Complex organization of the interior by means of decoration. How to create bright accents in the interior? Paintings for the interior

1. Concept of style

2.Characteristic of styles

In the interior design of any room, there are so-called interior styles (style directions). Style is a set of features, a unity of expressive techniques and means, an artistic or ideological community, inherent both in a certain time or direction in architecture, and in a specific person or his home. One or the other interior style- this is a harmonious combination of certain features, the unity of the artistic direction. Style is the language of expression of the main idea of \u200b\u200ba design project.

The choice of style is one of the most important criteria for creating a hotel interior design. Not only the appearance of the room depends on it, but also the atmosphere of coziness and comfort. Interior design styles are quite diverse: from classic to hi-tech, and all kinds of foreign style trends can also be attributed here.

In the modern world, there are conditionally two main style groups, historical styles and modern styles. Often they are called classics and modernity, although logically such terminology is erroneous, since there is an independent historical style Modern with its own characteristics that have nothing to do with modern styles.

“The first group includes the styles of Ancient Egyptian, Ancient Greek, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Empire, Classicism, Romanticism and Eclecticism, Art Nouveau (Secession, Jugenstil, Art Nouveau), Art Deco, Modernism, Postmodernism, Constructivism, deconstructivism.

The group of modern styles includes high-tech, country, eco-style, English style, art-belief, minimalism, ethnic, fusion, pop art, various author's styles, etc. Often interior designers combine elements of different styles and get an individual , unlike anything interior "33.

Style is the language of design, project, composition. Since this language is alive, it tends to borrow certain elements from another linguistic environment. So the style borrows various elements, forming a mysterious symbiosis. Borrowing, in turn, forms eclecticism in a successful combination of circumstances, and in not skillful hands kitsch - bad taste. The borderline between kitsch and eclecticism is very fragile and requires skill to properly connect. Knowledge of composition, delicate taste are required, in the interior - knowledge of textures and materials. Merging these important parameters and form the "style".

The most characteristic are historical styles (gothic, baroque, classicism, empire, neoclassicism, modern, minimalism, ethnic), as well as fusion style, i.e. mixing styles. Let's consider some of them and their stylistic features.

Gothic style . The origin of the original Gothic style of the interior took place in the Middle Ages, when the architectural style was strongly influenced by religious organizations and civil architecture adopted the characteristic features of architectural temples. The further development of the Gothic style of the interior took place in the Victorian era, and then continued at the end of the last century, under the influence of the Goth subculture.

Although the origins of the Gothic style are the religious buildings of Europe, it also applies to university, civilian buildings and residential interiors. The dramatic design of the NotreDameCathedral in Paris, France has elements that are still in use today. Such elements include arches over windows and doors, patterns and ornaments, ribbed vaults. The architects of the Middle Ages used innovative technologies at that time, which made it possible to carry out thin masonry and erect monumental structures with sharp spiers, decorative stone decoration and an abundance of stained glass and stained glass.

In the following centuries, the focus of architectural interest shifted to living quarters, tastes of the West returned to romantic nature and Gothic forms, and the revival of the Gothic style took place in the 18-19th centuries. The Victorian era had the promotion of construction technologies and the development of complex architectural forms based on wooden structures... Such designs were used in the United States as part of support to timber producers, which gave new impetus to the development of the Gothic style in exteriors and interiors.

Elements of Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival are used in the construction and decoration of modern homes and in the decoration of interior spaces. The most characteristic elements of the Gothic style in the interior are elongated pointed arches, fireplaces, stained glass windows and wooden beams under the ceilings. Floors are usually covered with heavy materials such as stone, slabs or planks with metal braces.

The basic colors of the Gothic interior are ocher, purple, red, black, gold and natural metal colors. Special shades are introduced with the addition of wooden panels on the doors, wide wooden skirting boards, wall decoration with frescoes, stained glass windows or masonry. Tapestries and velvet when decorating window openings bring the necessary mood to the Gothic interior. Furniture is finished using velvet, carvings, chiseled legs in elongated planes. Of the decorative elements in the Gothic interior, candles, forged products, sculptures, crosses are used.

Colored stained-glass windows are widely used in the interior, turning the streams of natural light into a mysterious play of colored highlights. The Gothic style is also characterized by a frame system, pointed arches, and rose windows. The compositional center of the interior is a fireplace with a pyramidal hood. The furniture is massive, made of dark wood, decorated with carved ornaments. The ornament uses the lancet arch motif and plant motifs (grape leaves, ivy, clover leaves, shamrocks). Fabrics and carpets are very popular. The color scheme is rich.

Baroque style refers to the 17th century. This luxurious, whimsical, pompous style is associated primarily with the name of the king - the Sun of Louis XIV. This style is characterized by emotionality, brightness of colors, splendor of decoration. Baroque is known for its style-forming element - the plasticity of the wall, thanks to which the wall seems to be deprived of its main feature - reliability and monumentality, acquiring unprecedented dynamics. Deliberate complication appears in the interior, rounded corners, many mirrors, gilded stucco molding, ceiling paintings using the effect of "flowing" of space into the "sky-high". The interiors are richly decorated with painting, stucco decoration of wavy, bizarre shapes. Versailles is a classic example of the Baroque style. The art of illusion is characteristic of the Baroque. The desire to impress the viewer is expressed in exaggerated dimensions, emphasized dynamic forms, spectacular angles and an abundance of decor. Very effective, emotional and festive style.

The facade and interior are richly decorated with such decorative elements as bas-reliefs, sculptural groups, vases, etc.

In the middle of the 17th century, a new style came to replace the baroque - Rococo . The symbol of the style from which this name comes is Rocaille (French shell) Refined, feminine, boudoir style that arose from the Baroque. This is the style of the secular salons and the Marquise de Pompadour. In the design of interiors, techniques are used that break the construct of a building, mirrors, huge murals, smoothing of the corners between the wall and ceiling, the widespread use of the oval for the compositional decoration of rectangular planes. Furniture becomes elegant, chamber, whimsical. The color scheme becomes more pastel compared to the rich baroque brightness. The lines of furniture and decorative elements are curved. Sinks are used as decoration. The interior feels lightness, gallantry, secular ease, an atmosphere of refined and carefree pastime.

Classic style originates in the era of classicism of the late 17th early 19th century. The name of the style, translated from the Latin classicus, means exemplary, indicative, showing a desire for an ideal model, a standard. The classical interior reflects the noble ideas of the "golden age" - idealization and heroic elevation of laws in nature, the observance of order and hierarchy in the human world.

Term "classic"was born in the ancient era of the Middle Ages to determine the highest strata of the population, the elite Ancient Rome... Since then, the epithet "classic" has been accompanied by a style or direction in any sphere of everyday life, culture and art, accepted as traditional by all the peoples of the world. Therefore, the classic interior can be successfully called elite.

A traditional feature of the classic interior is the graceful furnishings of furniture in strict geometric proportions, straight lines are observed in everything: in the construction of columns, in the creation of door and window openings, balustrades of balconies, stairs and terraces. In the era of classicism, the adherence to the observance of enfilades in the Boroque style remains - the interiors adjoin each other sequentially, and the doorways are located along the same axis, creating a through interior. The basic principles of a classic interior are rationalism in everything, the tendency to achieve comfort and harmony through simplicity and at the same time rigor, logical clarity, completeness. Most of the items created in the era of classicism are considered to be rarities. The classical style of the interior received equal recognition both among the aristocracy and among the democratic-minded society, and surpassed the popularity of the pretentious and pretentious styles of Boroque and Rococo in the era of classicism.

Stiff porcelain candelabra and crystal chandeliers replaced candlesticks made of precious metals and cabinet lamps, sconces, floor lamps with monotonous colors of monolithic glass shades. The chronometers that have lost their relevance are gradually replacing the monumental grandfather clocks. Fireplaces made of marble made an alternative to tiled stoves with multi-colored paintings. The classic interior preferred the austerity of the rectangular windows with transparent glazing. Artistic genres of landscape and portrait that flourished in the era of classicism became an integral part of the classic interior: images of natural phenomena and heroic personalities in gilded frames became a worthy decoration of the walls of halls, living rooms and bedrooms. Accessories made of fragile porcelain and ductile silver replace practical and durable bronze, marble sculpture. The furniture retains the natural decor of natural wood with no gilding. Textiles for the upholstery of soft furniture parts, window decoration and wall decoration are chosen from silk and satin in noble restrained colors. In a classic interior, velor and brocade draperies with a large, majestic pattern acquire signs of excessive luxury. Books are becoming an indispensable attribute of a classic interior instead of rare jewelry.

The modern interior, decorated in a classic style, is a room of the correct shape, light, radiating peace and stable family comfort. The classic interior is not excessive, not overloaded with details. In a classic interior, there are usually many mirrors that expand the room and give it shine. Columns with bronze capitals very organically complement the classic interior, fireplaces are decorated with marble.

White furniture combined with gilding and pastel upholstery and walls is also a very common option. The style will also be characterized by furniture in the color of natural noble wood with a bronze finish and blue-green or pink shades textiles in upholstery, curtains.

“The fabrics go well with the shape of the upholstered furniture and the color of the wood. Curtains and draperies of windows of a classic interior with a complex graceful shape, with noble folds, serve as a decoration for the window and the interior as a whole. In the interior decoration, brushes or fabrics similar in tone and texture are used ”34.

For lighting, most often used are chandeliers made of crystal, natural transparent stone or expensive glass. Bronze or gilded chandeliers with shades imitating candles look good in the interior. Modern spot lighting does not conflict with the classic style, but rather organically fits into the interior.

Tables and chairs in the dining room with graceful carved legs and china, thin, almost transparent, with a discreet pattern and gilding. Mandatory attributes of a classic interior are fireplaces, cozy low armchairs, low tea and coffee tables, an abundance of light, soft light hand-made carpets, parquet flooring from precious woods and lamps that look like jewelry.

With all their diversity, elegant and somewhat ceremonial interiors in the classical style do not look like museum exhibits, because they retain the main features of the style: nobility and restraint, harmony and good taste, and the owner of the house in the classical style confirms his high social status and respectability.

Empire style (from French.empire - empire) - the style of the first three decades of the nineteenth century. This style is the highest point, completing the chord of classicism, a style that gained popularity during the reign of Napoleon I. This style was supposed to reflect the power and greatness of the French Empire. The solemn, military triumphal style imitated the luxury of the Roman Empire. It is characterized by monumental forms and rich decor (emblems, ornament). Expensive, high-quality materials were used in the decoration: silk, mahogany, bronze, basalite. Empire style also included some ancient Egyptian elements that came into fashion after Napoleon's Egyptian campaign. These are massive geometric volumes, and ancient Egyptian ornaments, and stylized sphinxes. The Empire style was very typical for the use of symbols with a military theme: military armor, laurel wreaths, shields, eagles, etc. In a number of countries, the Empire style became an expression of the ideas of state independence.

The Empire style was strictly sustained in applied art, in heavy furniture with emphasized geometric lines and shapes, in products of the art industry, massive, well-finished. The furniture has acquired peculiar features: supporting parts in the form of griffins, animal paws, antique germs. The armchairs, like other seating furniture, were quite uncomfortable and rigid, as pomp was preferable to comfort.

For the Empire style, in contrast to most styles, another feature is characteristic: its inherent regulation almost completely excluded the emergence of religious movements and schools. That is why it is correct to call only the art of France at the beginning of the nineteenth century “Empire”. Only one country, Russia, has adopted the "Empire style". But for Russia, the Empire style was not focused on the figure of Emperor Alexander, it was inspired by the idea of \u200b\u200bnational unity.

Empire style is a style of aristocracy that does not go out of fashion to this day. The Empire style design is characterized by heavy weight, clear forms and intricate finishes. The wallpaper can be replaced with cloth and the same cloth can be used to cover the lampshades of all lamps in the room.

In this style, everything is designed to show luxury: rich heavy draperies, metal decorations, on the walls - old engravings, embossing or paintings in beautiful frames.

“When choosing an Empire style, it is better to give preference to dark colored furniture (black, chestnut or mahogany). And let it be squat - in general, everything tall in rooms made in the Empire style is best avoided. Chairs, for example, are preferable with a low back, wide, soft. Chests of drawers are typical of this style. In such a room, leather furniture and massive floor lamps with fabric shades are also appropriate ”35.

In the furniture of the Empire style, mahogany, walnut, and Karelian birch are also used in Russia. The thread is practically not used.

The supporting parts of tables, armchairs, chairs, sofas are made in the form of antique herms, sphinxes, griffins, columns and lion's paws, borrowed from the ruins of ancient Rome and the excavations of Pompeii. In the form of furniture, rectangular, massive, closed forms are used, profiles and protrusions on it are rare.

Both armchairs and all other seating furniture are rigid. Empire style furniture prefers splendor to the detriment of ease of use.

There are two types of Empire style: European and Russian. For european Empire characterized by an abundance of gold, bronze, marble, stucco, columns, mirrors, painting on the walls and ceiling; picturesque panels, heavy draperies on the windows. The furniture was made of valuable species - mahogany, Karelian birch, ash, pear, etc. It has strict, regular, symmetrical shapes, decorated with carvings. Tableware, candelabra and other accessories made of silver and bronze have calm straight shapes with smooth surfaces and are decorated with engraving.

Russian Empire calmer, lyrical and less lush. Distinctive features - graceful stucco moldings on ceilings and walls. Lightness and comfort prevail in the interior. Lots of white. Subdued colors are used for walls and draperies. Large windows and many mirrors, fireplaces, patterned parquet from precious wood. Carpets on the floors, crystal chandeliers are in harmony with furniture upholstery, stage decoration, draperies on the windows, tablecloths and napkins in delicate pastel colors. The stucco moldings on the ceilings are combined with large openwork chandeliers, giving soft, diffused light. The creator of the St. Petersburg Empire style is considered to be the "Russian Italian" K. Rossi.

Minimalism formed in the 60s of the twentieth century. The main principle of the style is nothing more. The space is organized in an extremely laconic, functional way, simple geometric shapes are used, large surfaces are filled with one color. The color scheme can be as simple as monochrome. However, only expensive, high-quality materials are used in the decoration.

Nowadays, it is not becoming as fashionable as it was in the 90s. But like anything that is fashionable, this style can transform over time, absorbing the latest elements and becoming popular again. Minimalism is characterized by the absence of patterns, decors, and a small number of accessories.

At the moment, the dominant concept in the design of modern hotels and openings in the hospitality industry is the style of comfortable minimalism. “The ideology of this style is based on simple geometric shapes, there are no circles and radii, contrasting colors prevail, as a rule, these are bleached oak and wenge” 36. The style of comfortable minimalism opens up unlimited possibilities for developing the design of rooms and public spaces. It provides designers with a wide palette of colors to create both bright and calm interiors for any concept, be it a country or city hotel, club room, house or apartment. Comfortable minimalism is an established style, it will not lose its relevance and will certainly be popular for several more decades.

Minimalism is a modern interpretation of the ancient oriental style. His motto: giving up the necessary in favor of the most necessary .

Minimalism is not just free space - it is a style that means careful thought over every detail. In such a room, the number of items is minimal, but they perform all the functions necessary for a comfortable stay.

The most important thing when creating such interiors is a well-planned space, in which there is a lot of diffused, calm light, when it seems that the walls and ceiling themselves are shining, a lot of air. To create a feeling of breadth and spaciousness, the room is freed from internal partitions whenever possible. Large windows, saturating the space with light, connect the home with the outside world, making it part of the interior.

Minimalism came to us from Japanese culture. Traditionally, it was built on combinations of light and shade, so earth tones, as well as white, gray and black colors, prevail in such an interior. The minimalist interior is light and free. Color helps to create a sense of spaciousness. The absence of a large number of shades and color combinations enlarges the room, as if filling it with air.

Any colors can be used in the design, however, preference is given to light ones. The colors of traditional minimalism are gray, beige, sand, black and their variations. Various tones of green combined with white and brown are also appropriate.

Also, this style is characterized by a combination of black and white graphic interior design with the addition of furniture and accessories in rich colors. However, such color spots should be nothing more than accents.

The shape of the interior items should be simple (the absence of numerous folds on sofas, a straight back of the chairs, straight legs at the table, etc.), although curved lines are also allowed (for example, a rounded sofa line that repeats the bend of a bay window).

“The materials must be of high quality. For the manufacture of furniture in the style of minimalism, as before, they use wood, stone, natural fabrics.

Metal elements are made of steel or aluminum (from the latter, mainly profiles are made). Glass is mainly used frosted. Straight smooth surfaces finished with such materials emphasize the graphic and laconic style of the interior ”37.

The use of metal in the interior, minimalism gives it a sharp modernity: metal countertops in the kitchen, chair legs, shelving racks. And sunlight reflected from glass and smooth metal creates an atmosphere of lightness. Simple natural finishing materials are used, often untreated, with a coarse texture: brick, concrete, wood or plaster.

Neoclassicism (from the French Classicisme) - the general name of the artistic movements of the second half of the 19th-20th centuries, based on the classical traditions of the art of antiquity, the Renaissance, classicism. This style is characterized by emphasized nobility, severity and clarity.

Neoclassicism is characterized by calm rectangular forms, restrained and at the same time varied decorative design, full of dignity, but not pretentious appearance, verified proportions.

The premises, made in the neoclassical style, are distinguished by a significant size of rooms, wide flights of stairs. In the reproduction of neoclassical interiors, architectural elements that refer us to ancient examples are used. For this, decorative columns, arches, drywall semi-arches are used.

When using style details, the desired effect can be achieved with the most minimal means: for example, using an antique vase or sculpture. An important attribute in neoclassical interiors is the light colors of the walls and furniture.

It is undesirable to get into the living room when entering the house. It would be good if a beautiful view of it would open up from the hallway or hall. In this case, the use of partitions is undesirable. For zoning space, it is better to use half-columns and columns. Space, different in purpose, should, as it were, flow from one to another. But the main thing is the observance of classical proportions and symmetry.

In the second half of the 19th century, a new trend was born - romanticism. Romanticism is more of a worldview than a style, expressed in dreams of a synthesis of all arts. So it appears eclecticism. It is a mixture of all styles. This time period is characterized by the emergence of many neo-styles. Elements of oriental cultures were actively used in European interiors. In modern design, the principle of eclecticism, a romantic passion for the historical style, is also often applied. Mixing takes place with elements of an oriental fairy tale and is corrected by a modern worldview and the level of technical capabilities.

This style in the interior combines diverse motives, which combines 2-3 stylistic approaches. Combinations of pieces of furniture from different times and origins are used.

Eclectic style is currently one of the modern ones. Decorating hotels in this style, belonging to any period, time is very expensive, and such an interior does not always fit into our modern lifestyle. In this case, you can use an eclectic approach to decoration. “This style requires a strict attitude to the main design elements - a specific color, texture, texture, shape and size. Combinations of objects and furniture of different times and origins are used here ”38.

Many professionals consider themselves to be representatives of the eclectic style (i.e. a combination of the old and the new), but so that eclecticism does not turn into chaos, a designer must have real talent.

Modernism (French Moderne - the newest, modern) - a stylistic trend in European and American art, which appeared in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Very decorative and distinctive style.

The slogan of modernity is “back to nature”. A characteristic complex system of ornamentation based on highly stylized flowers and plants, swans. The style has a symbol - this is the sophisticated shape of the cyclamen flower. For the Art Nouveau of the "new" style, which was born at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, as a movement for the creation of the style of its era, the abandonment of the old style forms, the search for new materials: iron, glass, reinforced concrete is used. Free layout, different floor levels, large window openings. The designer uses improvisation on the chosen theme when working on the interior. On the walls there are whimsical whimsical wriggling lines with a clear tendency to asymmetry. The walls of the room are colorful, often decorated with flat-relief gypsum plastics. The furniture is decorated with stylized floral ornaments; sluggish, drawn, wavy outlines prevail in it. Architects in one piece combined architecture, plastic, painting, decorative and applied art in a magical unity. Functional zoning is introduced. Decorating interiors reaches incredible sophistication. The shape of windows, doors, stairs is infinitely varied. The fluidity of rhythms, color and texture stands out and of great expressiveness. Ceramic cladding, wrought iron, window and door floristic stained glass are often used.

The main principles of modernism are design and function. “A house is a machine for living,” the famous saying of the architect Le Corbusier characterizes this style very accurately. The founders of modernism worked in different directions. They created skyscrapers or, for example, developed bionic architecture as close as possible to nature. In modern design, they often refer to the style of a particular architect of that period than, in fact, to modernism.

Modern has always been a style that promotes individuality. The interior in the Art Nouveau style is characterized by generous picturesqueness, painted elements, plasticity of furniture forms, special methods of decoration, the presence of iconic details and fragments. The easily recognizable features of Art Nouveau are smooth, flowing lines, repeating the perfection of natural plant forms. The sophistication of the interior decoration is achieved due to the color and texture of the cladding, thanks to the artistic expressiveness of the decors, with the help of wrought iron, window and door stained glass windows.

In the design of walls, they are used as wallpaper (in traditional version - drawing with a vertical stripe), usually vinyl, with a rich texture, and various types of decorative plasters. Sometimes a combination of materials is used in interiors, for example, the upper part of the walls can be covered with silk or painted with paint, and the lower one is lined with wood panels of the same species as the furniture. The tree can often be found in the design of the ceiling.

Floor coverings today represent a much richer palette than a hundred years ago. However, the aesthetics have largely remained the same: wood planks, demonstrating the natural beauty of natural materials, inlaid parquet with characteristic curved elements in the Art Nouveau style and, of course, floor tiles - picturesque or, on the contrary, monochrome, skillfully aged and conveying the flavor of the era.

The decoration of the room must include “… tables and chairs with curved legs; the main upholstery material for upholstered furniture is satin and silk. Colors are dim, muted, better than midtones. Light green colors and shades of lilac are especially popular. Pearl gray colors are characteristic, as well as rich gold and ocher. On the whole, the furnishings may resemble the atmosphere of a decadent salon at the beginning of the century, with a muted shimmer of silver and a mother-of-pearl shine ”39.

The Art Nouveau style is characterized by new technical and constructive means, free planning, stylized floral pattern, flexible flowing lines, asymmetric forms. Structural elements of buildings and furniture are hidden by smooth transitions, undulating continuous lines of decor. All interior elements seem to be connected into a single whole by plastic bends. Art Nouveau is characterized by pastel, delicate colors of ashy, smoky, pale pink, complex blue and green shades. The decor uses plant motifs. One of the symbols of the style is the stylized iris flower. Modernism is the style of Silver Age poetry.

Art Deco - the first style of the new era of the twentieth century, which inherited all the desire for innovation of Modernity.

This style combines the exoticism of Art Nouveau and the technical aesthetics of the twenties, lightness and elegance of decor. Typical features: rounded corners, strict vertical lines, decorative elements (images of zigzags, circles, sun). Art Deco is trying to absorb the speed and pressure of the coming age of machines. Common materials include exotic woods, plastic laminate, chrome and stainless steel.

Unlike the ascetic aesthetics of the 20s of the last century, now it is a style of luxury, wealth, and technical achievements, quite traditional expensive materials and quality of finishing are equal in it - both are valuable because they are simply very expensive.

Art Deco quickly gained recognition.This style is back in fashion these days. The luxurious, exquisitely elegant, elite style of transatlantic liners presupposes the use of expensive finishing materials, geometric shapes and sophisticated furniture finishing. Style Art DecoIs a mixture of elements of Egyptian art, American Indian exotic and African primitive art. The standard of style is stylish luxury interiors ocean liners and expensive hotels. Furniture styles are characterized by the use of decorative elements in the form of zigzags, circles, triangles, suns. The color scheme uses rich brown tones, colors ivory, all shades of gold.

Art Deco is a style that uses a variety of decorative elements in the interior, bright and bold and at the same time exclusively selected color combinations, capable of changing along with the imagination of a designer creating his own interior.

Style postmodernism emerged as a reaction to modernism in the late 60s of the XX century. Characteristic features are complex curvilinear shapes and volumes that imitate dynamic living structure... The style allows for a chaotic and illogical pile-up of elements, sudden breaks, illusory instability, sloping walls, furniture made of unexpected materials. Now this style is often used in the hospitality industry. The only condition for its perception is that a person who uses a building designed in this style should easily get used to optical nonsense.

High tech (translated from English - high technology). This style, as it were, reflects the modern pace of time. It is characterized by the use of modern polymeric materials, glass and metal. The style is a modern modification of technicism. High-tech is distinguished from the previous stages by super-technicalism. Building structures, engineering systems and equipment develop into a decorative and theatrical construction with elements of exaggeration and sometimes irony. The use of metal structures and glass, as well as elements of engineering equipment, distinguishes high-tech. Practicality and functionality rule here. Favorite colors: silver, white, black; materials: metal, glass, pipes.

The high-tech style is called the style of the rationalists; the interior in this style is always distinguished by the utmost severity and laconic form. Here, the principle of environmental formation is traditionally based on prefabricated technical parts, glass, metal and concrete, as well as various plastics and other artificial surfaces.

In a practical sense, in today's interior, this style does not have strict preferences. In contrast to the unambiguous prohibitions on decorative excesses in the form of, for example, artistic parquets, floral wallpaper, stucco decorations, borders, floral patterns, etc.

High-tech interiors are distinguished by clarity. Wall, floor and ceiling surfaces are perfectly smooth and clean. Furniture, fabrics, dishes and other accessories also meet the basic requirements: practicality, lack of decor, clear geometric shapes. “All metal elements and fittings are correspondingly shiny. In a high-tech interior, everything light is appropriate, in particular furniture resembling an office. Chairs, armchairs and sofas - made of plastic, chrome-plated metal and leatherette ”40.

In addition to general lighting, in the high-tech style, numerous wall and floor, mounted in furniture and spotlights, rail and other lamps, as well as light sources on brackets, cables and all kinds of other structures, are used. The forms are simple. It is based on ergonomics and functionality.

In this style, paper and tissue napkins are used, made using modern technologies, which are hygienic and comfortable. Cutlery of new modern shapes is made of metal combined with colored plastic. Characteristic features of the style are a large amount of metal, glass and plastic in the interior, bright acid colors, open communications and fasteners, emphasized technical markings. This is the style of the latest technical advances and the focus is on them. Technological, functional, but cool enough, robotic style.

Country style - originated in America at the beginning of the last century. Translated from English "country" means "village". This style is characterized by nostalgia for a quiet village life, for everyday life, which is characterized by naturalness and simplicity, the absence of pretentiousness. Very popular are cowboy motifs, plaid fabrics or small flower etc. The color scheme is restrained: shades of greenish, beige, various brown tones can be combined with red and green inclusions.

The country style is characterized by multicolor, but not bright, but rather thick, juicy, slightly muted. The color scheme is dominated by natural, often light and pastel colors. Color balance is important. If, for example, light blue and light beige are combined in the upholstery of furniture, then it is better to choose light pastel colors for wallpaper, carpet, curtains, tablecloths.

If the walls and all large surfaces of the interior are designed in the same range, you can focus on accessories, of which there are quite a few in country. Some designers believe that primary colors should be combined with green.

Country is an ecological style. And hence - natural building and decoration materials. For the floor - paving with tiles or decorative stone, massive wooden floorboards, for example, natural or painted pine. “For walls - decorative plaster, or a combination of fragments of plastered walls with partially preserved stone or brickwork... Or, again, wood, with light colors. For wall decoration, paper wallpapers are also suitable - with a naive floral pattern, dim and subtle ”41.

Unpretentious, homely and very cozy country style, symbolizes stability and reliability, is intended to convey the spirit of village life, where sophistication is mixed with the practicality of a family lifestyle.

This style is homely and cozy, deliberately focused on the good old days. Within the framework of this style, eco-friendly materials are used: wood, rough stone, ceramics, vine, birch bark, etc. and complex colors of the natural range. In Russia, this style is called "rustic". Currently, country style is popular in mini-hotel design.

Ecostyle. The main motto of eco-style is ecological. This is a new modern style. The desire to create a special atmosphere of unity with nature is achieved by the execution of natural materials, natural colors. The use of fresh flowers and dried flowers, compositions from them, accessories of their wood, clay, amber, birch bark, etc. is characteristic.

The eco-style shows the desire for a fuller, deeper and more comprehensive merging with nature. Sustainability is the main principle, which, according to the architects, should form the basis of a new type of housing. Maximum use of natural materials, not decorating structural elements, simple painting of walls, winter garden on the balcony, etc. The essence of this style is determined by a specific way of transforming the ideal into material, ideal images into a specific material form, which ultimately ensures a person's constant striving for the highest good, a perfect spiritual state.

Fusion style - mixing different styles is a modern fashion trend. For example, classicism in combination with other styles forms a unity of design and harmony. For example, authentic antiques or national culture items can coexist with high-tech ultra-modern high-tech accessories.

Often, the fusion style is called the most current trend in music, cooking, interior design ... - in general, in everything. This trend is briefly defined as a combination of the incompatible: old and new, East and West, high art and kitsch.

The English word "fusion" is translated as "fusion" or "fusion". If we talk about external forms, then fusion presupposes a combination of seemingly incongruous (or was considered as such), extraordinary solutions that go beyond the generally accepted and familiar. The fusion of cultures, technologies, styles, worldviews and pastimes is the main sign of modernity and this trend.

The 19th century combined with modernity the feeling of the end of another historical era and the need to take stock, without forgetting or denying anything. Hence comes the desire to combine in one interior as many techniques from different styles and trends as possible, a mixture of modernity and retro motives, new materials, cold technological things and handmade items made in a single copy. Unlike eclecticism, fusion not only unites elements of different styles in one space much more freely, but also creates its own new style on their basis.

Fusion most vividly expresses the worldview of a person with a broad outlook, familiar with the culture and history of different countries and eras. Interior details should be combined not by origin and color, but by “love marriage”. Only feelings for a particular piece of furniture are taken into account. Fusion organizes the space so that you can travel through eras and continents without leaving your home.

This style is turning into a rapidly gaining popularity direction of modern design, because it promises previously unheard of freedom. It used to be considered something unthinkable to combine blue and black, red and brown, but now it's completely normal.

There is no need to think about the purity of the style, the designer is free not to adhere to the established canons and dogmas. You can actively combine heavy classic furniture and high-tech organza curtains in one interior. Feel free to push the upholstered furniture out of the corners and place it in the center of the room. At the same time, expensive exclusive collections coexist quietly with the most massive models. On the walls next to reproductions of masterpieces of art, amateur photographs can coexist, “blank” walls turn into a real museum exposition with a postmodern portal.

Fusion offers everything without denying anything. Today it is possible and necessary to mix classic and modern furniture, things old and new, expensive and not so much, and add objects that are definitely not suitable for anything, but beloved. The cost of an item in this style is irrelevant. Creature good interior always cost a lot of money. And to create fusion is very simple, the main thing is to have a sense of taste.

Thus, this style is great for self-expression, since it reveals the owner's individual approach to creating an interior, taking into account only private taste, and not some rules and regulations.

Ethnic styles used in national styles (Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Indian, etc.) play a huge role in creating an original national atmosphere.

Most often, ethnicity is understood as the style of Africa, India, Morocco, Indonesia, China. The stylistic features depend on the selected country. Common features include a rich color scheme, an abundance of national pieces of furniture, accessories and symbols, including handmade items. If we are talking about India, the interior should have carved wood, images of elephants, saris. If the theme of Morocco is chosen, then there will be saturated colors, painting, stained glass lamps. China - images of dragons, characteristic painting, black and red, azure colors - gold decor. It is hard for a European to live in such a house all the time, but for entertaining public spaces it is an excellent choice.

Indian style Is a combination of luxury, gold, sophistication and delicate taste with asceticism, modesty, simplicity of lines and forms. A cocktail of ornaments, flowers, patterns and textures, magnificent carved and inlaid furniture reflect the Indian style.

India is a country of spices, spices, aromas of cinnamon, sandalwood, cloves, cardamom, a country where the spiritual side of life means everything, where faith and religion are the basis of the order and organization of all life. Indian style - these are turquoise, crimson, orange colors, and they are completely unique in their kind. Indian silk is not as smooth and slippery to the touch as Chinese, it is a little rough. Furniture in Indian style, low, hand-cut from very durable teak wood. Sofas and beds should be soft and comfortable, inviting to sleep. Three or four pieces of furniture are quite enough for the basis of an Indian-style interior, but they should be combined in color. A characteristic feature is the easy transformation of the details of the house: chairs and tables, screens, shutters and doors often "change roles". “Typical materials: wood, ivory, mother-of-pearl, silver, brass, forged metal, feathers. Techniques: enamel, forging, chasing, carving, inlay "42.

Recently, it has gained great popularity in Russia Scandinavian style. It is not surprising. For our climatic conditions, it fits perfectly. Not the last role was played by the characteristic affordable and comfortable furniture. Other features inherent in the style are the use of light wood, all kinds of shades of white, pistachio green, light blue with bright red accents. An abundance of light, natural finishing materials, soft colors, functionality - all these are components of a cozy and comfortable interior without unnecessary frills and shocking.

Thus, design in our time has become a comprehensive concept that covers various areas of our lives. The design language has become a universal medium. Design surrounds us everywhere, it has become an everyday concept. The world around us puts before us the problems of choosing things that are based not only on functional, but also on aesthetic qualities. People more and more often buy new things, not giving the old ones the opportunity to survive. Design is an important part of our life. Designers, trying to meet the needs, are looking for more and more new forms, while often turning to historically formed styles, looking for inspiration. Classic motives find themselves in new forms. Such close attention to the past, however, has always accompanied the designer. For example, in the nineteenth century, historical styles played a major role in art. In our time, styles from the past have become our "present", but now more and more often it is not about one specific style, but about their symbiosis and competent fusion. Modern designers take into account the wisdom of the past and the technical innovations of the present in search of the future. "Old" styles in a new understanding play with bright colors, discovering new facets. In this work, the authors have tried to create a fundamental understanding of "style" as a concept, and to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe existing styles. This topic seems relevant to the authors, since the word "style" has become very often used, but not everyone who pronounces understands its deep meaning.

In everyday life, a person speaks two languages: colloquial - used daily and literary. Likewise, in design, there are various style parameters that are actually closely related. The authors argue that there is no "exemplary" style, since the style changes daily, just as the needs of a person change. "Style or stylization" is a generalized image of means of artistic expression, conditioned by the unity of creative techniques. It is possible to talk about the styles of the eras. You can discuss the individual style of a person, the style of the interior, and all this talk will be about style. The author concludes that it is legitimate to speak not only about historically established styles, but also about individual ones. I would also like to note that it is not correct to define clear boundaries, both between styles and between eras.

Historical styles can be used in different ways when creating a hotel interior in terms of depth and authenticity:

Accurate and deep use of style, avoiding any historical inaccuracy, deviations from traditions and rules.

Less profound use of style, allowing for creative interpretation, which is expressed in a harmonious blend of some architectural elements and typical details of this style into any other interior.

The use of only individual accessories or decorative elements that affect the overall impression of the interior.

Thus, this is no longer a style, but a kind of artistic stylization. The greatest difficulty in the design of the hotel's interior is precisely the choice of style. Indeed, despite the fairly free interpretation of design approaches, which is widespread throughout the world today, no one denies the fact that it is not worth combining ethno dwelling style and a new urbanistic style, elegant expressionism and shocking avant-garde under one roof. Everything should be in moderation, and everything should look organic and thoughtful, taking into account not only the nature of the institution, but also the part of the world, the country and even the city in which the hotel is located.

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Introduction

1.1 Characteristic features of styles corresponding to the interior theme

1.1.1 Hi-tech

1.1.2 Techno

1.1.3 Minimalism

1.2 Color in interior design

1.2.1 Blue

1.2.2 White

1.2.3 Gray

1.3 Psychology of choosing a style of interior design

Human temperament

Conclusion on chapter 1

2.1 Introductory stage

2.2 Foresketch stage

2.3 Sketch stage

2.4 Design stage

2.5 Presentation stage

Conclusion on chapter 2

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The influence of the interior of a house or office on a person is difficult to overestimate. Our state of mind and health depend on interior design. Therefore, the designer's task is to create an interior in which it will be comfortable and pleasant to live or work, to fill it with harmony and coziness.

Relevance of the topic: due to the insufficient development of the system for the integrated organization of the interior by means of decoration. At the moment, techno is on a given theme, there are very few complex interiors. With the modern organization of the interior, its thematic solution is most in demand, but the absence or inconsistency of the system of complex organization of the artistic solution makes it difficult to eliminate this problem.

Research problem: complex solutions for interiors are required, their complete and careful development.

The purpose of this course work: to offer a comprehensive interior design by means of decoration.

Research object: complex organization of the interior.

Subject of research: a complex organization on the topic of techno by means of decoration.

A hypothesis is put forward - the solution to this problem is possible under the following conditions:

the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme have been investigated;

the color scheme for the interior has been clarified;

defined artistic means of expression;

the dependence of the interior style on the psychology of its owner is considered;

the location of art objects is thought out;

the conceptual idea of \u200b\u200bthe interior was put forward;

the optimal draft version was selected;

presentation made. interior decoration color

Based on the goal and hypothesis, it is necessary to solve the following research tasks:

explore the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme;

clarify the color scheme of the interior;

define artistic means of expression;

consider the dependence of the style of the interior on the psychology of its owner;

think over the location of art objects;

put forward a conceptual idea of \u200b\u200ban integrated interior organization;

choose the best sketch option;

make a presentation.

Chapter 1. Theoretical substantiation of the complex organization of the interior by means of decoration

1.1 Characteristic features of styles corresponding to the interior theme

When designing a home on our own, we often do not even know what a particular style is called. Let us consider briefly just a few of them that correspond to a given interior theme.

1.1.1 Hi-tech

Modern people do not spend much time at home. Basically, these are those people who value time, convenience, comfort, benefit and look forward to the future with joy. Therefore, for such energetic people, the most suitable interior design for an apartment will be a high-tech interior.

High-tech as an interior style was formed not very long ago - in the sixties of the twentieth century. This is a young style that reflects all modern trends: simplicity, convenience, rationalism, transparency. High-tech does not accept variegation, filling the interior with trifles. But this does not mean that the walls of the room should be bare, there should be only blinds on the windows, and there is no place for bright colors in this interior. In the high-tech interior, black and white or color photographs on the walls in metal frames, a pair of glass vases of the correct geometric shape with uncomplicated flowers, an ideally round aquarium with exotic fish, and curtains made of plain fabric will take root on the windows. A large sofa or armchair of red, blue or other color will help to form a "bright spot" of the interior. The main thing is the absence of ornaments on the leather or leatherette of the sofa and pure, bright colors.

The main features of high-tech style are metal and glass, strength and fragility. Glass doors, glass furniture on polished metal legs - this is the high-tech style in the interior. Free, uncluttered space is also a very important condition for high-tech style. And in this free space, glass cabinets and shelves are usually placed, which display their contents for everyone to see. You can also choose frosted or corrugated glass - this material will hide the outlines of small things or old books.

Metal occupies almost the central place in the interior in this style, slightly inferior to glass. A big plus of this material is its strength. Shiny aluminum or steel cabinets, dressers or shelving units will give their owner a love of strength, convenience and high technology. Good, high-tech plastics will also fit into high-tech interior design. But on glass furniture, you can put metal decor items.

The furniture in the interior is high-tech minimum, it is functional and practical. The proportions of the furniture should be carefully thought out, the designs are light, the shapes are clear and geometric. Leatherette, plastic, polished metal are used as materials. Most of the hardware is silver and shiny. High-tech appliances - built-in, chairs - always with metal legs and backs.

Walls, ceiling and floor should only be neutral. When decorating walls, it is better to give preference to paint - wallpaper is not as technological and convenient as the high-tech interior requires. It is better to leave the ceiling white or make the stretch ceiling the same color as the walls. The floor is the only place where wood can be used. Parquet, laminate or wood imitation materials. Often high-tech tiles are used that imitate metal, sometimes a rough stone or just with a cold sheen.

Light plays an important role in high-tech interior design - it's not for nothing that there are so many glass objects that let light through. Large windows let in a lot of natural light, and in the evening you need to create artificial lighting... Round matte shades that scatter cold light, small cube-shaped sconces that give bright light and resemble stars will look organic on walls and ceilings. String lights or small spotlights will look great as well.

Typical colors: gray, bleached gray, metallic, white, black, sometimes beige or coffee, combining them with one or two saturated colors. Color matching is always straightforward, in the spirit of cubism. You can use a combination of one bright color with a pastel color from the same range.

When creating an interior, it is important to remember two conditions - simplicity of geometric shapes and the absence of variegation, purity of neutral or bright colors. Thus, the high-tech interior style guarantees its owner convenience, lightness and comfort! This style in the interior, as a rule, finds its admirers among residents of large cities, since it is very urbanistic.

High-tech style is a style of high technologies, technical innovations, the style appears before us in the form of a reflection of the future, completely forgetting the classic images of interior and architecture.

Techno (English Techno) - strict, and even cold, style, which is characterized by clear geometric lines, metal furniture, glass, stone walls. Such a room has a neglected, but, at the same time, thoughtful look.

The architecture of buildings and interiors is closely intertwined with elements of technical progress. Communications, which are usually tried to hide, are a continuation of the decor. Pipes and wires are painted in bright colors, and sometimes they are covered with glass partitions. The techno-style interiors create a sense of a man-made disaster and are more like the interiors of industrial premises and garages.

Techno style, which arose in the 80s of the last century, as a kind of ironic response to the bright prospects of industrialization and the domination of technological progress, proclaimed at its beginning. The rapid development of information technologies, their intrusion into everyday life, entailed a significant change in everyday life and residential interiors. This is how the techno style was born in an atmosphere of a kind of revaluation of values. This style, while recognizing the aesthetics of technology in architecture and interiors, balances on the edge, beyond which the downside is revealed - almost ugliness. And in this reversibility, the maximum expressiveness characteristic of him is achieved. The fashion for techno in the interior reached its peak in the early 90s. Then the main canons of the style were considered the maximum resemblance to the work space and the minimum to the living space. Grotesque furniture, futuristic lighting, rough, in places flaky plaster or rough wall surfaces have moved from the category of imperfections to decoration. All sorts of technical details became a subject of special pride, pipes of communication systems were paraded, colorful wires and cables were not only not tried to disguise - their presence was emphasized in every possible way. The newest models of TVs and music centers smashed to smithereens all sorts of thoughts about the poverty of the owners, who climbed into their heads at the first glance at the squalid environment. Today the techno style has a lot in common with minimalism, the ideas of oriental designers and the same high-tech. If you look closely, they borrowed a lot from each other. Carelessness has become more meaningful, now it is associated more with artistic disorder than neglect.

Features of the Techno style: a large amount of metal and plastic, spiral staircases, walls with a rough texture, heavy metal doors... In such interiors, as conceived by the designers, a feeling of a man-made disaster is created, in which a piece of an irregularly shaped brick wall with protruding reinforcement "cuts" into the glass and metal of the interior decoration. Techno-style residential interiors are associated with items from repair hangars and factory halls, train stations and warehouses. For interiors of this style, open floor beams with lighting fixtures, mezzanines in the form of platforms are typical.

The furniture resembles that of a working locker room: steel cabinets that mimic safes, but with stylish perforated door panels. Cabinets in the form of stacked metal containers are very popular. In general, corrugated and perforated metal sheets are widely used in techno style furniture, open shelves, partitions and other elements. Chairs from bent pipes or sheet metal stools that resemble a moon rover are all techno style. Upholstered furniture is also present, since it is still more comfortable to sit on the sofa than on metal chair... Sofas and armchairs have synthetic removable covers with pockets for remote controls, newspapers, etc.

An important part of the interior, where techno is most fully and diversely manifested, are lighting... Home luminaires with their open fittings resemble professional equipment with long wires, tripods and hinges.

Popular colors: gray, burgundy, khaki, metallic, “camel” (dirty red).

Techno is a style with a special psychology of life. It is not often used in residential premises, but it is very popular in disco clubs, restaurants, etc. Techno combines all the possibilities of modern technologies and a special atmosphere of light presentation, sometimes even at the expense of functionality. The decoration always contains metal and glass. A style that has absorbed all the brightness and extreme brilliance of the 80s. Such interiors are very loved by people who are young in age or state of mind. This is a kind of denial of warm comfort and perfect order.

1.1.3 Minimalism

Minimalism (lat. Minimus - the smallest) is a design style characterized by conciseness, simplicity, precision and clarity of composition. With the help of simple forms, as well as functional objects, Europe tried to supplant the Art Nouveau style, characterized by romance, ornateness and spirituality. Romanticism is being replaced by functionalism, they begin to value the properties of an object, and not its aesthetic qualities. Minimalism is the brightest and most controversial style of the second half of the 20th century. One of the most popular ethnic varieties of minimalism is Japanese minimalism.

The minimalism style is characterized by simplicity of shapes and texture, monotony, almost no decorative elements, spacious interior with a minimum of furniture. The layout often does not imply division into rooms; zonal decoration or furniture plays the role of dividers.

Minimalism is reflected in both the amount of furniture and its decorative elements. The furniture is modern and simple in its lines and shapes. The upholstery is monochromatic with rare contrasting "spots" - pillows, for example. Materials in minimalism: steel, chrome plating, frosted glass, natural wood, aluminum profiles, leather. Built-in furniture will be the best solution. Glass shelves, tables, shelving and other items also expand the space through transparency.

Minimalist walls are best painted or covered textured plaster with a simple pattern. Also, in the minimalism design style, textured plain wallpaper without a pattern is used. Another option would be large-format glossy single-color tiles. For an additional play with light in the interior of minimalism, multilevel ceilings are used. The floor is made of materials that are easy to maintain - wood, linoleum or tiles. In any of the options, there is monotony, for parquet, simplicity of texture, light wood. To add bright colors in a minimalist style, use a rug with a large pile.

There are practically no decor items in the minimalism style. The interior is revived due to a few expressive details that contrast with the general background. They use modern paintings in simple frames, floor vases, flowers or dried flowers, ceramics, glass, metal.

Functionality is the main property of minimalism design, thanks to which it is not only possible, but also convenient to live in a minimalist interior. Little does not mean uncomfortable, all pieces of furniture, appliances, decor, should remain practical and comfortable for life.

The color palette of minimalist design is light, based on the play of halftones, a lot of white, often in contrast with black or gray, less often beige or brown. The palette is complemented by natural tones of wood, brick, metal, glass shine.

The minimalism style is more than popular, captivating with its functionality and inner freedom, in the spirit of a modern and energetic personality. The genre of minimalism is strict and requires an impeccable sense of proportion and style, without forgiving mistakes and fuss. Minimalism needs space. In rooms large in area and height, it looks laconic and more natural. The most important thing when creating an interior in the style of minimalism is a well-planned space, in which there is a lot of diffused, calm light.

1.2 Color in interior design

An important factor in interior design is the choice of color. Well-being, mood, and personal life depend on him. All color shades can be roughly divided into two groups: warm (from yellow to red-violet) and cold (from purple to yellow-green). Rooms painted in warm colors look warm and inviting, but smaller in size. The colors of the cold range are called removing, because when using them, the room looks more spacious. The color design of a home has a significant impact on mood and performance In the same room, depending on its color, you can experience a feeling of comfort or discomfort.

For a techno interior with high-tech style elements, which was chosen in this course work, colors from a cold range will be more appropriate. For example, gray, bleached gray, metallic, white, black, gray-blue. Let's consider the influence of these particular colors on the state of mind of a person.

1.2.1 Blue

Blue is everyone's favorite. Studies show that designers in all countries use blue and cyan a lot. All over the world, blue is associated with the sky, the sea, jeans - in short, with everything reliable and trustworthy. In the era of the digital revolution and the rapid development of technology, which the mass human mind does not keep up with, it is completely understandable why people so need the peace and tranquility that blue carries with it.

Most people perceive dark blue as the color of reliability, authority, classicism, conservatism, strength, trust, tradition, confidence, professionalism, calmness, firmness. Sky blue color is associated with peace, purity, coolness, humidity, heaven, sea, peace, relaxation, constancy, freshness, happiness, faith and truth. Blue-green tones are perceived as refined, cold, expensive, pleasant, rich and unique.

People who choose blue shades strive for harmony and tranquility, conservatives, restrained, strive for perfection. For energetic people, blue is less suitable, since in the subconscious it is perceived for them as a symbol of melancholy and depression.

1.2.2 White

Naturally, in one form or another white color is present in almost every room of our house. Consumer research shows that people choose it not because of a passionate love for it, but simply because it is safe and neutral. However, pure white is by no means neutral. White is too bright for the human eye. White walls impair vision and are annoying and tiring. Yes, they increase the illumination of the room by 5%, but at the same time reduce labor productivity by 25%.

The white period in design lasted from the 20s to the 30s. Lacquered furniture in the Art Nouveau style, white wallpapers, cream upholstery fabrics appeared. white furniture is a sign of influence, wealth and abundance. Today, residents of big cities prefer white, so that at least at home they can take a break from polluted air and gloomy streets. Modern technology has also made white more practical. Of all paints, white remains the most demanded.

1.2.3 Gray

In the true sense of the word, neutral gray is not a real color. This is just a slightly animated "achromatic" - a shade devoid of color. Gray is diluted black. Shades of gray can range from charcoal to light pearl.

Many monastic orders use gray as a symbol of detachment and self-absorption. Emperor Charlemagne ordered ordinary people to dress in gray by his decree. Grisal is a decorative painting technique widely used in painting. It symbolizes humility and is used to depict biblical stories. Gray is serious and is consciously associated with steady patience.

The darkest tones of gray evoke the same ambivalent feelings as black. They talk about power, sadness, sophistication, severity, suppression of feelings and despondency. Charcoal gray is as gloomy as black. Gray color in some way reminds of twilight and moonlight, of the moment when the day tends to evening, of fog, cobwebs and ghosts, of the morning haze.

The gray color symbolizes strength and longevity. Modern cities are also predominantly sulfur - we are surrounded by concrete, asphalt and silvery aluminum. Due to the prevailing consumer perception of gray, designers and architects use this neutral shade to give buildings and interiors a high-tech touch to make them classic and durable.

Gray is the color of intelligence. He is thoughtful, contemplative, associated with truth, knowledge and wisdom. Medium shades of gray have reliability, dignity, subtlety, conservatism. Light gray, close to white, looks innocent and fragile. It is not surprising that people do not like bright, explosive, cheerful gray. The nature of this color depends on many reasons. He ages nobly, because he is not subject to fashion changes, he rarely looks out of place. It is a calm, noble, discreet color.

So, as we have determined from sources, a calm and brooding mood is usually associated with blues, blues and greens, creating a gentle harmony with a slight presence of warmth. These shades create a peaceful, soothing atmosphere associated with sea and sky. Therefore, the most suitable shade for techno interior decoration will be dark gray with blueness.

Psychology of choosing the style of interior design. Human temperament

The choice of style largely depends on the person's temperament. The division of people by temperament dates back to ancient times. The first mention of temperament comes from Ancient Greece. The ancient Greek philosopher and physician Hippocrates (V - TV century BC) said that there are four main juices in the human body: blood, lymph, yellow and black bile.

Any style can be close to a sanguine person modern interior, if only he carried a lot of light, color and creates a feeling of spaciousness. The warm range of all shades of yellow and brown gives the sanguine person energy and self-confidence. Moreover, among the colors, sunny shades should dominate. Among the materials used in interior design, sanguine people prefer glass and mirrors. These materials perform two main functions: firstly, they allow them to admire themselves, and secondly, they visually increase the space of the apartment. Sanguine people do not like to overload the interior with furniture, but on the contrary, they strive to create large, bright spaces. A bunch of cozy corners in the house - this is not for a sanguine person, he prefers one zone, made in the same style.

Phlegmatic people feel comfortable in a warm and cozy nest. They will prefer classic trends to ultra-modern styles. They give preference to light fresh colors; they, like sanguine people, value open spaces. The furniture in their home is usually soft, very comfortable, and they also love carpets.

Choleric people tend to mix styles in the interior. They can afford extravagance in the design of an apartment, but, as a rule, they do not dwell on one design solution for a long time, their nature requires constant changes. For people of this temperament, in general, the most preferable color range is dominated by blue and its various shades. This color, being "cold", is capable of both calming and maintaining the active tone of the choleric person. The surging energy of this psychological type requires a lot of space. Therefore, choleric people, as a rule, give preference to modern styles: minimalism, hi-tech, which are characterized by simple forms, maximum functionality and a minimum of interior details.

Melancholic people should take seriously the design of their apartment. Due to the increased emotional sensitivity, they simply need to create a calm and quiet corner in their home where they would feel as safe as possible. Moreover, there can be a lot of such corner zones in their house. Large spaces make you feel uncomfortable. They are suitable for soft diffused light, furniture of rounded shapes, without right angles. Melancholic people prefer light colors: various shades of yellow and brown. The materials they use in the design give a feeling of lightness and airiness: this applies to both fabrics and glass, wood, plastic, etc. When creating a design, it is very important to consider the color, light and materials used to match your temperament.

Conclusion on chapter 1

Hi-tech style is the style of high technologies, technical innovations, the style of reflecting the future. Color matching is always straightforward, in the spirit of cubism. You can use a combination of one bright color with a pastel color from the same range. The high-tech style is distinguished by the simplicity of geometric shapes and the absence of variegation, the purity of neutral or bright colors.

Techno combines all the possibilities of modern technologies and a special atmosphere of light presentation, sometimes even at the expense of functionality. The decoration always contains metal and glass. Communications are a continuation of the decor: pipes and wires are painted in bright colors, and sometimes they are covered with glass partitions. Techno interiors are similar to industrial interiors.

Minimalism The main property of this style is functionality. characterized by conciseness, simplicity of shapes and textures, monotony, almost no decorative elements, precision and clarity of composition. The minimalism style is characterized by simplicity.

When creating the design of your apartment, it is very important to consider the correspondence of the color, light and materials used to your temperament.

Calm and brooding moods are usually associated with blues, blues and greens, creating a gentle harmony with a slight presence of warmth. These shades create a peaceful, soothing atmosphere associated with sea and sky. Therefore, the most suitable shade for techno interior decoration will be dark gray with blueness.

Chapter 2. Complex organization of the interior by means of decoration

2.1 Introductory stage

Before completing coursework on the topic of the complex organization of the techno interior by means of decoration, you must familiarize yourself with the requirements. Coursework should:

have the required volume and design must meet the requirements;

include analysis of theoretical and experimental material;

the work must be submitted on time.

be based on the results of independent research;

be sure to have conclusions after each chapter and in the conclusion;

The term paper is drawn up in accordance with the rules for the design of research papers, which should contain: title page, table of contents, introduction, main part, divided into chapters and paragraphs, conclusion indicating the main results of the work and recommendations for their implementation, list of used literature and other sources, applications. The process of performing work should be provided with textbooks, teaching aids, reference and other literature.

The introduction formulates the research problem, the relevance of the topic, the degree of its elaboration. Further, the goals and objectives of the study are formulated, the object, subject are indicated, the structure of the course work is substantiated. The content should reflect all the structural elements of the course work, indicating page numbers. The main part of the course work is presented by chapters that logically reveal the main stages of the study of the problem. Each chapter and paragraph should have a formulated title that reflects the essence of the content. Chapters should be independent structural parts of the course work, each of which contains an introduction, main content and conclusions. In the conclusion, the generalized results of the theoretical and practical development of the topic are presented, the result of solving the tasks set in the introduction is reflected, conclusions, proposals and recommendations for using the results of the work are formulated.

2.2 Foresketch stage

First you need to understand what kind of foresketch is. The etymological dictionary explains that “foreskis” is something that precedes a sketch. To put it simply, a foresketch is a rough draft or sketch, which in the future will become the basis for a sketch and design project. At first glance, a foresketch is an insignificant detail, an unpresentable and undignified part of the work, but after development this foresketch will help to take into account all the details. The task of working on foreskits is to find compositional, coloristic and tonal organization of image elements on the image plane in accordance with the creative concept. After the approval of the foresketch, its detailed study is carried out.

For this course work, several options for sketches were developed, which helped to determine the topic and conceptual idea. In Appendices 1 and 2, four foreskints can be considered, of which two options were chosen for further detailing.

Figure 1 was chosen from Appendix 1, since in the second the compositional solution was violated, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe conceived concept was also not clearly expressed, the violation of the balance of masses. In other foreskits it is quite difficult to make out the composition, the main element is missing.

2.3 Sketch stage

Two of the sketches presented were revised. The shape and arrangement of objects had already been determined, but implementation and more concrete development still lay ahead. Appendices 1.2 present these sketches. In them you can see a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat was conceived, but each sketch has its own advantages. For the first, a lot of detailed objects, a perspective for further refinement and the use of this sketch for the next steps, such as a volumetric object and a relief image. Another sketch - already selected color palette, similarity to stained glass and therefore the possibility of using with the Art Nouveau style. But this sketch has a small flaw - in the process of revision, the balance of the masses was lost.

For the interior decoration, the first sketch was taken, since its concept is associated with technical progress and the situation in the world of technology, the connection between wildlife and technical innovations is traced. This sketch is more versatile in its concept, which can be further developed.

2.4 Design stage

For a techno-themed interior, you need to determine which decoration media you can choose. Modern interiors are decorated with the most in different ways... One of the popular options is wall art painting. Today, with its help, you can create an unusual and original room, while you do not have to change the layout or take other complex actions. Artistic wall painting provides an opportunity to "improvise with space", you can even create the illusion of another dimension. In everyday life, painting can be useful when expanding (narrowing) the walls of a room, visually increasing the distance between the ceiling and the floor.

Decorative painting - ornamental and subject compositions created by means of painting on various parts of architectural structures, as well as on items of decorative and applied art.

Painting can be applied to walls in different ways. One of the most popular is airbrushing. This technique involves superimposing images onto surfaces by spraying a powder or liquid dye. You can apply such substances with a spray bottle or use the more convenient paint cans.

Paintings on the walls made with acrylic paints are gaining more and more popularity. This is not surprising. This paint and varnish material is resistant to physical and chemical substances, sunlight, dries quickly. The images you get with these paints are highly water resistant, odorless, and can be quickly and easily corrected during operation. Drawings made with acrylic paints have unusual brightness and liveliness. If you combine acrylic correctly, you can create an exclusive and unique interior. For wall painting, you can use fluorescent paints. A drawing made in this way will give the room nobility and luxury.

Artistic painting should emphasize or highlight a certain space, then the picture will become a bright accent in the room. To do this, place it in the central zone, complementing it with a frame in the form of a frame. If the painting is done to mask unsuccessful areas, it should not stand out from the overall interior. Artistic painting unites the interior of the room, connects the space with a common idea and creates a zest. Unlike other design methods, say, the same wallpaper, painting is a unique element.

Thus, painting can be used to decorate this techno room with elements of high-tech style. To do this, you need to think over the graphic and color solution of the resulting linear sketch.

When using graphics, you need to remember that the more important elements of the sketch can be emphasized with contrasting colors, that is, a combination of black and white. By this principle, we select the body and head of the bird. We also use an imitation of a metallic sheen to increase the texture image. We identify iron elements - nails, gears, springs. We fill the background with soft shading, which will also allow us to highlight the very image of the formed "metal bird".

For a color scheme, you need to choose those colors that would not argue with the overall style of the room. Colors should be restrained and not very bright, not contrasting with each other and smoother. On the basis of the sketch made, and after it was already processed into graphics, a color scheme was invented. The colors used here are lemon, deep dark blue, dark green, light gray and their shades. The torso and head are in contrast to the feathers, and the background is left white. These colors go well with the chosen color of the walls of the room (dark gray with blueness).

Further work was to be done on a relief embodiment of the conceptual idea. For the visual representation of the relief image, the paper-plastic technique was used. Paper plastic is a kind of mixture of paper sculpture and origami, which turns paper into a plastic material. Working with paper is multifaceted and is carried out in various techniques. Any technique is based on its own, specific constructive techniques.

In paper-making it is: creasing, folding, cutting and cutting, gluing. Creasing (German biegen - to bend) - the operation of applying a straight or curved groove on a sheet of paper. It is necessary for the subsequent folding of paper along this line. Folding is a folding process. Creasing and folding are three-dimensional modeling techniques that form a structural element - a stiffener. Punching is the process of cutting a specific shape into a product or workpiece. And also this is the execution of slots in the workpiece, product. Die-cutting, as applied to paper-plastic, is nothing more than a cut. Nibbling and punching (cuts and cuts) techniques offer powerful tools for visually organizing and shaping paper. Gluing is a way of assembling paper planes. There are also some other ways of designing and obtaining volumetric artistic compositions: embossing with rolls, bending, stretching, twisting.

Based on these techniques, a completely new way Techno interior design - a relief image - where the elaborate image of the "mechanical bird" looks completely different and does not resonate with the environment. The use of flowing forms in the relief image emphasizes the conceptual idea, that is, the combination of technical progress and nature. To emphasize the mechanical elements, sharp breaks in the paper and the contrast of shadow and light were used (slotted triangles on the bird's neck, cavities in the gears). The original sketch form of the bird was taken as a basis, but we had to resort to changes so that the plastic image looked more laconic and effective.

Another decoration tool is the art object. Art objects are not just beautiful and useful objects. First of all, they are works of art. These unique products can be used in interiors and landscaping. They create a mood or become a kind of "highlight".

There are a wide variety of art objects. They can be decorative or functional. Art objects are made from different materials using a variety of technologies. In most cases, the following elements are used as art objects: Painting, stained glass windows, decorative ceramics, art painting, decorative bas-reliefs, and various sculptures. Thus, there is a demonstration of an unusual vision in the design. Some sculptures can be mistaken for an incomprehensible abstraction. However, it can attract attention and occupy the mind for a long time. In this case, this art object is a bright accent that perfectly copes with its task.

Not all art objects are used as bright spots. In most cases, they are given the role of a background that unites other components of the interior. This sets the sound and tone of the environment. This approach is best demonstrated in artistic painting on ceilings or walls. When you create art objects with your own hands, you need to solve the main problem - to find original ideas. This is what will become the focus of attention. However, art objects must necessarily be combined with the environment, that is, be appropriate. At the same time, they need to stand out from the background of other elements, but at the same time not seem superfluous. After that, you can start choosing the technique and materials that most effectively implement the idea. You need to find something that can really impress.

Nowadays, many art objects are created from plain paper. The Japanese were the first to use this material for decorating and decorating rooms. The paper goes well with stone, bamboo and straw. And for the manufacture of art objects, any varieties of this material are suitable - from thick cardboard to tracing paper.

Also, for the manufacture of art objects, foam is very often used. This material can be painted in any color and is easy to process. Bulky products from foam, after cutting, can be coated special formulationsthat will protect them from moisture. Some art objects are created using coins. Electric light is a very effective element in the process of creating art objects. Thanks to him, many items will look unusual. For this, luminous LED lamps are widely used.

Thus, it was decided to create a volumetric art object using paper. To obtain an acceptable volume that fits into this style, it is necessary to preserve the style of the original and the resulting sketches. Leaving the base and conceived geometry, we will be able to more fully and clearly understand the concept. Decorative volumetric objects provide more complete and quicker information on ideas.

2.5 Presentation stage

This stage consists in presenting this idea in the form of a layout assembled from the materials of this course work (see attachments). As a result of the work, an idea was developed, which was embodied in an image made by various means of decoration. Such as graphic design, color painting, embossing and art object. All sketches are combined with each other and correspond to the chosen style. The invented image is easy to read and is clear and simple, since it was assembled in the form of a spatial layout.

Conclusion on chapter 2

Completed coursework requires a thorough acquaintance with the requirements.

Idea selection is fundamental in interior design. For this, several sketches were developed, and subsequently they chose one of them and decided on the concept.

An optimized version of the interior design concept contributes to the further development and search for artistic means of techno interior decoration.

Several means of decoration were used - wall painting, art object, graphics and relief image, using paper plastic.

The presentation stage in the form of a layout allows you to more clearly show the style of the future interior, but also its volumetric-spatial solution.

Conclusion

As a result of the completed coursework, the goal was solved - to offer a comprehensive interior design by means of decoration. This hypothesis was confirmed. Completed all the tasks, such as researching the characteristic features of interior styles corresponding to a given theme; clarify the color scheme of the interior; define artistic means of expression; consider the dependence of the style of the interior on the psychology of its owner; think over the location of art objects; put forward a conceptual idea of \u200b\u200ban integrated interior organization; choose the best sketch option; make a presentation.

After completing this work, you can offer the following recommendations. Before proceeding with interior design, you must carefully study the literature related to this topic. For example, to understand information about style directions, to get acquainted with the literature, which is related to color features and compositional solutions. Do not forget about the general style and concept of the image, elements of which will be present in all means of decoration of the chosen interior. And also carefully think over and optimize the idea from foresketch to the finished art object.

So, this work helped to solve, in general, an organized thematic solution and its deep study, as well as more fully developed systems for the complex organization of the interior by techno by means of artistic design.

Bibliography

Baryshnikov A.P., Lyamin I.V. Basics of composition, All-Union educational and pedagogical publishing house "TRUDREZERVIZDAT", 1951, 203

Itten Johannes, The Art of Color (Kunst der Farbe) Translator: Lyudmila Monakhova., D. Aronov 2007 96 p.

Kandinsky Vasily, Point and line on a plane, "Alphabet-classic" 2006, 125 p.

Makarova V. Design of premises. Interior styles on examples from St. Petersburg: BHV-Petersburg, 2011 .-- 160 p.

Willis David, Color in the interior. 1000 successful combinations (Home Color Bible), Content, 2012 348s.

Avis Melanie, Avis John. Interior. We choose color design Translator: R. Tsfasman Publisher: Niola 21st century 2006 168 pp.

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We create stylish accents in the interior

The ability to use bright and original details allows you to create a stylish space in which you want to stay for a long time, which you want to admire. Often, we do not know where to start, or we use too many decorative elements and colors, this overloads the interior and violates the uniform style. It is a whole art to choose and place accents in the interior correctly. And today we will touch it, considering the most interesting features and accents that can be safely used in the interior.

Color accents in the interior

We'll start with the most important thing: color in the interior. After all, before creating bright spots in a room, you need to decide on a general palette. The color accent in the interior is the decor, which contrasts with the main range of the room. For example, for a bedroom in white tones, the accent will be a blue bedside rug and blue curtains, and for a rich green children's room, the white upholstery of an armchair and a blanket can become an accent.

Such bright spots make the interior more pleasant and "lively". At the same time, if there are a lot of such accents, then the room will become colorful, and the accent effect will disappear, because all its charm lies in moderate use.

The accent should be unique and not repeatable, so just a few details of the accent color are enough. Otherwise, the color will "blur" and become auxiliary.

In this interior, a warm yellow color, as an accent, dilutes the cold scale of the walls, creates a feeling of warmth and comfort. Imagine what the same interior would look like if the bright yellow hue completely disappeared from it! Now you understand what a huge role seemingly insignificant accent details play.

Here are some more good and interesting examples.

Another important rule when combining colors in the interior and placing color accents: do not confuse an accent color with an additional one. It should be just a different color, not a shade of the main one.

Now let's explain it more clearly. For example, you have a room in beige tones. To create an accent, you need to choose a green or purple color, it will be accent. And if you choose light brown, then it will just be a slightly darker shade, therefore brown color in a beige room it can only be additional.

Here, the base color is light beige, complemented by the dark brown of the chairs and floor, and the accent color is blue.

In this case, shades of blue are used very effectively as accent colors, while the main color is white, and the secondary color is light beige.

Now it will be easier for you to choose the scale for the room. You can just remember one simple rule that will help you not to make the interior monotonous and boring, but at the same time, do not overdo it with an abundance of different shades.

The interior uses 3 colors in approximately the following proportion:

60% - main color;

30% - additional (secondary) color or shades of the primary color;

10% - accent color.

See how beautifully you can combine shades in the interior!

Where to place bright accents?

Accents are designed not only to diversify the colors of the room, but also to give the space individuality and mood. They will tell you about your hobbies and hobbies, create a special atmosphere, inspire and delight you, and impress guests. Therefore, only you can choose which objects and decorative elements can become leading in the interior ensemble of your home, and we can offer some tips and ideas on this score.

A noticeable and stylish contrast in the interior is very easy to create with a bright accent wall. It is decorated with a contrasting color, which should be darker in relation to the main color of the walls. Use simple wall painting, wallpapering, decorative textures such as stone or Venetian plaster - let your imagination run wild!

Paintings for the interior

Repainting a wall may seem to you a cardinal solution, especially if you have not been at the stage of renovation for a long time and are not yet ready for global changes. There is another way to draw attention to a specific wall and create an accent. Of course, these are paintings!

Pictures in the interior have long been considered a sign of taste and luxury, and only aristocratic strata of society could afford them. To this day, it is the paintings that are an integral part of a stylish and beautiful interior, and thanks to modern technologies that significantly reduce the cost of products, everyone can delight themselves with a painting on canvas in their room.

One large or several small decorative paintings in the same theme or scale will create a mood and transform the interior of the room. Complete them with a few more pieces of matching shades, and your accent ensemble is ready. Very simple and stylish! The picture will not only create a color contrast, but also stylistically emphasize your interior, be it colonial style, loft, classic or modern minimalism.

Looks gorgeous, right?

If you want to update your interior right now, then Decoretto interior paintings. Paintings on high quality German canvas have a beautiful textured surface that is resistant to light and dirt. You can choose and buy paintings on canvas of any size in the style of classical painting, abstraction, still lifes, landscapes, graphics, paintings with animals or children's paintings. Having ordered a painting on canvas in Decoretto, you will receive your order within 4 days. Together with Decoretto, creating your dream home is incredibly enjoyable and easy!

Textiles in the interior

Many designers argue that textiles should be chosen at the same stage of renovation, when you choose the color of the walls and floor, and certainly not later than the choice of furniture, so the importance of textiles in the interior is difficult to overestimate. It is with its help that you can easily create any color accent. But even if you finished the renovation a long time ago, but want changes, the renewal of textiles will lead to a significant transformation of the entire interior.

Does the room seem monotonous to you? Bright bedspreads, blankets, pillows, curtains, carpets saturated color fill it with coziness, brightness, make it more positive. And for a room with dark floors, walls or furniture in which you do not have enough light, pastel-colored textiles are suitable: light light curtains, lampshades for lamps in warm colors. White textiles will give the room freshness, harmony and spirituality, soften the colorful interior.

In short, contrasting combinations most often look spectacular and expensive, so this is a win-win option!

Do not forget that home textiles include not only pillows, carpets, upholstery or curtains: these are towels, tablecloths, hot holders, napkins, and a bathroom curtain. All this can be used in the kitchen, in the bathroom, placing it in a conspicuous place and combining with other interior elements. Attention to detail is very important when creating accent spots!

What else can become an accent?

As you already understood, in order to add bright colors and contrast to the interior, it is not at all necessary to arrange repairs or necessarily change the color of the walls. Textiles, decorative wall decorations such as paintings, and proper color combination of all these elements. What other interior items can take on the role of accents and complement the ensemble? It can be anything you like: from soft toys to colorful book bindings. For example, if you like to care for plants, then you can create accents in shades of green, which are especially effective in bright interiors at scandinavian style, as well as in loft or minimalism styles.

In the children's room, soft toys or colorful containers and boxes for them will become accents.

And as an accent for the living room, we suggest using the usual coffee table, about which we decided to tell you in more detail. Do you think that such an insignificant item in your living room or bedroom does not deserve attention at all? But professional interior designers and decorators are sure that a coffee or coffee table can become the highlight of a room!

First, decide: what should be the decoration of your table? Remember, there should be few items so that the surface is not cluttered. And ideally, they should match in their color scheme the accents that you have already planned to place in the room. Let it be things that you really like, give pleasant memories and inspiration.

Thinking of decorating your living room sofa with dark beige textiles? Then let there be a vase on your table, decorative balls and plates of the corresponding color.

And your favorite books and magazines can be arranged in neat piles, it is desirable that the covers are bright and colorful and match in colors.

See how harmoniously the spines of the books are combined with the colorful pillows!

A "living" element or object, whether it is a small plant in a pot, a vase with fresh flowers, a few cones or an ikebana made of twigs, will significantly refresh the surface of the coffee table.

Not sure how to complement the composition? Add a vase, glass, ceramic, or metal dishes where decorative balls, beads, stones or fruits can be placed.

Use the tray as the base of your composition to put everything together for a finished look and the ability to quickly remove items when needed. This can be a regular kitchen tray, a wicker basket, or a ceramic dish.

Remember the rule of 3 colors: use two neutral light shades and one dark one, which will become an accent in the design of the table.

Try layering and playing with height. Have books and magazines stacked with small decorative items on top. Do not forget to put something high next to it, for example, a candle or a figurine, then the composition will be dynamic and harmonious.

Feel free to fantasize and do not forget to update your table: you can add an unusual travel souvenir, a vintage camera, a jewelry box, a seaside shell and other things dear to you.

Don't be afraid to experiment with contrasting combinations and bold accents! After all, creating the interior of your dreams is much easier than you could imagine!

Hardly anyone will like the colorless interior. And the very concept - "colorless interior" - is nonsense, that is, nonsense. Therefore, color in the interior is perhaps its most important element.

Color and style

The color scheme of any room, be it an apartment, private household, office or store, is primarily selected depending on the style of this room. Based on the style, you should plan the color combinations of the interior - sharp contrasts or smooth transitions, bright solutions or pastel colors.

Let's take one of the most modern styles - hi-tech. Its progenitors are pop art and minimalism, which do not at all contradict the use of bright colors and sharp contrasts, and pop art even welcomes just such color solutions. Therefore, hi-tech is most often built on color contrast.

If you look at the classic interior, then it is better to avoid a sharp change in color, and not only it. The space in a classic interior should, as it were, open up, flow smoothly from one volume to another, so it would be wrong to use sharp contrasts here. This also applies to other elements of the classic interior. Therefore, the classics do not accept, for example, height differences or.

Color - warm and cold

Coloring is the interaction of colors and shades, their consistency with each other. It can be selected both for the entire apartment as a whole, and separately for each room.

The color can be warm or cold, with well-defined colors in mind. Warm colors - all colors and shades of fire: from golden yellow to brown. Cold - colors and shades of sky and water: green, gray, blue, etc. The comfort and coziness depends on which color solution is chosen, or vice versa, the cold and discomfort of your home.

Warm colors make the room more welcoming and cozy, but visually diminish it. Cool colors increase the space, but make it colder and more formal.

Primary colors - red, blue, yellow

Blue is the color of calm and tranquility. At the same time, shades of blue are a cool spectrum, which makes them useful for use in small spaces. For example, decorating the ceiling in light blue tones creates a visual sense that the room has become taller and more spacious. A room decorated with the use of blue always looks noble and elegant.

Yellow color is very intense and rich in its pure form. It is better not to use it as is, but add, for example, a little purple tone, otherwise the room will seem too bright. Any shade of yellow is perfect for.

One cannot fail to mention the two most neutral colors - white and black. A pure black and white interior is quite acceptable, but only for an amateur. It is better to use these colors as small blotches among the rest of the variety of shades.

Visual effects of color

At the stage of interior design, it is difficult for a non-professional to determine how this or that color will look in the complex. Therefore, here are some tips to help you choose the color scheme yourself.

Light walls expand the space, make the room taller and wider. Respectively, dark walls visually narrow the room.

If the ceiling is decorated in a lighter color scheme than the walls, then it will appear taller. If the walls are lighter than the ceiling, then the room appears lower.

Do not be afraid to make the color scheme of the walls and ceiling too monotonous, because in order to revive the interior, there are many techniques. For example, lampshades, other draperies, if decorated with a color that contrasts with the main color scheme of the room, can significantly enliven the interior.

Color and dwellers

For example, to expand the space in, you can use blue lights. We remember that blue is included in the cold color scheme, and accordingly, it enlarges the space. In addition, blue is the color not only of the sky, but also of water, and water dominates the bathroom.

The relaxation area can be illuminated with soft green light. Green, as a color from the cold scale, will also expand the space, and its natural nature (for the pun, I beg your pardon) contributes to a pleasant stay.

Colored local illumination will look beautiful individual elements interior - floor vase or figurines, in a word, what is pleasant to pay attention to.

Harmony of color and shape

These are two inextricably linked concepts. To create a sense of harmony of color and shape in the interior, it is necessary to create an unobtrusive and simple repetition of the contour or pattern.

For a simple example, imagine that there is an oval rug on the floor. Against its background, a rectangular coffee table will look somehow wrong, there will be no harmony. A round or oval table will look much better.

The interior usually includes a lot of various elements, unless of course it's rigid minimalism. And here there is a law: the smaller the size of a single element, the more it should stand out against the background of the interior as a whole. And the simplest thing is to create this contrast with color. At the same time, of course, one should not forget about the harmonious combination of colors in the interior.

Color and psychology

It is customary to distinguish four psychotypes of a person: choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine and melancholic. It is known that each of the psychological types prefers a certain color scheme. Choleric people like red, phlegmatic people prefer green, sanguine people are more comfortable in yellow colors, and for melancholic people prefer blue.

Moreover, here we are talking not only about the conscious perception of color, but more even about the subconscious. It often happens that a person's consciousness likes, for example, red, but his subconscious is more comfortable surrounded by blue. Most likely, such a person has a melancholic psychological type, and his environment at home, in the country, at work should be decorated in blue colors. After all, the subconscious of a person has a much greater influence on inner comfort than consciousness. And what, if not spiritual comfort, helps us go through life with our heads held high, achieve our goals and, in the end, remain happy.