Roadbed and method of its construction. The Russian invented the "eternal" roadbed (2 photos) Roadbed definition

Non-woven geotextile Dornit - domestic production, made of polypropylene in a needle-punched way.

Today our geosynthetic materials with delivery in Russia applicable in road, hydraulic, railway, airfield, housing, industrial construction, landscape design and gardening. In particular, needle-punched Geotextile Dornit made from polypropylene, pre-treated fibers. Thanks to needle-punched technology, the fabric is strongest, resistant to enormous loads.

The geotextile cloth Dornit is applied in various branches. But most often it is used during road construction. In this case, it acts as a separating layer, with the help of which crushed stone, gravel is separated from the soil. This is due to the fact that the material is ideal for those difficult conditions in which work is usually carried out.

Material Description

Production of the roadbed Dornit is carried out from polyester, polypropylene fibers. In order to further strengthen them, manufacturers carry out twisting of fibers, as well as their heat treatment.

The fabric obtained is resistant to chemicals, acids, ultraviolet radiation. Geotextile can be in a humid environment for a long time, but at the same time it will not form on the surface rot, mold, bacteria.

The dense structure of the roadway prevents root germination. Therefore, no additional action is required to protect the road surface.

Why geotextile Dornit?

Our environmentally friendly geosynthetics with delivery in Russia increase the strength of slopes, embankments, any other structure. In addition, Dornit geotextile is often used as a layer between crushed stone and soil, eliminating its subsidence, preventing the formation of cracks in the road surface. The volumetric geogrid, on the other hand, copes not only with the soil, but also with any structures with embankments.

Geotextile Dornit is suitable for:

• creation of effective filtration systems;
• site improvement;
• swimming pool construction and artificial reservoirs;
• preventing the appearance of weeds in place for seedlings;
• strengthening the foundation and load-bearing walls.

Modern geosynthetic materials with delivery across Russia have many advantages over classic building materials:

• Geotextile Dornit is permeable;
• high structural strength;
• excellent fixation of the upper layer due to the volumetric geogrid;
• geotextile Dornit is suitable for composition formation, ventilation and insulation;
• increased insulation strength;
• dornit geotextile reduces cost construction works;
• our geosynthetic materials with delivery across Russia remain resistant to ultraviolet radiation and temperature extremes.

In a word, Dornit geotextile, along with a volumetric geogrid, is the best solution for earthworks and construction.

OUR OFFER! Structural strength, high water resistance, minimal specific gravity, environmental friendliness and excellent filtering characteristics of geosynthetics with delivery in Russia and at a reasonable price. You can place an order by calling our consultant or by filling out a special form on the website!

Road Dornit

Roadbed Dornit has the following advantages:

• Due to the fact that its modulus of elasticity is quite high, the coating can withstand really serious loads. The reinforcing properties of the coating are retained even if there is minimal deformation.
• Even if the coating is damaged, it will continue to effectively perform its own functions.
• The level of water permeability of the material is high. That is why its presence eliminates the possibility of condensation. Previously, this was a really serious problem that road builders could not handle.
• The roadbed is quite difficult to damage. Even with strong tension, it does not break. By the way, this property allows you to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe canvas.
• The composition of the roadway does not include any additional impurities that can be destroyed under the influence of certain factors. As for the fibers made of polypropylene, which are used in production, they normally tolerate radiation.
• The cover is fairly easy to install. It is enough to properly prepare it, as well as to select effective fasteners.

Geotextile Dornit: price

In order for you to be able to adequately assess the cost of the Dornit roadbed presented on our website, you need to take into account several points.

So, when pricing, various indicators are taken into account. Some of them don't change. This category includes raw material costs, technology implementation, other. These indicators are taken into account by manufacturers. They are the ones who set the initial price.

There is also another category of indicators. You must analyze it without fail. This includes indicators such as shipping costs, lot size, technique used, other. It is the analysis that will allow you to understand that the rates offered by us are by far the most profitable. You can see for yourself by reading the table.

Please note that we currently have unique program. Its essence is to encourage regular customers, wholesale buyers. So, we provide discounts, carry out the accrual of bonuses. You can learn more about the features of pricing, the possibility of obtaining a discount, by contacting our managers. To do this, we have placed our contacts in the appropriate section.

Fields of application of the canvas

• Geotextile Dornit used for the formation of green roofs. This material performs the role of drainage, and also protects the soil from leaching of minerals and organic matter.
• Dornit material is used in road construction as additional reinforcement.
• The use of Dornit provides additional protection against "splash" of soils thereby reducing the need for substrate materials.
• Dornit is laid under concrete slabs on road slopes and slopes. It protects the soil from washing out and reduces soil stress under concrete structures.
• Apply material and when arranging a strip foundation: a number of studies have shown that this geotextile reduces the stress on the structure even when installed in specific geological conditions.
• Dornit can also be used when organizing drainage systems - it protects the drainage channels from mechanical impurities.

If you are interested in our favorable prices, you want to buy Dornit geotextiles, then you first need to determine which brand is right for you. For this, you should study specifications various roadbeds, features of their use.

Next you can proceed to checkout. This is done very simply. You need to press the button, which is located under the selected brand. The form will appear on the monitor. It will need to be included Contact details. This is necessary so that our specialists can contact you.

It is in the telephone mode that you can specify how many goods you plan to order. You can also make adjustments to the prepared order, find out more information about discounts and bonuses. Together with the manager who will supervise your order, you will be able to choose an acceptable form of payment.

As for the delivery process, there are also some nuances here. For material transportation different techniques can be used. Therefore, you must decide what is more acceptable for you. You must also specify the exact address to which the delivery will be made, as well as the time.

Multi-lane, oncoming, as well as passing direction of movement of mechanical vehicles.

The term includes a complex of functionally related structural elements and artificial engineering structures, specially designed to ensure the safe movement of automobile and other vehicles with design speeds, loads and dimensions, with a given traffic intensity for a long time, as well as land plots provided for placement of this complex, and the space within the established dimension.

Story [ | ]

The definition of the concept of "road" in Russia is enshrined in law. According to the Federal Law of December 10, 1995 No. 196-FZ “On the Security traffic», road- a strip of land or the surface of an artificial structure, equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles. A road includes one or more carriageways, as well as tram tracks, sidewalks, verges, and medians, if any. IN federal law dated 08.11.2007 No. 257-FZ “On highways and on road activities in Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” defines highway- an object of transport infrastructure intended for the movement of vehicles and including land plots within the boundaries of the right of way of a highway and structural elements located on them or under them (roadbed, pavement and similar elements) and road structures that are its technological part - protective road structures, artificial road structures, production facilities, elements of road improvement.

Highways have a large number of intersections, intersections with railways and pipelines, and therefore are designed taking into account safety requirements. The cost of work on the current repair and maintenance of roads is determined by calculating the output of the road sector. Some countries have introduced driver tolls on certain roads to fund road maintenance.

The main elements of the highway[ | ]

Left-hand and right-hand traffic[ | ]

The presence of left-hand or right-hand traffic depends on the specific country. In countries with right-hand traffic, road signs are located mainly on the right side of the road, at roundabouts traffic is carried out counterclockwise, pedestrians when crossing a two-way road first look to the left, in countries with left-hand traffic - vice versa.

Approximately 34% of the world's population live in countries with left-hand traffic (these include Australia, Great Britain, India, South Africa, Japan, etc.), 66% - in countries with right-hand traffic. By the length of the road with right-hand traffic are also in the lead - 72%. Selected countries can switch from one type of traffic to another: for example, in 1967 Sweden switched from left-hand traffic to right-hand traffic, in 2009 in Samoa there was a reverse transition.

It is a single multilayer monolithic qualitatively compacted structure, consisting of subgrade, base and cover. The construction of the roadway, or, as is customary among road builders, pavement, is a labor-intensive and responsible process.

The coating is the most durable upper structural layer, which perfectly resists shear and shock loads from wheels from motor vehicles, as well as the effects of natural factors (precipitation and temperature changes), providing surface evenness and a high coefficient of adhesion.

The coating consists of 1 or 2 layers, the lower of which is always leveling.

The base is the bearing part of the pavement, consisting of the upper and lower layers.

The top layer is most often made of crushed stone, or materials treated with a binder, and serves to evenly transfer and distribute pressure on the additional layer of pavement, or soil, located below. As a consequence, such a layer must be resistant to shearing and bending external forces.

An example of an organic binder is petroleum road bitumen. The base in this case is made of black rubble.

In the case of using an inorganic binder - Portland cement, the base can be made of cement concrete, or hydropolymer cement soil ( innovative approach in road construction) mixtures.

The lower layer (frost-protective) consists of materials resistant to excessive waterlogging: sand, sand, and is arranged on roads with unfavorable soil and hydrological conditions, hence one of its many names - draining.

Main destination:

Removal of excess moisture from the upper layers of the subgrade;

Prevention of possible swelling of the coating due to waterlogging;

Ensuring the strength of the subgrade soil.

The lower part of the structure is completed (and to be precise, the construction of the entire structure begins with it) subgrade soil, in the form of a pre-compacted and planned layer on which the remaining structural layers of the pavement are laid.

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Asphalt concrete roads - the bituminous basis of civilization | "Advice to Owners"

Asphalt can rightly be called one of the pillars on which the current model of human society rests, if only because the automobile transport system, without which the modern economy is unthinkable and even the very appearance of the car in its current form, became possible only thanks to the invention of the modern concept of an asphalt road .

How is an asphalt road

Building a 21st century road is a complex engineering challenge. At the heart of the entire structure is a leveled and compacted subgrade, on top of which an underlying layer of compacted sand is poured. The task of this layer is to divert or retain free water in the pores of sand during construction work until the drainage devices of the road work.

On top of the preparatory layer, a crushed stone, or technological layer is arranged. Its task is to ensure the normal movement of cars and mechanisms during the construction of the road. It also serves as the "body" of the road. The material is compacted crushed stone and (or) gravel of various granulometric composition.

For normal grip asphalt pavement a layer of crushed stone is shed with a layer of molten bitumen or bitumen emulsion. And only after that asphalting is carried out, that is, the installation of the last, upper layer of asphalt concrete, which is a mixture of mineral materials (sand, crushed stone, mineral powder of various compositions) and bituminous binder.

In addition to these basic layers, roads can be additionally reinforced and modified with various additional layers: by laying on top of crushed stone, a reinforcing pad of sand-cement mixture can be placed, a reinforcing layer of a special rubber-bitumen cloth and fiberglass mesh can be laid. Geotextiles, etc. can be laid on the preparatory layer.

Construction of an asphalt road

The roadbed itself begins with the construction of a foundation pit, as the builders of the "bath" or "trough" say. The task of this construct is to remove weak and unstable soil to a dense base.

Sometimes, this has to be done at a considerable depth. For example, during the construction of the Sverdlovsk-Serov highway, in the swampy taiga of the Northern Urals, in some places it was necessary to remove up to 9 meters of floating soil.

The bottom of the "trough" is compacted with road rollers, after which it is covered with sand, which is also carefully rolled, achieving a compaction coefficient of at least 0.98.

On the sand layer, crushed stone or sand-gravel mixture is laid, the layer thickness is about 12-18 cm in the compacted state. With the help of this layer, the cross-slopes of the road provided for by the project are also formed, therefore it is carried out along beacons with constant geodetic control.

Crushed stone is shed with bitumen emulsion or molten bitumen. And not earlier than 6 hours after that, they start laying asphalt. They do this with the help of mechanical asphalt pavers, distributing the asphalt concrete mixture in an even layer and rolling it with rollers.

In cramped places, near various kinds of structures, asphalt is laid and leveled manually, with compaction by vibrorammers.

Work is carried out in dry weather, at an air temperature of at least +5 degrees Celsius.

Independent arrangement of asphalt roads and driveways

You can also cover the road with asphalt concrete yourself.

Since self-made driveways and passages, as a rule, are not designed for significant loads, so-called cold asphalt is used, made on bitumen with a lower melting point. Such mixtures do not require significant heating and can be laid at a temperature of 30°C.

By doing the work carefully, with high-quality compaction of the layers, you will get a comfortable road that can last for decades.

Ask questions in the comments below or by mail. Subscribe to the newsletter. Good luck to you and good luck to your family!

chonemuzhik.ru

Pie of the road, a cut of the roadway. Road construction.

First you need to understand how an asphalt road works, how and what loads it perceives and distributes.

Asphalt itself does not work well for bending (twisting, various forces having a shoulder), since the structure of the asphalt is granular. IN Everyday life this can be observed in the autumn-winter, spring period, i.e. when wet soil freezes. When frozen, the soil expands by 10%, thereby creating an extrusion force on the road.

Reinforced concrete, for example, copes with this task much better due to the location of metal rods in its body.

At the same time, asphalt resists shear and shear very well, for example when a car brakes. Since asphalt granules are interconnected by bitumen.

The main task of the asphalt pavement is not only to absorb shear and shear loads, but also to transfer the weight of the vehicle from the surface to the underlying layers with an expanding load perception field. Fig 2.

ROAD SECTION

In other words, you need to prepare the entire road section, from the bottom layer to the asphalt itself.

Otherwise, the canvas will begin to break, pits and various other defects in the road surface will form.

The principle of transferring the load from the car to the road surface

Mathematically, it looks like this: 1, m2 ABS should transfer the load to 1m2 + X, bases where, X is greater than zero.

In the physical sense, there is nothing complicated here, the thing is that the fraction of the base (crushed stone) must be greater than the fraction of the filling of the ABS.

For example: the fraction of crushed stone in class A asphalt is 5-20, 5-10 and less, and the fraction of crushed stone in the base is 20-40. Since the crushed stone particles of the base are larger, they increase the load field transmitted by the top layer of the road surface, from the wheels of vehicles and other loads. In no case, it is not necessary to lay coarse-grained asphalt on a fine-grained base!

That is why, for example, on large federal highways and autobahns, where there is a high intensity and speed of traffic, the roadway structure has a multilayer structure. Recently, various glass, basalt meshes, non-woven fabrics, various additives in ABS, SMA, etc. have been actively used.

Technologies of modern asphalting are developing year by year. There is a lot of new material and innovative technologies asphalt paving that improves the performance of the road surface.

Now the use of road mesh and membranes takes 5-10% of the cost of materials. At the same time, it can significantly improve the characteristics of the load, intensity, strength of the road, and significantly save material.

Road construction in private houses, near cottages, summer cottages, parking

When working with small areas, as a rule, a simplified technology for laying asphalt pavement is used. These facilities do not require high performance ABS. In order to park a personal car at your cottage, there is no need to build a multi-layer structure of the road trough.

I also wanted to note the fact that, for the improvement of small volumes, a vibrating plate can be used.

The field of compaction depth at the vibrating plate is from 15 cm, which is quite enough for layer-by-layer tamping and asphalt laying on small adjoining territories.

I hope in this article you learned useful information on the choice of the design of the “road cake” and clarified a little the mechanics and principles of the road surface.

You can also ask your questions here, and we will answer them!

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Ancient Roman roads | roadtm.com

Inhabitants ancient rome over their centuries-old history, they created a huge number of artificial engineering structures, but their most important achievement was a huge (even by modern standards) road network with a length of more than 100 thousand kilometers, connecting Rome with numerous provinces.

More than one millennium has passed, but the quality of Roman roads brought eternal glory to their builders. It was a grandiose construction project in terms of scale and investment, some sections of which have survived to our times, more than two millennia after the start of construction.

The rapidly growing empire, in addition to the obvious advantages, had obvious disadvantages: the empire had to be protected and protected. In order to reduce the time for moving the army from the center to the provinces, it was decided to build a network of very strong roads. The motto was put at the forefront: "Roads should be maintained, not repaired."

The beginning of construction was preceded by land surveying, during which the optimal direction of the future road was determined, taking into account the relief of a particular area, the border, and an engineering decision was made.

During the construction of the road, excess soil was removed into the excavations and the bottom layer of the sand base was carefully compacted. Next, a layer of cobblestone was arranged. Then there was a layer of crushed stone, fastened concrete mortar. The next layer was crumbled brick, on top of which cobblestones were laid.

The total thickness of all structural layers sometimes reached 3-5 meters. Hence the expression: "Roman roads are walls dug into the ground." As a result, such structures did not need to be repaired for a hundred years.

Features of Roman roads:

1. Transverse slopes (dual-slope profiles), as a result, the absence of puddles on the surface of the coating.

2. Straightness (the road began to wind in extremely rare cases).

3. A high curb stone that reinforces the roadbed.

4. Sophisticated drainage system (device of side ditches).

5. A huge network of related infrastructure: inns, forges, stables.

6. The road was built by the forces of legionnaires, i.e. military.

7. The road had an incredible margin of safety.

8. Thickness reaching 5 meters in some areas.

9. The minimum width was 2.5 meters, the maximum - 12 m.

10. Mileposts were installed along the entire length of the road, informing the traveler about the distance in miles to the nearest settlement and Rome.

11. If initially the roads were built exclusively for military purposes, then later it turned out that they became a real driver for the development of trade, increasing the turnover of working capital tenfold.

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Cross section of the road - How to make repairs to the apartment yourself?

The construction of the cross section of the carriageway must correspond to the tracing elements of the road in plan and in the longitudinal section. It depends on the road category, vertical load, speed limit and the heavy traffic component of the total traffic flow. The dimensions and sections of the road cross section are selected based on the RAS-Q (cross section) guidelines.

Cross-sectional drawing of the road shows on a scale of 1:50 correct device road section at right angles to its axis. At the same time, the dimensions of the road body, transverse slopes, and, if necessary, noise protection devices, drainage devices, construction class, minimum thickness and layers of the “pie”, i.e. the upper part of the road section, as well as the slopes of the slopes (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Cross section of the road

Determining the width of the road

To determine the width of the road, a calculated vehicle with a width of 2.5 m and a height of 4.00 m is taken as the basis (Fig. 2). Each car must have a certain free space when driving, allowing some deviations from a straight line of movement. This space depends on the expected speed and traffic load and ranges from 0.25 to 1.25 m. Shoulders should be provided on the side of the carriageway. Roadsides are marked. On roads of lower subordination, the presence of shoulders is neglected. Shoulders are also not made when roads pass through villages, if the carriageway is separated by curb stones.

Rice. 2. Components of the cross section of the road

When constructing autobahns, for example, median (dividing lanes) and parking (side) lanes with a hard surface are arranged. Dividing lanes separate carriageways with the opposite direction of traffic, while parking lanes provide an opportunity in the event of an accident to turn to the side or stop.

At the outer edge of hard-surfaced planes, non-paved side strips, called banquets, should be located. They are usually planted. The banquets are equipped with safety devices and protective devices, such as safety buffers or bollards.

Banquets, depending on the section, have a width of 1.00 and 1.50 m (Fig. 2 and Table 1). If we add the width of the banquets to the width of the carriageway, we get the width of the crown (Fig. 1).

Table 1. Width of the components of the road section according to RAS-L (excerpts)
Regular section	Number of lanes	Lane, m	Roadside, m	Middle (separating) strip, m	Stop lane, m	Banquet, m	Side stripes, m
RQ 35.5	6	3,75/3,50	0,75/0,50	3,50	2,50	1,50	3,00
RQ26	4	3,50	0,50	3,00	2,00	1,50	3,00
RQ20	4	3,25	0,50	2,00	-	1,50	1,75
RQ10.5	2	3,50	0,25/0,50	-	-	1,50	1,75
RQ9.5	2	3,00	0,25	-	-	1,50	1,75
RQ7.5	2	2,75		-	-	1,00	1,25

Space for movement, space for safety, space for light

The driving space for trucks consists of the space occupied by the design vehicle, free space side and top, as well as spaces above the side strips, drive-through gutters or paved side strips. The space for the movement of trucks has a height of 4.25 m, for the movement of cyclists and for pedestrians the height is 2.25 m. Safety spaces must be provided above and on the sides of the space for movement.

The width of the side safety spaces depends on the permissible speed vperm. These dimensions can be reduced by 0.25 m next to the paved side lanes, at the middle (dividing) lane and next to curb stones. The clear space of the road cross section consists of the traffic space and the side and upper safety spaces. There should not be any solid obstacles in the space in the light of the cross section of the road (Fig. 2).

The clear height for trucks is 4.5 m, for pedestrian and cycling roads - 2.50 m.

Bicycle and pedestrian roads

Outside built-up areas, pedestrian and cycling traffic takes place without mutual differentiation along common pedestrian and cycling roads, which are usually 2.5 m wide. They can run parallel to the carriageway or independently of it. Cycle roads in built-up areas next to road curbs should be located at least 0.75 m from the curb so that the cycle path is clear of open doors parked cars.

Pedestrian paths (sidewalks) in built-up areas shall be at least 1.5 m wide.

Regular Sections

In the guidelines for the construction of roads, part - cross sections (RAS-Q), regular sections are given for all categories of roads and traffic loads (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Regular sections of two-lane and single-lane roads (excerpts)

They differ in the number of traffic lanes, the width of the traffic lanes, and the components of the sections (Table 1).

Slope device

If the edge of the crown of the carriageway lies above the existing ground surface, then an embankment slope occurs, if it lies below the existing ground surface, then a cut slope is obtained. The slope height is equal to the difference between the heights of the crown edge and the point of intersection of the non-rounded slope with the ground surface (Fig. 4). All embankment and cut slopes ≥ 2.00 m high receive

Rice. 4. Standard slope slope according to RAS-Q

If the slope height is less than 2.00 m, then a constant width b = 3.00 m is used instead of the normative slope. In this case, the slope of the slope becomes more gentle when the slope height decreases, a harmonious transition to the landscape is ensured. The transition from the slope to the territory is usually rounded. The length of the tangent (7) to the rounding depends on the height of the slope. For slope heights ≥ 2.00 m, the tangent length is 3.00 m; for slope heights below 2.00 m, the tangent length is 1.5h. In cramped conditions, shorter tangent lengths are also possible. In this case, the rounding of the slope can be neglected.

spravochnik-stroitelya.ru

As you know, there is nothing eternal in our world, but you always want to use something that can serve for many years, invariably maintaining its high functional qualities. When it comes to Russian roads, in principle, I would like them to simply exist. Not broken highways and city asphalt dotted with holes, but full-fledged roads that could be easily and pleasantly driven.

Perhaps one of the age-old Russian problems will be solved by a resident of Omsk, who came up with a new generation of roadbeds that have no analogues in the world. At first, Alexander believed that his invention would be suitable only for the northern regions of our vast country, but then he adjusted the project for megacities. According to the author, roads with movable elements will be extremely durable and easy to install.

Using miniature metal puzzles, the Russian demonstrated to journalists how his invention would work. The structure will consist of pyramid-shaped concrete blocks connected by special locks. When the pavement is under load, the puzzles will begin to move, simultaneously increasing the strength of the road and creating drainage channels for rain and melt water. At the same time, the more pressure will be exerted on the structure, the more the soil will be compacted from below.

Will Russia really have the best roads in the world?

Omsk craftsman reports that such a paving can be laid directly on the sand without any soil fills and auxiliary layers. This will significantly reduce not only the cost, but also the labor intensity of laying roads in Russia.

Alexander has already managed to patent his innovation. In order for a patent to be issued, an examination was required, during which it was necessary to prove the utility of the invention. A special commission studied an interesting collapsible road surface and tested it on several types of soil. It turned out that the brainchild of a Russian really has undoubted operational advantages over solid concrete slabs. Experts considered that such an innovation could be effectively used even in permafrost conditions.

Omich has already sent letters to the local Ministry of Construction, the regional governor, Rosavtodor, and even the presidential administration. In his messages, the inventor urges officials to get acquainted with his development and evaluate the prospects for its implementation in the country. While civil servants are thinking, Alexander is trying to improve the road surface, making it even more functional and durable.

Roadbed

A strip of land intended for travel.

(Terms of the Russian architectural heritage. Pluzhnikov V.I., 1995)

Dictionary of Architectural Terms.. EdwART. 2011 .

See what "Roadbed" is in other dictionaries:

MI 3114-2008: Recommendation. GSI. Automatic weighing devices for weighing vehicles in motion and determining axial loads on the roadway. Verification procedure- Terminology MI 3114 2008: Recommendation. GSI. Automatic weighing devices for weighing vehicles in motion and determining axial loads on the roadway. Verification method: Control car: Car with ... ...

The value of the actual load on the roadway created by a single axle of the car.- The value of the actual load on the roadway created by a single axle of the car. The value of the load on the roadway created by a single axle of a two-axle vehicle on a spring suspension, determined in a static weighing mode ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The largest measurement limit (LLI) of the axial load on the roadway- Highest Measuring Limit (LLT) of axle load on the roadway: The highest load on the load platform for which the scales for weigh-in-motion without summation are designed. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

The smallest limit for measuring the axial load on the roadway (IMPI)- Lowest Axle Load Limit (CLL): The load below which the result of the weighing in motion before totalization may contain an unacceptably high error. Source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

ROAD CONSTRUCTION the construction industry concerned with the design, construction, repair and maintenance highways, access roads and city streets. This concept, as a rule, includes management, organization of work and supervision ... ... Collier Encyclopedia

canvas- A/; pl. polo / tna, ten, tnam; cf. see also linen 1) a) Smooth linen or cotton fabric, in which each warp thread is intertwined with each weft thread; artificial or silk fabric of a similar weave Weave, bleach, ... ... Dictionary of many expressions

canvas- A; pl. canvases, ten, tnam; cf. 1. Smooth linen or cotton fabric, in which each warp thread is intertwined with each weft thread; artificial or silk fabric of a similar weave. Weaving, bleaching, spreading p.p. for sails ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Earth roadbed- subgrade structural element, which serves as the basis for the placement of pavement, as well as technical means of organizing traffic and arranging a highway; ... Source: Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union from ... ... Official terminology

subgrade- Structure that serves as the base of the upper structure railway track, which perceives the load from the superstructure of the track and railway rolling stock, evenly distributes it to the underlying natural soil, levels the ner ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

road base- The lower load-bearing part of the pavement, consisting of one or more layers road materials and ensuring the transfer of loads to the subgrade [ Terminological dictionary on construction in 12 languages ​​(VNIIIS Gosstroy of the USSR)] Topics ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook

Books

• The game "Flexible autotrack. Fire brigade" (340 parts) (VV 2769), . Help the fire truck get to the scene. Collect one of the proposed route options or invent your own. Create slides and bridges, avoid obstacles and bend the roadway...