Circular grinding machines. Purpose and device of cylindrical grinding machines Circular grinding machine

Cylindrical grinding machines are used for external processing of cylindrical and conical parts made of ferrous and non-ferrous metal by the method of longitudinal, plunge and deep-feed grinding in conditions of single, serial and mass production in the field of metallurgy, mechanical engineering at production sites in the shops of enterprises. Also, the mentioned equipment can often be found in laboratories and research departments of plants and factories.

Compact cylindrical grinding machines are actively used in repair shops, at vehicle service stations, in garages. In addition, the units are used in vocational workshops educational institutions, preparing specialists for machine operators.

Features of cylindrical grinding machines

The design of the equipment includes the following elements:

• bed;
• upper and lower tables;
• device for internal grinding;
• pinole;
• attachments for grinding wheels;
• headstock;
• electrical cabinet;
• abrasive wheel dressing mechanism;
• Remote Control.

We offer to buy a circular grinding machine, which makes it possible to process any metal surfaces with high accuracy. It is noteworthy that the worktables of these units can be equipped with additional stiffeners to increase strength and to be able to work with large-sized parts that demonstrate a significant mass. Hydraulic systems for feeding workpieces provide cyclical processing of parts with minimal time costs.

In the catalog of our company, you can buy a cylindrical grinding machine with sliding guides, which are closed with special casings to prevent contamination. Tables move along them, driven by a manual mechanism or a hydraulic system. The presence of a folding indicator device on the front of the high-strength bed allows you to control the movements of the table with high accuracy. Segment self-aligning bearings, on which the grinding head spindle is mounted, provide support rigidity and increased rotational accuracy.

The company "Standard", which supplies customers from Russia and neighboring countries with equipment for processing metal parts, gives customers the opportunity to buy a cylindrical grinding machine with an electric lock of the grinding head motor, which protects the equipment from overloads. It is also noteworthy that the inclined working surface of the unit helps to move the tailstock and front headstock without losing alignment. As a tool for abrasive processing of parts, grinding wheels of various grain sizes and hardness are used. For their editing, special devices with hard-alloy discs are used.

Benefits of Cylindrical Grinding Machines

• safety in use, subject to all the rules for working with equipment;
• automatic lubrication system for headstocks, which reduces wear and increases the life of the spindles;
• a system that makes it possible to adjust the speed of the longitudinal transmission without jerking;
• accelerated approach and retraction of the grinding wheel to save time and increase productivity;
• high reliability in use, due to the impeccable quality of components from which circular grinding industrial machines are assembled;
• Availability effective system cooling, which reduces the temperature of the grinding wheel during rotation and prolongs its life;
• hydraulic or manual (mechanical) high-precision movement of work tables and headstocks;
• form stability working area during load fluctuations;
• devices that provide quick removal of flanges and, if necessary, their replacement;
• the presence of splash guards that prevent the liquid contaminated with metal particles from getting on the operator's clothes;
• the possibility of installing magnetic separators or paper filters for the grinding wheel cooling system;
• reliable and durable electric motors, moderately consuming electricity;
• stable processing quality;
• maintainability and the ability to replace components.

Advantages of ordering in the company "Standard"

Customers turn to us to buy a cylindrical grinding machine or other equipment for processing metal parts, because we have created favorable conditions for them. In addition, the company maintains high standards of service for both regular and new customers and strictly complies with all obligations stipulated by the contract.

The following advantages of cooperation with our company can be distinguished:

• professional assistance in the selection of equipment for engineering enterprises, based on the requirements and financial capabilities of buyers;
• provision of services for the installation, commissioning and adjustment of circular grinding universal machines;
• convenient payment methods, sale of equipment on lease, favorable payment schemes;
• delivery to all regions Russian Federation and CIS countries to customer enterprises;
• provision of services for maintenance of machine tools;
• a large selection of equipment for machine-building plants, repair organizations using machine tools;
• system of discounts and installments;
• models from leading manufacturers.

Cost and terms of delivery

Grinding (grinding) is a method of processing a part to the specified dimensions. For this, abrasive materials applied to the grinding wheels are used. Cylindrical portable machines for working on metal have many versions, both with manual control and with CNC systems (3u10a, a series of Studer machines, etc.).

Cylindrical grinding machines are widely used in manufacturing enterprises that produce products in large, medium, small series and even single copies. The universal cylindrical grinding machine is intended for grinding cylindrical and conical parts both inside and outside.

As a rule, the part goes to such a machine for final processing, which ensures high accuracy of control in terms of parameters and surface finish.

1 Mods

All cylindrical grinding machines have their own technological accuracy of control and production:

• P - increased;
• B - high;
• A is very high.

Cylindrical grinding machines, which are the most often found in factories have the following designations:

• 3a423, 3a151,
• 3b12, 3b161, 3b153, 3b151;
• 3m151, 3m175;
• 3y10a;
• numerous series of Studer machines (S21, S31, S33, S41).

All modifications have effective method dimensional control when processing a part, including the CNC method. Most machines allow you to process heavy and dimensional parts on them.

There are also differences in the location of the workpiece. There are three modifications:

• center - the part is installed in the centers;
• cartridge - the workpiece is clamped in the cartridge;
• centerless - the part is installed on the surface being machined.

1.1 Work units

The difference in the technical characteristics of different grinding models lies in the power, the distance between the centers, the allowable weight of the workpiece, the maximum grinding diameter, the width of the spindle head rotation range.

The devices are quite heavy, so under them it is necessary to provide a reinforced foundation.

Main working nodes:

• grinding headstock with grinding wheel spindle;
• knife support;
• cartridge (center);
• balancing device for the grinding wheel;
• a device for dressing the grinding wheel;
• container with lubricating-cooling liquid;
• clamps.

The universal cylindrical grinding machine can be equipped with a CNC, which greatly simplifies the control method and increases the accuracy of the work performed.

On such machines it is possible process parts from almost any material:

• steel;
• cast iron;
• non-ferrous metal alloys;
• textolite;
• glass;
• special strength materials (cermets).

2 How it works

The workpiece is clamped in a chuck or mounted on the centers of the machine, and then, rotating, comes into contact with grinding wheels that have abrasive coatings. The machine table can move in a reciprocating direction and at the end of the completed pass, the grinding wheel moves to the next set cutting amount.

The longitudinal movement of the table is set by the CNC (via hydraulics) or manually (by rotating the handwheel). The wheelhead, which moves transversely, can also be controlled by the CNC or manually. Abrasive wheels, with longitudinal and transverse movement, process the part first in the draft, and then in the finishing version of grinding.

2.1 Machine 3m151

It is used for single, serial and large-scale machining of parts. When working on metal, 3m151 allows you to perform the following operations:

• grinding (plunge and longitudinal);
• external grinding of parts that have a conical or cylindrical shape.

Work can be carried out both in manual and automatic (CNC) mode, while the method of controlling dimensions allows to maintain high precision of processing.

On the machine 3m151, it is possible to process parts with a maximum diameter of 200 mm and a length of 700 mm, as well as weighing up to 55 kg. The total weight of 3m151 (together with the cooling system and a set of electrical equipment) is 5600 kg with dimensions of 2170 × 2450x4605 mm.

2.2 Design features

Machine 3m151 has two tables (upper and lower). The first is placed in front of the frame and moves along the longitudinal guides, the second is used in the processing of conical parts and rotates at a certain angle with a screw, followed by fixation with clamps. The way to control the dimensions, as well as their verification, is to adjust according to the scale and the indicator mechanism located on the tables.

The hydraulic system at the 3m151 machine allows you to:

• blocking the movement of the table manually;
• longitudinal movement of the table (auto-reverse is activated at the end of the working stroke);
• fast summing up / removal of the headstock;
• locking the table when performing plunge grinding;
• retraction of the quill.

With longitudinal and plunge grinding on 3m151, full automation of the process is possible, which is carried out using a hydraulic drive with a clutch and a hydraulic motor. The quill, with a gear rack, brings the tailstock to the workpiece to install it in the centers. Such an operation 3m151 allows you to carry out both manually and using hydraulics.

On the tailstock 3m151 there is a device for dressing the grinding wheel. If desired, this device can be automated, as an additional option when ordering from the manufacturer.

2.3 Universal machine 3b12

Machine 3B12 is a universal cylindrical grinding device and is used for grinding conical and cylindrical surfaces both inside and outside.

The presence of a rotary table in 3B12 allows grinding of gentle conical surfaces.

For grinding steep conical internal and external surfaces, 3B12 has a rotary front and rotary headstock, which consists of two parts. The upper part can move on a slide relative to the lower part. Thus, on the 3B12 machine, it is possible to grind the end of the part fixed in the chuck with the edge of the grinding wheel.

Machine 3B12 allows you to process a part fixed in a chuck or installed in fixed centers.

On the machine 3B12 it is possible to carry out the following works:

• plunge and longitudinal grinding;
• longitudinal grinding to the stop (automatic cross feed);
• grinding by the periphery of the grinding wheel of the end surfaces.

Machine 3B12 allows processing cylindrical surfaces with a diameter of 8-200 mm and a length of 100-500 mm, and holes of 20-50 mm with a depth of up to 75 mm. Checking the accuracy of grinding work with a 3B12 machine is carried out using the appropriate scales for setting processing parameters.

2.4 Special machine 3a423

Model 3a423 is designed for regrinding connecting rod and main journals of crankshafts of internal combustion engines. Used by 3a423 in car repair plants and repair shops. The 3a423 can grind cylindrical surfaces and cones that have a slight taper angle.

When grinding the connecting rod journals on the 3A423 machine, the crankshaft is balanced by the weights moved on the chuck. The 3a423 control system has a mechanical, hydraulic and manual drive. Grinding with automatic cutting is possible.

The kinematic chains and hydraulic systems that the 3a423 is equipped with allow the following movements:

• rotate the spindle of the grinding headstock;
• rotate the workpiece;
• using hydraulics, quickly bring / retract the grinding headstock;
• move the table.

On 3a423 it is possible to process parts with a maximum total cross section of 580 mm and a length of 1600 mm (in the centers); 1450 mm (in cartridges), as well as weighing up to 150 kg.

The power of the electric motor of the main drive of the machine 3a423 is 11 kW. The dimensions of the machine 3a423 (in width, depth and height) are 5650 × 2530x1830 mm. Total weight - 7250 kg.

2.5 Model 3B161

Machine 3B161 is used in external grinding of cylindrical and conical (with a gentle bevel) surfaces.

Types of grinding on the machine 3B161:

• longitudinal and milling (with manual control);
• longitudinal (in automatic cross feed mode);
• mortise (up to the stop, in a semi-automatic cycle).

Model 3B161 allows you to install additional devices, on which the accuracy of the work is checked by the method of active control of dimensions. This method is possible with a special configuration of 3B161 and requires an additional payment.

There is a modification 3B161, which does not have a hydraulic plunging mechanism. Plunge and longitudinal grinding on the 3B161 machine is carried out by the method of manual transverse feed.

The maximum dimensions of workpieces on the 3B161 machine are 280 mm in diameter and 1000 mm in length. The 3B161 machine has a circle drive electric motor - 7 kW (980 rpm). dimensions length, width, height - 4100 × 2100x1560 mm, with a total weight of 4500 kg.

2.6 Universal semiautomatic device 3M175

Semiautomatic device 3M175 has an accuracy class P and is designed for grinding flat conical and cylindrical surfaces.

Grinding in semi-automatic mode takes place in fixed centers. Rotary upper part of the semi-automatic table 3M175 provides work with conical surfaces.

Semiautomatic device 3M175 is easy to operate and maintain. Operations for moving the table, turning on the rotation of the workpiece, cooling and fast approach of the grinding wheel are performed with one handle.

On the 3M175 machine, processing of parts with a size of 2800 mm and a diameter of 400 mm is permissible. The grinding area is determined by the diameter of 400 mm, by the length of 2520 mm.

Overall dimensions 3M175 - 8310 × 3690x2135 mm with total mass at 13850 kg.

2.7 Machines 3m175, 3a151, 3u10a, 3b153, 3b151

Models 3m175, 3a151, 3u10a, 3b153, 3b151 are used for external grinding.

On machines 3m175, 3a151, 3u10a, 3b153, 3b151, it is possible to install active control devices, so a thorough check of all parameters when working on metal is carried out automatically. This method of control allows you to produce high-quality products with a smooth and clean surface.

Machine 3u10a differs from 3m175, 3a151, 3b153, 3b151 in especially high accuracy when grinding external and internal cylindrical or conical surfaces.

Characteristics 3u10a:

• workpiece diameter - up to 100 mm;
• workpiece length - up to 180 mm;
• electric motor power - 1.1 kW;
• dimensions - 1250 × 1400x1690 mm;
• weight - 1850 kg.

2.8 Studer Universal Cylindrical Grinders

Studer S41 is a unit that is equipped with a new generation CNC. Studer has many special technical features such as a unique guide system, high precision linear motor drives, a wide range of grinding wheels.

Studer S21 - suitable for detail grinding with high quality control requirements. Can be fully automated. It is used for the manufacture of products for the aerospace industry, in precision mechanics and hydraulics (pneumatics).

Studer S31 - widely used in the tool industry.

Studer S33 - has three grinding wheels that provide complex processing of the part at the highest level.

2.9 How it works circular grinding machine 3K12? (video)

To make products from metal different sizes, masters of metallurgy carry out various technological processes carried out with the help of hand tools, industrial equipment. Among the craftsmen, a circular grinding machine is in demand. It is used to remove the metal layer.

Cylindrical grinding machine

It is easier to understand the principle of operation when the key components of the machine are known. These include:

1. Fixed bed. The base that holds the rest of the equipment. It has stable legs. Compact models can be equipped with wheels for moving around the workshop.
2. The headstock on which the spindle with the grinding wheel is fixed.
3. Supports, knives.
4. Gearbox.
5. Device for changing the position of the snap.
6. Vice for holding the workpiece.
7. Control Panel.
8. Guides along which the table moves.
9. Work surface for placing parts.

Modern equipment is equipped with numerical control. It allows you to more accurately carry out the technological process. The abrasive material removes the material from the workpiece in an even layer, leaving no recesses or bumps. It is important to set up the program correctly in order to get the best result.

Characteristics

You can evaluate the capabilities of the machine according to the declared characteristics from the manufacturer. It is necessary to deal with the main parameters that are noted in the technical passport:

1. The power of the machine for metal is indicated in kW. The performance of the machine depends on this indicator.
2. The power supply of the device depends on the dimensions of the equipment, the number of working spindles, the power of the engines. It can be powered by 220 volts (workshop models) or 380 volts (industrial models).
3. Desktop dimensions. Depends on them allowable size processed workpieces.
4. Tooling diameter (grinding wheel). Its dimensions are indicated according to GOSTs.
5. The number of spindle revolutions per minute.

In addition to the main characteristics, the dimensions of the machine itself can be attributed.

Classification

Depending on the dimensions, performance, type of installation, two groups of CNC cylindrical grinding machines are distinguished:

1. Desktop models. Compact equipment that is used in private workshops. Differ in low productivity, small dimensions, a small number of additional functions. They are powered by 220 volts. Most desktop machines come with manual control without CNC.
2. industrial models. Large-sized machines that are equipped with a powerful engine, a large work table, guides, stepper motors. There are machines with two or more working parts. Industrial equipment has a high productivity index and is therefore suitable for series production. Most models are powered by 380 volts.

Depending on the functionality, there are two groups of cylindrical grinding machines:

1. Simple machines. Designed for one technological process. Such devices can be assembled with your own hands, looking at the finished drawings, preparing Consumables, tools.
2. Universal models. Multifunctional machines with different options settings. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to process workpieces of complex shape, different sizes.

CNC Cylindrical Grinding Machine

The purpose of the machines

By using grinding machine can process wood, stone, plastic, metal. It is designed to perform various technological operations:

1. Processing of cylindrical, rectangular, triangular, square blanks. Removal of a different layer of metal.
2. Creating a rough surface. For this, a special type of abrasive is selected.
3. Sharpening of cutting tools, accessories. In order not to spoil the cutting edge, water cooling is used.

For processing cylindrical parts, it is necessary to select the grain size of the abrasive material. The layer of removed metal, wood, plastic, stone depends on this. The smaller the particles, the more precise grinding occurs.

Selection principles

To choose reliable machine, a number of features must be taken into account:

1. The speed of movement of the desktop along the guides. Depends on the power of stepper motors that are installed with CNC systems.
2. Grinding wheel rotation speed.
3. Engine power. The performance of the equipment depends on this, the ability to work on it for a long time without interruption.
4. Construction dimensions. They are selected depending on the availability of free space in the room.
5. Desktop dimensions.
6. Processing accuracy. Depends on the size of the abrasive grains.
7. Control type. If the machine will be used rarely, it is not necessary to buy expensive computer-controlled equipment.

Different models of cylindrical grinding machines are equipped with various additional functions. The cost depends on their quantity.

Making a machine with your own hands

To sharpen tools, process small-sized workpieces, you can make a machine with your own hands. To do this, prepare consumables, tools:

1. Metal corners to create the base.
2. Washing machine engine.
3. Grinding wheel.
4. Wires, switches, buttons for the manufacture of control panels.
5. Welding machine, drill with drills for metal, grinder.

The process of creating a homemade device:

1. Initially, you need to study the finished circuits of the circular grinding machine.
2. Assemble the base with a desktop, a drive, a headstock for a desktop machine. It is made from metal corners. Separate parts are connected welding machine. The seams must be cleaned, coated with an anti-corrosion compound.
3. Fasten the engine to the frame. Install a grinding wheel on it.
4. Run wires, make a control panel. It is desirable to use a motor with the ability to change the spindle speed. Thanks to this, a separate regulator will appear.

The grinding wheel is installed vertically. It is desirable to make its lower part so that it is one part in a container of water. Additionally, you can make a massive desktop, on which a vice will be installed to clamp parts.

DIY manufacturing

Equipment operation

Cylindrical grinding machines for metal must be able to operate in order to achieve the maximum effect from their work, without injuring yourself. Rules:

1. Before starting work, check the reliability of the fastening of the grinding wheel, assess its condition. Do not use abrasive with cracks, chips, bumps.
2. Check network connection. Set the machine settings in advance.
3. Wear safety goggles to keep chips out of your eyes.
4. Allow the workpieces to cool if the equipment is not water-cooled.
5. Change the abrasive depending on the required quality of processing.
6. Lubricate the moving parts of the equipment with engine oil so that it lasts longer.
7. Clean work surfaces from accumulated waste after processing.
8. Securely fix the parts with clamps so that they do not move during operation.

Do not attempt to sand hard surfaces with fine abrasive at low power.

Cylindrical grinding machines are used in various enterprises. They process wood, plastic, stone, metal. Depending on the type of abrasive material chosen, different types grinding (rough, finishing). You can make the device yourself. It is suitable for grinding small parts, sharpening tools.

Cylindrical grinding machine - equipment for roughing and finishing the outer surface of parts. Design features allow you to work with workpieces of various shapes: cylindrical, conical, straight. As a working tool, diamond and grinding wheels are used.

The low grain size of the machining tool provides a slight roughness of the contact zone and high work accuracy. When using machines for industrial purposes, workpieces undergo primary thermal and mechanical processing, so the allowance is minimal.

The capabilities of machines are limited by performance. On standard equipment, it is impossible to work with parts whose taper exceeds 6º. The design of modern devices allows processing the outer surface of any workpiece due to the device of the front and grinding headstocks that can rotate around their axis.

As a rule, cylindrical grinding machines are used at the finishing stage of processing.

Types of cylindrical grinding equipment

In the process of developing metalworking technology, the production of the following types of cylindrical grinding machines was launched:

1. The classic type involves the installation of the workpiece in the centers. The role of the clamps is performed by the front and rear headstock. With the start of work, the part begins to rotate due to the drive of the apparatus. Removal of metal occurs upon contact with the surface. The method of removing metal chips depends on the model of the machine.

Similar models are popular with various repair shops. For example, this equipment is used to grind the crankshafts of internal combustion engines.

1. The centerless design is considered universal, since the workpiece is mounted on a special carriage. On the one hand, it is fixed in order to avoid displacement of the part during processing. An auxiliary circle is used as a fastener. Grinding is performed on the reverse side of the part. This allows you to work with hollow cone-shaped products.

CNC cylindrical grinding machines deserve a separate description. Process automation increases work productivity by reducing the role of the equipment operator. In addition, the quality of processing increases significantly, since automatic feed increases the accuracy of work - the indicator of permissible error does not exceed hundredths of a millimeter. Software control reduces the likelihood of marriage.

Device and design features

The device of cylindrical grinding machines depends on the working materials and quality requirements for finished products. The following accuracy classes of devices are distinguished:

• increased accuracy;
• high precision;
• especially high precision.

Machines are used to process various materials: from cast iron, steel and alloys based on them to high-strength materials - polycrystalline diamonds and cubic nitrides.

Consider the design features of various devices and the most common layout options.

Working nodes

Regardless of the type of execution, the main elements of cylindrical grinding machines are:

• bed;
• Desktop;
• grinding and headstock;
• control mechanisms.

The drive to the spindle is mounted in the headstock, and to the wheel in the grinding headstock.

The main element of the control mechanism is a push-button station. Flywheels are responsible for the manual movement of the desktop and the headstock, which are controlled using the following handles and stops:

• fast feed of the headstock;
• movement of the quill;
• desktop speed adjustment;
• disabling the automatic movement and reverse of the table.

In addition to the above components and parts, the following elements play an important role:

1. Grinding grandma. Differs in rigidity of a design. Depending on the layout of the machine, it can be a fixed or movable element. It contains a spindle mounted on hydrodynamic or other supports.
2. balancing mechanism. Reduces oscillatory processes during the working cycle. There are models with both manual and automatic balancing of the machine.

Automatic balancing is carried out using a switchable spindle stiffness or additional balancing weights.

1. Tool editing mechanism. Adjusts the shape of the contact tool and maintains its functionality.
2. Feed unit. Responsible for the movement of the grinding wheel.
3. Rear grandma. It is one of the design elements of machine tools for which the working location of the workpiece is the installation in the centers.
4. Lunettes. Special supports for working with long parts.

Possible layout options

The most common layout methods for cylindrical grinding machines are:

• cartridge;
• center;
• centerless.

An important factor is the presence of a second table. In centerless models, the shoe is a fixed element.

In some devices, the support knife is mounted on the slide of the headstock. In this case, it moves simultaneously with the grinding tool relative to its axis.

Fixed knife models have found their way into automatic assembly lines. They are valued for their high quality characteristics, because such an arrangement ensures the stability of the axis of the workpiece, regardless of the state of the grinding tool of the machine. The design of such equipment is characterized by high technological complexity due to the movable headstock and the mechanism for moving it.

Principle of operation

There are several ways of external processing, which depend on technical parameters metalworking equipment.

In repair shops, the longitudinal grinding method is most often used. In this case, the workpiece must be fixed in the centers of the machine. The electric motor drives the headstock together with the fixed object. Longitudinal movement is performed by the feed mechanism, changing the position of the workpiece relative to the grinding wheel.

In addition to longitudinal grinding, the following processing methods can be performed on modern devices:

1. Deep. The amount of allowance in one pass can reach 0.4 mm of metal. The impact on the surface is carried out by the conical part of the tool.
2. Mortise. This technology involves the use of wide grinding wheels for roughing or finishing work. During processing, the position of the workpiece relative to the circle does not change.
3. ledges. The method combines deep and plunge grinding. This allows you to process products of complex shape.

Important equipment parameters and specifications

The main parameters are indicated in the manufacturer's passport. These include:

1. Electric drive power. The performance of the device depends on the value of this parameter. The unit of measure is kW.
2. Voltage. Defines the scope of use. Compact models for domestic work operate from a home network with a voltage of 220 V. Industrial machines operate from a voltage of 380 V.
3. Desktop dimensions. Limit the dimensions of the processed workpieces.
4. The maximum diameter of the grinding wheel. Its dimensions are determined by the interstate standard.
5. Nominal number of revolutions. The speed of rotation of the tool depends on this indicator.
6. Availability of CNC and precision processing. Numerical control allows you to increase the accuracy of the work performed, but the cost of such devices is quite high.

What to look for when choosing a circular grinding machine

At the stage of equipment selection, it is necessary to pay attention to the standard equipment and the possibility of its modification.

As an example, consider the R-grind 1660 CNC cylindrical grinder. The standard package includes:

• linear scales of the X axis;
• grinding wheel with flange;
• diamond pencil for editing a circle;
• a set of auxiliary tools;
• carbide center;
• hydrostatic bearings on the spindle;
• coolant supply system;
• hydraulic oil cooling system;
• work area lighting.

The supplier offers the following items as additional equipment for the machine:

• device for internal grinding work;
• set of driving mandrels;
• lunettes;
• self-centering chuck;
• stand for balancing the grinding wheel;
• device for automatic wheel balancing;
• control measuring sensor;
• coolant filtration system.

Modification of a cylindrical grinding machine can increase the final cost by 20-30%.

External surface grinding machines are a sought-after product in the metalworking market. The presence of CNC allows you to increase the accuracy and productivity of work, but increases the cost of production. Do you think it makes sense to buy a CNC machine for a small workshop or would such a purchase be inappropriate? Write your opinion in the comments.

There are many different metal processing equipment that can be used for surface grinding. Grinding - mechanical restoration, which allows you to change the surface roughness and shape features of the part. Some models can be called universal, their purpose is to grind parts various shapes. The most widespread are circular grinding machines, the purpose of which is to grind cylindrical workpieces.

Purpose

Cylindrical grinding machines are used to process the outer cylindrical surface, the workpiece is fastened in the centers and in the chuck. In this case, longitudinal and transverse feed can be carried out to achieve the desired result. Universal option performance suitable for various sizes, some types can be used in industry to obtain particularly large parts.

During work universal machine with centers, the direction of rotation of the workpiece is opposite to the direction of rotation of the abrasive material. Similar models can be used in various types production.

It should be noted that the circular grinding machine is used at the final stage of production. Centerless and other types of models carry out grinding after turning, milling, drilling and so on.

Main settings

When choosing equipment, one should take into account its type, which determines many important grinding parameters. The main parameters include:

1. Possible sizes of the installed center. In the case of a centerless model, the size of the table can be an important indicator.
2. The diameter of the circle and the speed of its rotation. Universal versions can be used to obtain parts of various shapes, they can be conical.

The passport contains all important information. The drawing and the passport allow you to determine which specifications has a design. Drawings are drawn up taking into account GOST, like a passport.

The above information should be taken into account when choosing a model, the scheme of the cylindrical grinding machine reflects all its features. Therefore, to determine important points drawings and a passport drawn up in accordance with GOST should be considered.

Classification

Certain points indicated in the drawing and passport determine the following classification of grinding equipment:

1. Universal have a rotary desktop, it is possible to rotate the workpiece and the grinding wheel itself. The universal version is supplied with an additional headstock.
2. Simple ones allow you to process only certain workpieces.

Numerical control allows several times to increase the degree of automation of work. In doing so, we highlight the following points:

1. High grinding precision. The mechanism that is used to fasten and feed the wheel, with automatic feed, allows you to obtain dimensions that can have a deviation of only a few hundredths of a millimeter.
2. Significantly improved performance. Most of the stages of the technological process are performed automatically, which means that they do not require operator intervention.
3. Reduces the likelihood of marriage. By reducing how many steps a person goes through, you can reduce the likelihood of problems.
4. Costs are reduced due to the fact that one operator can serve several jobs.

The CNC cylindrical grinding machine is quite rare, as it is used in rare cases in large-scale and mass production. The cost due to the inclusion of a numerical control system in the design increases significantly, so it should only be used for large-scale production.