Laying foam block walls - from installing the first row to installing the floors. Construction of walls from foam blocks - the nuances of proper masonry How to lay masonry from foam blocks correctly

Foam concrete is a material that is produced on the basis cement mortar and foaming additives. The material may also contain ready-made foam made from foaming agents. Laying foam blocks is not accompanied by too many difficulties due to the low weight of the products. The work will be completed in a shorter time when compared with conventional brick, which is due to the impressive dimensions of lightweight concrete.

The structure of the foam block is porous and therefore it absorbs moisture like a sponge.

Features of laying foam blocks

Foam concrete is chosen not only because it is quite easy to work with, but also because of its outstanding characteristics. Thus, walls made of this material have excellent heat-saving and sound-proofing qualities. The material has a closed-cell structure, which prevents moisture from penetrating inside. The walls have the ability to withstand significant temperatures and fire, which is important in the construction of residential buildings. After construction is completed, you don’t have to worry about the walls deteriorating or rotting.

Types of foam blocks depending on filling.

During the masonry process, it is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the products; the blocks can be easily processed by drilling, planing and sawing. Thus, it is possible to arrange geometrically complex components of the structure, as well as carry out construction taking into account any angle of inclination of the roof.

Masonry technology involves taking into account insufficiently high strength indicators of the material. That is why it is necessary to supplement the structure with a reinforced concrete frame of strength, which will increase the reliability of the building. The floor panels will rest on this system.

Some believe that a house built from foam concrete blocks can only be faced with brick. However, this belief is wrong. You can use siding, tiles, stone in natural or artificial forms as cladding; vapor-permeable plaster is also suitable.

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Technology of working with foam blocks

The masonry process is most conveniently carried out with blocks whose dimensions are 200x300x600 mm. If you plan to build walls from this material, then a strip monolithic foundation, arranged on a sand cushion, can be used as the basis for the house. This is due to the fact that the blocks do not have significant weight, which could subject the base to significant load.

When laying foam blocks in the basement area, it is recommended to use products with a more impressive density, which is equal to 700 kg/m2. Afterwards, waterproofing and insulation will need to be installed.

For laying blocks, you should use a special glue, which is a dry mixture of cement, fillers and additives that increase water resistance, strength, frost resistance and ductility. This adhesive composition is convenient to use, easy to apply and apply. On the other hand, there is an opinion that to carry out work using such glue, the master must have certain skills, so it is recommended to turn to professional masons.

Foam concrete blocks in the first row must be laid on a layer of waterproofing, which can be roofing felt.

If the base is uneven, it should be leveled with a solution. It is necessary to start working from a corner; the technology requires constant alignment of the position of products horizontally and vertically. To do this, use a plumb line and level.

Laying the foam block in the second row must be done by forming the correct seam; for this, the mixture should be laid in a layer of 2-3 mm, while the width of the strip should be equal to the equivalent indicator of the block. First, the mixture must be applied to the vertical side of the previous foam block, which will allow the formation of a butt seam, only after the glue is applied to the horizontal surface. All rows should be laid with bandaging, as when working with ordinary bricks. This guarantees higher wall strength.

Leveling the surface should be done using a construction float. It is necessary to ensure that there are no level differences between products. Otherwise, cracks will form. Load-bearing walls can be connected using anchors or dressings.

When arranging partitions, you should use a slightly different method of carrying out work. Unlike the construction process load-bearing walls products here must be laid not on the base, but on the surface of the gasket, which will reduce the transmission of noise to the partition.

The peculiarity of the technology for laying blocks in the first row is that you should use cement mortar, not glue, and the layer should also be equal to a thickness of 2-3 cm. You can use ordinary mortar when building a wall if the base has minor deviations. This also applies to the blocks themselves, which could have been manufactured not in a factory, but at their own construction site.

If foam blocks are laid using glue, this will eliminate the occurrence of cold bridges, whereas using a solution it is difficult to achieve such an effect. That is why it is recommended to level the foundation before carrying out work. The absence of cold bridges is achieved due to the uniformity of the wall, which has seams of insignificant thickness. In addition, the process using glue will take much less time than in the case of a solution.

The foam blocks are laid in such a way that there are no voids left in the seams. This can be achieved if the glue is distributed using a notched trowel.

If the foam block is laid using cement mortar, then the products must first be wetted. When preparing such a mixture, it is necessary to use cement and sand in a ratio of 1:4.

If you decide that you cannot cope with this type of work, then you need to seek the help of professional developers. The cost of installation work will not be excessively high and will be limited to 1000-2000 rubles. for 1 m 3.

To carry out the work you need to prepare:

• notched spatula;
• glue;
• construction float;
• reinforcing mesh;
• waterproofing;
• plumb line;
• level.

The question of how to lay foam blocks interests many. It is relevant because this material has long gained well-deserved popularity in individual construction. The combination of efficiency, high strength and good thermal insulation properties with ease of use - these are the components of the success of foam blocks. But, as is known, even from the very best material You can put down a worthless wall. Therefore, the question should be posed as follows: “How to lay foam blocks correctly?”

In terms of its size, each such block can replace eighteen single bricks or thirteen one-and-a-half bricks. And this despite the fact that it weighs less than a single brick. This greatly simplifies and at the same time speeds up the process of erecting a structure made of foam blocks. And yet you shouldn’t delude yourself: without strength and patience, a builder, even knowing how to lay foam blocks, will not achieve anything close to an ideal result.

According to manufacturing technology, these blocks are divided into cast and cut. The first ones are cast by filling molds with a foam mixture; the latter are dried in an industrial oven, after which the resulting monolithic piece is cut into blocks by string saws. But that’s not the only thing that makes them different.

When cutting foam blocks, the tolerance is in the range of 1-2 mm; when casting it is slightly larger. But these millimeters matter great importance in how to lay foam blocks. Cast products are held together with cement-sand mortar, while cut ones are held together with a special adhesive mixture, which requires significantly less than cement and sand. The adhesive mixture, like the foam block, is a heat insulator, which means that the notorious ones are excluded. (By the way, in the absence of the required composition, you can easily use low-temperature-resistant adhesive used when laying tiles.) In addition, the upcoming work on the external and interior decoration a wall with excellent geometry thanks to the cut material.

However, there is no alternative to the use when laying the very first row of foam blocks on the foundation. Here he is truly irreplaceable. Its first layer on the foundation is covered. Then the mortar is placed again, and blocks are placed on it.

If you look at how to lay foam blocks, you can notice another unshakable rule: no voids in the seams! To ensure that they are avoided, the blocks of the top row are ground with their bases against the bottom row until a small amount of the adhesive mixture is squeezed out on the sides of the masonry. After this it is applied to side part already installed block, and the newly laid one is pressed against it. Upon completion of laying the row, all excess adhesive is carefully removed.

Often, along with the question of how to lay a wall made of foam blocks, they also ask: “Does it need to be reinforced?” Of course. This will increase the stability of the wall and additionally protect it from cracks. Since reinforcement cannot be achieved when using masonry glue, the situation can be overcome by cutting grooves (grooves) directly into the foam blocks. A grinder or circular saw is suitable for this work.

The operation is simple, since the ease of processing foam blocks is well known. Reinforcement is placed in the grooves. Reinforcement is performed every 3-4 rows.

Upon completion, a special reinforced belt 15-20 cm high is poured with concrete onto its last row. Its function is to uniformly distribute the loads from the floor slab laid on top.

Having studied all of the above, you will be able to build a wall of foam blocks yourself, without hiring expensive specialists to carry out the work.

One of the most profitable and therefore popular types of masonry materials are blocks made of cellular concrete. Laying foam blocks, which have a low density (weight), regular rectangular geometry and impressive dimensions, is done quickly and does not present much difficulty. How to correctly lay walls with foam blocks, what additional materials and tools will be needed - you will learn about this by reading the article.

About foam concrete blocks

If you decide to build walls with foam blocks, you need to choose the right building material. Building structural units made of porous concrete in most cases have dimensions of 60x30x20 cm (length, width, thickness, respectively), although other dimensions are possible. When choosing a building material, you should pay attention to the uniformity of the structure, the correctness of the geometric shapes, the presence of chips, broken corners, and other damage. Quality building blocks must be free of visible defects.

Standard blocks are produced with a continuous structure and a smooth surface on all sides. Larger foam blocks may have technological voids, side pockets for easy hand grip, and tongue/groove type joint locks. These elements make the building material lighter and make it easier to work with it yourself

In addition to the main masonry blocks, you will need special U-shaped foam blocks for the construction of a reinforcing reinforced belt, the total length of which should slightly exceed the perimeter of the building for one-story construction and two perimeters for the construction of two floors (the first reinforcement of the structure for the interfloor ceiling, the second for the roof structure).

Additional materials

High-quality laying of foam blocks involves the use of the following materials:

• masonry mortar;
• reinforcing mesh;
• reinforcing steel bar;
• waterproofing agents.

Masonry solutions

Above the first row, a ready-made polymer-cement mixture is used for laying foam concrete, sold in paper bags of 25 kg packaging. To prepare a working solution (construction adhesive), just mix the mixture with water in the proportions indicated on the package with a hand-held construction mixer.

Important. For laying foam blocks, it is necessary to use only special glue intended for these purposes. It is incorrect to use polymer-cement mixtures for other purposes (for installing tiles, polystyrene slabs, mats basalt insulation and so on.).

To lay the first row of foam concrete, you will need a classic cement-sand mortar in a ratio of 1:3. Often, a lime version of the mortar is used for this, when a third part (by volume) of slaked lime (paste) is added to the cement-sand mixture.

Reinforcing materials

Foam concrete has good compressive strength, but its fracture and tensile strength characteristics require additional reinforcement. For this purpose, reinforcing masonry mesh and reinforcing steel rods are used. They are not mounted continuously. Fiberglass mesh should be laid between the blocks in 3-4 rows, and steel reinforcement (rods with a diameter of 8-10 mm are used) in places of greatest load (corners, openings). If it is necessary to construct a reinforcing belt, you will additionally need steel reinforcement and tying wire to create a continuous reinforcing structure.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing materials are needed to create a moisture barrier between the foundation (basement) and the first row of foam concrete. Considering the porosity of wall building materials and the ability to actively absorb moisture, in this case there are increased requirements for waterproofing. Double protection is usually used - first a layer bitumen mastic on the surface of the base, then 2-3 layers of rolled waterproofing material (roofing felt, waterproofing material, etc.)

Tools and devices for laying foam concrete walls

Considering the peculiarity of laying foam concrete blocks, you will need an appropriate set of special and general construction tools. The first include:

• specific plastic trowels with a comb (can be replaced with a regular notched trowel);
• wall chaser for making longitudinal recesses on the surface of foam concrete;
• hand saw for cutting and fitting blocks;
• flat sanding boards for removing large and small irregularities and protrusions;
• a square to facilitate precise cutting of cellular building materials;
• hammer with rubber working part;
• small paint spatula.

General construction tools that will be useful when laying foam blocks with your own hands include:

• bubble level;
• laser level (water level);
• strong thread or fishing line;
• a construction mixer or drill (perforator) with an appropriate attachment for preparing construction adhesive.

To lay the first row you will need an ordinary trowel, a container for preparing cement-sand mortar and available tools. If you have a concrete mixer, the solution is prepared in it.

Technology of laying foam concrete blocks

By the time the construction of foam concrete walls begins, a foundation must be built. The first mandatory action should be the creation of a water barrier between the base of the building and the future wall. To do this, the contacting surface of the foundation is generously covered with a coating containing bitumen, after which several layers of roofing felt are laid. Only after creating a reliable waterproofing barrier is the masonry of walls made of foam blocks, which includes several technological processes.

First row

The foundation surface is rarely ideal, differing in horizontal projection by 1-3 cm, and sometimes more. The task of the foam blocks laid in the first row is to create a surface that is as horizontally level as possible, allowing subsequent laying of building materials with a minimum of seams using polymer-cement glue.

Before installing corner blocks, you need to determine the degree of deviation of the foundation surface from the horizontal, for which a water level or a laser level is used. A cement-sand mortar is prepared, which can be used to adjust the thickness of the seam. The greater the difference between different sections relative to the horizontal plane, the thicker the solution becomes.

The block is placed first at the highest corner of the foundation, and the smallest possible masonry joint is formed. Using control of the horizontal level, the remaining corner elements of the masonry are then laid. As a result, the surface of the foam blocks laid in the corners should correspond as much as possible to one horizontal line, while the blocks themselves must be leveled in all projections.

On a note. Forming the corners of the first row is a very important task, the result of which determines further work, so there is no need to rush, and if errors are detected, it is better to redo it.

After making sure that the corners are positioned correctly, cords are stretched between them, which serve as a guide when laying the order. Vertical seams, even when forming the first row, are closed with glue, so it is necessary that the master has both solutions and the appropriate tool at hand.

Second and subsequent rows

In the future, during construction, only assembly adhesive is used. For better adhesion (gluing) of foam concrete surfaces, they must be cleaned of dust as much as possible and coated with a thin layer of mortar. Only after this is glue applied, a uniform layer is formed using a comb and the masonry elements are pressed. Masonry adhesive is very flexible, so excessive force is not recommended. The blocks gradually shrink until required level lightly tapping with a rubber mallet.

Another feature of the adhesive mounting solution is the long initial setting time (1-3 hours depending on the humidity of the material, the consistency of the glue and the air temperature), so the blocks are laid in one row around the perimeter. The next row of blocks is placed after the glue in the previous seam has set.

When forming seams, some of the glue comes to the surface. The solution should be removed immediately with a spatula. If the glue is not cleaned off very carefully, by the time the next row is laid, the solution dries out and forms unevenness on the masonry surface, preventing the formation of a thin horizontal seam. To remove glue tubercles, you should have a special board with an attached abrasive on hand.

If necessary, cut off a fragment of a block, use a special hacksaw and a square. The latter allows you to create a cut surface geometry similar to the factory one. If problems arise with the evenness of the cut, it is more advisable to direct the cut edge towards the openings (here small unevenness is not a problem, and besides, they can always be straightened upon completion of the masonry).

Masonry reinforcement

It is believed that the reinforcing mesh placed in every 3-4 masonry joint sufficiently strengthens the wall structure erected with foam concrete. It is not recommended to lay reinforcing fiberglass mesh less often; it is possible more often, but it is not advisable in terms of excessive consumption of reinforcing material and slowdown of work. The reinforcing mesh is laid like this.

1. The surface of the previous row is cleaned and the resulting dust is removed.
2. The surface is coated with a thin layer of glue, on top of which a mesh is laid.
3. Glue is applied to the reinforcing fabric and a uniform layer is formed.
4. The next row of blocks is laid.

When laying in this way, the reinforcing mesh appears in the thickness of the seam, strengthening both adjacent rows of foam blocks.

For large-scale construction, it is recommended to use steel rods instead of mesh using the same laying pattern. In order to lay the rods in the previous row of foam blocks, grooves (grooves) are made in their surface using a special wall cutter. The depth of the longitudinal recesses should be sufficient to ensure that the rods do not protrude above the masonry surface. Two grooves are made with a distance of 5-6 cm from the edge of the blocks. Before laying the reinforcement, the recesses are cleaned and filled with glue.

Before installing floor slabs or basic roof elements, it is necessary to create a reinforcing reinforced belt. To do this, it is convenient to use U-blocks, which are finished formwork, into which a reinforcing structure is laid and filled with concrete. In the absence of U-shaped masonry elements, a low (12-20 cm) vertical formwork from boards is created on top of the masonry.

The information on how to lay foam blocks with your own hands, set out in the article, will certainly help in practice to construct walls from porous concrete. Watching this video will help you consolidate your knowledge.

Laying foam blocks with your own hands is not such a difficult process, and most importantly, it’s fast. After all, it has a large volume and the space fills up quickly. Today we will look at how to lay foam blocks.

Everything has its own technology and blocks are no exception. In the video in this article you can watch the entire process of completing the work. Instructions will also be provided so you won't miss anything.

Foam block laying technology

Laying the foam block with your own hands is done on a mortar, and you also need to select it. It should be noted right away that if there is no external finishing of the plane, then it is best to use a cement-based mixture. It tolerates temperature changes and high humidity best.

Solutions used

Whether the foam blocks are laid in two rows or one, it doesn’t matter.

You immediately need to decide on the solution:

Cement-sand classic mortar	It is prepared in the following ratio: 1 part cement and 4 parts sand, water, depending on the consistency of the solution. Additional additives can be added to such solutions to improve the basic specifications mixtures. The price of this material is not high; it can be used for laying not very high-quality blocks. But there is also a drawback: due to the wide seams obtained when using such a solution, the thermal conductivity of the entire structure increases.
Lime composition	This solution is used quite often: The solution turns out to be light, it is evenly distributed over the plane and fills the seam; There is also a drawback: it should not be left open; it is better to use it when you are still facing the plane.
Special glue	It is sold dry and before use, water is added to the dry mixture until the desired thickness of the solution is obtained. The thickness of the seams after using a special solution can be within 2-3 mm. Pros: the possibility of obtaining such seams, ease of preparation, good masonry strength, reduced heat loss. Disadvantages: it is advisable to use high-quality compounds; the laying should be trusted to professionals who know how to lay foam blocks.
Tile adhesive	Regular frost-resistant tile adhesive. Tile adhesives are intended not only for laying tiles, but they can be used for laying foam blocks, especially since they can also be used for outdoor work. The technology of laying foam blocks involves the use of reinforcement, which is produced using metal mesh or reinforcement that fits into pre-cut grooves on the surface of the foam blocks.

Laying foam blocks on cement mortars

In principle, masonry on other compositions is no different. The principle of doing the work is the same.

Preparing tools and materials

Tools for laying foam blocks are needed, just like for laying bricks.

And the list is as follows:

• A container for mixing, it is better if it does not have stiffeners. Then you can make a high-quality batch;
• A hacksaw or grinder with a disc, there should be a fine tooth. Then the cut will be smooth;
• You will need a trowel;
• Shovel for mixing the solution.
• Unnecessary buckets, because after the cement mortar they are unlikely to be used anywhere.
• Building level.
• Lacing.
• Rubber hammer.
• Trowel (trowel).
• River sand or mountain sand.
• Cement grade M400.
• Water with soap solution.

Attention: It is also necessary to properly prepare the place for laying. You must move freely. The work will not work on a ladder. It is best to purchase or rent scaffolding.

Preparation of the solution

Since all the tools and Consumables already in place, you can safely start mixing the solution:

1. Dry ingredients such as sand and cement are poured into the container at the rate of 1 part cement and 3 parts sand.
2. First, you should take a shovel and mix the dry ingredients, after which water is added to the mixture in small portions so as not to “miss” the thickness of the solution. At this stage, soapy water or plasticizers should be added to the solution.
3. If you have a concrete mixer, the sequence of actions is slightly different: first, 1 bucket of water is poured into the concrete mixer, then 1 bucket of cement is poured into it. At the same time, the concrete mixer must be constantly running. After the cement and water are well mixed, 3 buckets of sand are added to them. The output should be a solution of the required thickness. If this does not work, you can add a little water or a couple of shovels of sand to the mixture. This will not affect the quality of the solution.
4. During operation, the solution should be stirred regularly so that it does not settle and the mass is constantly homogeneous. To make the work not seem very hard, here are some tips:
5. At elevated air temperatures, the masonry can be constantly sprinkled with water, and upon completion of work, it is advisable to cover the masonry with film so as not to force the drying process.

Masonry technique

When purchasing foam blocks, you need, first of all, to pay attention to the quality, evidence of which will be their appearance.

Attention: You should not take foam blocks made using molding technology if you plan to build not an outbuilding, but a responsible structure. Traces of lubricant remain on such foam blocks, which reduce the adhesion of materials. Blocks produced using cutting technology are better suited for this. They are distinguished by regular geometric shapes and a clean surface.

So:

• The first row of blocks must be laid on the mortar, regardless of what compositions will be used later. This is necessary in order to lay out the first row very well, since the thickness of the seam will allow adjustments to be made for each block.
• Subsequent layers are laid out according to the usual method. brickwork, with mandatory ligation of stitches. This means that the vertical seam of each previous layer must be located at least 20 cm from the edge of the subsequent block. In other words, the blocks are laid out in a checkerboard pattern, making sure that the seams are filled 100%, otherwise required quality, based on the characteristics of the material, it will not work.
• For greater structural strength, do not forget about reinforcement. This also applies to the construction of lintels over door and window openings. They are flooded concrete mortar, having first arranged the formwork and placed it inside the formwork metal carcass for reinforcement.

• The armored belt is built using the same technology: formwork is installed, a metal frame is laid around the entire perimeter and filled with concrete. The height of the armored belt can range from 10 to 20 cm, depending on the area of ​​the foam block building.
• Laying the foam block in two rows or one is done taking into account the dressing. The seam should never be in the same order.
• During the laying process, special attention should be paid to filling the joints. They must be filled as much as possible, otherwise there will be significant losses.
• Mandatory reinforcement is performed every 3-5 rows.
• To evenly distribute the load on the foam block structure, a continuous armored belt is formed on top of the foam concrete masonry, based on concrete pouring.
• Before starting masonry, do not forget about the waterproofing layer. It can be arranged by laying a couple of layers of roofing felt.

• Start laying from the corners, carefully positioning the foam blocks using a building level. Then, between the corners, a rope is stretched, which will serve as a beacon when laying the pier.

Laying foam blocks with glue

If foam concrete blocks are of acceptable quality, then adhesives can be used for their installation.

In this case, the procedure is as follows:

1. Blocks with geometric errors of no more than 1 mm are suitable for laying on glue. This is very important, since the thickness of the seams can be no more than 2-3 mm.
2. As mentioned above, the first row is laid on a cement-sand mortar, and each laid block is carefully monitored. Depending on how level the first row is laid out, the wall will be as smooth as possible. During the laying process, you can use a rubber hammer to place the foam block in its place.
3. Subsequent rows are laid out on glue. The glue is applied to the surface of the blocks using a notched trowel. The layer thickness is no more than 5 mm, which will decrease to 2-3 mm when installing the block. During application, you should ensure that the glue is distributed evenly over the entire surface.
4. During the laying process, it is imperative to control the evenness of the masonry using a building level and a plumb line.
5. Door and window lintels are formed in the same way as in the previous case, using concrete pouring with mandatory reinforcement. The armored belt is formed in the same way.
6. Reinforcement reinforcement is laid every 3-5 rows, and special attention should be paid to the reinforcement of the corners. Considering the fact that the thickness of the seams when using glue is minimal, then after laying the 3rd or 5th row around the entire perimeter, a groove is cut in the center of the masonry, into which the reinforcement is laid and filled with glue. The reinforcement should not be higher than the level of the blocks.

And in conclusion, I would like to say that structures made of foam blocks should not be heavily loaded, and therefore it is better to install lightweight, wooden roofs using lungs roofing materials. This will increase the durability of the foam block building.

The technology for laying foam blocks is not at all complicated. The main thing is to do everything carefully and slowly. Doing the work yourself will be the key to quality; before you start, you should look at the photo and draw up a construction plan. After that you can start.

Foam concrete blocks are becoming more and more popular in construction; they are a good and inexpensive material.

In principle, even one person can build it, and this will require a fairly short time, that is, it will be possible to seriously save on worker labor.

Thanks to these blocks, ample opportunities for interior decoration are provided. The foam block is durable, easy to process, but it is quite fragile.

In order to level the foam blocks, you will need levels and rubber hammers. These blocks need to be cut with special hacksaws and angles. In order to dilute the solution, you need a drill with a special attachment.

To apply the solution to a vertical surface, you need a trowel, and for horizontal surfaces, a carriage; you will also need a wall chaser, a plane, a grater and brushes. The choice of tools for these works is now very large.

Laying foam blocks

According to the rules, you can lay it on several solutions; a solution based on sand and cement is often used, and water is also added to it.

A plasticizer is also added to the mixture; its dosage is indicated on the packaging. You can prepare such a solution yourself, or purchase it ready-made; a factory-made solution is better, but it will only last for 3 hours.

If you knead it yourself, then this can be done in separate necessary portions. If possible, it is better to use an adhesive mixture, but in this case, the deviation in the sizes of the blocks should be no more than 2 mm, in this case, the walls will be smoother and easier to finish.

• Before laying foam blocks, you need to properly prepare the foundation. The blocks must be thoroughly cleaned of dust, and the horizontalness of the foundation must also be checked using a level. Next, the first layer of solution is laid to remove all detected errors.
• The first row of foam blocks must be well protected from moisture. Before starting masonry, you need to install a layer of waterproofing. You can use bicrost; its blocks are laid on the foundation, and another layer of mortar is applied to them, after which the installation of the blocks can begin.
• The waterproofing layer should be slightly wider than the blocks themselves. When laying the first row of blocks, you need to use only cement-sand mortar. First, the corners are drawn, after which the movement continues towards the center of the row.

The outer foam blocks need to be moistened with water. At the end of the row, before laying the cut block, the solution is placed on each end of it. All foam blocks must be checked for horizontalness using a level.

If there are differences, then the blocks need to be tapped using a mallet. All irregularities must be removed with a grater.

All other rows of masonry must also be laid on the mortar using a notched trowel and ladle. The seams must be carefully filled with mortar, checking the horizontality of the masonry; defects are eliminated with a grinding tool.

In order to reduce heat loss, the blocks must be laid in two rows, overlapping the vertical seams. When installing floor slabs, you need to fill in a monolithic reinforced belt up to 20 cm high. This will allow you to evenly distribute the loads with additional insulation, which will help avoid unnecessary heat loss. The insulation must be laid on the outer sides of the building and covered facing material.

For window and doorways Reinforced lintels are poured, and special U blocks with insulation must be used. If you use a solution of sand and cement, you need to constantly water the blocks with water; after finishing the work, cover them with polyethylene.

The second and other rows of foam blocks are laid on the adhesive mixture in one row, and there must be a dressing of up to 12 cm. The adhesive layer should be up to 3 mm for the butt seam, then it is laid on the horizontal seam using a notched trowel.

To simplify the masonry process, establish an order; it can be made from wooden slats. All blocks must be laid motionless and clearly secured, marking the corners, then the cord is pulled along the height of the row, it must be moved as the foam blocks are laid, taking into account the seam.

Foam blocks are durable, but they need to be reinforced to prevent cracks on the walls in the future. The reinforcement is placed in cut grooves filled with mortar; it must be pressed in to avoid corrosion.

If there is no electricity, then they can be cut using a manual wall chaser, while the dust is removed with a brush. If you have electricity, you can use a hair dryer and an electric cutter.

Places for laying reinforcement bars are calculated during design; they are individual for each building. You need to start reinforcing in the first row and do it every 4 rows.

The lintels above the openings also need to be reinforced, and excess mortar removed. In any case, before laying foam blocks, it is important to have a general understanding of this work. You will find more information on the website ostroymaterialah.ru/bloki/kak-klast-penobloki.html.