The most harmful eshki in products. A complete list of allowed, prohibited and dangerous food additives. Nutritional supplements useful for the human body

Now in Russia there are a lot of foreign food products. And not all the best are brought to us. And it is often difficult for our buyer to understand the quality of the product. One of the indicators of quality and safety for consumption is what food additives are contained in a particular product. Indeed, to give the product certain qualities, various substances are added to it, which are sometimes poisons for the body. Moreover, some manufacturers "honestly" warn the buyer about this by placing a list of food additives in the ingredients using a special code (the so-called INS - International Numerical System) - a code of three or four digits, which in Europe is preceded by the letter E. Here we wanted talk a little about these supplements.

So remember! The letter "E" is Europe, and the digital code is a characteristic of a food additive to the product.

A code starting with 1 means dyes; 2 - preservatives, 3 - antioxidants (they prevent spoilage of the product), 4 - stabilizers (preserve its consistency), 5 - emulsifiers (support the structure), 6 - flavor and aroma enhancers, 9 - anti-flaming, that is antifoam agents. Indexes with a four-digit number indicate the presence of sweeteners - substances that preserve the friability of sugar or salt, glazing agents.

Are these additives harmful? Food experts believe that the letter "E" is not as scary as it is painted: the use of additives is allowed in many countries, most of them do not give side effects. But doctors often have a different opinion.

For example, preservatives E-230, E-231 and E-232 are used in the processing of fruits (that's where oranges or bananas on store shelves come from, not spoiling for years!), And they are nothing more than ... PHENOL! The one that, getting into our body in small doses, provokes cancer, and in large doses it is just pure poison. Of course, they apply it for good purposes: to prevent damage to the product. And only on the skin of the fetus. And washing fruits before eating, we wash off the phenol. But do everyone and always wash the same bananas? Someone only peels, and then with the same hands takes on its flesh. That's phenol for you!

In addition, there are food additives that are strictly prohibited in Russia. Remember them: E-121 is a dye (citrus red), E-240 is an equally dangerous formaldehyde. Powdered aluminum is coded under the E-173 sign, which is used to decorate imported sweets and other confectionery products and which is also prohibited here.

But there are harmless, and even useful "E". For example, the additive E-163 (dye) is just anthocyanin from grape skins. E-338 (antioxidant) and E-450 (stabilizer) are harmless phosphates that are essential for our bones.

But doctors still insist on this conclusion: even those nutritional supplements that are made from natural raw materials still go through a deep chemical treatment. And so the consequences, you know, can be ambiguous. So it's better to eat what is grown by one's own hands without any chemicals and preserved without preservatives. The only pity is that not all of us are gardeners and gardeners ...

Classification of food additives: E100 - E182 dyes

E200 - E280 preservatives

E300 - E391 antioxidants, acidity regulators

E400 - E481 stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickeners

E500 - E585 different

E600 - E637 flavor and aroma enhancers

E700 - E899 spare numbers

E900 - E967 defoamers, glazing agents, flour improvers, sweeteners

E1100 - E1105 enzyme preparations

Nutritional supplements prohibited for use in the Russian Federation:

E121, E123, E240

Food additives not allowed for use in the Russian Federation:

E103, E107, E125, E127, E128, E140, E153-155, E160d, E160f, E166, E173-175, E180, E182, E209, E213-219, E225-228, E230-233, E237, E238, E241, E252, E253, E264, E281-283, E302, E303, E305, E308-314, E317, E318, E323-325, E328, E329, E343-345, E349, E350-352, E355-357, E359, E365- 368, E370, E375, E381, E384, E387-390, E399, E403, E408, E409, E418, E419, E429-436, E441-444, E446, E462, E463, E465, E467, E474, E476-480, E482-489 E491-496 E505 E512 E519-523 E535 E537 E538 E541 E542 E550 E552 E554-557 E559 E560 E574 E576 E577 E579 E580 E622- 625, E628, E629, E632-635, E640, E641, E906, E908-911, E913, E916-919, E922-926, E929, E942-946, E957, E959, E1000, E1001, E1105, E1503, E15 21.

Some characteristics of other food additives: Dangerous , E521-523, E541-556, E559, E574-579, E620-625, E900, E912, E951, E954, E965, E967, E999, E1200-1202

doubtful E102, E104, E120, E122, E124, E141, E150, E161, E173, E180, E241

carcinogens E131, E142, E210-217, E239

destroy vitamin B12 E220

disrupt the activity of the gastrointestinal tract E221-226

interfere with skin function E230, E231, E233

cause rash E311, E312

disrupt digestion E338, E340, E341, E407, E450, E461-463, E466, E468

List of chemical designations of food additives in alphabetical order:

O - dangerous; Z - prohibited; P - suspicious; P - crustacean; RK - intestinal disorders; VK - harmful to the skin; X - cholesterol; RJ - indigestion; OO - very dangerous; RD - arterial pressure; C - rash; GM - genetically modified

Classification of food additives:

AAgar-agar, 1) RK RJ E406

Sodium adipates E356

Potassium adipates E357

Adipic acid E355

Azorubine, crimson C E122

Allura red AC O E129

Aluminum (powder-like) About E173

Aluminosilicate O E559

Calcium aluminum silicate O E556

Potassium aluminum silicate O E555

Sodium aluminum silicate O E554

Sodium aluminum phosphate O E541

Ammonium alginate O E403

Potassium alginate O E402

Calcium alginate O E404

Sodium alginate E401

Alginic acid O E400

Alpha Tocopherol E307

Amaranth OR Leads to lime accumulation in the kidneys! E123

Annatto, bixin, norbixin E160b

Anthocyanin E163

Arabinogalactan Е409

Calcium ascorbate E302

Sodium ascorbate E301

Ascorbic acid E300

Ascorbyl palmitate Е304

Aspartame 2)OO GM E951

Acesulfame potassium E950

Potassium acetates E261

Calcium acetate E263

Sodium acetate E262

Acetylated distarch adipate E1422

Acetylated distarch phosphate E1414

Acetylated starch E1420

Sucrose acetate isobutyrate E444

1) Natural, vegetable gelling agent from red algae. Indigestible. Prevents the absorption of minerals by the body. In large doses, it has a laxative effect.

2) 200 times sweeter than sugar. In Japan and the USA - genetically modified! With poor cleaning and in high dosage, it can be hazardous to health! The allowable dose per day is 40 mg per 1 kg of body weight. In a person weighing 60 kg, this dose is already achieved after consuming 1.2 kg of Light yogurt or 8 cups of aspartame-sweetened coffee. For a child weighing 25 kg, 600 g of Light yogurt is sufficient.

Potassium benzoate OS E212

Calcium benzoate E213

Sodium benzoate OC E211

Benzoic acid OC E210

Bentonite E558

Beta-apo-8"-carotenal (C 30) E160e

Beta-apo-8"-carotinic acid (C 30) ethyl ester E160f

Biphenyl, diphenyl VK E230

Boric acid E284

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) PC X E320

Butylated hydroxytoluene, ionol (BHT) C X E321

Potassium bisulfite O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E228

Tartaric acid (L(+)-tartaric acid) E334

Candelilla wax E902

Carnauba wax E903

Oxidized polyethylene wax E914

Beeswax, white and yellow E901

Gamma-tocopherol E308

Hexamethylenetetramine C 2) - red caviar E239

Guaiac resin E314

Ammonium hydroxide E527

Potassium hydroxide E525

Calcium hydroxide E526

Magnesium hydroxide E528

Sodium hydroxide E524

Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate E1442

Hydroxypropyl Starch E1440

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E464

Hydroxypropylcellulose RK - If more than 6 gr! E463

Potassium Hydrosulfite E228

Calcium hydrosulfite O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E227

Sodium hydrosulfite RJ O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E222

Glycerin E422

Glycine E640

Calcium glutamate OO - Crispy potatoes, flour products! E623

Magnesium glutamate O E625

Glutamic acid O E620

Monosodium glutamate I-substituted O E621

Potassium glutamate I-substituted O E622

Ammonium glutamate I-substituted O E624

Ferrous gluconate O - No more than 20 grams per day! E579

Potassium gluconate O - No more than 20 grams per day! E577

Calcium gluconate O - No more than 20 grams per day! E578

Sodium gluconate O - Not more than 20 g per day E576

Gluconic acid O - No more than 20 grams per day! E574

Glucono-delta-lactone O - No more than 20 grams per day! E575

Calcium guanylate E629

Guanylic acid E626

Guar gum C E412

Gum arabic C E414

2) An artificial substance, made from ammonia and formaldehyde. IN Western Europe allowed only in Provalone cheeses. Applied in medicines, for skin and urinary tract disinfection, and as a preservative in cosmetics

DDelta-tocopherol E309

Dipotassium guanylate E628

Dipotassium inosinate E632

Distarch Phosphate E1412

Dimethyldicarbonate E242

Disodium 5"-ribonucleotide E635

Disodium guanylate E627

Disodium inosinate E631

Sodium diphosphates RKO - Destroys calcium, magnesia, iron! E450

Diphenyl C O 3) E230

Diazomonoxide E942

Dimethyldicarbonate O E242

Silicon dioxide amorphous (silicic acid) E551

Carbon dioxide E290

Silicon dioxide E551

Sulfur dioxide OO - Dangerous for asthmatics! E220

Titanium dioxide E171

Dodecylgalate C E312

3) Allowed as a preservative against mold and fungus for citrus peel treatment, can be transferred with fingers to the pulp of the fruit itself. It is recommended that you wash your hands thoroughly after cleaning. In animals in high doses causes internal bleeding and organ changes.

Fatty acids E 570

Sodium isoascorbate E316

Isoascorbic (erythorbic) acid E315

Isomaltitol, isomaltitol O - No more than 50 grams per day! E953

Inosinate-5 "calcium E633

Inosic acid E630

Carob bean gum C E410

Karaya gum O E416

Guaiac gum P E241

Xanthan gum E415

Tara gum C E417

Gellan gum Е418

Xylitol O - No more than 50 grams per day! E967

Carrageenan O RK E407

Carbamide (urea) Е927b

Brilliant blue dye E133

Dye black VK E151

Food coloring orange-yellow "sunset" OS E110

Food color green-S E142

Food coloring "gold" E175

Food coloring "indigo-carmine" Е132

Food dye canthaxanthin O - Deposits in the retina! E161g

Food coloring curcumin E100

Riboflavi food coloring E101

Food dye tartrazine OS E102

Dye food alkanet (alkanine) E103

Food coloring yellow quinoline C E104

Food dye carmine (from scale insects!) C E120

Food coloring azorubine (carmoisine) C E122

Food coloring amaranth C E123

Crimson food dye C E124

Food dye erythrosin O - For the thyroid gland! E127

Food coloring red C E128

Food coloring red "charming" (Allura) C E129

Food dye blue patent E131

Food dye indigo carmine E132

Brilliant blue food coloring E133

Food dye chlorophyll E140

Food dye copper complexes of chlorophyll E141

Food coloring green S Е142

Food coloring sugar colors simple Е150a

Food dye sulfite sugar colors Е150b

Food coloring sugar ammonium colors O E150s

Food coloring sugar ammonium-sulfite colors O E150d

Brilliant black food dye O E151

Dye food charcoal vegetable E153

Food coloring brown FK C Е154

Food coloring brown HT C E155

E160a food carotene dye

Food dye annatto extract E160b

Paprika oil resin food coloring E160c

Food dye lycopene E160d

Food coloring beta-apocarotene aldehyde Е160e

Color food esters of beta-apo-8"-carotene acid E160f

Food dye flavoxanthin Е161b

Food coloring red beet E162

Food anthocyanin dye E163

Food coloring calcium carbonate E170

Dye food titanium dioxide E171

Iron oxide food dye E172

Dye food aluminum O E173

Food coloring silver O E174

Food dye gold O E175

Food dye litholrubin BK C E180

E306 tocopherol concentrate

Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt With RK - If more than 5 gr! E466

Paprika dye, capsanthin, capsorubin E160c

E500 sodium carbonates

Potassium carbonates Е501

Ammonium carbonates Е503

Magnesium carbonates Е504

Alum sodium aluminum O E521

Aluminum-potassium alum O E522

Alum alumina O E523

Llecithins, phosphatides E322

Sodium lactate E325

Potassium lactate E326

Calcium lactate E327

Ammonium lactate Е328

Citric acid E330

Sodium lactylates E481

Calcium lactylates E482

Lactit RJ - No more than 20 gr per day! E966

Lysozyme C - Maybe GM. (Found in cheeses). E1105

Formic acid E236

Lactic acid E270

Ammonium malate Е349

E350 sodium malates

Potassium malates E351

Calcium malates E352

Meta-tartaric acid E353

Mannitol RJ - No more than 20 gr per day! Bad for your teeth! E421

Methylcellulose RJ RK - If more than 6 gr! E461

Methylethylcellulose E465

Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids E471

Montanoic acid O - Do not use with the peel! E912

Maltitol and maltitol syrup O - No more than 20 grams per day! E965

Nisin O E234

Potassium nitrite O E249

Sodium nitrite O - almost all sausages, ham E250

Sodium nitrate O E251

Sodium nitrate O E252

Oorto-phenylphenol VK O E231

Ortho-phenylphenol sodium salt O E232

Octyl gallate C O E311

Ortho-phosphoric acid O RK E338

Calcium oxide E529

Magnesium oxide E530

Sodium PPirosulfite RZh O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E223

Potassium pyrosulfite RJ O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E224

Pimaricin (natamycin) O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E235

Propionic acid O E280

Sodium propionate O E281

Calcium propionate O E282

Potassium propionate O E283

Propyl gallate O E310

Boric acid O E284

Polyoxyethylene sorbitan tristearate O E436

Pectins E440

Pyrophosphates O E450

Triphosphates O E451

Polyphosphates O E452

Polydimethylsiloxane O E900

Polydextrose O E1200

Polyvinylpyrrolidone O - No more than 90 grams per day! E1201

Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone O - May be found in wines! E1202

RRibonucleotides-5" calcium E 634

C Sacharin O E954

Sorbic acid E200

Potassium sorbate E202

Sodium sorbate E203

Sulfur dioxide OO - May be found in white wines! E220

Sodium sulfite RJ O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E221

Potassium sulfite RJ O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E225

Calcium sulfite RJ O - Dangerous for asthmatics! E226

Sorbitol and sorbitol syrup E420

Salts of fatty acids E470

Sugarglycerides E474

Sorbitan monostearate O E491

Sorbitan tristearate O E492

Sorbitan monolaurate, SPEN 20 O E493

Sorbitan monooleate, SPEN 80 O E494

Sorbitan monopalmitate, SPEN 40 O E495

Sorbitantrioleate, SPEN 85 O E496

Hydrochloric acid E507

Sulfuric acid O E513

Sodium sulfates E514

Potassium sulfates E515

Calcium sulfates E516

Ammonium sulfates E517

Aluminum sulfate O E520

Tthiabendazole VK O E233

Sodium tetraborate O - Metabolic disorders! E285

E335 sodium tartrates

Potassium Tartrates E336

Potassium-sodium tartrates E337

Calcium tartrate E354

Tragacanth C E413

Twin (polysorbate 20) O E432

Twin (polysorbate 80) O E433

Twin (polysorbate 40) O E434

Twin (polysorbate 60) O E435

Sodium thiosulfate E539

Vegetable charcoal E153

Acetic acid glacial E260

Carbon dioxide E290

FFumaric acid E297

Sodium phosphates O E339

Potassium phosphates O RK E340

Calcium phosphates O RK E341

Ammonium phosphates E342

Ammonium phosphates O E343

Sodium ferrocyanide E535

Potassium ferrocyanide E536

Calcium ferrocyanide E538

Potassium chloride E508

Calcium chloride E509

Ammonium chloride E510

Magnesium chloride E511

Stannous chloride O - Causes vomiting, found in canned food! E512

Sodium citrates E331

Potassium citrates E332

Calcium citrates E333

Magnesium citrate E345

Ammonium citrates E380

Cellulose E460

Cyclamic acid and its salts O E952

Esters of glycerol and resin acids E445

Food additives are substances that can enhance the taste and aroma of products, maintain their presentation for a long time and extend their shelf life.

Additives are used in the food industry. Almost all products on the counter in stores contain them - sausages and semi-finished meat products, pickles, canned food, fruits and vegetables, various sweets (ice cream, sweets, desserts, jellies, yogurts, cheeses) and even bread.

Classification of food additives

I. By origin, the following food additives are distinguished:
1. Natural - are of plant or animal origin, include minerals in their composition.
2. Identical to natural - have the same properties as natural nutritional supplements, but synthesized in the laboratory.
3. Synthetic (artificial) - developed and synthesized in artificial conditions, have no analogues in nature.

II. There is a division of food additives by numerical code
Food additives are abbreviated as "E". There are several versions of the origin of this. Some experts argue that the name comes from Examined (translated means tested), while others believe that it comes from the word Europe. The letter "E" is always accompanied by a number indicating a group of nutritional supplements.
E 100-199 - dyes that enhance the natural color or restore the lost shade during the manufacture of the product

E 200-299 - preservatives that extend the shelf life of products

E 300-399 - antioxidants or antioxidants that prevent food spoilage
E 400-499 - thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers that affect the consistency of the product
E 500-599 - substances that preserve the structure of the product due to the normalization of acidity, humidity; they are also called baking powder; they prevent the "caking" of products
E 600-699 - flavor and odor enhancers
E 700-799 - food additives with pronounced antibacterial properties.
E 800-899 - category left for new additives
E 900-999 - sweeteners and defoamers
E 1000-1999 - a group of food additives with a wide spectrum of action: glazing agents (anti-flamings), salt melters, texturizers, separators, sealants, gas compressors

III. There are also useful, neutral, harmful and dangerous (prohibited) food additives. They will be discussed in more detail below.

Beneficial and harmful effects of food additives on the human body

Now the assertion is very popular that absolutely all food additives bring only harm. In fact, this is not true at all. They have their pros and cons, and some of them are even beneficial to the human body.

The great advantage of food additives is that they contribute to a longer storage of products, give them a “delicious” look, make them much more appetizing (which is very much appreciated by gourmets).

The main disadvantages include their negative impact on health. Various synthetic food additives damage organs and cause them to wear out quickly, because chemicals are hard to process by the human body. At high dosages, some supplements can be very dangerous.

Eating foods rich in flavor enhancers and flavors is everyone's business. Someone prefers to eat very tasty, without giving of great importance which may be harmful to health. Some people buy almost nothing in stores in order to avoid the negative effects of chemicals. And others can withstand the middle ground, eating most foods and observing “safety measures”.

Nutritional supplements useful for the human body

Curcumin (E100) - lowers blood cholesterol levels and increases hemoglobin, has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract (stimulates its peristalsis, normalizes the intestinal microflora, is effective for intestinal infections and peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, restores liver cells), prevents development of diabetes, arthritis and cancer.

Riboflavin (E101) - is vitamin B2. It is involved in fat and protein metabolism, in redox processes, in the synthesis of other vitamins in the body. Riboflavin maintains youthfulness and elasticity of the skin, is necessary for the normal formation and development of the fetus and the growth of children. It is also very effective for constant stress, depression and psycho-emotional stress.

Carotene (E160a), annatto extract (E160b), lycopene (E160d) are similar in composition and action to vitamin A, they are powerful antioxidants. They contribute to the preservation and improvement of visual acuity, strengthen the immune system, protect against cancer. Always remember that these substances are strong allergens.

Beet betanin (E162) - has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, lowering vascular tone and thereby lowering blood pressure. Reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Improves the absorption of proteins of plant and animal origin. Participates in the synthesis of choline, which stimulates the work of hepatocytes (liver cells). In addition, this substance has a strong anti-radiation effect. It also prevents the development or progression of oncological diseases, the degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one.

Calcium carbonate (E170) is a simple chalk. With a deficiency of calcium in the body, it compensates for its deficiency. May affect blood coagulation. Takes part in muscle contractions, including the heart muscle. It is the main component of bones and teeth. Chalk in case of overdose has a toxic effect on the body, causing the development of milk-alkaline syndrome in it.

Lactic acid (E270) is found in dairy products and cheeses, sauerkraut and cucumbers. It normalizes the intestinal microflora and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, promoting the absorption of carbohydrates.

Vitamin C (E300) - ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant and protects body cells from free radicals. Strengthens immunity. It is found in large quantities in blackcurrant, kiwi, apple, cabbage, onion, pepper.
Vitamin E (E306-309) - tocopherols accelerate the regeneration of the skin. Slow down the aging of the body, protect against the action of toxins. They thin the blood and stimulate the work of red blood cells, thereby favorably affecting the cardiovascular system.
Lecithin (E322) has a large amount useful properties. Found in egg yolk, caviar and milk. Promotes proper development nervous system. Increases immunity. Reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood and removes it from the body. Improves hematopoiesis, bile composition. Prevents the development of cirrhosis of the liver.

Agar (E406) is part of the algae. It is rich in vitamin PP and trace elements (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine). Its gelling effect is very often used in the food and confectionery industry. Agar, due to its high content of iodine, stimulates the thyroid gland. It is also able to bind and remove toxins and various toxins from the body. Another useful property of it is the improvement of bowel function.

Pectins (E440), the sources of which are apple, grapes, citrus fruits, plums. They remove toxins, toxins, heavy metals from the body. Helps cleanse the intestines. They protect the gastric mucosa from the action of damaging factors, have an analgesic and healing effect on ulcers. Reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. It should always be remembered that in large quantities pectins are strong allergens.

Neutral food additives

Chlorophyll (E140) is a dye. It colors food green color. Completely safe for human health. Some experts argue that it is even useful - it removes toxins from the body, when applied externally, it can heal wounds and eliminate unpleasant odors emitted by the human body.

Sorbic acid (E202) has a powerful antimicrobial effect, because it is able to inhibit the growth of mold in products. It is absolutely safe for humans. It is most often added to sausages, cheeses, smoked meats, rye bread.

Acetic acid (E260) is the most widely used acidity regulator. In a small concentration, it is completely harmless to the body and even useful, because it promotes the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats. But at a concentration of 30% or more, it becomes dangerous due to the possibility of burns to the skin and mucous membranes of internal organs. It is used in the preparation of mayonnaise, various sauces, confectionery, in the preservation of vegetables, fish, meat.

Citric acid (E330) serves as a flavor enhancer, preservative and acidity regulator. Due to the fact that it is used in small dosages, it is safe for humans. But when working with concentrated solutions or when eating a large amount of citric acid, side effects may occur - burns of the mucous membranes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, irritation of the respiratory tract and skin.

Gum (E410, 412, 415) is a natural additive to ice cream, desserts, processed cheeses, canned vegetables and fruits, sauces, pies, bakery products. It is used because of its ability to form jelly to create a specific product structure. It also prevents its crystallization, which is very important for ice cream. Safe for human health. Its beneficial effect on appetite is noted - gum reduces it.

Mono - and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471) serve as natural stabilizers and emulsifiers. They are part of mayonnaise, pate, yogurt. They are absolutely safe for health, but they have one important side effect - when they are used in large quantities, body weight increases.

Baking soda (E500) serves as a leavening agent in the manufacture of confectionery products (baked goods, cookies, cakes), because it prevents the products from caking and the formation of lumps in them. Harmless to humans.

Calcium and potassium iodides (E916, 917). These dietary supplements are under investigation, so they are not yet on the lists of prohibited or allowed substances. Theoretically, they should stimulate the thyroid gland. Can protect against radioactive radiation. With a large intake of iodine in the body, signs of poisoning appear, so these supplements should be consumed in moderation.

Acesulfame potassium (E950), Aspartame (E951), Sodium cyclamate (E952), Saccharin (E954), Thaumatin (E957), Maltitol (E965), Xylitol (E967), Erythritol (E968) - sweeteners and sugar substitutes. They are added to sodas, desserts, hard candies, chewing gums, and some low-calorie foods.

There is an active debate about the benefits and harms of these dietary supplements. Some believe that they are absolutely safe for the body, while others argue that these substances enhance the effect of carcinogens. There is also an opinion that sweeteners are wonderful sugar substitutes and are suitable for those who want to lose weight. Doctors warn of their negative effect on liver cells, especially in people who have had hepatitis.

Dangerous food additives and their effect on the human body

The following is a list of the most common food additives that pose a risk to human health. They are widely used in the food industry, despite the harm they cause.

Yellow-green quinoline (E104) is a dye. It is added to sweets, chewing gum, carbonated drinks, groceries, smoked fish. It can cause severe allergic reactions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Renders Negative influence on children's health.

Benzoic acid and its derivatives (E210-213) cause great harm to human health, especially in children. They cause severe allergic reactions and the development of cancer, nervous excitement, and negatively affect the respiratory system and human intelligence. The list of products that include these nutritional supplements is huge. Here are some of them: chips, ketchup, canned vegetables and meat, carbonated drinks, juice. However, these substances are not banned in many countries.

Sulfites (E221-228) are a group of food additives that are still poorly understood and are considered hazardous to human health. They are preservatives and are added to canned fruits and vegetables, mashed potatoes fast food, tomato pastes, starch, wine. They process dried fruits and disinfect containers. These substances can cause severe allergic reactions, provoke attacks of bronchial asthma, irritating Airways and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If the cooking technology is violated, they can lead to death.

Urotropin (E239) increases the shelf life of cheeses and canned caviar. It is dangerous to human health due to its strong carcinogenic effect. It is also a powerful allergen and causes various skin diseases.

Nitrites and nitrates (E250-252). These food additives are added to sausages to give them a rich pink color. In addition, they are able to protect products from oxidation and exposure to microbial agents. Despite such positive traits, these substances are very dangerous for human health, because they have a powerful carcinogenic effect, provoking the development of cancer of the lungs and intestines. They often have allergic reactions up to suffocation. They also affect the cardiovascular system, either narrowing or expanding the vessels, thereby causing sharp jumps. blood pressure. Nitrates also affect the nervous system. This is manifested by headaches, impaired coordination, convulsions.

Propionates (E280-283) serve as preservatives. They are added to dairy products, bakery products, various sauces. They have a negative effect on the vessels of the brain, causing them to spasm. Migraine headaches can occur if these chemicals are used in excess. They are not recommended for children.

Carbon dioxide (E290) is one of the main components of carbonated drinks. It is able to wash out calcium, which is very harmful for a growing organism. It can provoke an exacerbation of gastritis and peptic ulcer of the stomach, belching and flatulence.

Ammonium chloride (E510) serves as a dough improver. It is added to yeast, bread, bakery products, diet food and flour. It has a strong negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract, especially on the liver and intestines.

Monosodium glutamate (E621) is one of the most famous food additives. It belongs to the group of flavor enhancers. His perceived danger is slightly exaggerated. In fact, monosodium glutamate is a component of legumes, algae, soy sauce. In small quantities, it is completely harmless to the human body. But with the systematic use of a large number of products containing it (chips, seasonings, sauces, semi-finished products), accumulation and deposition of sodium salts in various organs occurs. As a result of this, diseases can develop: decreased visual acuity, tachycardia, general weakness, severe headaches, nervous agitation, allergies (itching of the skin and flushing of the face).
This is not a complete list. It includes only the most dangerous and commonly used food additives. In fact, there are many more of them.

Prohibited Food Additives

Yellow tartrazine (E102) is used as a coloring agent in ice cream, sweets, carbonated drinks, yoghurts. It can cause severe allergic reactions, migraines and nervous excitement. Very dangerous for children. Banned in most countries.

Citrus red (E121) is added to carbonated drinks, lollipops, ice cream. It is a powerful carcinogen. Banned in most countries.

Amaranth (E123) - dark red dye. It is a chemical food additive that affects the liver and kidneys, provoking the development of severe allergic reactions, chronic rhinitis and cancer. It is most often used in the preparation of products that are very fond of children - jellies, desserts, puddings, ice cream, breakfast cereals, muffins and so on. This substance is banned in most countries.

Formaldehyde (E240) is used as a preservative in the manufacture of meat and sausage products, various drinks (carbonated water, cold teas, juices) and sweets (desserts, candies, chewing gums, jellies). It has a carcinogenic effect, causes damage to the nervous system, allergies and intoxication of the body.

Potassium and calcium bromates (E924a, E 924b) serve as improvers and oxidizers in the production of bakery products, as well as defoamers in carbonated drinks. They have a powerful carcinogenic effect. Banned in most countries.

Dosing of nutritional supplements

For each food additive, an acceptable daily dose is determined at which human health will not be harmed. But the catch is that most often manufacturers do not write the content of the substance in the product on the packaging. The full composition can be found only in special laboratories. In the same place, an exact calculation of the additive for a given amount of the product was made.

There is a rule for distributing ingredients in descending order - the substance that is contained in the highest concentration is indicated first in the composition, and the least - the last.

Very often, manufacturers, in order to hide the shortcomings of a product, add food additives to it not according to technology, but to bring it to a “presentation”. Thus, they do not even know how many chemicals they contain. And the packaging does not always indicate the exact composition of the product.

To date, additives have flooded the food market so much that it is even difficult to say where they are not contained. It is also almost impossible to completely abandon the products sold in stores, especially if this applies to urban residents.

Therefore, you should try to minimize their use.

Below are some tips on how this can be done.
 Before buying any product, it is better to study its exact composition in advance (information can be found on the Internet);
 It should always be remembered that most often chemicals are dangerous when used in large quantities, whether it is a useful or dangerous additive;
 Also, their impact on the body depends on the age and weight of the person;
 During illness or weakened immune system chemical substances cause more harm, therefore, in such conditions, it is better to limit their use;
 Fibers of plant fiber, thanks to the pectin they contain, cleanse the body of toxins and toxins. Therefore, every day you need to eat fresh vegetables and fruits;
 Foods loaded with chemicals can form and release hazardous substances during heat treatment. The most harmful in this regard are aspartame (E951) and sodium nitrite (E250). Before you fry or boil the product, you must carefully study its composition.
 Do not eat brightly colored foods, vegetables and fruits out of season.
 It is imperative to limit the use of foods rich in food additives to children under five years of age (sausages and meat products, cheese, desserts, jellies, yogurts, seasonings and bouillon cubes, instant noodles, cereals, and so on).
 Well, and most importantly, everything should be in moderation - you don’t need to completely avoid products with additives, but you shouldn’t get too carried away with sausage, chips and fanta either. The body in a normal state is able to process a small amount of chemicals without harm to health. Their dangerous effects begin to appear with the systematic use of products with dyes and substitutes.

There is a small list of food additives that are considered harmless and a very small list of useful food.

The list of harmless food additives includes all acidifiers and acidity regulators, some emulsifiers and some food additives from other categories. I want to note that although these additives are considered harmless, some of them are questionable. For example, tannins - it is known that in large quantities they bind vitamins and lead to rapid fatigue. I would advise you to be careful with nutritional supplements, even if they are on the "harmless" list.

Food supplements that are considered beneficial:

• E100- Curcumins.
• E101- Riboflavin (vitamin B2).
• E106- Riboflavin-5-phosphate sodium.
• E160a- Carotenes. Substances similar in properties to vitamin A.
• E161b- Lutein. Helps improve vision.
• E300- Ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Helps to increase immunity.
• E306-E309- Tocopherols (vitamins E).
• E440- Pectins. They help cleanse the intestines, remove toxins.
• E641, E642- L-leucine and lysine. Useful amino acids.
• E916, E917- Calcium iodate. Used to enrich food with iodine.

Food additives that are considered harmless:

• E140- Chlorophyll (the substance that makes plants green)
• E141- Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins
• E150a, E150b, E150c, E150d- Sugar colors.
• E152- Coal.
• E162- Beet red (betanin).
• E163- Anthocyanins (plant pigments).
• E170- Calcium carbonates (chalk).
• E181- Tannins.
• E202- Potassium sorbate (natural preservative).
• E260- Acetic acid.
• E270- Lactic acid (formed during lactic acid fermentation, for example, when milk soured).
• E290- carbon dioxide, which turns the drink into soda.
• E296- Apple acid.
• E297- Fumaric acid.
• E307- Synthetic alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E).
• E308- Synthetic gamma-tocopherol.
• E322- Lecithin. Lecithin is found in almost all cells of the human body. It is necessary for a person to renew and restore damaged cells, for the full functioning of the nervous system and brain, for the delivery of vitamins, minerals and other nutrients to the cells of the body.
• E330- Lemon acid. Although some anecdotal evidence suggests that this common dietary supplement may have carcinogenic properties.
• E406- Agar-agar.
• E420- Sorbitol, sorbitol syrup.
• E500- Baking soda.
• E507- Hydrochloric acid.
• E901,E902, E903- Wax.
• E905b, E905c- Vaseline and paraffin.
• E906- Benzoic resin.
• E913- Lanolin.
• E954- Saccharin and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts
• E955- Sucralose (trichlorogalactosucrose)

Recently, people are increasingly using various nutritional supplements. They are an easy and cheap way to improve the color and appearance of a finished meal, as well as enhance its flavor and extend its shelf life. The European Community has decided to refer to such additives simply by the letter E followed by a number. The international classification system identified the numbers and divided all additives into groups, depending on the principle of action.

The effect on the human body of additives E from tables with permitted and harmful substances

Many people think that if a product or dish contains additive E, then the product is necessarily harmful. Actually it is not. Therefore, all elements are divided by the Ministry of Health according to tables into dangerous E additives in products and useful ones. Some elements have a dual effect, while others do only benefit:

• First, these substances increase the shelf life of products, which saves consumers time and money.
• Secondly, they help improve the taste of dishes.

In most cases, the negative impact on the human body is the difficult digestion of E-substances. The synthetic component of additives damages organs and in large quantities causes irreparable harm.

Completely abstain from food harmful E-additives from the tables of permitted and harmful substances is possible. But those who, when using them, observe the measure, receive much more benefit than those who completely abandoned them.

Some E supplements are only harmful when taken in large amounts. But special attention should be paid to substances called carcinogens. They have a very harmful property - they accumulate in the human body and negatively affect human health, causing problems with well-being at some point, and so on.

It should be remembered that any change in products or dishes (modification) increases their potential health hazard. The use of products in which the taste or color has been enhanced by an artificial (synthetic) way is a deception of your body.

The distribution of E-additives by hazard class was introduced not so long ago, so the official ban on the use of some of them has also been introduced recently. However, most manufacturers have not stopped adding these substances to products.

Previously, a composition that was understandable to everyone was indicated in the composition of any product, including the additives used from group E. Now, the name of the additive with a code is not directly indicated on cans, bags or bottles. Instead, manufacturers write on the packaging in the composition column, foreign names that are incomprehensible to a simple layman, the well-known elements of category E.

Such tricks are used by manufacturers due to the fact that the official Latin names of the elements are difficult to read and remember. Therefore, when visiting stores, it is best to take a phone with you to write down the name, a camera phone, or just a pen and a piece of paper to write down obscure names and check their decoding.

Since recently most people have smartphones with Internet access, you can go online right in the store and check the composition of the product you are buying.

Additive groups

All additives E from the tables of permitted and harmful substances are divided into the following groups:

• E100 - E182. This group includes dyes used as food coloring substances.
• E200 - E299. The group includes preservatives that increase the shelf life of products and ready meals.
• E300 - E399. It contains antioxidants, which, along with preservatives, slow down the oxidation processes in products and protect them from spoilage.
• E400 - E499. The group contains stabilizers that help maintain the consistency of the finished product.
• E500 - E599. Includes substances similar to stabilizers that support the structure of dishes and products.
• E600 - E699. The group includes elements that enhance the aroma and taste of products.
• E700 - E899. There are no elements here. Numbers are reserved for new items.
• E900 - E999. The group includes antiflaming agents (foaming agents, sweeteners) and other substances.

Preservatives, dyes and stabilizers

A complete table of E-additives, consisting of two parts (permitted and harmful substances), contains elements that are included in the groups of preservatives and dyes and stabilizers. The need for preservatives is due to the need to preserve products by destroying the bacteria contained in the products.

Even without examining the composition on products or commercially prepared meals, the presence of preservatives can be determined. Long-term storage and non-perishable products receive such properties only due to the addition of preservatives to them. Otherwise, their shelf life would be reduced to a minimum.

In pickled mushrooms, jams, compotes, juices, etc., formaldehyde is most often present (preservative E with number 240). Along with this substance, stabilizers act as antibiotics.

Among the dyes are in the table of food E-additives and harmful substances. These include red citrus dye E121 and amaranth dye E123. They are found in non-recommended sweets, carbonated sweet drinks and ice cream (colored). These substances are classified as prohibited E-additives in the table of harmfulness and can cause the occurrence of a malignant tumor.

Emulsifiers

They include both harmful and beneficial food E-additives from the table of permitted and harmful substances. The most common substances are minerals. These include:

• sodium bicarbonate (soda) E500,
• hydrochloric acid (E507),
• sulfuric acid (E513).

The group of useful E-additives from the table of permitted and harmful substances also includes potassium and sodium nitrates (E250, E252, E251). For example, they return minced sausage that has lost during processing pink color, prevent bloating when eating cheese. Substances are also found in sprats, smoked fish and canned herring.

These E-supplements from the table of harmful and permitted substances are considered harmful only for people with diseases of the intestines, liver, suffering from cholecystitis or dysbacteriosis. Once in the body affected by the disease, the substances become toxic, and forms nitrosamines - carcinogens of strong action.

Sweeteners

Many people use Supplements E from the table below as a sweetener in their products. This group includes the following substances:

These elements, being both harmful and beneficial E-food additives from the table, are useful for people with diabetes, but at the same time harm the liver.

For people who have had hepatitis, such supplements should be excluded from the diet for six months after the illness.

General list of harmful substances

The hazard table of additives E can be presented without indicating the names of the elements.

Particularly harmful or prohibited, as well as especially dangerous substances (according to information from the Ministry of Health) include the following:

Characteristic	Additive code
Very dangerous	E123	E510	E513	E527
Dangerous	E102	E110	E120	E124	E127	E129	E155	E180	E201	E220
		E223	E224	E228	E233	E242	E400	E401	E402	E403
		E405	E501	E502	E503	E620	E636	E637
Carcinogenic	E131	E142	E153	E210	E212	E213	E214	E215	E216	E219
	E230	E249	E280	E281	E282	E283	E310	E354
causing indigestion	E338	E339	E340	E341	E343	E450	E461	E462	E463	E465
	E466
Provoking skin diseases	E151	E150	E231	E232	E239	E311	E312	E320	E907	E951
	E1105
Causing intestinal upset	E154	E626	E627	E628	E629	E630	E631	E632	E633	E634
	E635
Causing blood pressure disorders	E154	E250	E252
Dangerous for children	E270
Forbidden	E103	E105	E111	E121	E123	E125	E126	E130	E152	E211
	E952
suspicious	E104	E122	E111	E171	E173	E241	E477

For various reasons, all of the listed substances are classified as harmful E-additives in the table.

Most used health supplements

According to the degree of danger, food E-additives from the table of permitted and harmful substances can be divided into useful, neutral, harmful to humans or prohibited by the Ministry of Health.

There are also supplements of a useful-neutral type. This is a number of useful additives E from the table below, which do not harm the human body. However, even these substances are not recommended for use by persons under five years of age.

Additive code	Substance name
	Curcumin (color)
	Riboflavin (vitamin B2)
	Carotene, annatto extract and lycopene
	Betanine beetroot
	Calcium carbonate
	lactic acid
	Ascorbic acid
E306, E308, E307, E309	Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
	Succinic acid (acidifier)
	Magnesium carbonate (baking powder)
	Thaumatin (sweetener)

Useful E additives from the presented table include the following substances:

1. Dye E100 (official name - curcumin). The substance is found in sauces, curries (powdered), jams, prepared rice dishes, fish pates or candied fruit. This element helps to reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, increases hemoglobin, helps prevent the development of diabetes, cancer and arthritis. It also has a positive effect on the stomach and intestines (it contributes to the normalization of microflora, restores the liver at the cellular level, helps in the fight against intestinal infections and ulcers, etc.).
2. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) E101. Vitamin is involved in protein and fat metabolism and redox type reactions. It promotes the synthesis of other vitamins in the body, helps maintain skin elasticity and youth, helps normal formation and development of the fetus and the growth of the child. Riboflavin effectively helps with psycho-emotional stress, depression or stress.
3. Carotene, annatto extract and lycopene (E160a, b, d). These substances of the E160 group have strong antioxidant properties. They also help maintain and improve vision, help strengthen the immune system and protect against oncological diseases. Moreover, these elements are strong allergens.
4. Betanine beetroot (E162). It has a positive effect on the heart and blood vessels, lowers vascular tone and reduces pressure in the arteries, which helps to reduce the risk of a heart attack. Betanin improves the digestibility of plant and animal proteins, synthesizes choline and stimulates cellular work in the liver. The element does not allow the development of oncological diseases and does not allow a tumor to develop from a benign to a malignant one.
5. Calcium carbonate (E170) is a well-known chalk. It affects blood clotting, is involved in muscle contraction, is the main element in teeth and bones. At the same time, its overdose causes milk-alkaline syndrome.
6. Lactic acid (E270). As an element of dairy products, it contributes to the normalization of the intestinal microflora and promotes carbohydrate absorption.
7. Ascorbic acid (E300) - vitamin C. Few people know that the decoding of food additives E from the table of permitted and harmful substances contains information about the presence of a useful vitamin among the "harmful" elements. It helps to strengthen the immune system, is a strong antioxidant, which allows the body to be protected from free-type radicals.
8. Tocopherol (E306 - 309) - vitamin E. It helps to accelerate skin regeneration, protects the skin from the effects of toxins, has a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, thinning the blood and stimulating the activity of red blood cells.
9. Lecithin (E322). Included in caviar, egg white and milk. The element has a positive effect on immunity, calms the nervous system, reduces cholesterol levels, improves hematopoiesis and bile composition, and slows down the development of cirrhosis.
10. Acidifier (E363) - succinic acid. Included in soups, desserts, broths and powdered drinks.
11. Agar (E406) - an element of the composition of algae. It contains vitamin PP, potassium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, iron and iodine in large quantities. It has a gelling effect, which is useful for the confectionery or food industry. The increased content of iodine helps to stimulate the thyroid gland, removes toxins and toxins, and improves bowel function.
12. Pectin (E440). The element is found in grapes, apples, citrus fruits, plums. The substance promotes the removal of toxins, toxins and heavy metals from the body, helps to cleanse the intestines. It also protects the gastric mucosa from damage, anesthetizes and heals ulcers, lowers cholesterol levels. In addition, there is still a small degree of harm from food E-supplements from the table. She is a strong allergen.
13. Baking powder (E504) - magnesium carbonate. It includes edible salt, cheese, chewing gum.
14. Sweetener (E957) - thaumatin. Found in dried fruits, ice cream, sugar-free chewing gum.

Neutral Additives

There are many neutral food additives E with decoding in the table of permitted and harmful substances of permitted substances.

The action of these substances is as follows:

• E140 - chlorophyll (dye). Promotes coloring of products in color of greens. The element is not harmful to health, according to some experts it is useful (it helps to eliminate toxins, heal wounds and eliminate unpleasant odors from the body)
• E202 - sorbic acid. The substance inhibits the growth of mold in products due to its powerful antimicrobial action. Used in cheeses, sausages, smoked meats and rye bread. It is safe for health.
• E260 - acetic acid. This E supplement from the table is the most commonly used acid regulator. A small dosage benefits by breaking down carbohydrates and fats. An increase in concentration over 30% has a negative effect on the E supplement from the full table, causing skin and mucous burns. The element is present in sauces, mayonnaise, canned vegetables, meat and fish, and confectionery products.
• E330 - citric acid. It enhances the taste of products and ready meals, regulates acidity and is a preservative. Like other types of acids, in small doses it does no harm. In concentrated form, it can cause burns to the mouth, stomach, esophagus, as well as irritation of the skin and respiratory tract.
• E410, 415, 412 - gum. It is present in desserts, ice cream, processed cheeses, canned fruits and vegetables, pates, sauces, flour products as a natural additive. The substance is known for its jelly-like properties and preventing the crystallization of products. The element is safe for the body, while it has a useful property - a decrease in appetite.
• E471 - di- and monoglycerides of acids (fatty). Substances are stabilizers and emulsifiers of natural type. They are present in pate, mayonnaise, yogurt. Excessive consumption leads to weight gain.
• E500 - baking soda. It is used as a baking powder for bakery and confectionery products, preventing the formation of lumps and caking of finished products. Does not harm human health.
• E917, E916 - potassium and calcium iodides. Supplements that are in the group have not been fully studied. Hypothetically stimulate the work of the gland (thyroid), protect from radiation radiation. Taking a large amount causes poisoning.
• E951 - aspartame, E950 - acesulfame potassium, E952 - sodium cyclamate, E957 - thaumatin, E954 - saccharin, E967 - xylitol, E965 - maltitol, E968 - erythritol (sweeteners and sweeteners). Found in sodas, desserts, hard candies, chewing gums, and some low-calorie foods.

Deciphering the E-additives from the table (harmful and beneficial) remains a matter of controversy. Despite the allocation of a group of neutral substances, some still consider them dangerous. But, like any substance, even neutral elements can cause negative consequences if abused.

Dangerous food additives and their effect on the human body

Some substances, despite their harmful properties, are used in the food industry.

By danger, food E-additives from the table above are divided into the following most well-known elements:

1. E104 - yellow-green quinoline (dye). It is present in sweets, chewing gum, carbonated drinks, groceries, smoked fish, etc. The substance can cause a severe allergic reaction or stomach and intestinal problems. It has a special effect on the children's body.
2. E210, E212, E211, E213 - benzoic acid with derivatives. These substances cause severe harm to human health, especially children. Elements can cause allergic-type reactions, the development of cancerous diseases, and nervous overexcitation. Also, acids can have a negative effect on the respiratory system and intellectual ability person. Despite this, harmful substances are found in many products. Such products include ketchup, chips, canned meat or vegetables, carbonated drinks, juices, etc. However, these E-additives from the table are not prohibited by the Ministry of Health in many countries.
3. E221, E223, E222, E224, E226, E225, E228, E227 - sulfites. The group of these food additives, poorly studied and dangerous for human health, includes many quickly prepared meals (canned vegetables and fruits, instant mashed potatoes, tomato paste, wine, starch, and many others). Sulfites disinfect containers and process all dried fruits. Harmful properties substances consist in the fact that they cause a strong allergic reaction and provoke asthma attacks in the bronchi and diseases of the stomach and intestines by irritating the bronchi. If products containing sulfites are prepared with violations of technology, their use can lead to death.
4. E239 - urotropin. A feature of the action is the ability to increase the shelf life of canned caviar and cheeses. A strong carcinogenic effect makes it possible to classify this substance as harmful to human health. In addition, urotropin is the strongest allergen that contributes to the development of skin diseases.
5. E250, E252, E251 - nitrates and nitrites. These substances are included in the composition of sausages to give pink rich color product. The beneficial effect of nitrates is to protect products from the effects of microbial agents and from oxidation. The elements have no other useful properties. The danger of nitrates and nitrites is a strong carcinogenic effect, due to which colon and lung cancer develops. Some people experience an allergic reaction in the form of suffocation. In addition, substances affect the system of the heart and blood vessels, causing pressure surges in the arteries due to a sharp narrowing and expansion of blood vessels. In the field of nervous activity, these elements cause other actions (headaches, incoordination or convulsions).
6. E280, E282, E281, E283 - propionates (preservatives). These substances are present in dairy products, baked goods and various sauces. Bad influence substances is manifested in the appearance of spasms in the vessels of the brain. Excessive consumption contributes to the appearance of migraines. Elements are prohibited for use in children.
7. E290 - gas (carbon dioxide). Most commonly found in carbonated drinks. Harmful properties consist in the ability to flush out calcium from the human body, which is especially harmful to children, as well as in provoking belching, flatulence, exacerbation of ulcers or gastritis.
8. E510 - ammonium chloride. Improves the dough, being an integral part of yeast, bread, bakery products, diet food or flour. The negative effect is expressed in the harmful effects on the intestines, liver, stomach and intestines.
9. E621 - sodium glutamate. This substance belongs to the most famous food additives. It is an important element of algae, legumes and soy sauce. It enhances the taste, being part of the chips, seasonings, sauces and convenience foods. A small amount of the supplement is harmless to humans. But its systematic or excessive use contributes to the accumulation and deposition of sodium salts in various organs. This can lead to the development of tachycardia, a decrease in visual acuity, the appearance general weakness, severe headaches, nervous agitation, allergic reactions in the form of itching of the skin and facial flushing.

This list is not complete. It contains only the most harmful and dangerous additives, which are very often used.

Prohibited Additives

Prohibited but commonly used substances include the following:

• E102 - tartrazine yellow. It is used to color ice cream, sweets, carbonated drinks and yoghurts. The element can cause severe allergic-type reactions, migraine or nervous overexcitation. In most countries of the world, it is prohibited for use and is extremely dangerous for the health of children.
• E121 - red citrus dye. This substance is added to hard candies, sodas and hard candies. It has strong carcinogenic properties. It is banned for use in most of the world countries.
• E123 - amaranth (dye dark red). It is used in children's favorite jellies, desserts, puddings, ice cream, breakfast cereals, muffins and more. This chemical food additive affects the kidneys and liver, provokes the development of severe allergic-type reactions, runny nose (chronic) and diseases in the field of oncology.
• E240 - formaldehyde. This substance is a preservative that is present in cooked sausages and meat products, various drinks, desserts, jellies, candies, chewing gums and similar products. It has strong carcinogenic properties, causing allergic reactions, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and intoxication in the body.
• E924b, E924a - calcium and potassium bromates. These substances contribute to the improvement of product quality and the oxidation of products in the production of bakery-type products, and are also used as defoamers for drinks that are carbonated. These substances have strong carcinogenic properties. In most of the world's countries, these supplements are banned from use by order of the Ministry of Health.

Tables of harmful and useful E-supplements contain a large number of elements, many of which do not bring human body neither benefit nor harm, affecting only the characteristics food product. At the same time, excessive consumption of any, even the most useful substance from the list of E-supplements, can lead to health problems. Therefore, before using any products, you must carefully read what they consist of. If it contains substances from the category of harmful E-additives, it should be consumed either with caution or not at all.

There are many food E-supplements and most of them are not useful, and some of them harm the body in one way or another. But there are those that not only do no harm, but are also useful. Some of safe food additives E even approved for use by children.

List of non-harmful food additives E.

Listed below are all safe and healthy nutritional supplements E. But, nevertheless, even their children are not recommended to use.

• E101 is vitamin B2.
• E140-141 is chlorophyll ( plant component) and its compounds with copper. Gives plants a green color.
• E160 is a compound that behaves like vitamin A in the human body.
• E160 is a natural dye extracted from carrots, tropical plants, algae, palm oil.
• E161 is lutein, brings little benefit to the organs of vision.
• E163 is a dye obtained naturally from the skin of red grapes, currants, chokeberry and other similar berries.
• E260 is vinegar, which is a fermentation product of natural products.
• E270 is lactic acid.
• E290 is CO 2, it is added to soda.
• E296 is malic acid, belongs to the category of harmless additives, but it is better for children not to use it often.
• E300-302 is ascorbic acid - vitamin C.
• E306-309 is vitamin E - a very important vitamin for a growing organism. There are natural and synthetic.
• E322 is lecithin.
• E330 is citric acid.
• E375 is nicotinic acid (PP, B3) - a vitamin.
• E338, E450 are phosphorus compounds, useful for the skeleton and teeth. Does not harm the body.
• E440 is useful food supplement. It is obtained from natural fruits (usually from apples), it has a jelly structure that collects and removes harmful and unnecessary substances from the intestines.
• E500 is baking soda.
• E641-642 are amino acids that are important for the immune and muscular systems.
• E916-917 are compounds of calcium and iodine - needed by the body. Used for artificial saturation of products with iodine.
• E967 is a birch sweetener. Add to chewing gum and mouth fresheners. Does not cause caries.

Nutritional supplements in baby food.

Food additive - lecithin. Lecithin is needed for the development of the brain and spinal cord child, is responsible for thought processes and memory, promotes better absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. In addition, lecithin helps the body produce energy, which children really need.

Scientists have proven that vegetable lecithin is more useful than natural, so soy lecithin is better.

Food additive - citric acid. Citric acid is part of baby food as a preservative, while almost not causing allergies. Citric acid increases the shelf life, does not allow vitamins to break down, and fats to decay.

Food additive - starch. Basically, hypoallergenic corn and rice starch is used to prepare meat purees to prevent their delamination. The starch helps keep the consistency of the puree in the desired state, when it is better kept on the spoon. In addition, starch helps fruits to be better digested. Purees containing starch are recommended for children older than six months of age.

Note! The red coloring in yogurt is made from insects.

List of other safe food additives E.

• E100 are yellow-orange dyes from turmeric or saffron that are beneficial to the body.
• E152 is coal.
• E162 is a red beet dye.
• E170 is chalk - a source of calcium.
• E297 is fumaric acid.
• E326 is a salt of lactic acid, is part of the processed cheese.
• E406 is agar-agar (extracted from seaweed). Included in all marmalade.
• E410-411 are carob and oat thickeners.
• E420 is sorbitol or its syrup.
• E900-903 is wax. It is used to process fruits, which increases the shelf life. Does not cause harm and does not enter the body if fruits and vegetables are washed with a brush under warm running water or peel them off.
• E905b, c - this is petroleum jelly and paraffin - also for processing vegetables and fruits.
• E958 - it is obtained from licorice root.
• E960 is a stevioside - obtained from grass.

How to reduce the ingestion of E additives in food.

• carefully read the composition of the product;
• the longer the shelf life, the more preservatives and antioxidants;
• do not get fooled by products of unrealistically bright colors; we recommend purchasing fruits and vegetables on the market from private traders; minimize the use of chips, packaged food, salty crackers, breakfast cereals, and so on (especially in children);
• it’s better for children to make juices yourself, prepare juices for the winter from fruits grown personally;
• pay attention - sometimes instead of preservatives, ready-to-eat products contain large amounts of salt or sugar;
• eat less sausages, canned meat, smoked meats - these products more often than others contain carcinogens and substances that can be attributed to poisons;
• baby food for the smallest, it is made without dyes, preservatives, flavors, etc., and vegetables and fruits bought at the supermarket are treated with special substances that prolong their safety, so baby puree from jars for babies can be more useful than homemade freshly prepared;
• parents whose children suffer from allergies, have chronic diseases of the internal organs, the list of nutritional supplements E should be studied in more detail.