Forged furniture in the interior of the apartment. Features of forged furniture in the interior. Forging in the bedroom

One of the most profitable solutions for the interior of a house, apartment or office is furniture with forging elements. It is durable, harmoniously fits into most styles. Each item is a unique handmade work of art. Beautiful forged furniture in the interior e associated with rich decoration, it dominates the decor of the room.

Perfectly made products are durable, they are almost impossible to break or damage. There are no cracks, chips, or other defects on forged metal. The only repair needed will be new paintwork. Such an item will last more than half a century. In addition, such furniture does not burn, it is not affected by Sun rays. If ordinary furniture is produced according to standard standard designs, then forged products are unique, since each element, made by hand, reflects the imagination of the master.

Graceful, light furniture fascinates with original patterns, perfect curves, precise forms. Each item is a combination of modern technologies and ancient secrets of artistic forging.

Since all elements of artistic forging are made by hand, it may take more than one week to complete an order for forged furniture. Another disadvantage is the cost forged products which is made up of several factors:

• Type of metal;
• Varnish type;
• The complexity of the sketch;
• Urgency.

Heavy and massive furniture is difficult to move, which means changing the interior will not be so easy. Such an item can not always be installed indoors. For example, if the bedroom area is small, then the wrought iron bed will clutter up the space, creating crampedness. In addition, metal is a material that creates visual and tactile coldness, to soften which it is necessary to use various accessories.

Varieties

According to the type of application, forged furniture can be divided into two types:

• For external use - in the country, in the garden;
• For internal use- in the house, apartment.

The first category includes benches, woodsheds, barbecues, planters. To the second - any furniture in the interior of the house, including accessories. In terms of functionality, there are also two types of forged furniture:

• Performing one or more functions;
• Decorative.

Decorative pieces of furniture are called various coasters, jardinieres, grates for a fireplace and other elements that are not necessary. Depending on how the furniture is made, the term and ease of use vary. Products are solid forged and with forging elements.

For the street

Forged

Such furniture is made of solid solid metal and has a lot of weight. It is stable, does not stagger, there are no welds in it. Solid forged products are more expensive, they always have small dents or flattened edges left from hand hammering. Most often, beds, tables, chairs, umbrella stands and fireplace grates are made in this way.

with separate elements

Products decorated with individual forged elements are a little cheaper. It can be a bathtub stand, forged fittings, a mirror frame, table or chair legs. As you can see in the photo, forged furniture usually has separate patterns, geometric figures, swirls, leaves, flowers.

How exclusive a forged product will be depends on the type of material, technology and the professionalism of the blacksmith. There are 2 types of metal processing: forging and casting. For the manufacture of massive durable structures, casting is most often used. Such products are almost eternal, since it is enough to renew the protective coating to care for them. Lattices, gates, gates, beds are most often made forged from high-quality cast iron.

Artistic forging is performed manually from a metal billet 10-40 mm thick. The most commonly used rods square section. To assemble a bed with an openwork pattern, all elements are processed in a forge, then they are shaped with a sledgehammer and a hammer. And only after that they are connected with clamps and welding into a single whole.

Thanks to modern technologies, do-it-yourself forged furniture can be made in a garage or barn. Now they produce special equipment for cold forging, with which you can do blacksmithing work at home without much difficulty:

• Cut off a strip of metal of the desired width;
• Bend the metal rod at the desired angle;
• Make holes for rivets;
• Round the rod;
• Twist the spiral, curl, screw.

Having made everything necessary details, you can mount any thing using a puncher and a welding machine. Of course, the cost of such an item will be several times cheaper than furniture made by hand with hot art forging by a professional blacksmith.

Selection rules

Previously, only rich people used such furniture, since they can afford expensive thing the common man was incapable. Today, various forged items are increasingly coming into use. These products are always fashionable, combined with almost any style and interior. However, there are several rules by which it is necessary to choose forged items.

1. First of all, you need to decide for what purpose the product is purchased: for permanent use or as decoration. In the first case, it is a bed, chairs, armchairs, tables or coffee tables. As a decor, a frame for a mirror, candlesticks, a hanger in the hallway are suitable;
2. Hand-forged furniture always costs more than standard stamped pieces. Handmade can be identified by the presence of small dents or narrowed edges on the product. Such marks are left by the hammer during forging. In handmade products there are only natural inserts made of wood, glass, mirror or stone. In stamped furniture, most often there are plastic inserts;
3. Another criterion when choosing products is the material from which they are made. There are items made from hollow pipes and from solid metal. For example, if the bed is unstable, staggers, weighs a little, then it was made of pipes. Such an item can only be taken if it is attached to a wall, floor, or will be moved frequently;
4. There are no welds in high quality handicrafts;
5. Before purchasing an item, you should pay attention to its shape. Qualitatively forged parts have a straight, clear geometry. During manual work, all elements are well fixed, at the joints they have uniform influxes. If the product has cuts, curved edges or swollen places, then such an item should not be purchased, as it is made of poor quality;
6. Real forged furniture for the home, made by hand, is necessarily very heavy. When choosing, you need to pay special attention to this, since such an item will be durable, reliable, and will last for decades;
7. When choosing a forged item, you need to decide in advance where it will stand. A coffee table can be placed between the chairs, and a large mirror in a wrought iron frame is best suited for a hallway or bedroom.

How to correctly fit into the interior

In country houses, cottages used country furniture in Provence style to create the interior of a chalet, country house. For decorating such a house, furniture with wrought iron elements is suitable. It will give the room originality, individual style. If earlier people believed that such items are more suitable for use on terraces, cottages, courtyards, now forged products successfully decorate living rooms and offices. The bedroom looks stylish bed with curlicues and flowers.

Regardless of the size of the room, things forged from metal attract attention. Forged accessories are good where you need to hide some interior elements.

IN country house original wrought iron furniture in the Provence style with twisted patterns will look great: leaves, flowers or an abstract theme. Metal entourage fits most styles. It will look great next to spectacular classic interior items. Affectionate Provencal style, edged with wrought iron furniture, will sparkle with new colors. Any thing with forging elements in an industrial loft style will look peculiar. Smooth, streamlined lounge style will be decorated with delicate forms of forged coffee table with transparent oval top.

However, there are several styles with which furniture with forging elements is not combined. If the room is decorated in minimalism, then the presence of elements with curls, bends will practically negate the style itself. Chopped strict high-tech is in no way combined with the original elegant forms and smooth lines of forged products.

Photo

Forged furniture looks elegant and noble in the interior. Its charm lies in the grace and apparent lightness. Smooth lines are combined in an incomprehensible way with lace patterns and embossing, thus forming a single whole.

Graceful forged decorative elements are appropriate in the design of rooms with different functionality. There is a place for them in a solid fashionable living room, cozy bedroom or kitchen. They look no less impressive in the hallway or office.

Forged elements - a universal solution for rooms designed in different styles. Vintage, provence, hi-tech are especially conducive to the presence of metal decor. Curved legs, ornate frames, candelabra and candlesticks, framing for lamps - not all options.

Metallic lace is also appropriate when mixing styles, especially when an identical material is chosen for the manufacture of furniture.

Vintage elements of the sofa and armchairs look organically next to the table, devoid of any frills.

Forged furniture - a godsend for small spaces

An elegant hanger will become a spectacular decoration. If desired, it can be easily supplemented with an umbrella holder, an openwork shoe stand, and other functional elements.

Forged furniture is also relevant in small kitchens or bedrooms. Seemingly light and weightless, durable, stable furniture is a real find for small apartments. Its beauty is also in the fact that metal is effectively combined with glass.

Brutal metal organically fits into the bedroom. From under the hands of masters come various appearance and functionality forged elements for beds.

The intricacies of patterns, the elegance of lines and the deliberate lightness of the design can bring romance to the atmosphere. The presence of other furniture, designed in the same style, only enhances the effect.

Hand forged: when every detail is exclusive

The beauty of furniture with elements of artistic forging lies in its elegance and ability to be combined with various materials. If desired, you can choose not only the pattern, but also the color. Bronze, silver, gilding - not all options.

Thin, graceful, weightless - this is the impression when you consider forged furniture. Heavy metal in the hands of a skilled craftsman, it acquires curved smooth lines, becomes light and airy. Forged items, like lace, are easy to weave into almost any interior.

Forged furniture fits well into the interiors of a wide variety of styles. Provence style is simply unthinkable without such furniture.
The underframe and legs of chairs, shelves, lamps can be decorated with openwork metal.

Furniture in vintage style perfectly coexists with a brutal coffee table, made in an industrial spirit. Both are made of metal, complement each other and are perfect for the interior of the terrace.

The smallest hallway will not look cluttered if you put wrought iron furniture instead of the usual hangers and benches. Its thin and solid base, graceful lines, delicacy will make the interior of the hallway airy and spacious.

The same can be said about small kitchens and bedrooms. In small apartments, wrought iron furniture is just a godsend. Graceful and light, it seems that it is simply weightless, in alliance with glass it works wonders in interior art. AND small balcony And small kitchen will look stylish and spacious with such furniture.

A huge bed on graceful legs with an ornate headboard is a work of art. Brutal metal turns into an intricate pattern in the Art Nouveau style and becomes an interior decoration.

Curved lines, smoothness and softness of patterns, simplicity of material create a cozy and romantic atmosphere in the bedroom. The imagination of the authors and the skill of execution are impressive.

Thin graceful lines of wrought metal permeate this monochrome bedroom, as if someone is drawing out an outlandish and delicate pattern with a thin feather. Everything is chosen harmoniously and with a delicate taste. The bedroom does not look overloaded, the elegance of forged furniture, cornices, lamps and sconces give it lightness.

Forged furniture is quite an expensive pleasure, yet handmade and things rarely repeat each other. But if you are a fan, then it is quite possible to allow a small shelf in the bathroom or under the washbasin.

Metal work is a great opportunity for creativity with its own aesthetics and artistic embodiment of the most daring ideas. Today we are talking about creating a unique elegant interior: forged chairs, tables, beds, any other hand-made furniture will always be the center of attention in any room.

If we add strength, the ability to do it ourselves and the relative cheapness of manufacturing to originality and elegance, we will get the rarest combination of characteristics for modern interior solutions. Therefore, it makes sense to understand, to find best option to start implementing your own design project - any item - you can choose anything for the debut.

This is a starting question that needs to be dealt with right away. Forging can be hot or cold. will allow you to do anything - up to thin metal lace. But it is possible only with a furnace or hearth for high-temperature heating of metals.

For such furnaces, a forge is needed in the form of a separate closed room. It is better not to stutter about the high-level professionalism necessary in this case ... Today we are not talking about professional blacksmith forging, we are talking about methods available to people without special skills. This and ... welding.

Various forging processes.

The most democratic way of manufacturing is, without a doubt, welding. Forged chairs, for example, can be made even in your own apartment, just do not forget about safety. They will turn out strong and cheap, but you will have to forget about aesthetics and sophistication.

There is only one way in which you can make real art furniture without much expense and skill. This is cold forging. The best solution would be a combination of welding and cold forging, these technologies are perfectly combined with each other.

What materials does metal work with?

One of the main advantages of wrought iron furniture for residential premises is the excellent aesthetic and technological combination of metal with other materials:

• Glass. Perhaps the most familiar metal partner for the eye. Glass countertops have been made for a long time. And this is understandable: transparent details allow you to see all the main forged beauty in the form of spirals, curls and metallic waves.
• Tree. A huge number of seating options in chairs, benches, sofas: cold durable metal with warm soft wood are great partners.
• Stone. Stone is a heavy material, but the strength of forged products allows even stone elements to be used. Stone countertops are a special aesthetic with a long history. Great as a natural stone, as well as artificial.
• Leather. Forged chairs, armchairs with seats upholstered in genuine leather will be the main decoration of any interior. By the way, modern artificial leathers are not inferior in appearance to natural samples, but in terms of practicality of use they surpass them. So the choice of skin is the widest.
• Plastic. Previously, they frowned at this word: “cheap”. Today, plastics are serious competitors to any other natural materials, sometimes it even seems that they are winning...

DIY furniture, stages of the main process

Drawing of a bench in the style of artistic forging.

How to make furniture step by step

1. Creation sketch or drawing. The space for creativity is large, but not limitless. The fact is that decorative patterns will be limited by technical capabilities: everything will depend on the availability of those or. But even within these limits, excellent examples can be designed. To decide on your idea, you can view a huge number of examples of forged furniture for every taste in the pictures of any search engine.
2. Procurement of materials. From a technical point of view, the most suitable for welding with forging are rolled metal sheets and metal profiles. For forged decorative elements, you do not need to buy thick rods - patterns from thick rods will not work for you.
3. Manufacturing basic and decorative details. General principle in the manufacture of forged furniture is welding load-bearing structures in the form of frames and backs, if any, with subsequent fastening and reliable docking with the sides.
4. Fastening parts- product layout. The parts are connected by two methods - welding or using special decorative clamps, which are made in advance. Clamps are troublesome, but they are worth it: the furniture looks professional and aesthetically pleasing. Therefore, it is best to use welding for the joints of the main frames hidden from the eye, and connect the external decorative elements with the help of forged clamps. Welding tip: thin-walled tubes should be welded very carefully, they can be easily burned through holes.
5. Final processing. At this stage, you can give full scope to your imagination. Modern coatings, primers with paints make it possible to turn your new products into a unique piece of interior art. For example, a number of polymer coatings help to cope with one of the main drawbacks of metal objects - a cold to the touch surface. Primers will protect the metal from corrosion. Well, paints for metal will allow you to choose not only the most sophisticated color, but also the degree of gloss: for someone a white matte chair, and for someone a green sparkling table. Before priming with painting, it is impossible to neglect the preliminary cleaning of seams and joints.

Wrought iron beds

Of the rich assortment of wrought iron furniture in general, beds occupy a special place in terms of popularity and artistic diversity. The explanation is simple: metal forged beds are much stronger and more durable than any beds made from other materials. Forged beds with their own hands - making them is much easier than it might seem at first glance. Such work will require effort, but it is quite possible to do it without special skills in metal work, and this is the most important thing.

If you decide to do simple design, then it is mounted without problems: there are no complex bent parts in it. The materials for this option will be extremely simple and in the minimum set: the base is made of profile pipe diameter 20 mm, frame - using channels measuring 65 x 32 mm, metal corners and thin sheet steel 2 mm thick for plugs.

Forged chairs - examples of work.

Welding equipment will need the simplest: grinder, welding machine, drill with drills for metal, files, sandpaper, metal brush. If your bed in the project is planned with decorative elements, you will need cold forging machines.

• The first thing in the installation of the bed is always assembly of both backs. Welding of parts is carried out at right angles and with obligatory strict control of diagonals. All this is best done on a flat surface.
• brackets- the most important part of the bed, they bear the main load. They are made of channels and welded with a continuous seam to the headboards. There are two central and four side brackets in total.
• Frame assembly for the mattress. The end metal corners are connected to the tsargs - frames that connect the legs of the bed. It is important to observe the reliability of docking and welding of transverse parts with drawers.
• Mounting backrests and frame start with holes in the frames for the spikes of the brackets. Then the backs are placed vertically to attach the welded frame to them.
• Lattice under the mattress made of steel longitudinal and transverse strips, which are welded to the frame. Leg caps and thrust bearings - floor protection devices - are also welded at this stage.
• Decoration. From the very beginning - cleaning and grinding of all seams and joints. Spare no effort and time for this work: the surface for further painting must be perfect, only then your bed will become the subject of an exclusive design. Before painting, do not forget about priming.

Pros and cons of wrought iron furniture

Tools for artistic forging.

Numerous advantages:

• The first thing is durability, strength, reliability. It does not deform over time, is not subject to damage from insects. Of all the possible types of furniture, this is the most the best option for the discharge of things "for centuries".
• Special and unique aesthetics.
• The ability to give the interior a more expensive and solid look without much investment.
• Forged furniture is out of fashion, when designing it, the question will never arise whether it is fashionable. In addition, it can be performed in a variety of artistic styles.
• The versatility and "partnership" of metal in relation to other materials: natural and artificial materials are perfectly combined.
• Environmental Safety.

We can not ignore the disadvantages:

• Massiveness, heaviness. These properties become a disadvantage only in cases where the owners often move from place to place or like to make rearrangements in the house.
• Wrought iron furniture is not very suitable for small apartments. Of course, wrought iron chairs with a table can be made elegant and visually airy, but they do not fold and require their own space in the apartment. Forged furniture is not very friendly with other interior items, it has its own character.
• Cold to the touch metal surface. This shortcoming can be eliminated with the help of modern polymer coatings.

As you can see, the advantages of wrought iron furniture are much greater than the disadvantages. These products have occupied a special place in interior design for centuries. get busy self-manufacturing metal furniture is a fascinating, creative and very profitable business. We wish you success!

Styling housing with the help of metal furniture, decorations allows you to create a unique design. That is why artistic forging in the interior looks really good and unusual. Stairs, sofas, armchairs, chandeliers - all this is made by craftsmen from iron, copper, aluminum. Their combination allows to achieve strength and original look structures. They can also be used to decorate the courtyard, facades. When choosing suitable models, the main style, dimensions and characteristics of the structures should be taken into account. The color scheme also plays an important role. Many masters process finished models with patina, hammer paint. Non-standard transitions of tones, aging of designs allows you to get stylish models that will be a good addition to ultra-modern and classic design.

The history of the use of forging in the interior

Forge different types products for decorating rooms and facades, craftsmen began in the Middle Ages. But at this time special significance the originality of the designs was not attached. For example, they were characteristic of the Romanesque style in the design of architectural structures. True, they were mostly used because of reliability and durability. From the 17th century, balcony railings, stair railings began to thin out, complemented by various decorations. Often they were decorated with thin silhouettes of vases, vines. This trend came from the Greeks. Later, each type of furniture, decorations is improved according to popular trends. They were mainly used to decorate housing and residences of famous people. For example, many Romanov palaces are framed by unique lattice fences with various patterns. Such designs have survived to the present and are used as examples to follow.

Advantages of forged products

The elegance and attractiveness of artistic forging is its main advantage. Metal mirrors, clocks, furniture allow you to equip your home in an original way. They can be used to decorate any part of the apartment. But also exclusive models have a number of other advantages:

• durability (they are not afraid of moisture, the models are resistant to mechanical damage);
• ease of care (soft rags, pipidastr can be used for cleaning);
• mobility (when moving, it will be possible to take the purchased furniture with you, the only exception is stairs);
• versatility (suitable for rooms with any style, you just need to choose the right model for color, decoration features);
• ease of combination (among themselves, with furniture and interior decorations from different materials).

What styles are used

When choosing non-standard metal decorations and furniture, it is necessary to take into account the style of the interior. The prevailing geometric shapes, patterns will allow you to find suitable models. When searching, you can use the following hint:

• provence;

The model should include thin flower-leaf parts.

• Scandinavian;

Strict geometry, lack of smoothed details are the main selection criteria.

• rococo;

For such a style, products with refined lines, transitions to massive decorations are suitable.

• Oriental;

The finest ornate weaves, wavy transitions are considered the most suitable for this direction.

• loft.

"Rough" transitions, sharpness, the predominance of precise geometric shapes are the main selection criteria for such a style.

When choosing decorated products, you need to take into account compliance with colors the premises in which they are installed. For example, for scandinavian style Suitable for models with white, black, gray colors.

In the living room

The spacious living room is ideal for stylized models with metal decorations. These include chairs, tables, sofas. Also in a spacious room can be installed:

• flower stands (allow you to create a special comfort and harmony, free narrow window sills from pots with plants);
• bookcases for books and souvenirs (provide compact and stylish storage of various trifles, personal items);
• coffee table (suitable for tea parties, storing books and magazines, installing vases);
• chandelier (will complement the overall picture and emphasize the created style of the room).

If the design of the room allows, then it should be supplemented with clocks, mirrors with metal frames and decoration. All selected models must be made in the same style.

Armchairs with metal frames are as close as possible to the design of royal styles. Unusual models can be used for installation in halls, dining rooms. Some are part of a ready-made lunch group, for which the whole family will gather for a meal. Some of them are additions to sofas located in spacious halls. Many models are equipped with armrests. They can be refined or massive. Upholstery has different design. For the manufacture of furniture, jacquard and velvet fabrics are often used. Canvases with patterns in the form of stripes, filigree patterns are ideal. Abstractions and images of animals, people for metal furniture are not used. They look out of place in a composition with a massive frame. Less commonly, leather or suede is chosen as upholstery.

Forged stairs

Wrought iron staircase in the hall completely changes general form premises. It visually expands the space. It is worth choosing the design and type of stairs based on the size of the hall (or corridor), its design. For a small area, an L-shaped staircase, a straight staircase is suitable. But exquisite screw structures are recommended to be installed in spacious halls. The design of the railing must be precisely selected for the style of the room being created. When creating an ultra-modern direction, it is recommended to opt for an all-metal structure. For a classic style, a combination of iron railings with marble steps would be appropriate. For other directions, models with wooden steps are ideal. Taking into account these features will help you choose a staircase with the most suitable design.

In the bedroom

The sophisticated design of the bedroom is easily achieved using metal furniture. It includes a bed, a dressing table with a mirror, shelves for books and flowers. A bench made in a similar style will also help to complement the sleeping bed in an original way. It is important that to create an attractive design, you can replace all the usual furniture, lamps. For example, change ordinary sconces for sconces with metal filigree frames. But the bedside tables can be replaced with a bedside table with a refined frame and a glass top. To bring coziness and comfort to the general appearance of the room, the installation of a coffee table along with a couple of chairs will help. They can be placed near a window or opposite a wall decorated with pictures, a mirror. Such a composition will look elegant and elegant.

The choice of a suitable bed should be based on its size, design. Models with ornate large headboards and footboards have become the most popular. The presence of thin weaves facilitates the design, creating a special comfort. For spacious rooms, beautiful models with a high canopy are ideal. They can be supplemented with curtains from any fabric: dense, light translucent. In rooms close to the royal style, such models are simply irreplaceable. Another interesting type includes beds with a large filigree headboard and massive legs. At correct selection textiles, they will not overload the space or reduce it. Ideal for such models will be light bedspreads with the finest patterns, stripes, silhouettes. But bedding with plants, figures, abstraction must be selected with special attention: most of them will look out of place on metal beds.

In the hall

In the hallway, furniture with metal decoration looks original. Umbrella stands can be installed in the front. A mirror in an unusual metal frame will be a useful addition. For the front, the following available models are also suitable:

• benches;

Replace the usual banquettes, allow you to change shoes comfortably.

• hangers;

Suitable for compact storage outerwear, bags, hats, other things. Models are wall, floor. The former look like a stylized plank with hooks and shelves. The latter can additionally be equipped with a bench, a bench.

• housekeepers;

Used to store home, car keys.

• shoe racks;

May be complete metal structure, complemented by shelves made of wood.

• tables.

They are about 1 meter high. Are applied to a trifle, keys, installation of stationary phones.

In the kitchen

The selection of modern sofas with metal curly legs will help the owners to decorate the kitchen outside the box. They can be complemented by armrests, neat headboards. It is advisable to buy models with leather upholstery. The combination of leather with a metal base looks solid and stylish. The upholstery itself will be easily cleaned of any contaminants, including stains from dyes (coffee, wine, juice). You can decorate the walls in the room with metal shelves. Filigree models will help to make the space spacious. Metal hanging organizers also look good. They can look like a rectangular, round, square ornate platform. Various kitchen utensils are suspended from it. Models are attracted by their original style, ease of cleaning. But you need to take into account their large weight: installation should be carried out using the most reliable fasteners.

Forged partitions

Simple zoning of any room in the home can be done using metal partitions. The interlacing patterns of the separate parts of the divider do not "load" the space. Filigree decor is suitable for the conditional allocation of a recreation area, work. They are used to delimit the dining area into two parts: for cooking, eating. The metal of the partitions can be painted. The most unusual are models covered with golden or silver colors. The effect of antiquity emphasizes the originality of their design. Partitions can be of any shape: trapezium, rectangle, crescent. They can be installed in wooden frames or mounted without add-ons. Ceiling partitions belong to a separate type. They are attached above the thresholds. Non-standard dividers do not take up space. Ideal for creating an oriental design.

Forged cornices in the interior

Multi-layer or regular straight curtains can be hung on metal cornices. Models are suitable for reliable fastening of fabrics with any density and weight. They are attached to the wall. The main types of models are:

• Classic (single, double).

They are metal crossbars for curtains and tulle, only for curtains. Equipped with crocodile clips, rings. Usually complemented with curly tips.

• With front decoration.

They consist of two parts: strips for hanging fabric, voluminous metal patterns. The second covers the top of the fabric and the bottom bar. They belong to a kind of lambrequins.

• With side decoration (single, double).

The basis of the design is similar to the classical type. But from the ends of the crossbar, filigree parts fall down in a wave. They are attached to the wall.

Clocks that include decorative metal parts look appropriate in any room. As additional materials, wood, multi-colored glass, and ceramics are used for them. Craftsmen also make completely metal models. Their indication, dial, frame are made of iron, copper and aluminum alloys. There are metal models of desktop, wall type. The first have a strong frame-stand. The latter can consist entirely of metal parts, equipped with a decorated frame around the body. The sizes and shapes of the models are varied. One of the most popular are "skeletons". All the details in them are well visible. The "skeletons" consist of rods, gears. In spacious rooms, it is recommended to hang large wall models. With limited space, it is better to choose a table clock.