Red-leaved euonymus. Indoor euonymus: planting and caring for a plant with a masculine character. Tall euonymus, trees and shrubs

Admiring the bright colors of the autumn forest, you involuntarily freeze in front of a bushy tree of extraordinary beauty. Its branches with multi-colored leaves are decorated with delightful fruit earrings. In the people they are called "robin berries" - nimble birds peck berries from elegant bushes in autumn. This plant is the spindle tree (Euonymus).

They say that a poisonous shrub was grown by a sorceress, offended by people. But then she nevertheless took pity on them and made the plant medicinal. And she herself turned into a robin - a gray bird that is not poisoned by the fruits of this beautiful plant and spreads it: it eats the fruit, the seed soon ends up in the ground and a charming bush appears in this place.

There is another legend. During the creation of the plant world, the goddess Flora lost a brooch with flowers from her dress and an earring from her ears. She did not look for her jewelry, but turned them into plants: one with dead flowers from a brooch, the other with earrings.

And as punishment for being lost, she made the plants poisonous. Both the brooch and the earring were lost in one place, which is why the euonymus was born, in which dead wax flowers appear in spring, and berries-earrings in autumn.

All shrubs have a beautiful openwork crown. Leaves are dark green in spring and summer. Flowering begins from the end of May, but it does not attract attention either. Plants are especially beautiful in autumn.

At this time, the shrubs are completely transformed: in September, literally in a week, white, yellow, orange, pink, red, carmine and purple “flashes” flash on them. A single sheet can be painted in 5-6 colors!

By October, there are more and more red colors. And with their bright fruits, spindle trees decorate the garden before the onset of severe frosts.

It is no coincidence that the name of the genus - Euonymus - is translated as "alluring beauty" (from the ancient Greek "ey" - the best and "entangled" - calling, alluring).

The fruit is a dry, leathery, usually four-part capsule containing white, red, or brown-black seeds. They are covered with a fleshy tissue - seedlings.

Depending on the species, the seedling is colored orange, red or red-brown. Fruits give a special decorative effect to the plant in the fall.

Immature, inconspicuous in summer, pale green boxes in September acquire a bright color, which, depending on the species, can be yellow, pink, scarlet, raspberry, burgundy or dark purple.

When ripe boxes crack at the seams, it seems that parachutes with paratroopers (several seeds covered with seedlings) hung on the plant. Only spindle trees have such original fruits.

However, it must be remembered that they contain a number of toxic alkaloids and are not suitable for human consumption.

Young shoots, covered with greenish or brownish bark, are round in cross section in some species (large-winged, Sakhalin, low-flowered species), in others - tetrahedral (European, Siebold, Maak, Bunge, Hamilton), persistent longitudinal rollers of gray color.

But there are those (winged, cork), in which, instead of rollers, four sharp cork ribs run along the young shoot, giving the bush a peculiar look, especially in winter, when snow lingers on these ribs.

Euonymus, although they are decorative and unpretentious to growing conditions, do not yet enjoy due attention from our gardeners. Some species are quite winter-hardy, and their cultivation in the middle lane is very possible.

Varieties and types

For landscaping garden plot It is good to use the following types:

European - deciduous tree no more than 5-7 m high (sometimes grows as a bush), young branches are green, tetrahedral. In September-October, the leaves turn purple-red, and the fruit boxes, cruciform in shape, are dark red or pink, with orange seeds hanging down.

In order to have more fruits, cross-pollination is needed. To do this, at least two specimens of this species are planted on the site. The European euonymus is undemanding to soils. Shade-tolerant. At the same time, for the bright autumn coloring of the leaves, a sunny location of the plant is necessary.

Winged - deciduous shrub. Shade-tolerant. Its homeland is the Far East, where it grows up to 2 m. In our conditions, up to 1 m, but it can be higher.

Young branches are green, round-tetrahedral, with longitudinal brownish cork wings up to 0.5 cm wide. Fruit pods are dark red, four-membered. Leaves turn bright red in autumn.

Forchuna is a creeping evergreen shrub with a height of 30-60 cm (homeland - China). The branches reach a length of 3 m, take root at the nodes, cling to the support, if any. The leaves are small, pointed, leathery, up to 2-6 cm long.

Fortune's euonymus loves loose fertilized soils. Frost-resistant. Prefers partial shade. It has many decorative forms.

Dwarf - an evergreen ornamental shrub with beautiful leathery leaves. Shade-loving. Vertical shoots reach a height of 1 m. Leaves 1-4 cm long, finely toothed.

The fruits are pale yellow-greenish capsules, ripen in August-September. From the plant, when sheared, a beautiful border is obtained. And if you graft it onto a Japanese euonymus, you can admire the amazing weeping shape of the plant.

Semenov's euonymus is an evergreen shrub up to 1 m high, often creeping. The mountains of Central Asia are considered its homeland, where it grows under the forest canopy. The leaves are leathery, yellowish-green, with short petioles (1.5-6 cm long and 0.5-2 cm wide).

The flowers are small, dark purple, collected in small umbrellas along the edges of the branches, petals with greenish edges. Flowering in July, fruiting in August. Winter-hardy. Prefers to grow in shady places with moderate humidity.

Japanese in nature (in the south) is an evergreen shrub or liana up to 7 m, in our country it is a shrub up to 0.5 m high. Leaves 3-8 cm long, leathery, dark green, sometimes shiny on top.

Many of its variegated and small-leaved forms are known. Requires shelter for the winter.

The plant is excellent for growing in room conditions(greening of apartments, offices, loggias, winter gardens). Variegated forms with yellow or white spots and a border on dark green leaves are photophilous.

The Japanese species easily tolerates dry indoor air, thanks to its leathery leaves, and puts up with partial shade. In summer, it is advisable to take out pots with plants in the open air, in winter - keep them in a cool room (at an air temperature of + 5-10 degrees) with sufficient lighting. Water - as the soil dries out.

In spring and summer, feed once every 2-3 weeks. The plant is planted in a mixture of turf and leaf soil, peat and sand (2: 3: 1: 1). This plant is very plastic, lends itself well to formation with the help of pruning (in May and again - in early autumn), pinching, bending and twisting the shoots. The stem thickens quickly.

From the Japanese spindle tree, a wonderful bonsai is obtained, as well as various geometric shapes (balls, cubes, cones, pyramids) and figures.

It is known from historical sources that Pliny the Younger on green lawns grew formed figures of various animals - deer, elephants, tigers, etc.

Application in the garden

When choosing a shrub for landscaping your garden, consider its dimensions. So, there are very impressive plants that, given enough space and with good care reach a height and crown diameter of 7-8, and sometimes even 10 m.

These are large-winged euonymus, Maak, Maksimovich, Hamilton, European, broad-leaved.

Medium-sized representatives of the genus (cork, Bunge) are more characteristic of the form of a tall bush, reaching a height and diameter of 4-5 m.

For small gardens, medium-sized shrubs are suitable, such as warty, winged, Siebold, Sakhalin. The height of these plants is usually 1-2 m, they grow 2-2.5 m wide. But in all cases, one should not be afraid of large species, they all perfectly tolerate any pruning that can restrain growth and create a dense, compact crown. Many of these plants can be used to create hedges.

Fortune's euonymus, dwarf and Koopman's euonymus are creeping and practically have no trunks, but they have many thin recumbent or slightly ascending stems, densely covered with numerous evergreen leaves.

With good care (regular feeding and weeding), you can create thick green mats from these plants. And if Fortune's euonymus is photophilous and not very winter-hardy, the last two species are suitable for creating a wonderful lawn in shady places in the garden. These "creepers" look beautiful in the form of curtains in tree trunks and on an alpine hill.

Care

Shrubs do not tolerate stagnant moisture. For successful cultivation, neutral or slightly alkaline soils are needed; lime should be added to acidic ones.

Different types of shrubs have different attitudes towards illumination. In an open place, it is better to plant Maak's spindle tree. In partial shade, among tall overgrown trees, it will be comfortable for European and warty species.

When creating a decorative group on a slope, it is better to choose large-winged and Sakhalin shrubs, where they can grow well due to the rooting of the lower branches.

Diseases and pests of euonymus

The main diseases and pests are mold, aphids, caterpillars, mealybugs, etc. At the same time, it was noticed that if on a planted near fruit trees euonymus everything is covered with cobwebs with nests of caterpillars, then on the apple trees growing nearby it is completely clean.

So it is quite possible to use it to protect the garden from pests, especially since this plant is easy to treat with any pesticide without fear of damaging the crop.

reproduction

Most species reproduce well vegetatively - by dividing the bush, root offspring, green cuttings.

For cuttings in June-July, young, but already quite elastic shoots are chosen. Of these, cuttings are cut 4-6 cm long with one internode. They are planted in a greenhouse under a film in a substrate from fertile soil, on top of which sand is poured in a layer of 5-7 cm. The roots develop in 1.5 months.

Seed propagation is somewhat more complicated. When sown without stratification and in nature, the bulk of the seeds germinate only in the second spring. Therefore, immediately after collection, the seeds should be stratified, for which they are mixed with coarse-grained calcined sand or slightly decomposed moistened sphagnum peat (1: 2).

Within 3-4 months, the seeds are kept at a temperature of 10-12 degrees. When in most of them (70-80%) the shell bursts, the temperature is reduced to 0 + 3 degrees. And in such conditions they store for another 4-5 months.

So that they do not rot, before laying them they are cleaned of seeds and pickled in a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate.

Euonymus seeds are sown on beds in shallow (about 2 cm) grooves in a substrate of leafy and soddy soil, humus and sand (4: 1: 2: 1). Shoots appear in 2-3 weeks. In spring and autumn, it is recommended to mulch the seedlings with peat chips with a layer of 3 cm.

During the summer, the plants are watered and fed with mullein, covered with spruce branches for the winter. In the 3rd year they are transplanted to a permanent place.

Euonymus is gas and smoke resistant, so it grows well in urban environments.

Properly caring for plants, you can get a dense crown of an interesting shape, because it is in it that their beauty lies.

Euonymus juice is poisonous! Be careful and careful when pruning plants.

The euonymus plant has more than 200 species and is distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. Commonly cultivated as ornamental plant, is used in for decoration and is also found in room content.

Description of euonymus

Sometimes the height of this plant reaches 4 m. Foliage, shiny, sometimes with creamy silver spots in the center. Flowers with a not very pleasant smell, they are collected in inflorescences, brushes. It bears fruit with poisonous fruits, the rest of the plant should also not be eaten. You can see photos of all types of euonymus and descriptions on our website.

If you have chosen a spindle tree for yours, you need to know that it is planted in early spring, sometimes in autumn. Do not forget to carefully study the euonymus, learn about the features of planting, see the photo of the process. He likes to be in partial shade, the soil should be fertile, with good water permeability, and light. An important point is that the plant grows strongly in width, and sometimes in height, so it should be planted away from trees, providing sufficient distance between the bushes and buildings on the site. Indoor varieties are planted in large pots and boxes, in summer it is better to leave them outside, and in winter period must be brought into the house.

It is necessary to prepare a pit for planting plants in advance, two weeks in advance. Make sure that in volume it is 1.5 times the root system of the seedlings. Fill the bottom of the hole with sand or special composition for drainage, cover with a layer of compost mixed with soil, then lower the plant seedling, straightening the roots, cover with a mixture of soil and compost, lightly tamping it. If the euonymus will serve, it is better to plant it in a trench. Naturally, after planting the plants, water them and do not forget to do this during the first week.

Features of growing and caring for euonymus

This plant does not like excessive moisture, which can damage its roots. Therefore, if it rains abundantly, then it does not need watering. If there is no precipitation, then water the euonymus as needed. You also need to remember to loosen the soil around - at least three times during the season. In addition, it is worth feeding the plant twice during the season with mineral fertilizers and organic matter.

We can say that the euonymus loves a haircut, so you should cut it more often. To form the crown, it is sheared in early spring or late autumn. There are several types of crowns in shape - conical, ellipsoidal or the shape of a stem tree.

Do not forget about the pests that infect plants: spider mites, aphids, caterpillars, mealybugs. To get rid of these pests, it is necessary to treat the euonymus with a special solution. Diseases that affect plants are stem rot or powdery mildew. For prevention, it is worth treating the euonymus with special preparations, and cut and burn the affected parts of the plant.

There are some methods for propagating euonymus: cuttings, layering, seeds, dividing the bush. Explore the options for breeding spindle tree, the features of planting and care, photos can be viewed on the website.

If reproduction is carried out by layering, in the spring it is necessary to lower the shoots of the mother plant to the ground in a special groove, covering it with soil from above.

For propagation by cuttings, it is necessary to cut from the top of the plant at least 5 years old. After that, the cutting is planted in a mixture of peat and sand, left in light for rooting.

By division, dwarf varieties are predominantly propagated. The root shoot with a part of the rhizome is carefully cut off from the main plant, the resulting part is planted in an empty place.
Euonymus seeds should be sown in the soil in autumn, covered with foliage or straw for the winter. If you still decide to sow it in the spring, pre-soak the seeds for several days in water.

If we talk about room content options, then they can be curly or tree-shaped. The leaves on the plant may be variegated or green. small flowers collected in white inflorescences. To ensure a good existence indoor flower, it is necessary to create certain conditions for its cultivation.

Consider the indoor euonymus, its planting and care (see photo below).

The main conditions for the full development of the euonymus:

Plant location. To ensure good vegetation, you need a lit place, you can place the euonymus on the window in direct sunlight. However, he feels good in partial shade. As an option - for the summer you can place the plant on the street:,, in the garden. It is brought indoors for the winter.
Temperature regime. A feature of the plant is its unpretentiousness to temperature regime: it can grow at +5-10°C. If the room is too hot in winter, it may begin to shed foliage.

(Euonymus) belong to the euonymus family (Celastraceae). This extensive genus includes more than 120 species distributed in Europe, Asia, Australia and America. In nature, spindle trees grow in valleys and floodplains, as well as in the undergrowth of mixed forests. The flowering of shrubs begins in late spring, simultaneously with the blooming of leaves. Small, completely inconspicuous flowers are yellow, greenish-white, cream and maroon. They smell bad and are pollinated by insects. Euonymus has unusual poisonous fruits with bright seedlings. The leaf arrangement is opposite.

In addition to tall deciduous euonymus, low evergreen shrubs are also known, which are characterized by weaker winter hardiness. Many graceful species of this group are suitable for planting among stones in rockeries and rock gardens.

Euonymus dwarf ( Euonymus nana) naturally grows from Europe to Western China, including the mountainous regions of Western Ukraine, Moldova, Crimea, the Caucasus and Mongolia. This evergreen shrub about 30 m high with narrow leathery leaves 3-4 cm long. Shoots are green and greenish-gray, with longitudinal grooves. The flowers are small, 5-7 mm in diameter, with 4 greenish-brown petals, appear in June. In autumn, pink 4-lobed pear-shaped boxes are formed, however, in our strip, the shrub bears fruit extremely rarely.

In culture, the species has been known since 1830. It is planted under a sparse canopy of trees in small groups, used for landscaping purposes in England. Although it is thermophilic, it is preserved in the old parks of the Moscow region, growing with the help of rooting creeping shoots and escaping in the winter under the snow.

Euonymus Coopmann(Euonymus koopmannii) is very similar to the dwarf euonymus, its height is not more than 1 m. This species occurs in the mountainous regions of Central Asia (Tien Shan and Pamir-Altai). The shoots are the same, green, ribbed, mostly lodging and sprawling by rooting. Ascending shoots with narrow-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate leaves 1.5-5 cm long. Leaves are shiny, leathery above, bluish below. Greenish flowers about 5 mm in diameter sit singly or are collected in semi-umbrellas of 2-3 pieces. Four-lobed capsules are not formed in our zone. In culture, the species has been known since 1883, it is used in America, England and Germany, it is very little distributed in Russia.

Japanese euonymus ( Euonymus japonica) comes from China and Japan, where the height of the evergreen shrub reaches 6-8 m. The greenish-brown shoots are tetrahedral in cross section. The leaves are obovate, 2-7 cm long, with a rounded apex and a wedge-shaped base. Greenish-white flowers 5-8 mm in diameter with 4 petals, collected in umbellate inflorescences. The fruits are four-celled boxes with pink orange seedlings, but in our conditions they are not always tied.

View in culture since 1804. Decorative leafy forms are known:

Aureo-Variegata (Aureo-Variegata) with yellow-spotted leaves;
Argenteo-Variegata (Argenteo-Variegata) with white-spotted leaves;
Albo-Marginata (Albo-Marginata) with white edging on the leaves;
Aureo-Marginata (Aureo-Marginata) with golden edging of leaves;
Macrophylla (Macrophylla) with more large leaves up to 7 cm long;
Compacta (Compact) has a compact crown and small size;
Pyramidata (Pyramid) with a pyramidal form of growth and broadly elliptical leaves.

Due to low winter hardiness in Central Russia, it can only survive under snow, therefore it grows as a low-growing shrub about 1 m high. Conditions are more favorable for it in southern Russia, in the Crimea, in the Caucasus, in Moldova, in southern regions Belarus and Ukraine.

Fortune's Euonymus ( Euonymus fortunei) is from China. It is closely related to the Japanese euonymus . This is a small evergreen shrub 20-40 cm high with creeping shoots covered with elliptical or oblong-ovate dense shiny leaves. The appearance of small greenish flowers in Moscow is observed occasionally, and there is practically no fruiting.

The species has been known in culture since 1907. Among the evergreen euonymus, its variegated varieties are most often brought to Russia from European nurseries. The following are especially popular:

Emerald Gaiety (Emerald Gaeti) - a variety with an uneven white border on dark green leaves;
Canadale Gold (Kanadale Gold) - a compact bush with shiny yellow-coated leaves;
Silver Queen (Silver Queen) - a compact variety with creamy young leaves, adult leaves with a wide creamy stripe along the edge, flowering is noted in some years;

But, unfortunately, many of these varieties do not bloom and do not tolerate the climate of Central Russia.

Cultivation and care

These spindle trees prefer fertile and slightly alkaline soils, do not like stagnant moisture. If the soil is acidic in the area, then lime should be applied. Selected for landing open areas, because in the shade of variegated varieties, decorative qualities decrease. However, when the sun is too bright, the leaves fade and their edges are wrapped. Plants are usually planted in spring in groups, at a distance of 50-70 cm from each other. During the period of active growth, fertilizing with complex fertilizers is very useful, but they are stopped at the end of summer in order to slow down growth and allow the bushes to better prepare for winter.

Euonymus is well cut, so often their crown is formed in the form of a ball, cone or ellipse. The pliability and flexibility of the shoots of the Japanese euonymus allows them to be used in the formation of the "bonsai" culture.

reproduction

Evergreen euonymus is most often propagated by root offspring or layering, less often by cuttings, grafting and seeds.

Root offspring dug up in the spring and transplanted to a permanent place. To obtain from the euonymus, the shoots of the mother plant are covered with soil, they take root easily, after which the daughter bush with a developed root system is cut with a pruner and transplanted to the chosen place. Euonymus dwarf and Japanese can graft on the European euonymus, then you get a decorative weeping form, which you will have to take care of in the fall so that it does not freeze out.

For cuttings Euonymus in June-July is cut off by young elastic cuttings 4-6 cm long. For their rooting, a film greenhouse is used, planted in a fertile substrate, which consists of leafy soil and sand (3: 1), sprinkled with a layer of sand 5 cm on top.

It is more difficult to propagate euonymus seeds, because they do not always ripen and can germinate only in the second year. Freshly harvested seeds are cleaned of seeds and treated with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. When sown in autumn in moist soil, they are covered with foliage or straw. If sowing is postponed until spring, then stratification is needed. Seeds within 3-4 months. stored at a temperature of +10 + 12 o C, and then transferred to a warmer room (where 0 + 3 o C) until the sowing time. The mixture for sowing euonymus seeds consists of leafy, soddy, humus soil and sand (4:1:2:1). Sow the seeds at a depth of 2-3 cm.

Photo: Alla Kuklina, Rita Brilliantova, Maxim Minin

Euonymus is one of the most beautiful woody plants in Europe and Asia. The article discusses how landing and proper care. The presented photos allow you to get acquainted with the decorative varieties of this shrub. The described methods of breeding euonymus will help everyone to stock up necessary quantity planting material to create a hedge or colorful design of the territory personal plot. Fertilization will ensure good growth of seedlings, bright colors of its leaves and fruits.

Varieties and varieties of euonymus

The genus Euonymus is a member of the Euonymus family. Some types of euonymus are shrubs, others are trees. They can be evergreen or deciduous. The most attractive feature of the plant, which is shown in the photo, is the variety of autumn colors of the leaves, which simultaneously combine red, yellow, white, orange, purple, burgundy shades.

Euonymus in autumn

Bright fruits due to the presence of toxic substances cannot be eaten, but their unusual shape (pink lanterns with hanging earrings) is a wonderful garden decoration in late autumn. During frosts and snow blizzards, birds wintering in our latitudes feast on the fruits. Euonymus is also valued as medicinal plant, and planting it next to apple trees allows you to fight one of the most dangerous pests these fruit trees- apple codling moth.

Flowering of the warty euonymus

The most common varieties of euonymus include the following:

Fortune's Euonymus- a low evergreen shrub, brought from China by the English scientist R. Fortune. The height of this evergreen hardy shrub does not exceed 50 cm. It has dark green leaves with a white or yellow border around the edges, as seen in the photo. The fruits of the plant are less bright compared to tall species, but quite spectacular. In the climate middle lane this variety rarely blooms and bears fruit;

Fortune's Euonymus

warty euonymus- deciduous shrub, common in the mountainous regions of Russia, Ukraine, the center and southeast of Europe. Differs in unpretentiousness, frost resistance, high decorative qualities. Bushes reach a height of 1.5 m, the branches have thickenings (warts), are characterized by slow growth, adding only 10-12 cm annually;

warty euonymus

Euonymus european- often found in broad-leaved forests of the central and southern regions of Russia, grows in countries Western Europe, Asia Minor, on the Balkan Peninsula. Another name for this species is Bruslin's euonymus, in America - spindle-shaped tree. The plant reaches a height of 2 to 8 m, can withstand up to 15 degrees of frost;

Euonymus european

Japanese euonymus- a heat-loving variety from Japan that cannot withstand temperatures below 5 degrees. It can be grown in an apartment or a heated winter garden. The plant may have shiny green or variegated leaves, at home its height does not exceed 0.5 m. Some natural species of Japanese spindle tree grow in the form of a vine 5-7 m long;

Japanese euonymus

Euonymus dwarf- a rare shade-tolerant species, reaching 1 m in height and preferring carbonate soils. The shrub is very decorative due to finely toothed leathery leaves and yellow-green fruits. With a tight fit in a row and a regular haircut, it is well suited for creating a beautiful border. When grafted onto a Japanese euonymus, specimens with a weeping crown shape can be obtained;

Euonymus dwarf

Euonymus winged compactus- shade-tolerant deciduous plant 1-2 m tall, imported from Far East. The branches have a rounded shape with edges formed by longitudinal growths, dark red fruits are in the form of boxes, with the advent of autumn, the leaves acquire a bright red color, giving a special elegant look to the plants.

Euonymus winged compactus

Planting seedlings

When choosing a place for planting seedlings, it must be taken into account that the plant does not like stagnant water and does not grow well on acidic soils. For strongly growing varieties, a spacious place is needed away from plantings and buildings. Planting dwarf species in bulky boxes or well-permeable containers will allow, with the onset of a cold snap, to bring them into a bright, cool room or winter garden with maintaining the temperature within 5-10 ° C. For planting euonymus, early spring or mid-autumn is suitable.

Euonymus seedling

Work sequence:

A hole is dug, the width and depth of which should be twice the size of the root system of the bush.
At the bottom of the pit, drainage is created, consisting of sand, expanded clay or broken brick, then humus or ripe compost is poured.
The earth and the nutrient layer are moistened, then the seedling is placed on the bottom, covered with soil with the upper layer compacted.
The surface of the earth is watered.

Advice. In order for moisture from the soil to evaporate more slowly, the surface should be mulched with peat; instead, crushed tree bark can also be used. From time to time, the mulch layer can be updated by adding peat. Due to this, a soil crust will not form, which contributes to increased evaporation of moisture, and it will become more difficult for weed seeds to enter and germinate.

plant care

Euonymus, like most shrubs, requires regular pruning. In the spring, dried, damaged branches are cut off, the crown of the plant is formed, in the summer, a haircut will allow you to align the border of the bushes, give it the correct geometric shape. This shrub does not require frequent watering, so in dry weather it can be watered sparingly and moderately.

Pruning allows you to give the shrub the desired shape

For good growth the soil around the plant is loosened several times per season, fertilization will also improve its development, ensuring sufficient flow to the roots nutrients. At a young age, the shrub needs to be covered for the winter to protect it from low temperatures; adult specimens are not afraid of frost.

Advice. The sap of the plant is poisonous, so when pruning or other types of work that require contact with the plant, you need to protect your hands with strong gloves made of dense fabric.

Fertilizer and top dressing of euonymus

In order for the plant to please you with a healthy look, beautiful leaves and abundant fruit, it is fertilized twice a year. In the spring during formation flower buds a good top dressing is manure diluted with water (1:10), it can be replaced with bird droppings, reducing the concentration of the infusion by 2 times.

Fertilize twice a season

During the flowering period, you can add mineral fertilizers complex type containing trace elements. You can increase the size of ripening fruits by adding a small amount of phosphate and potash fertilizers during summer watering. If the soil is clayey, it is recommended to add a little sand and slaked lime in the autumn before digging the tree trunks.

Shrub propagation

When seed propagation, it is necessary to collect fruits at the beginning of cracking. After cleansing from the pulp and processing in a solution of potassium permanganate seeds planted in the ground, the embedment should be shallow (up to 2 cm). During spring planting, they are preliminarily subjected to stratification - exposure in a cool place (10-12 ° C) for 3 or 4 months. followed by placement in a refrigerator compartment with a temperature of 0 to 3 ° C for several months.

Euonymus seeds

Small plants of dwarf varieties are easy to propagate dividing the bush. At the same time, new shoots are separated with a small part of the root. Having cut the branches to two-thirds of their length, you can plant the root offspring in a prepared place. Such a plant takes root easily and soon forms a strong bush, growing in width.

Green stem of euonymus

Euonymus can be propagated and cuttings. But they should be harvested from a plant no older than 5 years. They start cutting in the last days of June or in the first decade of July. Each cutting should have one internode and a length of about 7 cm. Planting is done in a greenhouse with fertile soil, the cuttings are covered with sand for several centimeters. Rooting time is usually 1.5 months, after which they can be transplanted to an open bed.

Euonymus pests and the diseases they cause

Euonymus can be affected by spider mites and aphids, this is accompanied by the appearance of silvery areas on the leaves, deformation and loss of part of the foliage. The disease can be prevented by treatment in the spring with a solution of colloidal sulfur, in the summer - spraying with a soapy solution, an insecticidal agent "Aktara" or its analogue.

Also, the plant can inhibit the mealybug and caterpillars of the codling moth, which, according to the observations of gardeners, prefer to eat the leaves of the euonymus, rather than those growing near fruit trees. For pest control, you can use decoctions of herbs and special chemicals, which are produced by the industry in a large assortment.

Leaves affected by euonymus scab

Having given quite a bit of time and effort to growing euonymus, you can decorate the site with individual specimens of this shrub or create from it hedge, almost all year round pleasing with its attractive appearance. This plant will protect the orchard's apple trees from pest damage, increasing their yield.