The design of the belt sander

The tree is widely used for the manufacture of all kinds of products and parts. In order to process a wooden blank properly, various equipment is used. Careful high-precision processing of wood is carried out on belt grinders, which, as a working body have an abrasive belt .

The design of the grinding unit provides:

Abrasive belt that can be placed horizontally or vertically. It is mounted on a frame and placed between the rotating drums.
Leading and driven drums. The rotation of the driving drum is due to an electric motor that transmits torque through a belt drive. The speed of rotation of the leading element, and hence the speed of the belt, can be adjusted by specially set surface treatment modes.
The equipment table can be wooden or metal. On a metal base, more complex workpieces can be sharpened.
The electric motor should have a power of about 2.8 kW and be able to provide the tape with a normal speed of 20 meters per second.
A special mounting hood must be installed in order to technological process it was possible to remove the dust formed during operation.

The length of the machine and its working tool depends on product length. which will be processed on it. It is much more convenient to work with workpieces that are shorter than the work surface.

What are grinding machines for?

As a rule, the equipment is used for finishing machining products on final stages production. Belt sanders can work with both wood and metal.

woodworking equipment capable final leveling of surfaces. remove roughness and irregularities in the form of elevations or depressions, peel off burrs, grind curves, do internal grinding, achieve even and smooth surfaces of the product.

Machine tools for metal work with non-ferrous metals in the form of flat, round and quadrangular blanks and with plain and alloyed steel. They are able to grind large-diameter pipes and round timber rationally and in a short time.

In addition, belt grinders intended:

for grinding products before the procedure of paintwork;
for processing bar and panel blanks, their side edges and ends;
for processing flat surfaces;
for grinding curved surfaces.

Manufacturing instructions

Having studied the design of the equipment, you should decide what its main elements will be made of.

What to make a bed from?

It is best to make a desktop from thick iron. The ideal dimensions of the canvas are 500x180x20 mm. However, the larger the dimensions of the bed, the more options for various parts on it can be processed.

Large work surface it will be much more convenient and functional than a small bed. For its manufacture you will need:

Cut one side of the canvas prepared for the table with milling machine for metal.
Make markup.
Drill three holes in the end of the cut workpiece.
Secure the work platform to the bed using three bolts.

Selection and installation of the engine for the machine

The engine for the unit can be a motor from washing machine. If this is not available, then you can choose a motor whose rated power will be up to 3 kW, and the intensity of work - about 1500 rpm. The power unit for the grinding machine should be firmly and securely fixed to the frame.

Leading and driven drums

You can make such elements for a grinding machine with your own hands from a material such as chipboard. For this you need:

Cut out blanks with dimensions of 200x200 mm from a chipboard sheet.
Assemble a package with a thickness of 240 mm from the obtained blanks.
Put it all together and grind to optimal diameter in 200 mm.
Attach the drive drum to the motor shaft. It will set the tape in motion.
Mount the driven drum around the machine axle on bearings. In this case, there must be a special bevel on the side of the drum. This will help ensure the tape has a soft touch on the work surface.

When making drums, it is worth considering that diameter of their central part should be a couple of millimeters larger than the outer diameter. This is necessary to ensure the stable operation of the equipment, since the flexible tape will be in the middle of the drum.

DIY sanding belt

As a sanding belt, you can take several emery strips. They will need to be cut into pieces 200 mm long and glued. The ideal option the basis for the canvas will be tarpaulin.

Having assembled the structure from all the selected elements, you can safely proceed to the processing of wood.

Grinding machine from a manual grinder

Taking a manual grinder as a basis, the rest of the equipment parts can be made from chipboard, pine and birch bars with your own hands. The U-shaped stop is glued with PVA glue, the remaining elements of the unit are connected with screws.

The base of the machine can serve as hinged two pieces of chipboard. For greater strength, the hinges are fastened with M6 bolts.

The grinder is installed to the base with the help of bars, which are pre-adjusted to the shape of the body and glued with pieces of rubber on top.

The grinder is attached to the front right size furniture confirmers. With their help, the grinding plane can be set in the desired position.

Behind the base, the machine is attached with a bar and two screws. In order for the thrust pad to be in line with the grinding plane, pieces of soft rubber can be glued under the body.

In the horizontal part of the U-shaped stop, a groove can be made to move a small carriage, which may come in handy i for sharpening electric planer knives .

After fixing and adjusting the grinder, the machine can begin to operate.

Having studied the options for making a belt grinder with your own hands, and strictly following the instructions, you can acquire multifunctional equipment. Such equipment will be able not only to grind wood products, but also to sharpen any cutting tools.

Do-it-yourself homemade wood grinder

During manufacture wooden structures it is imperative to clean their surfaces. Manual labor take a long time and not be productive. Factory grinding centers are expensive. Therefore, in some cases it is more expedient to make a machine with your own hands.

The design of the drum machine

factory grinder

Manufacturing should begin with a study of the design features of this type of equipment. grinding machine drum type designed for processing wooden surfaces, their alignment and deburring.

The device belongs to the type of surface grinders for wood, which perform the function of calibration. There are many models and types of equipment. But the main task before making the unit with your own hands is to choose the optimal design. The best option is a detailed acquaintance with factory analogues and drawing up a manufacturing scheme based on the data obtained.

Structurally, the machine should consist of the following components:

frame. The main parts of the equipment are attached to it;
power unit. Most often, an asynchronous electric motor is installed for this;
grinding drum. It is important to choose the right diameter, the method of chip removal. With your own hands, you can make the base on which the emery tape is installed. Or order a cylindrical head with a cutting edge from a professional turner. It all depends on the type of work;
a device for changing the frequency of the motor shaft;
Desktop. The workpiece will be located on it. Experts recommend that when making a machine with their own hands, this component should be made of fiberglass;

Additionally, in drum grinding equipment, it is possible to provide for a mechanism for removing dust and chips from the processing zone. It is also recommended to make a desktop with a variable height relative to the working drum. This will allow you to process part of the end of the wooden blank.

If it is necessary to grind the outer or inner plane of the board, the drum must be placed horizontally. At the same time, it is possible to adjust its height.

Types of grinding drum machines

Drum machine for wood with horizontal processing

The next step is to choose the design of the woodworking machine. The main parameter is the shape of the wooden blank and the degree of its processing. Homemade drum-type equipment is designed to form even and smooth surfaces with a small area.

Factory production lines require special processing centers. They have complex functionality, they can simultaneously perform several operations. However, their main disadvantage is their high cost. Therefore, it is not advisable to consider them as home equipment.

There are the following types of machining centers:

surface grinding. Processing is performed in one plane. Can be used as an example for self-manufacturing;
circular grinding. Are intended for processing of cylindrical surfaces. To do this, the package includes several nozzles with different diameters;
planetary. With their help, a flat plane is formed on products with a large area.

To complete a small home workshop, surface grinding models are most often chosen. They are characterized by a simple design, availability of components and relatively fast manufacturing.

In addition to leveling with drum sanders, you can remove a layer of paint or varnish. They are used for restoration old furniture or wooden interior details with your own hands.

Self-made grinding machine

Homemade grinding drum

The most simple model do-it-yourself machine is a drill that is mounted on a bed. Grinding cylinders are machined from wood and sandpaper with the required grain size is attached to their surface.

But such a design has little functionality. For processing medium volumes, it is recommended to make wood equipment according to a different principle. First of all, you need to choose the right power unit. Most often, an electric motor with a power of up to 2 kW and a speed of up to 1500 rpm is used. These requirements are met by asynchronous models that can be taken from old household appliances - washing machine or a vacuum cleaner.

The procedure for the manufacture of a homemade machine.

Frame. It must be stable enough. Therefore, it is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm or more. Alternatively, 10 mm thick plexiglass can be considered.
The motor is mounted in such a way that the shaft is in a vertical plane.
Drum for processing. If it is planned to perform only grinding work, an abrasive belt is installed on it. For deeper processing, you will need to make a steel cone with a cutting edge.
Desktop. It is located at the top of the diagram. It is recommended to make it adjustable relative to the stationary cylinder.
Control block. Do-it-yourself designs rarely provide for the possibility of adjusting the engine speed. Therefore, the block will consist of buttons for turning the unit on and off.

During the operation of the equipment, chips and wood dust will inevitably form. You can improve the design by installing a branch pipe of a household vacuum cleaner in the processing area.

In the video material you can see an example of the work of a do-it-yourself design:

Drawing example

How to make a grinding machine with your own hands: instructions, descriptions and recommendations

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Belt sander: we study and do it ourselves

A belt grinder is used in cases where it is necessary to finish the parts, that is, as equipment for finishing technological operations. Most often, such machines are used in the furniture industry, they are used to process parts made from wood of various species. But it is also possible to use a belt grinder for processing metal parts, for which a belt with an appropriate abrasive material is used.

Applications of the machine

The main tasks that the belt grinding group performs are: final leveling of the treated surface, bringing the surface roughness to the required level, bringing the treated surfaces to the level of smoothness before varnishing and other finishing materials. Also, the tape machine is used to eliminate minor defects in the machined surface: recesses, elevations and burrs, processing finish coat: removal of primer and varnish deposits, burrs, sanding internal surfaces, processing roundings on the surface of the part.

A factory-made option, the drawings of which can be used to create a similar home-made device.

The belt machine can be used to process parts made from various materials: wood, plain and alloy steel. non-ferrous metals. What is convenient, you can process parts with a belt machine that have different shape: square, round and flat. With the help of such equipment, it is possible to process round and tubular parts, which are distinguished by a large diameter of their cross section.

Design features of the machine

The working tool of any belt surface grinder is a belt, on the surface of which an abrasive powder is applied. It is made in the form of a ring and is placed between two rotating drums, one of which is the master and the second is the slave.

The rotation on the drive shaft of the tape machine is transmitted from the electric motor, which is connected to it by means of a belt drive. The speed of the belt mechanism can be adjusted, thereby changing the modes of processing parts. The belt of a surface grinder can be located horizontally or vertically, as well as at a certain angle, which is allowed by some models of equipment in this category.

When choosing a model of a belt grinder for processing a particular part, it is important to consider the length of the surface that needs to be grinded. It is much more convenient to process parts on such machines, the surface length of which is less than the length of the abrasive belt and the desktop. Under such conditions, the quality of processing will be much higher.

A homemade version of the machine is not so difficult to implement in a home workshop

The belt sander can be of various designs: with a movable and fixed work table, with a free belt. A separate category includes wide-belt equipment, the peculiarity of which is that their desktop, which is also a feed element, is made in the form of a caterpillar. In those models of equipment that have a working table in their design, the abrasive belt is located in a horizontal plane, and in equipment with a free belt, in which a working table is not provided, it can have a different spatial position.

Compulsory constructive element any belt grinder, including a desktop one, is an exhaust device that is necessary to remove dust, which is formed in large quantities during processing. Both professional and any homemade grinder used in a home workshop or garage is powered by an electric motor.

Principle of operation

The main parameters of the belt grinder are the feed rate and the force with which the belt is pressed against the workpiece. Parameters such as the degree of grit of the abrasive belt should be selected depending on what material the workpiece is made of, as well as the degree of roughness that the surface of the machined product should have.

The characteristics of the material to be processed, in particular its hardness, primarily influence the grit size of the abrasive belt. The processing modes that are directly related to each other are the feed speed and the belt pressure. So, if grinding is carried out at high speed, but with a slight pressing force of the abrasive belt, then some parts of the surface of the part may turn out to be untreated. If, on the contrary, you increase the pressing force and reduce the feed rate, then you may encounter the fact that burns and blackening of the material may appear in certain areas of the treated surface.

Another variation of the machine is a view from the side of the working surface of the tape

The results of grinding are also influenced by how well the abrasive tape is glued together. In order to obtain a high quality finish and not to experience a malfunction of the band machine, do not use abrasive belts that are not glued correctly or have torn edges. When putting on the tape on the shafts of the equipment, it should be positioned so that the end of the seam, which is overlapping, does not lift up on the surface of the workpiece, but slips along it. Learn more about gluing the tape in the video below.

Any, including a manual grinding machine, should provide for the possibility of adjusting the belt tension, which is ensured by moving a movable shaft that is not driven. Tape tension is a very important parameter, the choice of which should be guided by the "golden mean" rule. If the belt of the grinder is too tight, then this can lead to its breakage during operation, and too little tension will cause slippage and, as a result, its excessive heating. The main characteristic for determining the degree of tension of the tape is the arrow of its deflection, which is measured by lightly pressing on its surface in a taut state.

The manual belt grinding machine of the group can be operated by one operator, who moves the desktop with the workpiece and rotates it so as to bring all parts of its surface under the abrasive belt.

How to make a belt sander

Many home craftsmen and professionals are wondering how to make a grinder with their own hands. The reason for this question is quite simple: the high cost of mass-produced grinding equipment, which, with irregular use, not everyone can recoup. In order to make such equipment, you will need several basic components: an electric motor, rollers and a reliable frame. Naturally, the drawings of such a device or its photo will not be superfluous. Also at the end of the article you can watch videos on assembling a tape machine on your own.

The motor for belt sanding equipment is easy to find, it can be removed from a used washing machine. The bed will have to be made independently, for this you can use a sheet of metal with dimensions of 500x180x20 mm. One side of the frame should be cut very evenly, since it will be necessary to attach the platform on which the electric motor will be mounted to it. The platform for the electric motor should also be made of a sheet of metal with dimensions of 180x160x10 mm. Such a platform must be fixed to the bed very securely with a few bolts.

Another version of the bed

The efficiency of a belt grinder directly depends on the characteristics of the electric motor that is installed on it. If you are going to make a grinding machine with your own hands, then an electric motor with a power of 2.5–3 kW, developing about 1500 rpm, is quite suitable for you. In order to use such a motor to move the sanding belt at a speed of 20 m/s, the drums must have a diameter of about 200 mm. Which is convenient, if you choose an engine with such characteristics, then you do not need to make a gearbox for your grinding machine.

The drive shaft is connected directly to the motor shaft, and the second - the driven one - must rotate freely on the axis, which is installed in the bearing units. In order for the abrasive belt to more smoothly touch the surface of the workpiece, the section of the bed on which the driven shaft is installed should be made with a slight bevel.

You can make shafts for a belt grinder with minimal financial costs from chipboard. You simply cut square blanks 200x200 mm in size from such a plate, drill central holes in them and put them on the axle with a package with a total thickness of 240 mm. After that, you just have to grind the resulting package and make a round shaft out of it with a diameter of about 200 mm.

Drawings and detailed analysis some details of the machine made of wood.

Wood belt sander (click to enlarge)

Table Tilt Adjustment Mechanism Plate Unit Belt Tensioner Complete Machine

In order for the tape to be located strictly in the middle of the shaft, the diameter of its central part must be 2–3 mm larger than at the edges. And in order to prevent slippage of the tape on the drum, it is necessary to wrap a layer of thin rubber around it, for which you can use an old tire from a bicycle wheel, after cutting it along its entire length.

The sanding belt for such a machine, the optimal width of which should correspond to 200 mm, is made from an ordinary emery cloth. The standard cloth is cut into strips of the required width, and an abrasive tape is already glued from them. It should be borne in mind that the material is glued end-to-end; for this, dense matter is placed on the reverse side, which will strengthen the resulting seam. On the properties of such a seam big influence renders glue, it must be of very high quality, then the material will not tear at the seam after a short use.

A few more options for manufacturing belt grinders can be seen in the video below.

On a home-made belt grinder, you can not only process wood products, but also use it to sharpen various tools: chisels, secateurs, knives, axes, etc. In addition, on such machines you can process parts that have a curved surface.

Wood grinding machine - do it yourself or buy it?

One of the main ways to process wood (after sawing, of course) is sanding. Manual way has been known for a long time - a wooden block is wrapped in sandpaper, and with the help of such a simple device, the workpiece is given the required shape.

The method is unproductive, and requires a fair amount of physical effort. Masters who work with wood regularly use small-scale mechanization.

Types of grinding machines

On sale are a variety of ready-made fixtures with which you can process wooden blanks of any size. To understand the mechanism of work, consider some of them:

Disc grinder

Based on the name, the working surface is made in the form of a disk.

The design is quite simple - a circle with good rigidity is put on the axis of the electric motor. The outer surface has a Velcro coating on which sandpaper is attached. No gearboxes or drive mechanisms are required. The grinding force is small, the rotor axis copes well with the loads.

In the transverse plane, at the level of the center of the disk, a handrest is installed. It can be hinged, which allows you to process workpieces at a fixed angle.

A feature of disk machines is the adjustment of the processing speed without changing the number of revolutions of the axis. You simply move the workpiece along the radius of the circle. With a single angular velocity, the linear velocity at the periphery is higher.

Belt sander

A strip of sandpaper connected in a continuous band is stretched between two shafts.

And emery in working area does not sag under the pressure of the workpiece. A persistent working plane is installed under the tape, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction. Pressing the material being processed to the plane, the operator gets an endless abrasive surface.

The quality, and the ease of processing, cannot be compared with hand tools. In the mass production of wooden products, such a sledge is an indispensable attribute of any workshop.

The main feature is a predictable result throughout the entire plane. You can level the ends of a sufficiently large length.

The working surface can be horizontal or vertical, as well as the direction of the tape.

Drum grinder

Such a device can be attributed to grinding units with some stretch. The main application is the horizontal alignment of planes using the jointer method.

The principle of operation is as follows - sandpaper is fixed on one or two drums. The most common method is spiral winding. Below, under the drum, there is a flat table. The distance between the processing surface and the table is adjustable. By setting a fixed height, you can calibrate the same type of products, aligning the thickness of the workpieces.

Grinding machine two in one

To save space (and money), manufacturers often combine two types of fixtures in one design.

This not only reduces acquisition costs, but also improves user experience. When processing one part, you can enjoy the advantages of two grinding units at once: disc and belt. In this case, the engine is used alone, and the load on it does not increase much.

Looking at the finished designs, it becomes clear how to make a grinding machine with your own hands. WITH consumables no problems, so you can immediately design the device for specific tasks. Any universal device loses to a narrow-profile one.

DIY grinding machine

When you have a ready-made (and conditionally free) electric motor, all mechanisms are designed around it. If the engine still has to be purchased, it makes sense to choose it according to its parameters.
Main characteristic- Definitely power. RPMs are not that important, they can be adjusted with a pulley (for tape drives) or a circle diameter (for disk models).

Grinding machine power calculation

Let's take a tape drive as an example.
The motor power is calculated using a complex formula, but if the initial data is available, it is not difficult to obtain the desired value.

q - pressure of the workpiece on the working surface of the emery (N / cm²)
S - area of contact of the workpiece with emery (cm²)
K is the coefficient of the working surface of the sandpaper in relation to the workpiece. Depends on the grain size and density of the wood. Limit of values: 0.2 - 0.6
k - coefficient of friction of the reverse side of the emery on the persistent working plane
U - speed of linear movement of the tape (m / s)
n is the efficiency of the system.

Important! Traditionally, in the manufacture of homemade products, calculations are carried out "by eye". Then, when you turn it on for the first time, it turns out that the power is either excessive (we shoot sparrows from cannons), or the engine stops at the slightest pressure on the working plane by the workpiece. Therefore, the calculation of parameters should be taken more seriously.

If you decide to create a woodworking machine with your own hands, you will need drawings. The illustration shows how important it is to comply with all standards and sizes.

Even with a slight distortion, the machine simply will not work. The tape will "leave" to the side, and the motor shaft will vibrate. Yes, and the tension unit must be assembled with high accuracy.

You should also take care of safety (the sharp edge of the emery belt, when rotated, can cause serious injury). And sawdust flying in all directions (or even worse - wood dust) require eye protection. Usually an elementary transparent screen above the working area is enough.

Homemade wood grinder - an example of a successful design

Don't forget about job security. On top of the rotating disk we attach an arch - a protective cover. This is not a measure for aesthetics, touching a rotating disk can break a finger or seriously damage the skin.

Important! The surface of the handrest must be sanded to perfect smoothness. Lacquer coating undesirable, it will be erased unevenly, and the workpiece will move with difficulty.

Similarly, you can assemble a drum machine. It will be useful, for example, when preparing boards for flooring or a wooden table.

The main thing is a massive frame. Support bearings and a wide drum are taken from a decommissioned belt conveyor, as well as the engine.

The main task is to provide an ideal horizon between the axis of the drum and the table top. The working surface is ground down to the final polishing. The material for the table is better to take harder.

Oak boards are too expensive, so beech can be used. A mandatory element of the drum grinder is the table height adjuster. The screw mechanism must have a lock, from spontaneous unwinding during vibration.

If the bed turned out to be not very heavy, you should fix the legs on the floor. Otherwise, the machine may tip over during work. When processing thick and uneven boards, a serious effort is applied.

Conclusion:
It is not necessary to spend your savings on the purchase of industrial machines. All the considered designs can be made independently.

A belt grinder performs the final processing of parts - their final grinding. The main area of use of the tool is the furniture industry, the processing of wooden parts. But they can also process metal elements using the appropriate abrasive material.

Using a belt-type grinder, the surfaces to be treated are leveled, their roughness is brought to the required level before coating. They also eliminate minor defects: recesses, burrs, elevations of surfaces, sagging of varnish, primers. The tool can be used to round corners. It is suitable for processing round and tubular parts.

The working tool in the grinding machine is a belt with an abrasive powder applied to its surface. It is made endless, placed on two rotating drums - master and slave.

The driving drum is driven by an electric motor, which transmits rotation to it due to a belt drive. The tape can be placed vertically, horizontally, at an angle. The machine has a device for adjusting the speed of the belt.

Having decided to make a belt sander yourself, you need to decide: maximum length the processed surface in details; which table to make (movable, fixed) or give preference to a free tape and refuse to make a table. In the design of the machine, it is imperative to provide an exhaust device to remove a large amount of dust that is formed during its operation.

The main parts of a belt type grinder that will have to be prepared or made are: bed, electric motor, rollers. The motor, for example, comes from a washing machine that has already expired.

The frame of the future machine can be made of sheet metal - its dimensions can be, for example, 50x18x2 cm. One side of the plate is made even - this is necessary due to the attachment of a platform with an electric motor to it. The platform for the motor is made of metal in the form of a plate measuring 18x16x1 cm and fastened to the frame with several bolts.

The used electric motor has a power of 2.5 ... 3 kW, is capable of providing a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. The speed of movement of the belt during grinding should be 20 m/s. Based on this, the diameter of the pulleys is made equal to about 20 cm. Under such conditions, it is not necessary to arrange a gearbox in the craft, which makes it cheaper.

The shafts of the driving drum and the shaft are connected directly; the slave is allowed to rotate freely, placing it on bearings.

Pulleys for a homemade belt type grinder can be made from square chipboard blanks. Central holes are drilled in them, combined, gluing, to a thickness of 24 cm. Then the package is machined, giving it a cylindrical surface with a diameter of 20 cm. At the same time, the central part of the pulleys is made convex, increasing the diameter by 2 ... 3 mm.

The cost of a factory-made grinder is quite high. If a power tool is not affordable, you can try to make it yourself. On such a machine, it will be possible not only to grind wooden blanks, but also to sharpen tools. You can assemble a grinding machine with your own hands in three types: belt, disk and drum.

To assemble a belt type grinder, you will need an electric motor, a solid frame and rollers on which the belt will rotate. Be sure to have a drawing on hand or detailed diagram with all nodes and dimensions. We suggest looking at the photo for an example of a machine diagram with a wooden frame.

The following photo shows the finished design of the machine. In this embodiment, the location of the three working shafts is made so that the moving belt forms a vertical grinding plane. A belt drive is used as a drive.

Four rollers can be used in the design of the machine. One of them is leading and mounted directly on the motor shaft. The photo shows an example of such a design. Installing four rollers allows you to get two grinding planes: horizontal and vertical.

The wooden frame smooths out the vibration of a running electric motor, however, the wood is short-lived. It is optimal to cut a workpiece with a size of 50x18 cm from steel 2 cm thick. One edge of the bed is made perfectly even in order to fix the platform for the electric motor to it. For the next part, you will need steel 1 cm thick. The platform is cut out with a size of 18x16 cm, after which it is fixed to the frame with a bolted connection.

A large electric motor power for such a machine is not needed. An engine from an old washing machine will do. If a high performance grinder is required, then it is desirable to find an electric motor with a shaft speed of 1500 rpm with a power of 2.5 to 3 kW. High-quality grinding can be achieved by moving the emery belt at a speed of 20 m / s. To achieve such parameters, working drums with a diameter of 20 cm are used. If the rollers are made thinner, it will be necessary to reduce the speed of the motor shaft using a gearbox, which is extremely inconvenient.

The driving drum can be mounted on the motor shaft. If this option is not suitable, a separate unit is made. The drive shaft with bearings is fixed on the frame. A belt pulley is mounted from this end, and a drive drum is installed from the other end. Then a pulley is also placed on the motor shaft and a V-belt is put on. The driven rollers rotate arbitrarily on bearings.

Belt pulleys will have to be machined on lathe, and rollers can be made from square pieces Chipboard size 20x20 cm. The plates are stacked on top of each other until a total thickness of 24 cm is obtained. A hole is drilled in the center of the square plates, a threaded pin is inserted and the plates are tightly tightened on both sides with nuts. A square blank is machined so that a drum with a diameter of 20 cm is obtained.

During the groove of the rink, a thickening is provided in its central part. In relation to the edges of the drum, the difference should be 3 mm. Due to the thickening, the tape will not move out of the rollers. The surface of the wooden drum is covered with rubber. An old bike tube will do. The rubber will prevent the belt from slipping on the rollers.

For the manufacture of a sanding belt, cloth-based sandpaper is suitable. You can cut a single strip of the required length, the edges of which are glued end-to-end. If there is no long strip of sandpaper, cut off a strip of strong fabric and sew it into a ring. Sandpaper is cut into rectangles, and then glued to a strip of fabric. When making a sanding belt, it is important to choose a quality adhesive so that the sandpaper does not peel off.

Making a disc grinder

The disk machine is considered the easiest to manufacture. The principle of its operation resembles an ordinary electric emery. The assembly of the grinding machine is presented with an instruction with a step-by-step photo:

The power plant of the machine is a three-phase electric motor. This choice is not accidental, since a phase change when connected allows you to organize a reverse. The motor can be connected to a 220 V network through capacitors.

The working disk is cut out of plywood 1.5 cm thick. Two identical blanks are glued together. The result is a disk 3 cm thick. A hole is drilled strictly in the center, the diameter of which is equal to the thickness of the electric motor shaft.

To assemble the frame, it is better to use an edged board, and the guides and the desktop are cut out of plywood 1.5 cm thick. Wood for the manufacture of the machine better fit than metal. Wood dampens motor vibrations.

The working disk can be ground and even sharpened. It is important to choose the right abrasive materials. They must be Velcro and fit for purpose. If you need to grind a product made of stone or granite, a Turtle diamond wheel is glued onto the working disk.

To grind a wooden blank, a sandpaper circle is glued onto the working disk.

There are similar circles on Velcro for metal. On such a disk, you can sharpen knives, axes and other tools.

When designing a disc grinder, it is important to take care of safety. From above, the rotating working disk is covered with a protective arch. An adjustable heel is provided on the desktop, which serves as a stop for the workpiece.

The tabletop of the machine should not be varnished or painted. Over time, an unevenly worn coating will make it difficult to move the workpiece.

Production of a drum machine for grinding boards

For the manufacture of a drum machine, a frame is assembled. You will need a hardwood beam. From below, an electric motor with a pulley is attached to the frame. A drum with bearings will fit from a used conveyor. The sandpaper is cut into a tape and wound tightly end-to-end on a working roller. At the edges of the drum, the paper is fixed with clamps.

Attach the working roller from above to the frame. Under it will be the tabletop of the machine. A pulley is mounted on the drum shaft and a belt drive with a motor is created. The tabletop is made adjustable with screws so that boards of different thicknesses can be sanded. To avoid vibrations of the machine, it is advisable to fix the legs of the bed to the floor.

If you try and make an effort, then any considered unit will work no worse than a factory-made grinding machine.

Machine assembly materials
Engine selection
Assembly of drums and tape
Assembly process

The main function of wood sanders is to finish natural material with abrasive elements. Machines and fixtures of various types can have a wide range of capabilities and allow you to sharpen knives, grind decorative and furniture products, and also perform internal and external polishing of the workpiece.

Ultra-fine polishing, which gives products a perfectly smooth surface, is possible for modern units.. One of the advantages of such equipment is excellent performance and high efficiency both in the rough roughing process and in high-speed grinding.

In production, you can often find a calibrating, disc and oscillating (spindle) type of grinding units. Equally popular are the disc grinder, belt grinder and drum polisher. The kinematics of all grinding devices without exception, whether it is a calibration or polishing sample, is based on rotation or movement. wood detail along a straight or arc path and simultaneous rotation of the working part of the unit, but this applies to stationary machines. If it means hand tool, then we are not talking about the movement of the workpiece, but only the grinding machine moves. Returning to stationary wood grinding machines, we note that it is better to perform high-quality surface treatment of large-sized products on tape samples. Factory equipment is not cheap, so many owners of small home workshops are increasingly interested in how to make a belt sander on their own.

The design of the belt units

To have an idea about the manufacture of a grinding unit with an emery belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:

abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the bed;
a pair of drums (drive and tension cylinders). In this case, the kinematics provides for the launch of the leading element with the help of an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
a metal or wooden table, the first option making it possible to work with more complex details;
an electric motor with a power of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m / s;
extractor hood that removes wood dust.

There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are subject to processing on this unit. Every experienced master will confirm that working with the equipment is more comfortable if the processed wooden element is inferior in length to the working surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sander will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, belt units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint and varnish coatings, cope with the processing of edges and ends, polish curvilinear figures and polish a flat wooden furniture element.

Machine assembly materials

Many novice carpenters make a grinder from a drill, but we propose to create an improved tool. Before assembling a belt sander with your own hands, you need to decide on the material for the manufacture of its main components. For example, it is better to make a desktop from thick metal, giving preference overall dimensions canvases within 500x180x20 mm. We draw your attention to the fact that the larger the bed, the more functional it is and the more diverse the details will be, the processing of which is planned.

Table

The production of the working surface is as follows:

Cut off one of the sides of the metal sheet.
Conduct markup.
Three holes are drilled at the end of the cut web, through which the work surface is bolted to the bed.

Engine selection

A homemade wood sander is equipped with a motor, and in this case an electric drive from a washing machine is suitable, although you can pick up any motor with a power of about 2.8 kW, capable of averaging 1200-1500 rpm. The drive is tightly fixed in a stationary state to the frame.

Assembly of drums and tape

Now we have to make two drums for a surface grinding unit, for which we need a chipboard sheet, from which blanks of 200x200 mm are cut out and a package with a diameter of 240 mm is assembled. After assembly, the structure is machined to a diameter of 200 mm. The master cylinder is mounted on the drive shaft, and it is he who will set the abrasive material in motion. The tension element is fixed around the axis of the frame on bearings.

Make sure that the tape can easily touch the tabletop, which is achieved by providing a bevel on the side of the drum.

When assembling the drums, do not forget that their inner diameter must exceed the outer diameter by a few millimeters. This is necessary so that the tape is placed in the middle of the cylinder and does not slip off. Now we need a sanding belt, for which abrasive emery material, cut into strips, and then glued together with a high-quality adhesive, is suitable.

Drum grinding unit

Just like industrial designs, household units can have different configurations, although, as noted earlier, their kinematic scheme and principle of operation are similar. Above we talked about how to assemble belt sanding equipment, and now we will find out what to make a homemade drum sander from.

In this case, instead of a stretched abrasive belt, the homemade product is supplied with a disk, shaped like a drum, with which wooden blanks are polished. As in the previous case, this simple type of aggregates is created quickly and without much difficulty, moreover, here we also do not need a complex diagram or intricate drawings.

Assembly process

When building a drum grinder with your own hands, you can use an asynchronous motor from a washing machine, and in addition to it with old typewriter remove pulleys, belt and useful electronic parts. Sanding drums are usually made from cylindrical bars, wooden rings, cardboard or plastic pipe.

Starting to make a wood grinding machine, a segment is cut off from the pipe, equal to the length of the main grinding element, so that it is slightly shorter than the rod, on which it will be fixed in the future. End caps are cut out of a sheet of plywood, equal to the diameter of the pipe, with holes in the middle. The plugs are fixed in the end sides of the pipe with screws.

Now you can install the axis of the rod, fixed with reliable glue. The surface of the pipe is covered with sheet rubber, which will ensure a better fit of the workpiece. The emery cloth is attached in a spiral to the surface of the drum with a stapler, and the grinding drum is ready.

The body and working surface of the unit are made of wood or dense plywood. The movable part of the desktop is attached to the adjusting screw in front, and sits on hinges at the back. The engine is hung on the lower part of the body, where a hole is made in advance, and the drum, made by hand, is attached to the upper part of the bed. The rod (axle) sits on both sides of the bearings fixed to the side posts. At the final stage, pulleys are installed on the axle and the belt drive is pulled. To consolidate the knowledge gained, we suggest watching the video.

The working surface of the wood after cutting needs special treatment. Grinding will help to eliminate roughness and other flaws for further application of paintwork.

A do-it-yourself wood grinder is able to perform the final technological operations related to calibrating and leveling surfaces. At the same time, the cost of acquiring such equipment will be minimized. Unlike factory models, they are small in size, so they are easy to install in the workshop, in the garage or in the barn. To work with them do not need special qualifications. It is enough to know the functional features of the device and follow the safety precautions. Grinding machines are used in everyday life, in construction and in furniture production.

Design - the initial stage

Different models of grinding devices allow you to process all kinds of wooden materials.

Before you start making a homemade wood grinder, it is important to decide for what purposes it will be needed.

This will depend technical specifications tool:

The performance of the device is affected by its power. For home use, 400 watts will be enough. High efficiency is provided by machines with a power of up to 1 kW.
The quality of grinding is affected by the speed of rotation of the working tool. The maximum figure is 3 thousand revolutions per minute.
Depending on the type of surface to be treated, the working area is calculated. The width of the drums of the machine depends on it.
The size of the machine is an important indicator of where the equipment will be used: in workshops or in a small home workshop.

A simple homemade grinder

Types of equipment

Woodworking machines have the same principle of operation - the surface is ground with an abrasive material, for example, sandpaper tape or circles with a rough surface.

Grinding machines differ from each other in structure and scope of use. The purpose of the device depends on which drawings you need to use in your work.

Belt machine

The simplest of all models for domestic use. It allows you to adjust in different planes, clean and give the desired shape to products.

The basis of its mechanism is an abrasive belt stretched between the shafts, which is located in a horizontal and vertical position or at a certain angle. Beneath it is a low-friction work surface against which the tool rests.

During operation of the device, the speed of the mechanism can be adjusted. There are several models of belt sanders. They can be with a stable and movable work table, and with a free belt.

An obligatory element of their design is an exhaust device for removing dust. To make a homemade product, you will need an electric motor that can be removed from an old washing machine, rollers and a strong frame made of metal sheet.

Work items are made of chipboard. The drive shaft is directly connected by an electric motor, while the other is free to rotate on an axle mounted on bearings.

The abrasive belt from the emery cloth is located strictly in the middle of the shaft. It should smoothly touch the surface and not slip off.

To assemble the structure, you may need the following consumables:

boards and bars made of wood;
metal pipes;
bearings;
electric motor;
pulley;
rubber belt;
fasteners;
abrasive material;
working tool for installation;
welding machine, if the frame body is made of metal.

drum device

Necessary for horizontal alignment and calibration of surfaces. With it, you can process slats and MDF and chipboard materials. The design of the device consists of two rollers with an abrasive belt stretched in a spiral.

Under them is a smooth tabletop on which the workpiece is located. The distance between the shafts and the working surface is adjustable.

Work on the manufacture of a drum machine is carried out in stages. First, a body is made of sheet steel or plexiglass, then the engine is mounted. An abrasive belt or a cone with cutting edges is attached to the drum.

A desktop is installed at the top of the diagram. It must be adjusted in relation to the vertical cylinder. The on and off buttons are used as controls.

disk device

Another simple homemade grinder is a disc grinder. It is necessary for turning large wooden products. As a working tool, an abrasive wheel is used, which is mounted on the axis of the electric motor.

A special stand is installed in the center of the disk on a hinged mount, fixing the part at a certain angle. To improve the equipment, experts advise using wooden discs with different types of sandpaper.

Combined variant

Combines circular grinding and surface grinding equipment.

You can make the device in this way. A shaft with a disc with a diameter of up to 230 mm is attached to the increased frame of the belt grinder.

It uses a belt drive. The design is complemented by a support table. The combined technology will save space and provide convenience in work.

Proper operation of the equipment is the key to success

The process of installing a wood grinder with your own hands must meet all the requirements of safety regulations. Every master should remember this in order to prevent injuries in the workplace:

The manufactured machine is made from quality materials and has robust design. During surface treatment, do not touch the working tool and moving parts of the mechanism with your hands.
Work on homemade grinding equipment should be in protective glasses.
For woodworking, you cannot use discs designed for metal processing, as they have a different surface structure.
Before starting work, it is important to check the serviceability of the design details.
The use of a protective cover for grinding wheels increases the safety of work.

Grinder (grinding machine): belt and disk, diagrams, manufacturing, components. Homemade belt and disc grinders Do-it-yourself belt grinder