Homemade grinding machine. Independent production of a grinding machine for wood. Homemade disc grinder

Nowadays, there are no surfaces that are not smooth. Smoothness is achieved through various grinding devices. Professional equipment costs a lot of money and not everyone can buy it, moreover, such machines have a fairly high weight and dimensions.

Fortunately, the skilful hands of our country have adapted to produce analogues of equipment for such a modest budget. The grinding machine also did not stand aside and was subjected to a modernization of manual craftsmanship. It is with this homemade machine that we will continue to get acquainted.

There is a huge amount of sanding equipment that makes any wood surface very smooth. It is a frame on which a special frame with an electric motor is located (motors of washing machines are used for homemade products) and a mechanism. The mechanism itself, in turn, includes shafts, pulleys and an abrasive belt.

Application area

They are used in all industries where wood is processed. Often, any draft products have an uneven and rough surface. Such blanks cannot simply be painted and put up for sale or installed anywhere. Therefore, for further processing of wood, all its surfaces can be sanded.

Grinding machines are also used for processing sags and chamfering, rounding corners. In addition, the grinding tool gives any surface smooth alignment and calibration.

Types of wood sanding machine

Depending on the surface to be treated, the following types of grinders are distinguished:

Belt sander

This equipment uses an abrasive belt, which is pulled by two shafts. These shafts are driven by an asynchronous electric motor. The abrasive belt does not sag during wood processing, but rests against the working plane, which has a low coefficient of friction. The tape can be placed both horizontally and vertically. The advantage of this equipment is the processing of long workpieces.

Universal grinding unit

In this case, the machine has two working grinding surfaces. One is tape surface and the other is circular (disk). This universal machine created for the convenience of working on it. By the way, such equipment will significantly save the budget. In such a device, only one engine is used. Based on this, when working on two working surfaces, the load on the motor will not increase much.

Drum grinding tool

In this case, the abrasive tape is wound on two rollers in a spiral manner. Under the rollers is a tabletop with a smooth surface. The gap between the tabletop and the rollers is adjustable to the required distance. With the help of such a machine, it is possible to calibrate the surface of a wood blank.

Disc grinding tool

The working area of ​​this equipment is an abrasive wheel. A circle with Velcro is attached to the axis of the electric motor, on which the abrasive is attached. After starting the motor, the abrasive wheel rotates around its axis, thereby carrying out grinding. This type of machine has the ability to adjust the processing speed, and the number of revolutions of the axis will not decrease.

Each of the four types of machines can perform certain operations. Now that we have an idea of ​​what the grinding equipment looks like, it's time to disassemble the design of the machine.

In addition to the above machines, there are also portable ones. grinders. And that's not all, so as not to spend money on machines, people came up with grinders from a drill, from Bulgarian. The fact is that nozzles are fixed on these tools and the same grinding is carried out.

Tip: If you still decide to purchase a factory grinder, then decide in advance on the work and loads that your machine will undergo, and only then make a purchase. The same applies to homemade tools.

Motor power calculation

Important! Before creating any homemade brainchild that performs grinding functions, it is extremely important to correctly calculate the power of the electric drive. After all, if the motor power is weak or vice versa strong, then you cannot do any work.

The calculation of power is carried out according to a special formula, which belongs to the category of complex mathematical calculations.

The formula looks like this

P=q*S*(K+k)*U/1000*n

Where each designation means the following

1. q - Means the pressure of the processed wood part on the plane of the abrasive cloth (N / square centimeter).
2. k - The index of friction of the wrong side of the abrasive on the working surface.
3. n - The efficiency of the entire system.
4. K - An indicator of the working plane of the abrasive relative to the workpiece. The priority is the density of the tree and its graininess. The limits of this indicator range from 0.2 to 0.6.
5. S - The area of ​​the workpiece that is in contact with the abrasive, measured in square centimeters.
6. U - The speed of rotation of the abrasive, measured in meters per second.

When you calculate the required power of the electric drive of your future unit using the formula, you can safely begin to assemble the machine as a whole.

It's time to get acquainted with the design of a homemade machine. Blueprints all four types of equipment can be found in free access for viewing and download, as well as download all kinds of photo scheme. As an example for visual study, consider a belt sander.

The design of the machine and its schemes

Any assembly of home-made equipment begins with the construction of a frame or foundation for future machine equipment. This can be done with a metal material, or with a wood material. The following dimensions of the frame are used as standard 500 mm x 180 mm, while the thickness should be 2 cm.

After making the base, you can proceed to the next steps. An asynchronous motor can be installed in several places so that its operation is complete. Prepare a plane on the bed itself or make a platform for the motor, which will be attached to the end of the bed. The other side of the bed is designed to accommodate the shaft, with a pulley for a belt and rollers for an abrasive belt. The tape itself is installed with a slight slope. This is done so that the abrasive smoothly and gently comes into contact with the machined plane of the workpiece.

Tip: Before installing the abrasive strip on the rollers, it is necessary to wrap a thin strip of rubber around them. This will reduce strip slip during operation.

As we can see from the diagram and drawing, the design of the grinding equipment is quite simple. All varieties of these machines are assembled according to the same scheme.

Tip: In the process of assembling your future grinding unit, you must comply with all the necessary dimensions, and you must also calculate all the parameters very seriously.

When the design is familiar to us, we can proceed to the assembly process.

The assembly process of the grinding machine

To assemble the grinding tool, you will need the following items:

1. Wood board.
2. Wooden bars or metal profile pipe.
3. Ball bearings.
4. Electric motor.
5. Rubber strap.
6. Rubber belt.
7. Metal pulley.
8. Self-tapping screws, fasteners.
9. abrasive element.
10. Working tool (drill, grinder, screwdriver, jigsaw, etc.).
11. Welding machine (if the frame structure consists entirely of metal).

After we have decided on the materials and working tools, we can begin to assemble all the parts and elements into one mechanism. For this, the frame is assembled. It can be metal (consist of a metal-profile pipe) or wood (consist of wooden bars and solid wood).

When the frame is ready

You can start installing the motor. The motor power must be at least 2.5 kW and not more than 3 kW, with the engine speed between 1200 and 1500 rpm. A pulley for a belt is installed on the motor shaft. The motor is mounted on one side of the frame. Motors are often used from washing machines used at home.

On the other side

A shaft with bearings is located, on one side of which a pulley is fixed, and on the other side a roller, an abrasive belt will be put on it in the future. Shaft pulley and motor pulley must be in a flat horizontal plane. The belt tensioner should be located in the same area.

Coming from wood

Either a stand is constructed from plywood or metal, on which the remaining rollers will be placed and an emery tape is worn. There must also be a tension mechanism. In addition, the presence of a working bar is mandatory, on which the abrasive belt will rub.

On the frame, as a rule, from the end, a start button is installed. Electrical circuit machine must be grounded.

After that

Once everything is done, you can make the first start and configure the equipment properly. When the setting is done, the first workpiece is run and the result of the work is checked. If everything worked out, it means that you did everything right.

For visual clarity and a complete understanding of the entire assembly process, you can download video instructions.

General feedback and summing up

As a rule, there are only positive reviews about this type of equipment on the Internet. Indeed, when in everyday life it is necessary to give this or that wooden thing a smooth surface, then the presence of grinding tools is indispensable.

Video reviews

Video review of a homemade grinding machine:

Video review on the choice of grinding equipment:

Video review of the belt sander:

Video review of eccentric sanders:

1. Machine assembly materials
2. Engine selection
3. Assembly of drums and tape
4. Assembly process

The main function of wood sanders is to finish natural material with abrasive elements. Machines and fixtures of various types can have a wide range of capabilities and allow you to sharpen knives, grind decorative and furniture products, and also perform internal and external polishing of the workpiece.

Ultra-fine polishing, which gives products a perfectly smooth surface, is possible for modern units.. One of the advantages of such equipment is excellent performance and high efficiency both in the rough roughing process and in high-speed grinding.

In production, you can often find a calibrating, disc and oscillating (spindle) type of grinding units. Equally popular are the disc grinder, belt grinder and drum polisher. The kinematics of all grinding devices without exception, whether it be a calibration or polishing sample, is based on the rotation or movement of a wooden part along a straight or arc path and the simultaneous rotation of the working part of the unit, but this applies to stationary machines. If it means hand tool, then we are not talking about the movement of the workpiece, but only the grinding machine moves. Returning to stationary wood grinding machines, we note that it is better to perform high-quality surface treatment of large-sized products on tape samples. Factory equipment is not cheap, so many owners of small home workshops are increasingly interested in how to make a belt sander on their own.

The design of the belt units

To have an idea about the manufacture of a grinding unit with an emery belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:

• abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the bed;
• a pair of drums (drive and tension cylinders). In this case, the kinematics provides for the launch of the leading element with the help of an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
• a metal or wooden table, the first option making it possible to work with more complex details;
• an electric motor with a power of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m / s;
• extractor hood that removes wood dust.

There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are subject to processing on this unit. Every experienced master will confirm that working with the equipment is more comfortable if the processed wooden element is inferior in length to the working surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sander will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, belt units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint and varnish coatings, cope with the processing of edges and ends, polish curvilinear figures and polish a flat wooden furniture element.

Machine assembly materials

Many novice carpenters make a grinder from a drill, but we propose to create an improved tool. Before assembling a belt sander with your own hands, you need to decide on the material for the manufacture of its main components. For example, it is better to make a desktop from thick metal, giving preference overall dimensions canvases within 500x180x20 mm. We draw your attention to the fact that the larger the bed, the more functional it is and the more diverse the details will be, the processing of which is planned.

Table

The production of the working surface is as follows:

1. Cut off one of the sides of the metal sheet.
2. Conduct markup.
3. Three holes are drilled at the end of the cut web, through which the work surface is bolted to the frame.

Engine selection

A home-made wood sanding unit is equipped with an engine, and in this case, an electric drive from washing machine, although you can pick up any motor with a power of about 2.8 kW, capable of averaging 1200-1500 rpm. The drive is tightly fixed in a stationary state to the frame.

Assembly of drums and tape

Now we have to make two drums for a surface grinding unit, for which we need a chipboard sheet, from which blanks of 200x200 mm are cut out and a package with a diameter of 240 mm is assembled. After assembly, the structure is machined to a diameter of 200 mm. The master cylinder is mounted on the drive shaft, and it is he who will set the abrasive material in motion. The tension element is fixed around the axis of the frame on bearings.

Make sure that the tape can easily touch the tabletop, which is achieved by providing a bevel on the side of the drum.

When assembling the drums, do not forget that their inner diameter must exceed the outer diameter by a few millimeters. This is necessary so that the tape is placed in the middle of the cylinder and does not slip off. Now we need a sanding belt, for which abrasive emery material, cut into strips, and then glued together with a high-quality adhesive, is suitable.

Drum grinding unit

Just like industrial designs, household units can have different configurations, although, as noted earlier, their kinematic scheme and principle of operation are similar. Above, we told you how to assemble belt sanding equipment, and now we will find out what to make a homemade drum sander from.

In this case, instead of a stretched abrasive belt, the homemade product is supplied with a disk, shaped like a drum, with which wooden blanks are polished. As in the previous case, this simple type of aggregates is created quickly and without much difficulty, moreover, here we also do not need a complex diagram or intricate drawings.

Assembly process

When building a drum grinder with your own hands, you can use an asynchronous motor from a washing machine, and in addition to it with old typewriter remove pulleys, belt and useful electronic parts. Sanding drums are usually made from cylindrical bars, wooden rings, cardboard or plastic pipe.

Starting to make a wood grinding machine, a segment is cut off from the pipe, equal to the length of the main grinding element, so that it is slightly shorter than the rod, on which it will be fixed in the future. End caps are cut out of a sheet of plywood, equal to the diameter of the pipe, with holes in the middle. The plugs are fixed in the end sides of the pipe with screws.

Now you can install the axis of the rod, fixed with reliable glue. The surface of the pipe is covered with sheet rubber, which will ensure a better fit of the workpiece. The emery cloth is attached in a spiral to the surface of the drum with a stapler, and the grinding drum is ready.

The body and working surface of the unit are made of wood or dense plywood. The movable part of the desktop is attached to the adjusting screw in front, and sits on hinges at the back. The engine is hung on the lower part of the body, where a hole is made in advance, and the drum, made by hand, is attached to the upper part of the frame. The rod (axle) sits on both sides of the bearings fixed to the side posts. At the final stage, pulleys are installed on the axle and the belt drive is pulled. To consolidate the knowledge gained, we suggest watching the video.

Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of the final polishing of the finished product.

This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as bring smoothness and shine to the wood.

Of course, sanding work can be done with a regular piece of sandpaper or a special drill bit or angle grinders. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, various grinding machines were created for such purposes.

Most often, in domestic conditions and in small-scale production, a drum grinding machine is used, the device, the principle of operation and the possibility of making it with our own hands, we will consider in this publication.

1 Drum grinder - device, principle of operation

The drum grinder got its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the function of grinding.

In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give wooden surface perfect smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Drum grinder or any other type allows you to adjust wooden detail to the right size with millimeter precision.

This machine is used for finishing sanding and grading of flat and long wood products, such as wood panel surfaces, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, and so on. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.

1.1 Main components

Drum grinder appearance and the set of main components has no fundamental differences from any other machines.

The basic package of such a device includes the following elements:

1. The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
2. The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed tape in motion.
3. Grinding planer drum, on which the emery belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tensioning mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. The rotating drum with sanding belt directly smoothes the woodwork.
4. Feed drum with conveyor belt. This part of the machine on wood produces independent wiring of a wooden product on the grinding drum. Due to the flat surface of the conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum along its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the desired dimensions.
5. The mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
6. Fixing racks of the grinding drum, equipped with a ruler. The ruler and screw fixation on the racks allow you to set the required thickness, under which the product must be adjusted.
7. The protective cover covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
8. Machine for removing dust and chips.

1.2 How it works

Such a grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part rotates the engine at high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.

The sander can have different weights, different sizes, sanding drum length, conveyor belt length and width, maximum and minimum drum installation height, etc.

Choice technical parameters device depends on the features for which it was purchased.

After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, a non-centered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.

To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feed belt, lower the drum on them and fix them in this position. Next, set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part to be ground.

We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final - the maximum - 3 meters per minute.

The grinding drum should gain momentum, like a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the beam under the drum occurs automatically.

We repeat this action the required number of times until our part comes into the desired shape and acquires the specified dimensions.

If the sides of the product have different size, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.

2 Types of machines

If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: the scope and the functions performed.

According to the field of application, the machines are:

• circular grinding machines. Are intended for processing of the details having round section;
• surface grinding. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
• internal grinding. These mechanisms are used to process internal surfaces products. Drills are often used for this purpose;
• specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.

Different machines can perform different functions:

• pruning and cleaning;
• sharpening;
• grinding.

2.1 We make a drum machine with our own hands

It is difficult to make a drum grinder for raw wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.

To do this, we take a list of necessary elements and look for suitable material and spare parts.

And so, we need:

1. Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table is suitable, to which other elements of the machine can be screwed. It is better if the bed is metal. If you have to use wooden structure, it needs to be qualitatively strengthened with your own hands.
2. Electric motor with a power of 200-300 watts. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. It is better if it is a single-phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, a mechanism from an old washing machine is suitable (in this case, we take pulleys with a belt from it), drills, grinders, etc.
3. Sanding drum for wood. This is perhaps the most important and most complex part of the machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We will talk later about how and from what to make a home-made grinding drum with our own hands.
4. Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The height adjustment mechanism can be made by hand in two versions. The first option is through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it only allows you to work with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws mounted perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by tightening the screws, we will be able to raise the grinding device, releasing - to lower it. In the second option, height adjustment is possible with an accuracy of up to a millimeter.

We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. It's possible, but not necessary. Submission for homemade machines is usually done manually.

2.2 Making a drum

Before proceeding with the manufacture of the drum itself, you need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The fact is that the smaller the size of the cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.

To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the desired length and diameter. It can be a wooden beam with a round section, pvc pipe, metal pipe and much more.

We will consider a PVC pipe as a material for making a drum with our own hands.

1. We take the segment of plastic pipe that is required in size. We also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs that match in diameter with the inner diameter of the pipe, self-tapping screws, rubber, glue.
2. We take the plugs and make holes in them that correspond in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
3. Holes in the plugs must be exactly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to incorrect operation of the machine.
4. We tightly plant the plugs into the pipe and fix it with self-tapping screws.
5. Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude from the cylinder by 2-3 cm on each side. It is she who will act as an attachment to the adjusting racks.
6. We glue rubber on the drum. To her it will be easier to attach the sanding belt.

2.3 Assembling the machine

To assemble the machine you need:

1. Install the racks on the frame.
2. Attach the drum to them so that the height of its rise can be adjusted.
3. Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
4. You can get to work.

2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)

Grinding equipment is used for finishing parts. The machine performs finishing technological operations in the manufacture of wood and metal products. A significant advantage of such a device is the possibility of its self assembly. Homemade unit somewhat inferior in performance to factory models, but much cheaper.

The working principle and characteristics of the grinding machine

Grinders differ from each other in design and scope. general characteristics tool - a similar principle of operation. The working mechanism rotates and the abrasive material grinds the surface of the part.

When choosing finished equipment or making a machine with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account the main characteristics of such equipment:

1. Power. When using the machine at home, a power of 400 watts is sufficient. To perform production tasks, high efficiency and productivity of the unit will be required - at least 1 kW.
2. The speed of rotation of the working mechanism. The grinding abrasive element performs up to 3000 revolutions per minute per minute. The higher the rotation speed, the better the processing quality. Experts recommend using units with an indicator of at least 500.
3. processing area. This parameter is determined based on the scope. The larger the width of the drums or sanding belt, the larger the products will be sanded.
4. Device dimensions. Dimensions are an important parameter, which largely depends on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe workshop or workshop. When self-manufacturing, the machine is designed so that after its installation there is enough space for placing tools, blanks, consumables and other equipment.

Features of different grinding machines

Depending on the configuration of the abrasive unit, the following types of machines are distinguished.

tape device- grinder. The machine is equipped with an abrasive belt, which wears out over time and requires periodic replacement. Using the unit, you can remove a layer of rust from metal, correct the dimensions of the product in some planes, clean and shape wooden parts.

Positive aspects of tape machines:

• universality;
• small dimensions and light weight;
• the possibility of self-production;
• Adjustable belt length for sanding and polishing items of various sizes.

Advice. When equipping belt grinding equipment, it is better to choose graphite abrasives - they are the most wear-resistant.

drum machine works on the principle of a drill. The grinding part of the device rotates from the engine at a speed of about 2000 rpm. The main purpose is the calibration of flat long workpieces. A drum-type unit is more difficult to manufacture, but such a home-made wood grinder will allow you to process slats, shield surfaces made of MDF, chipboard, veneered material and wood.

disk device (plate machine). It is quite possible to assemble the unit yourself, as it has a simple device. Disc machines are characterized by the following features:

• compact dimensions and ease of use for domestic purposes;
• good performance with a powerful electric motor;
• the possibility of polishing workpieces of cone-shaped, spherical and cylindrical shape.

Combined grinding machine - a combination of the functions of flat and cylindrical grinding equipment. One device is equipped with a grinding wheel and an abrasive belt. This option is best suited for small workshops and garages, where the installation of two units at once is problematic.

Homemade belt sander

Accessories for belt type devices

Homemade grinding machine for metal or wood has the following design:

1. The bed is the base of the machine. The working base of the structure is usually made static - it is screwed to the floor. Sometimes the equipment is additionally equipped with wheels for ease of movement.
2. Working platform for the subsequent placement of the electric motor.
3. Electrical engine. As a rule, the drive is installed near the larger diameter drive roller.
4. Leading and driven tension roller. In self-manufacturing, you can use improvised materials made of metal or wood high density. To prevent the tape from rolling off the shaft, the diameter of the central part of the rink should be 2 mm smaller than at the edge. To prevent slippage of the tape on the drums, it is desirable to wind a thin layer of rubber.
5. The belt tensioning mechanism consists of a lever and a clamping spring. The lever is fixed to the frame and the driven tension roller.

Important! For processing steel or wood, paper- or fabric-based tapes are used. Tape width - 5-31 cm, length - from 11 cm, grain size from R-80.

Manufacturing technology of the belt assembly

Homemade belt grinders for wood or metal can be made from the following materials:

• electric motor with a shaft speed of about 1300-1600 rpm;
• steel pipes not less than 2 mm in thickness;
• corners with a section of 50 * 50 * 5, 25 * 20 * 1.5 - the number is determined by the dimensions of the equipment;
• magnetic stand for fixing metal blanks;
• bearing supports, ball screws;
• shafts for fastening the tape;
• rail guides.

Work sequence:

The described type of machine is more suitable for grinding flat metal workpieces.

Homemade drum sander

Drum-type equipment device

The drum grinder belongs to the class of calibration models. The main element of the device is a grinding drum that gives smoothness to wooden surfaces.

Elements of the basic configuration:

• bed;
• engine;
• planer drum with emery tape;
• feed drum with conveyor belt;
• mechanism for adjusting the speed of the drum;
• stands for fixing the position of the grinding drum;
• protective cover;
• dust extractor.

Homemade wood grinder: drawing

Step-by-step instructions for creating a machine

Stage 1. Motor selection. Fits old engine washing machine. Remove the pulleys, belt and electrical part from the equipment. It is desirable to give preference to an asynchronous single-phase electric motor of 200-300 W, 1500-2000 rpm.

Stage 2. Drum making. To create it, a PVC pipe, wooden rings and other improvised items are suitable. A PVC drum kit is made as follows:

1. Cut a piece of the desired length from a plastic pipe with a diameter of 10 cm.
2. Prepare end caps from wood with holes in the center of 2 cm.
3. Fasten the end elements to the pipe with screws.
4. Pass a steel bar 15-20 mm thick through the hole.
5. Stick a rubber sheet on top of the pipe.
6. Using a stapler, fix the sandpaper on the drum.

Stage 3. Preparation of the desktop and bed. The body is made of wood:

1. Wooden canvas "cut" into side panels(2 pcs.), spacer, details of the worktop (base and movable component).
2. Assemble and strengthen the structure with a cross member. The internal spacer will additionally act as a support for the adjustment screw.
3. To be able to control the course of the working surface, its movable element is fixed with a piano loop to the base. An adjusting screw is installed on the feed side of the workpiece.

Stage 4. The assembly is performed in the following sequence:

Stage 5. Fixing the protective cover and commissioning.

DIY grinding tools

In addition to overall machines, small ones can also come in handy in everyday life. practical devices for polishing metal products or grinding some parts. Many of them are quite possible to do with your own hands.

Mini grinder and "polishing" for metal

A mini-grinder is useful for home craftsmen and lovers of alterations - the device is used for high-quality cleaning of surfaces before soldering. Required Parts can be taken from an old Soviet tape recorder.

Glue fine-grained sandpaper onto a wooden round plate. This will be the working part of the grinder. To start the machine, you will need a small motor with a shaft diameter of 1.5 mm and a button. Solder the start button to the electric motor.

A 7 V AC adapter is suitable for power supply. One contact of the adapter is soldered to the switch leg, and the second to the electric motor. Fill the soldering points with hot glue. After it dries, wrap the body with heat shrink or electrical tape. The final stage is the fixation of the working grinding element.

Homemade disc grinder

A disc grinder of low power is useful for turning small-sized wooden products. For the machine shown in the photo, a 90 W three-phase transformer was used, launched through a capacitor. An engine with a speed of 2750 per minute is connected in a triangle with a starting capacitor and reverse. Connections are soldered and hidden in heat shrink.

The base is fixed on four steel rods - if necessary, quickly installed and removed. A mandrel for M14 is attached to the shaft, it is possible to install different nozzles from a grinder.

Safety precautions when working on homemade grinding equipment

When performing work on the machine, it is worth adhering to a number of rules that will help protect yourself and others from possible injuries:

1. Do not touch work surfaces and moving parts with your hands.
2. Protective goggles must be worn during operation to prevent particles of hot scale and abrasive from getting into the eyes.
3. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the reliability of the fastening of the shafts, tape and disk.
4. It is important to control and check the integrity of the wire braid. If the slightest malfunction is detected, work must be suspended.
5. A protective cover must be used. The element somewhat narrows the view, but greatly increases the level of security.

Homemade vertical grinder: video

Wood sanding is an obligatory procedure preceding finishing. To perform the work, special machines are used that operate on a different principle and grind the material in different directions. However, the price of such devices is quite high. For home master it is not always advisable to purchase equipment that will be used from time to time. It is more correct to make a wood grinding machine with your own hands, which will cost much less and will allow you to get a completely effective device.

There are three main designs of wood sanding machines:

• Disk.
• Tape.

• Drum.

1-disc machine 2-belt machine 3-drum machine

Disc machine is a rotating disk, on the plane of which an abrasive (sandpaper) is fixed. Grinding is done by applying the edges or side surfaces of the part to the disk, for which a table or support bar is installed approximately in the middle. This design is optimal for sanding straight or convex edges.

Belt type consists of two drums mounted either vertically or horizontally. One of them is drive, the second is tension. The abrasive is a loop of sandpaper that sticks together according to a pattern. The loop is installed on both drums and stretched. After starting the engine, it forms a constantly moving strip of abrasive. Grinding occurs by pressing the tape to the surface of the part using a special clamp (“ironing”). It moves left and right, ensuring that the sandpaper is pressed against all areas of the treated surface.

drum machine used for grinding concave edges. It is a rotating cylinder of relatively small diameter (6-8 cm), on which the abrasive is mounted.

Most simple designs are disc and drum. The manufacture of a tape machine is much more difficult, but its efficiency is much greater. Such installations allow high-quality grinding of panels and parts of a large area, providing a high surface quality.

To install a tape machine in the workshop, you will need a large area, which must be taken into account when choosing a design.

Features and Specifications

The main feature of wood sanding machines is a specific way to adjust the quality of processing. It occurs by changing the grain size of the abrasive. Usually, the process begins with sandpaper with a large grain, then its size is successively reduced and the procedure is completed by grinding with a fine sandpaper. In total, 2-3 shifts are used, but there may be more gradual methods.

The second feature is the way the abrasive is installed. If a pre-glued loop is installed on the tape machine, then on the disk structures it is necessary to fix the circle of sandpaper to the plane. Best way- the use of Velcro, but the easiest way is to stick the abrasive on the adhesive or double sided tape. The second method is easier, but also more expensive.

Specifications each machine is slightly different from each other.

For disk installations:

• Working body diameter.

• Rotational speed.

For tape machines:

• Tape width.
• The size of the working base (distance between the centers of the drive and tension drums).
• Loop speed.

• The range of movement of the desktop in the vertical and horizontal plane.
• The length of the blank for gluing the loop.

For drum machines:

• Working cylinder diameter.
• Cylinder height.

• Rotational speed.

All these parameters depend on the planned productivity, the size of the installations, the size of the workpieces. It is necessary to take into account the volume of expected work, the size of the parts, the specifics of processing.

Expert opinion

Levin Dmitry Konstantinovich

The cleaner the surface should be as a result of grinding, the better the machine should be made. Beats, bumps and other flaws will cause risks that can significantly degrade the quality of processing.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of grinding machines include:

• Quality and speed of processing.
• High performance.
• The ability to obtain the desired surface roughness.
• The ability to process not only the wood itself, but also the preliminary grinding of the finish layer.

The disadvantages are:

• The release of a large amount of dust, requiring the organization of a dust removal system.
• Large quantities of consumables (abrasive) of several sizes.
• Difficulty in manufacturing and maintenance (this is especially true for tape installations).

Given the shortcomings, before starting the assembly, you need to decide how much the machine is needed. If it is used only occasionally, it is not advisable to spend time on manufacturing - you can get by with a hand tool.

DIY options

Consider how to assemble grinding machines of different types:

Disk

The easiest way to create disk machine- an electric drill fixed on the table with a grinding wheel installed. Another affordable option- production and installation of the grinding disc on the shaft circular saw. In this case, it is necessary to assemble a device to reduce the rotation speed (reducing pulley system or electronic device).

If you need to make a machine from scratch, you will have to assemble:

• A support platform with a support for the electric motor.
• Stand or desktop.

• Disc for the installation of abrasive with the possibility of mounting on the motor shaft.

Expert opinion

Levin Dmitry Konstantinovich

As a rule, plywood disks are made, which are mounted on the shaft using a coupling and threaded fastening. This assembly will have to be ordered from a turner. The height of the table must be such that the disc mount is below its plane.

Tape

To assemble such a grinding installation, you must proceed in stages:

1. Assemble the bed. It consists of two pedestals, on which a drive drum with an electric motor and a drive drum with a tensioner will be installed.
2. Connect the cabinets with a frame on which the desktop will move (horizontally, perpendicular to the movement of the tape).
3. Assemble the worktable lift to adjust the height when processing large workpieces.
4. Make a device for moving the "ironing".
5. Make a protective cover and connect the branch pipe of the dust removal system to it.
6. Assemble the electrical system for starting and stopping the machine (start button, automatic machine, etc.).

The greatest difficulty is the drums for installing the abrasive, the tensioners for them and the system for raising / lowering the table. They will have to be partially ordered from a turner, partially assembled on the spot. It is unlikely to find ready-made nodes, since they are very specific and rarely found on common mechanisms.

drum machine

by the most simple option will be the installation of the electric motor so that its shaft passes through the hole in the desktop. To do this, you need to assemble the frame in the form of a support platform with a stand and a vertical plate. Holes are made on it and the electric motor is mounted. The drum is mounted on the shaft with a threaded fastener. It is easiest to make it from wood, or use a piece from a plastic sewer pipe. Sandpaper is wrapped around the drum and fixed with self-tapping screws or small nails.

In all cases, it is necessary to ensure a low speed of movement of the abrasive. It is necessary to choose electric motors with a speed of not more than 1000. Especially dangerous machines are tape. At high speeds, the edge of the belt can cut through any material and cause serious injury.

Material selection

At home, the easiest way is to make a machine from wood. However, it should be borne in mind that it is light in weight and is not able to dampen the beats of the machine. Therefore, you will need high rigidity of the joints and a strong fastening of the frame to the floor. Another option is a metal frame from a corner, channel or I-beam.

Such a machine is more massive, heavier, vibration and beats will be more easily extinguished. However, you will need welding, cutting blanks and other actions with metal, which is not available to everyone. The final choice is determined by the capabilities and preferences of the owner.

Popular models of factory machines

Consider the most popular models of grinding machines:

Disk (dish-shaped)

Jet JDS-12 220 V

Stationary machine with a massive cast-iron bed. Able to dampen vibration or beats when they occur. Disc diameter - 30 cm. Engine speed - 1400 rpm. Table tilt from +15° to -45° is allowed.

Chinese disc grinder. Compact type, with a disc diameter of 305mm and a power of 800W. The base is made of cast iron. The working table has a slot for moving the stop with the ability to rotate at a certain angle to the disk.

Einhell TC-US 400

The machine of the combined type, combining plate and tape types. Disc diameter - 15 cm, blank for gluing the loop - 914 by 100 mm. The belt speed is 276 mm, the drum speed is 1400 rpm.

Tape

Jet EHVS-80

Vertical type machine (drum axles). Tape speed - 16 ms. Blank for a loop - 116 by 2260 mm. Machine weight - 110 kg;

SHLPS-6M

Stationary sander with horizontal belt. The diameter of the pulleys is 34 cm. Maximum size details during processing - length 2.5 m, width - 1 m. Table lifting height - up to 40 cm. Tape blank - 7470x160 mm. Weight - 670 kg.

drums

Jet JBOS-5 220 V

Drum machine that provides spindle rotation with simultaneous reciprocating motion in vertical plane. Rotation frequency - 1400 rpm, number of lifts - 30 pieces. It is possible to tilt the desktop up to 30° to the horizontal;

Proma BO-25 25000370

Compact grinder with 370 W power. Equipped with a square work table measuring 37 x 37 cm, tiltable up to 45°. Spindle speed - 1400 rpm. Machine weight - 35 kg.

The number of designs and models of grinding machines is constantly increasing. There are new developments with increased capabilities and processing quality. Manufacturers take into account the shortcomings of existing devices and produce more advanced, modified samples.

Care and maintenance

The work of grinding machines is accompanied by the release of large amounts of dust. Powerful local exhaust units are used to remove it. If they are disabled, the equipment cannot be used - this threatens the health of the worker. However, it is impossible to completely get rid of dust, therefore, after finishing work, you should immediately clean the machine thoroughly with industrial vacuum cleaner and brushes.

The abrasive is replaced as it fails or according to the technological conditions of processing. To maintain productivity, you must have a stock of ready-made discs with sandpaper installed, or glued sanding belts different type. They are stored in a closed cabinet so that dust does not accumulate and the surface of the tape does not deform.

During operation, a significant charge of static electricity is generated. For its removal, high-quality grounding is required. It is necessary to periodically check its condition and restore if necessary.

Do you want to assemble a grinding machine with your own hands?

Certainly!Not really

Summing up

A homemade sander requires ample space in the workshop and needs significant amounts of abrasive. When deciding on the independent manufacture of such a device, you should carefully weigh the need for this and your capabilities.

There are three types of construction:

• Disc machines. Easy to make, can be made from a circular saw.
• drums. Compact devices, ideal for grinding the edges of concave workpieces.
• Tape. Able to grind planes, provide high surface quality. They are the most difficult to manufacture due to the large number of specific components and parts.

The manufacture of the machine will require the use of certain tools and materials, the choice of which is determined by the capabilities of the owner. It will not work completely on your own, some nodes will have to be ordered from a turner. It is important to ensure that the speed of the abrasive is not high so as not to create the risk of injury or destruction of the workpieces.