far back as the 6th millennium BC. e. However, the Indians did not use tobacco for smoking, but for their religious rituals and for the treatment of dental disease, in which the Indians chewed tobacco leaves. The first European who tried smoking tobacco was Rodrigo de Jerez, a Spaniard from the Columbus team, for which he later went to prison at the behest of the Inquisition. But soon New Product began to rapidly win the sympathy of the Old World, and as they quickly got used to tobacco, there was a serious demand for it.

Photo: GlobalLook

COCOA

Christopher Columbus brought cocoa beans from his fourth voyage, however, against the background of too much attention to the brought gold from the lands of the New World, cocoa was not paid much attention. But later in Europe, a recipe for making chocolate using cocoa beans was discovered. And after that, sweet chocolate became the second dependence of Europe after tobacco. Cocoa beans can be considered one of the most valuable gifts brought by the Spaniards to Europe from the land of the New World. When cocoa beans learned to cook properly, an unprecedented boom arose around them, and soon chocolate became one of Europe's favorite sweets.

CORN

Corn or maize is also considered one of the healthiest foods for humans. The original homeland of corn is America. It was from there that Christopher Columbus was the first to bring corn to Europe. At that time, the Spaniards called corn maize, because that was the name of the cereal in the language of the American Indians. Corn was also called Indian wheat. When the seeds of corn arrived in Spain, they began to cultivate it in garden yards as an outlandish plant. And only later it was discovered that you can not only eat corn, but also cook it yourself. different ways. Like others healthy foods, corn quickly became popular in Europe.

Photo: GlobalLook

PEPPER

Capsicum has become a new discovery for Spanish and European cuisine. The fact is that having learned the properties of capsicum, Columbus brought it from the lands of the New World to Europe as a substitute for black pepper. Immediately after that, in Italy and Spain, it began to be called Spanish pepper. Through the countries of the Balkan Peninsula, he came to Eastern Europe, and then to East Asia. Capsicum, thanks to its useful properties and taste, has become very popular among Europeans in the preparation of various dishes.

SUNFLOWER

In America, the sunflower was not just a plant, but a sacred flower, which was called the sunflower by the Indians. The sunflower inflorescence was cast in gold and worn at celebrations, and also decorated religious places. The Spanish sailors from the Columbus expedition became very interested in unusual and beautiful flower and brought it to Europe, where it was planted in a botanical garden in Madrid. In Europe, sunflower has long been bred as an ornamental plant. But later other properties of this beautiful plant became known, which began to be used in other areas - for the manufacture of oil, seeds and other things.

Corn grows in Russia in many places, even where the climate is not very suitable for it. This is due to the corn campaign during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev, when they tried to solve food and agricultural problems with the help of corn.

However, corn appeared in our country not in the Soviet years, but much earlier - several centuries ago. Corn grew between North and South America, it was "discovered" by Christopher Columbus. It is interesting that the locals (Indians) called corn maize, for them it was the main crop, like rye for Russians.

In Europe, corn gained popularity in a short time, after a while it began to compete on equal terms with wheat and rice, becoming a basic product for a huge number of people on the planet. In Russia, corn was first grown in the warmest regions such as Moldova and Georgia. Then it spread throughout the European part of Russia. During the Khrushchev campaign, corn was actively planted beyond the Urals and even beyond the Arctic Circle. However, in most of these places, the plant did not take root, as it requires a lot of sun and heat.

Corn is consumed boiled, fried and raw, it is used to make cereals, flour, canned food, butter, cheaper varieties are used as feed for farm animals.

Potato

The potato, like corn, was born in America, namely in the Andes, that is, it grew mainly in South America. Researchers believe that potatoes were grown even by ancient civilizations, such as the Incas.

About 400 years ago, potatoes were brought to Europe by Spanish or English sailors. In Russia, potatoes appeared even later, about 300 years ago, under Peter I. However, since the product was new and Western, many did not want to plant it, “potato riots” began.

However, after a few years, potatoes gained popularity among ordinary people. Now in Russia, most of the potatoes consumed are produced by the citizens themselves in their personal garden plots and vegetable gardens.

Sunflower

Sunflower is also extremely popular and loved in Russia, the love of Russians for sunflower seeds is known almost all over the world.

However, the sunflower also came from America. He grew up mainly in Mexico, the Americans call him sunflower (solar flower), because in shape it resembles the sun.

The Spaniards brought the plant to their country, after which it began to quickly conquer Europe. Under Peter I from Holland, sunflower came to Russia. At first, the sunflower was an ornamental plant and was grown in gardens. But at the beginning of the 19th century, the peasant Bokarev from the Voronezh province learned how to extract oil from sunflower seeds. He himself created a press for pomace and began industrial production, after which sunflower oil began to rapidly gain popularity, not only in Russia, but also in other countries of the world.

Beet

Beets, for all their commonness, are an ancient vegetable that came from Southwest Asia and from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is interesting that the plant was not popular in sophisticated Greece, but it was loved in ancient Rome.

In other parts of Europe, beets appeared around the 15th century, and they almost immediately migrated to our country. German researchers discovered sugar in beets and learned how to extract it from the plant. After that, in Russia they began to specially allocate land for growing beets and create sugar factories.

Red beet, sugar beet (white) and fodder beet spread in Russia. Beetroot grows mainly in regions with a temperate climate, as it does not tolerate drought and temperature changes.

Watermelon

In Europe, watermelon appeared around the 11th century, it was brought by crusader warriors who made campaigns in the southeast. In Russia, watermelons have been known for a long time, but they began to be grown only in the middle of the 17th century. After a hundred years, watermelons no longer needed to be imported.

Interestingly, watermelon was not consumed raw at that time - it was soaked in sweet syrup. Eating raw watermelon began in the 19th century. Today, watermelons are actively grown in warm regions of Russia, for example, in the Astrakhan region. Watermelons need a lot of heat and water, under these conditions they grow large and sweet.

Corn Now it is simply difficult to imagine our southern fields without corn, which moved to us from Central America about 500 years ago. The sailors of Christopher Columbus were the first Europeans to see this plant. From the Indians, the Europeans learned how to cultivate a cornfield.

Corn What they don't make of it amazing plant: flour and cereals, canned grains and cereals, starch and vegetable oil– you can’t read everything! Corn is used everywhere and as a fodder crop. It also serves as a first-class raw material for technical industries, goes to the manufacture of paper, linoleum, viscose, insulating materials, resins, acetic acid and other products.

Rice Rice is an ancient culture. Many thousands of years ago, the inhabitants of India and Burma discovered and "tamed" an amazing wild cereal. In Europe, rice appeared along with the soldiers of Alexander the Great, who were returning from the Indian campaign. In Rus', rice was already known under Ivan the Terrible. Peter I, interested in rice, sent for him to Arabia. Merchants brought overseas "oriza" and sowed as a curiosity near Astrakhan.

Potatoes are native to South America, where they grow in the Andes, from Chile to Central America. It has been cultivated there since time immemorial. Images of the potato plant can be seen on pottery found during excavations of ancient Inca burials. In Europe, the potato was first known about 400 years ago.

Common potatoes Potatoes were brought to Russia under Peter I, but the "overseas guest" was also met with hostility. The bad rumor about the plant as a source of leprosy, tuberculosis, rickets was so tenaciously held among the people that they flatly refused to plant "damn apples". "Potato riots" began, which were brutally suppressed. Now potatoes are rightly called our second bread.

Sunflower. In the homeland of the sunflower, in the south of North America, this plant was considered sacred, called the "solar flower", its inflorescence was cast from gold, worn in solemn processions, and installed in temples. Sunflower was brought to Europe by Spanish sailors in early XVI century and planted in the botanical garden in Madrid under the name "flower of the sun".

Sunflower It came to Russia under Peter I from Holland and for several decades adorned gardens. Only in 1829, in the village of Alekseevka, Voronezh province, the peasant D. Bokarev discovered to people a new property of this plant, discovering in it a generous source of delicious oil. He made a press, on which he began to squeeze oil from sunflower seeds. Soon the "sun flower" became our main oil plant.

Sunflower Sunflower oil is used not only for food. It is used in the manufacture of margarine, soap and oil paints. In addition to sunflower oil, honey, medicines and good silage are obtained. Russia is rightfully considered the second homeland of sunflower. From here he began his new journey around the world.

Beetroot is an ancient vegetable believed to be native to the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. Among the Persians, this plant was considered a symbol of quarrel and gossip. Such an unflattering characteristic was also found in beets in Greece. But in ancient Rome, she enjoyed great honor.

Beetroot In 1799, the German Franz Achard for the first time received several kilograms of beet sugar. They learned about successful experiments in Russia, and by decree of Paul I, Russian landowners began to allocate land for sugar beets. Soon a sugar factory was built in the village of Alyabyevo, Tula province.

Cucumber seed He comes from India, was known there for several millennia before new era. It has also been cultivated in Ancient Egypt and Greece. The image of a cucumber whip adorned the walls of Egyptian temples. In ancient Egypt, rich people drank for health cucumber juice With rose water. There they were treated with this juice for fever and dog bites. From the Mediterranean, this plant spread to other European countries, but apparently it was brought to Russia not from Europe, but from East Asia.

Tomato, or ordinary tomato The Aztec Indians called this plant "tumantla", which means " large berry". The Spaniards began to call it "tomato". From across the ocean, this plant was brought to Italy, where it was called "tomato", which means "golden apple".

Tomato, or ordinary tomato In Russia, tomatoes appeared in the reign of Catherine II, along with a rumor that they are poisonous and should not be eaten. Only in 1850 did our compatriots learn that the fruits of this plant are not dangerous, but even healthy and tasty.

Leaf parsley Homeland parsley - the Mediterranean coast, where it is still found in the wild. Wild parsley - Goryanka. The Greeks call it petroselinum, or stone celery. This culture is ancient. In Egypt, she was credited divine origin. According to legend, she grew up from the blood of the murdered Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis. In memory of this, wreaths were woven from parsley and festivities were held.

Leaf parsley From Greece, parsley has spread throughout the world. In the Middle Ages, it was already bred in Europe as a spicy plant everywhere. Around the same time, parsley moved to Russia. At first, we bred her as medicinal plant. And now this spicy root vegetable is used daily.

Watermelon Until the end of the 17th century, watermelons were brought to Russia from abroad as an overseas delicacy. They didn’t eat them raw then, but soaked the slices for a long time and boiled them with pepper and hot spices. The first watermelons were sown in the south of Russia according to the royal decree of November 11, 1660, and it was prescribed: as soon as outlandish vegetables ripen, immediately deliver them to Moscow.

Watermelon Under Peter I, watermelons were no longer imported from abroad. They were often served in palaces, but again not fresh, but soaked in sugar syrup. Only in the 19th century did watermelon finally take root in the Lower Volga region and in Ukraine, and they began to eat it in its natural form.

Common melon The Arabs claim that the melon is the fruit of the gardens of Eden and one of the inhabitants of paradise brought it to earth, thus committing a terrible crime before God. The homeland of this plant is considered to be Asia Minor and Central Asia, from where it began its spread to other regions.

Large-fruited strawberries In 1714, the French officer A. Frezier traveled along the western coast of South America. With great difficulty, he managed to bring several bushes of Chiloes strawberries to Europe. In Russia, it appeared much later, in the 19th century. Before that, we knew and collected only wild strawberries.

Walnut About 10 centuries ago, these nuts were brought to Rus' by Greek merchants. Since then, the name Greek, or Greek, has become stronger behind them. The ancient Greeks called the plant Sinop or Persian nut. The first imported to Rus' walnuts were very expensive and got only on the royal table.

Most of the plants currently cultivated in the wild are no longer known, and therefore it is sometimes difficult to name the homeland of some species and answer the question of where they migrated. In this case, it helps to know the area of distribution of their closest wild relatives, from which they most likely could have descended.

SET OF POSTCARDS "MIGGLE PLANTS" Artist A. V. Zhomkov Author of the introductory article M. A. Lobuntsova Annotation by T. D. Nikitochkina Reviewers L. S. Belousova, G. F. Lebedeva donbass.narod2.ru/komplekt_otkritok_rasteniya_pereselen tsi/ By site materials work was done by the teacher primary school MOU SOSH 1 Nazarova A.N.

Migrant Plants

It turns out that the homeland of many cultivated plants located far outside our country. You will learn about the most famous and common migrant plants.

Corn What is not made from this amazing plant: flour and cereals, canned grains and cereals, starch and vegetable oil - you can’t count everything! Corn is used everywhere and as a fodder crop. It also serves as a first-class raw material for technical industries, goes to the manufacture of paper, linoleum, viscose, insulating materials, resins, acetic acid and other products.

Sunflower. In the homeland of the sunflower, in the south of North America, this plant was considered sacred, called the "solar flower", its inflorescence was cast from gold, worn in solemn processions, and installed in temples. Sunflower was brought to Europe by Spanish sailors at the beginning of the 16th century and planted in the botanical garden in Madrid under the name "flower of the sun".

Common beet Root beet spread in Europe, apparently, in the XIV-XV centuries. Around the same time, beets were brought to Russia. In the 16th-17th centuries, it became a widespread vegetable.

Cucumber seed He comes from India, was known there for several millennia BC. It was also cultivated in ancient Egypt and Greece. The image of a cucumber whip adorned the walls of Egyptian temples. In ancient Egypt, rich people drank cucumber juice with rose water for health reasons. There they were treated with this juice for fever and dog bites. From the Mediterranean, this plant spread to other European countries, but apparently it was brought to Russia not from Europe, but from East Asia.

Tomato, or ordinary tomato The Aztec Indians called this plant "tumantla", which means "large berry". The Spaniards began to call it "tomato". From across the ocean, this plant was brought to Italy, where it was called "tomato", which means "golden apple".

Leaf parsley Homeland parsley - the Mediterranean coast, where it is still found in the wild. Wild parsley - Goryanka. The Greeks call it petroselinum, or stone celery. This culture is ancient. In Egypt, she was credited with divine origin. According to legend, she grew up from the blood of the murdered Horus, the son of Osiris and Isis. In memory of this, wreaths were woven from parsley and festivities were held.

Leaf parsley From Greece, parsley has spread throughout the world. In the Middle Ages, it was already bred in Europe as a spicy plant everywhere. Around the same time, parsley moved to Russia. At first, we bred it as a medicinal plant. And now this spicy root vegetable is used daily.

Watermelon The birthplace of watermelon is South Africa, where even now in the Kalahari this plant is found in the wild. Wild watermelon became famous for the fact that in the desert it gave water to all those who were thirsty with its juice.

Common melon Melon came to Russia in the 12th-13th centuries. In our country, melon is most often served for dessert. But the British eat it during breakfast. In the United States, it is not uncommon to start dinner with a melon, while in the Middle East it is served with meat and fish.

Large-fruited strawberries Everyone knows large-fruited strawberries, often incorrectly called strawberries. Strawberry virginiana was brought to Europe from North America in 1624 and planted in the botanical garden in Paris.

Walnut The birthplace of the walnut is Western and Central Asia. The Latin name of this plant in translation means "royal nut", which best characterizes the taste of its fruits.

Walnut About 10 centuries ago, these nuts were brought to Rus' by Greek merchants. Since then, the name Greek, or Greek, has become stronger behind them. The ancient Greeks called the plant Sinop or Persian nut. The first walnuts imported to Rus' were very expensive and only ended up on the royal table.

Set of postcards "PLANTS-MIGRANTS" Artist A. V. ZhomkovIntroductory article by M. A. Lobuntsova Annotation by T. D. NikitochkinaReviewers L. S. Belousova, G. F. Lebedeva http://bio-donbass.narod2.ru/komplekt_otkritok_rasteniya_pereselentsi / Based on the materials of the site, the work was performed by the primary school teacher of the secondary school No. 1 Nazarova A.N.