Nutrition of a child at 1 5. Nutrition of a child from one and a half to three years. Meat products and poultry

After the baby is one year old, we can gradually switch to four meals a day. This means: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea, dinner. Between breakfast and lunch, you can give your child one of the fruit juices or an apple.

Thus, your child is already switching to the so-called adult diet.

The main meal is at the usual time: at 8.00, at 12.00, at 18.00. Between these techniques - an additional technique. Variations are possible (taking into account the daily routine that you have chosen).
From a year to one and a half years, the daily amount of food for a child should be 1000-1200 ml. And from one and a half to three years - up to 1400 ml. Of course, the indicated volumes should not be kept too strictly, since much depends on the type of food and its nutritional value.

Child's diet from one to three years

You can offer your child the following diet:

8.00 (breakfast) - 150 g of milk, bun; instead of a bun, you can give black bread with butter or white bread with jam (with honey); vitamin preparation (D);
10.00 (second breakfast) - fruit or vegetable puree or half a glass of juice (apple, tomato, orange); if the appetite does not suffer, you can give the child bread and butter;
12.00 (lunch) - first course: soup (liquid without fail) - vegetable or meat or broth - 60-100 ml; second course: if there was meat soup or broth, give the second course without meat - porridge, pudding, potatoes, noodles with cottage cheese, etc.; if the soup was vegetarian, the second course could be meat or fish with a garnish of vegetables or cereals; total serving size - 150-200 g; compote, tea or jelly - from 100 to 150 ml;
15.00 (afternoon snack) - milk or kefir - 150-200 ml;
18.00 (dinner) - salad, porridge, pudding, cottage cheese; yogurt, cheese, bread and butter, small slices of ham can be
milk, etc. (total from 250 to 350 g); compote tea or jelly (60-80 g).

You can try a different diet (note, meal times are slightly different):
8.00 (breakfast) - vegetable puree or one of milk porridges, meat or fish dish - only 250-260 g; milk or a weak coffee drink - 120-150 ml;
12.00 (lunch) - vegetable salad - 40-50 g; vegetable soup or meat broth - 60-100 ml; meat or fish dish with a side dish (vegetable puree, porridge) - total volume 150-200 g; fruit juice - 120-150 g;
16.00 (afternoon snack) - milk or kefir - 150-200 ml; bun, or biscuit, or cookies - 20-40 g; fresh fruit - 120-150 g;
20.00 (dinner) - porridge or some vegetable dish - 150-200 g; milk or kefir - 120-150 ml; fruit -50-70 g.

The meat from which you prepare meals for the baby must certainly be fresh. Likewise, dishes - do not leave them stored until the next day. Even if they are in the refrigerator, the nutritional value of the food decreases over time.
It is not recommended to give your baby such products as sausages, sausages, wieners, as they are prepared from meat, which can hardly be called high-grade.

Avoid giving your child smoked foods. They almost certainly contain pepper and other additives. It is harmful for a child. In addition, a baby's taste sensitivity is much richer than that of an adult. Foods with an abundance of spices can spoil (dull) your child's taste.

If you include fish in your diet, be very careful about small bones.

After a year and a half, you can give your child vegetables, not pureed, but chopped. First, cut into smaller pieces; over time and large. The child must learn to chew. It is useful to put stress on the teeth. Such food (not mashed) is also useful for the gastrointestinal tract: lumps of unchewed food irritate the intestines and stimulate its speedy emptying.
The child's diet should be sufficiently high in fiber. Why is fiber useful? .. It is not digested and serves as a basis for the formation of feces. When there is a lot of fiber in the intestines, it is easier for it to empty. A large amount of fiber is found in legumes, vegetables and fruits, and bread.

It is better not to give peas, beans, beans in an undrinked form to small children. After three years, give carefully.

Milk and dairy products are one of the most important sources of building material for a child, so there should be enough of them in the diet. A child as opposed to an adult construction material is needed not only to restore worn-out cells in tissues, but also to grow new ones. In addition to protein, milk and dairy products contain a lot of mineral salts, as well as important vitamins A and B.

Milk should be given to the child only fresh. Before using it, be sure to boil it. The volume of milk a baby needs per day is 700-750 ml.

By the end of the second year, some portions of milk (for example, for breakfast or for dinner) can be replaced with dairy products: sour milk, sour milk, cottage cheese, cheese. Cottage cheese contains a lot of proteins and fats, so cottage cheese is especially valuable. Not all cheeses are suitable - spicy cheeses are excluded. Children are very fond of curd snacks.
A very valuable product is butter. The oil contains such important vitamins as A and D.

When a child turns two years old, he can already eat any fruit. While the child is small, the fruits are rubbed through a grater, over time he receives fruits cut into small slices. And only by the age of three can you give him whole fruit.
It is preferable to use raw fruits - they contain significantly more vitamins. In addition to vitamins, fruits contain very healthy fruit sugar and mineral salts. Do not get carried away with citrus fruits; Although they are useful and contain a lot of vitamin C, they can cause an allergic reaction. In general, some authors believe that in relation to vegetables and fruits, emphasis should be placed on those that grow in your area. They are the most harmonious for you and will not cause such allergic manifestations as many exotic fruits.

Some fruits and berries should be given with caution - little by little. For example, large quantities of pears can cause stomach upset; plums weaken somewhat; apples cause increased gas formation ...
If not in season and there is a lack of fruit, they can be successfully replaced with raw vegetables. Carrots are very useful and children love them.

In addition to vitamins, mineral salts, fiber, vegetables and fruits contain sugar. It is necessary for the child's body as a source of energy. But this is not the sugar that lies in your sugar bowl, in general, it is not recommended to artificially sweeten food for a child under 3 years old, or even more. This will ensure good digestion and healthy teeth. Sweets with sugar and chocolate are also not recommended, replace them with dried fruits and honey.

Salt or not salt food for the child?

The child eats salted food with a greater appetite than fresh food. This is explained not only by the taste of food, with a salt content of about 10%, the most effective breakdown of food by saliva occurs, digestion and appetite are improved. Vegetables and meat have just the right salt content and if you steam them, you don't need to add salt. If you boil meat, vegetables in water, you need to salt - a pinch of salt for children per 100 ml.

Your little one has just celebrated his first "anniversary" - he is one year old. He has learned a lot this year. Should his eating habits change now?

Perhaps we can say that your baby has entered a transitional stage in nutrition. He is no longer baby... The kid will begin to master the "food environment" more and more and to approach adults in his eating habits and preferences. But it takes a baby some time to gradually rebuild to a new style of food.

By this age, great changes have also occurred in the baby's digestive system. First, he has already acquired his own teeth. As a rule, by the age of 1 year children have 6-10 milk teeth. Chewing skills of the baby are rapidly improving. In this process, an interest in chewing food, which "gets" the crumbs in a coarsely chopped or even non-chopped form, plays an important role. Secondly, the activity of digestive enzymes produced in various parts of the baby's digestive tract has significantly increased. This means that he is already ready to digest and assimilate much more complex foods than six months ago. Thirdly, the child has already become acquainted with many tastes of dishes, it is likely that he has already formed certain taste preferences. Further modification of nutrition should be associated not only with an increase in the nutritional value of the diet, but also with an expansion of the baby's taste knowledge.

Typically, breastfeeding after 1 year occurs early in the morning and late in the evening, before bedtime. Often, even at this age, night feedings are preserved. There is nothing wrong with that: it is impossible to overfeed with breast milk. In addition, recent studies make it possible to say with confidence that nocturnal breastfeeding not only does not increase the risk of developing caries, but on the contrary - prevents its development. Antibodies in breast milk inhibit the growth of staphylococcus, which is the main cause of tooth decay.

If the baby has already stopped receiving breast milk, but continues to "apply" at night to the bottle with the formula or even juice, then this must be stopped. Unfortunately, formula differs in properties from breast milk. Therefore, their use, especially at night, significantly increases the risk of developing caries. The fact is that after them, as after any meal, the acid-base balance in oral cavity strongly shifts to the acidic side, which creates the prerequisites for the destruction of tooth enamel. And in general, by the age of one and a half, the baby should already be weaned from eating at night (this does not apply to breastfeeding), since this disrupts sleep, impairs appetite during the day and does not give parents.

When and how much to feed the baby?

Up to 1.5 years old, you can leave the baby five meals a day, but if you notice that the child refuses the last (fifth) feeding, then it’s time to transfer him to the "adult" four times a day: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. In this case, the intervals between feedings are 3.5-4 hours. It is during this period, according to research data, that the eaten food is evacuated from the stomach of the crumbs, that is, it is ready for the next meal. The established diet should be followed quite clearly: try not to deviate from the "schedule" for more than 15-30 minutes. With the observance of the feeding regime, a clearer work of the entire digestive system is observed: the food reflex determines the formation of a good appetite, digestive juices are produced in a timely manner and in sufficient quantities, which allows you to digest and assimilate food well. With erratic eating, such a reflex is almost not developed, the secretion of enzymes and juices is reduced, and food is processed worse. Try not to give your baby anything between feedings - fruits, juices, dairy products, and even more sweets. This is especially true for children with reduced appetite. Such "snacks" reduce the appetite of the crumbs, knock down the established mechanism for the production of digestive juices, therefore, during the main meals, he may refuse certain useful products.

The calorie content of a child's daily diet at 12-18 months is about 1300 kcal, the amount of food is 1000-1200 ml. The distribution of this amount throughout the day is fairly even: breakfast and dinner - 25% each, lunch - 35%, afternoon tea - 15%. It is estimated that for every kilogram of body weight, a one-year-old child needs about 4 g of protein, 4 g of fat and 16 g of carbohydrates per day. In this case, proteins of animal origin should make up at least 70% of their total daily amount, vegetable fats - about 13% of the total amount of fat.

What to serve at the table?

By the age of 1, your baby is most likely familiar with almost all types of products. After 1 year, the modification of the diet involves both turning to new products and a gradual change in the method of their preparation and the degree of grinding.

Thoracic or non-thoracic?
Despite the fact that the baby has already formally left the ranks of infants, it is perhaps still too early to wean him from the breast, especially in the hot season (the latter circumstance significantly increases the risk of catching an intestinal infection). Many pediatricians believe it is worth breastfeeding until about 20-24 months. After all, breastfeeding not only gives the baby the opportunity to get tasty milk, but also allows you to feel maternal warmth and care, providing psychological comfort. We must also not forget that milk at this age remains extremely useful: it contains special substances that stimulate the development, in particular of the brain, many vitamins, antibodies, and is easily and completely absorbed.

Dairy products in a child's nutrition

Dairy products still occupy an important place in the diet. They are a source of valuable calcium, B vitamins, as well as a supplier of protein and milk fat. After 1 year, the baby can be offered kefir (up to 200 ml per day), yogurt (200-300 ml). It is better not to exceed the recommended amount, since lactic acid products are rich in acidic compounds, which can overload both the digestive and excretory systems of the baby. It is better that the yoghurt is specially made for. If you give your crumb "adult" yoghurts, make sure that they are low-fat (dairy, not creamy) and contain as little sucrose, preservatives, flavors and other artificial additives as possible. Of course, it is better to prefer "live" yoghurts - they allow you to maintain a healthy intestinal flora. Such yoghurts have a limited shelf life (usually no more than 2 weeks), and they can only be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8 ° C. If the yoghurt packaging indicates that the shelf life exceeds 1 month, then this product has undergone heat treatment and does not contain live lactic acid cultures. Also, milk formulas remain relevant - the so-called "follow-up formulas", that is, those that are intended for feeding children after 6 months. Why is it worth offering them to a baby even after 1 year? The fact is that nutritionists are increasingly agreeing to postpone a baby's acquaintance with whole cow's milk at least until 2-2.5 years old, which is associated with a high frequency of allergic reactions to cow's milk protein.

Other important dairy products are cottage cheese and cheese. After 1 year, the daily dose of cottage cheese can be increased to 70 g per day. Some parents prefer to give it to their children every other day, but in a dose of about 140 g. Cottage cheese can be given in "pure" form, or you can make a pudding, casserole from it, closer to one and a half years - make cheese cakes. Cheese is more often used in grated form as an additive to pasta. But some kids love to nibble on cheese with their teeth. In this case, this product will also contribute to the formation of chewing skills.

Butter is most often used as an additive to cereals or spread on bread. The recommended dose is about 12 g per day. It is better not to cook butter (that is, add it to ready-made dishes).

After 1 year, you can use low-fat sour cream and cream in small quantities. Sour cream is best suited for dressing first courses, cream - for making sauces for second courses.

Fruits and vegetables in a child's diet

Fruits and vegetables should also be well represented on the kid's table. After 1 year, you can slowly introduce your baby to new types of fruits and berries: strawberries, cherries, cherries, kiwi, apricots, peaches, currants, gooseberries, chokeberry, sea buckthorn, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries, blueberries, lingonberries and even citrus fruits. Of course, such acquaintances should be well thought out, and the mother will have to carefully observe the reaction of the baby to each new product introduced. In children with allergic reactions, it is best not to take new steps without consulting an allergist or pediatrician. Berries, which have a fairly dense peel, are best chopped in mashed potatoes, while soft juicy fruits (apricots, peaches, kiwi) can be offered to the baby in slices. Even if your beloved little one tolerates well exotic fruits (citrus fruits, kiwi), do not give a lot of them: these fruits contain quite a lot of vegetable acids, which in large quantities can irritate the delicate mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Grapes enhances the fermentation processes in the intestines and overloads the child's diet with carbohydrates. However, it is relatively poor in vitamins. That is why nutritionists recommend starting its use at a later age - closer to three years. Fruit can be given to the baby at the end of the main meals, can also be added to porridge, mixed with dairy products. The recommended dose of fruit is about 200-250 g per day. To this amount, you can add another 100 ml of fruit juice. If before 1 year clarified juices should have been preferred, then after 1 year it is quite possible to give the crumbs juices and nectars with pulp.

The baby's vegetable menu can be enriched with beets, turnips, tomatoes, green peas, beans. Legumes should be given to children in small quantities and only in a well-cooked and thoroughly chopped form, since these foods are rich in coarse fiber, which causes increased gas production in the intestines, increases peristalsis, which can lead to abdominal pain and loose stools. Vegetables are mainly used in soups and garnishes for meat and fish dishes. They can not only be boiled, but also stewed. At the age of 1 year, they are given in the form of mashed potatoes, closer to one and a half years, you can start offering the baby soft boiled or stewed vegetables in pieces. Closer to one and a half years, you can sometimes start offering the crumbs and garden herbs - dill, parsley, cilantro, wild garlic, spinach, salad, green onions... Finely chopped greens can be added to soups and main courses before serving.

It is better to add vegetable oils at the final stage of cooking vegetables in order to subject them to heat treatment as little as possible, since in the process of heating any fats, carcinogens are formed that are harmful to the health of not only a baby, but even an adult.

Meat, fish, eggs in a child's diet

Meat products are given in the form of steamed cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, meat soufflé and pudding in an amount of 100 g daily. Towards the middle of the second year, you can offer your baby stew in small pieces, but make sure that he does not choke. Many types of meat are still used in the diet: beef, veal, lean pork, rabbit, turkey, chicken, as well as offal - liver, tongue, heart, brains. Meat of waterfowl (duck, goose) and lamb are rich in refractory fats, which complicates the digestion and absorption of these meats, so they can only be given from time to time.

Fish should be offered once or twice a week, 30-40 g per dose as a substitute meat dishes... You can cook fish cakes (steam) or meatballs, stew fish fillets.

Eggs also have great importance c after 1 year, as they are rich in valuable nutrients - easily digestible protein, valuable amino acids, vitamins (A, D, E), phospholipids, minerals, micro- and macroelements. Egg white is absorbed almost completely - by 96-97%, fats - by about 95%. Only chicken and quail eggs are used to feed babies. Waterfowl eggs are excluded due to the high risk of transmission of dangerous infections. Quail eggs differ from chicken eggs not only in their higher protein content (with a large amount of the essential amino acid tryptophan), but also in their higher fat and cholesterol content. Children under 1.5 years old should be offered eggs only cooked (hard-boiled) or in the form of omelets in milk (they can also contain various vegetables). Raw (and in addition, "soft-boiled" and "in a bag" eggs are less digestible, since they contain undenatured protein, and are also dangerous from the point of view of transmission of infections. The omelet is convenient to cook in the microwave. Then it will not be fried, as on frying pan, and baked, without a crust. The omelet mass is poured into a bowl intended for microwave ovens (without using oil) and put in the oven for 2-3 minutes. In addition, eggs are added to other products during the preparation of various dishes (cheesecakes, pancakes, etc.). Since eggs are a product with high allergenic properties (quail eggs are still much less allergenic than chicken eggs), they should not be given to children daily, it is better to do it 3 times a week or every other day. The recommended dose of eggs is% chicken eggs per day or whole - every other day. For quail eggs, the dose is approximately doubled.

Cereals, flour and bakery products in the child's diet

Cereals are widely used in baby food. Oatmeal and buckwheat are especially useful for babies; you can also use corn, rice, millet and other types of cereals. It will be easier for a one-year-old baby to chew and swallow if the porridge has a uniform consistency, so instant porridges are often used. Closer to one and a half years, you can give well-boiled cereals without additional chopping.

From time to time can be used in children's nutrition pasta... They can be served as a side dish or used to dress in soup. However, they should not be abused, since they are rich in easily digestible carbohydrates. It is recommended to offer them to your baby once or twice a week.

Bread is also used in the diet of children of this age. Until 1.5 years old, it is better to offer babies only white bread: it is easier to digest. The total amount of bread per day should not exceed 100 g. Starting from 1.5 years old, you can include a little rye bread in the diet (up to 50 g per day). Children under 1.5 years old are not offered rye bread, since the sour dough from which it is prepared causes fermentation in the intestines.

Other products

Drinking can be represented by pure water (better not boiled, but bottled "for baby food"), dairy products, fruit and vegetable juices, compotes (it is desirable that they be cooked without any sweetener at all or with the addition of a small amount of fructose), weakly brewed tea, herbal decoctions (chamomile, fennel, mint, etc.). (even mineral water) is not recommended for children under 3 years old, since the carbon dioxide contained in these drinks irritates the gastrointestinal tract mucosa. Let the baby regulate the amount of fluid consumed. It will, of course, depend on the season, ambient temperature and motor activity of the crumbs.

Table salt is used in small amounts - about 0.5-1 g per day.

Grapes enhances fermentation processes, so it is recommended to give it to children no earlier than three years old.

Sweets. You can add a little sugar to sweeten some foods that your baby may not like. It is better to prefer fructose: it is absorbed and absorbed by the body more slowly and evenly (which almost excludes sudden changes in blood glucose levels), does not require insulin to penetrate the cells of the body (that is, it does not create overloads in the work of the pancreas), and it disturbs the acid-base balance less oral cavity (which means less contributes to the development of caries). In addition, when properly prepared, it is almost 1.75 times sweeter than sucrose, which allows it to be consumed in small quantities. You can use fresh fruits and berries, as well as dried fruits to add flavor to porridge and cottage cheese. In addition, occasionally babies can be pampered with sweets (ideally, they can also be made on fructose - you can find such products on the shelves of health food stores) - marshmallows, marshmallows, jam, jam and, of course, honey (provided that the baby carries it). The total dose of sugars per day is 30-40 g for children 1-1.5 years old.

not so long ago they wrote that their baby does not eat so much, but it was written with such an indignant accent, I even smiled a little :) I want to say that children are all different, even adults have different appetites. And children are the same people as adults, mothers, there is no need to raise a panic. How much a child eats means that he needs so much. He will not leave himself hungry, he has developed a protective reflex from birth, and he announces hunger by crying (if he still cannot speak). The most important thing is to gain some grams of weight. And if, on the contrary, he loses a kilogram, then you need to sound the alarm. And if completely lethargic, he does not play. Otherwise, everything is good with your children! Let's turn on the mind, not emotions :) but on the topic: our son eats well TTT, does not refuse anything, eats 200 grams, and even 300 grams for breakfast (porridge 200 and cottage cheese 100). He is now 1.4 years old and has started to have more snacks between meals. Today, before the last feeding, an hour before, I asked for a steering wheel. I think this is due to his increased activity (he walks more on the street).