What is the most economical heating in a private house. The cheaper it is to heat a house (gas, wood, electricity, coal, diesel) Options for electric heating of a private house

How to heat a private house to create the most comfortable living conditions and at the same time minimize the cost and maintenance costs of the heating system. The task is complex and requires a comprehensive solution.

Popular ways to heat a private house

I have not seen the popularity rating of the method of heating a private house. In theory, in a country leading in gas production, gas heating should lead in possible heating systems. But it's not like that. Long distances and weak main gasification force one to turn one's choice to heating systems other than gas heating. Let's see how you can heat a private house.

The choice of home heating option cannot be made after finishing the house. You need to have a heating project before construction, and a gasket engineering communications heating must be done at least before finishing works in the house. For example, interior decoration sip at home is more often carried out drywall sheets and before their installation, you need to have a clear plan for the distribution of heating and the installation location of heating devices and a heating source.

We decide how to heat the house

First of all, when deciding how and how to heat a private house, they pay attention to the availability of the type of fuel in their area. Under the fuel, you need to understand any source of energy that can be converted into heat, namely:

• main gas;
• Liquefied gas in cylinders;
• Firewood and their modern version - pallets;
• Electricity;
• Diesel fuel;
• fuel oil;
• solar energy;
• BIOfuel.

When deciding on the choice of fuel, its regional availability, price and delivery are important. For all these parameters, the most profitable option is main gas (if it is available in your village), however, the installation of turnkey gas heating is as expensive as possible.

Combined heating systems

The second issue that needs to be resolved is to heat a private house using one or two (three) types of fuel. In this matter, the approach to the solution has two directions:

• Plan combined heating according to the scheme: main and emergency heating;
• Plan combined heating according to the scheme: simultaneous use of two or three heating systems. For example, gas boiler and heating radiators + infrared heating + electric underfloor heating. Or the installation of two heating boilers operating on different fuels. Plenty of combinations.
• Especially important, have dual-fuel heating (combined boilers) in houses permanent residence and areas with a seasonal rise in fuel prices.
• Again, you need to remember that the equipment and installation of dual-fuel heating is more expensive.

For Russia, symbioses are popular: gas and wood heating, or electric (electric boiler) and fireplace heating. In the off-season, when frost has not struck, they use wood heating, and for the winter they start a gas boiler.

Alternative heating sources

Modern man pays more and more attention to heat sources, which in fact cost nothing. These are the sun, wind and biological waste products. Today, these heat sources remain supplementary and are rarely used as they are for primary heating.

For example, at a price quite affordable, heating schemes using solar collectors or solar panels, as additional source. Solar generators work only in sunny weather, therefore, they are included in heating systems with two or three heating systems: main heating (gas) + solar panels+ battery system. If the area of ​​​​residence is sunny, then solar collectors act as the main heating, and the boiler (gas, electric, wood) is additional.

One or two heating systems

Two system heating schemes are widely used: two different types of heating systems from one source. Alternatively, the first floor of the house is heated with water-heated floors, and the second floor is heated with water radiators. The heating source is one, and there are several heating circuits.

Alternatives to gas heating

As I already mentioned, gas heating is the most convenient for permanent residences, gasification of a house is the ultimate dream. However, the total cost of gasification at home forces us to look for an alternative to gas.

Electricity

Electricity itself is a great alternative to gas, if it weren't so expensive. Practice shows that for 7 months of the heating season, when using only electric heating, you will have to spend 50-60 thousand rubles, and this is with a good setting of the heating boiler.

Using electricity, you can heat your house with:

• Electric heating boiler (100 meters of the house = 10 kW boiler).
• Electric convectors (cheap installation, but requires new wiring).
• Film infrared heating (rarely used as the main heating due to the high cost of installation and operation).

In addition to electricity, an alternative to gas can be:

Diesel fuel. A lot of disadvantages: expensive equipment, you need a special place for the tank, you need constant replenishment of fuel. The cost of diesel fuel: 2-3 rubles per 1 kW of heat.

Firewood. Wood heating is not easy. On the one hand, they are accessible. If you make them yourself, they are quite cheap. Probably, for this, the whole rural Finland is heated with firewood. In Russia, the cost of purchased firewood is slightly more expensive than gas, but cheaper than all other types of fuel. Gas - 20-30 kopecks per 1 kW, firewood - 70 kopecks, coal 1.3 -1.5 rubles, electricity - 3 ± 1 ruble per 1 kW.

For each residential building, whether it is a large multi-apartment building, or we are talking about a private household of one and two-story type, organization is of great importance. efficient heating. There are a lot of existing heating options today, however, due to technical capabilities, not every house can be connected to gas. It is not always possible to supply solid fuel or liquid fuel boilers with the required amount of fuel. In such situations, home heating will become electricity.

Already at the stage of designing an electric heating system, it can be concluded that this method of heating will be much cheaper and more economical. Especially if we compare the speed of installation of electrical equipment with the laying and installation of heating systems of other types. Economic efficiency in some cases is a decisive factor when choosing a heating system. Despite the fact that today electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, new technologies allow the use of electric heaters with high efficiency.

Electric heating in your home - the main advantages and disadvantages

The concept of electric heating should be understood as a fairly wide range of technical means and capabilities. Electricity is a unique type of artificially produced energy that can be successfully used for domestic purposes. Electric heating can be of two types:

• with an intermediate coolant;
• with direct heat transfer.

In the first case, we are talking about a system based on an electric boiler that heats up the coolant and distributes it through the pipeline system. In the second case, we are talking about independent heating elements and appliances powered by an electrical network. To heat the house, like any other room, convectors, thermal electric fans, spiral and infrared heaters are actively used. This method of heating is much simpler from a technical point of view. The only negative is a significant overspending of electricity, which will have to be paid. A separate discussion deserves a warm floor, a technology thanks to which you can truly achieve comfort in heating residential premises.

If we consider the ratio of opportunities and benefits obtained from the use of electric heating with other types of heating, then electricity will look preferable. The main advantage of electric heating systems is high efficiency. Other positive points include:

• durability of operating systems;
• ease of maintenance and operation;
• reasonable costs for the purchase of equipment, installation and connection.
• silent operation and high level of safety of modern electric heating installations;
• lack of permits for the installation of electric heating systems.

The economic effect is achieved through the installation of thermostats on electric heaters, due to which automatic switching on and off of the power supply occurs.

The listed pluses are leveled by one minus. To install sufficiently powerful electrical heating appliances in the house, an electric boiler, additional equipment of the residential building with electrical distribution devices and devices will be required.

Important! Wiring in the house must be able to withstand significant loads, especially in the cold season. In addition, electric switchboard must be equipped with a multi-tariff meter, which allows intensive use of the cheap night tariff. The main task in the installation of electric heating systems is to optimize the operation of the entire complex.

Electric boiler or convector - what's the difference? What to pay attention to?

From a technological point of view, an electric boiler is the most profitable in terms of price-quality ratio. Before making a purchase, you should carefully study the technical capabilities and characteristics of the models on the market. Assessing the capabilities of the boiler, it is necessary to take into account the amount of work that new equipment has to cope with. In order to heat a house with an area of ​​150 m 2, according to approximate calculations, at least 150 kW of electricity per day will be required. Not every boiler is able to cope with such a volume, and not all power lines are able to withstand such a load.

The boiler is connected to the usual standard water heating system, heating the coolant during its operation.

Each model is equipped, which allows residents to independently choose the temperature regime. Automation itself regulates the power of the boiler based on the specified parameters, without requiring human intervention, providing the necessary savings in electricity. The water supply is also regulated by the built-in pump, so you don't have to worry about normal pressure there is no reason in the system. Additional equipment, which is equipped with most today modern models electric boilers, increases the functionality of the system and aims to reduce electricity consumption, saving you money.

In the process of optimizing work, it is important to take into account the heat losses that are inherent in the room. This indicator depends directly on the thickness of the walls, the presence of insulation, the number of doors and window openings. The main heat loss occurs through windows and doors.

Last but not least, the heating efficiency depends on the parameters of the selected electric boiler model. There are classic boilers with heating elements, as well as more efficient modern options- induction and electrode (ionic). Moreover, all of them have an efficiency of 90%.

For reference: Often, manufacturers in the accompanying documents for the goods write the efficiency of the model - 95-98%. The figures look impressive, although in reality the figures are much lower, in the range of 90-92%.

With the simultaneous use of a large number of electrical household appliances, the temperature of the coolant in the electric heating system can be reduced, saving on a balanced consumption of electricity. Each specific case gives various options for savings, in contrast to the use of other heating systems. For example, an area of ​​​​50 m 2 will require an electric boiler with a capacity of 3 kW. Having the necessary numbers at hand, it is not at all difficult to calculate the number of kilowatts that will be consumed during the month with the continuous operation of the boiler.

Eg:

• house area - 50 m 2;
• electric boiler - power 3 kW;

We do arithmetic calculations according to the following formula: 3x24x30, where 24 is the number of hours in a day, 30 is the number of days in a month. We get 2160 kW per month with the boiler running, and now we multiply this figure by the electricity tariff that is set in your region.

All calculations are approximate. The real amount of electricity costs will be visible only after some time. Only then can you make an independent adjustment of the heating system in the house, determine the appropriateness of using other electrical appliances in everyday life.

If you need to organize heating in own house without laying highways and installing numerous equipment, you can get by with convectors. Unlike electric water heating in convectors, the basic principle of operation is the convection of warm air. Due to the operation of the heating elements, the ambient air is heated. The system is almost completely self-contained, compact and able to quickly heat up small interior spaces.

Convectors are equipped with temperature controllers, with which you can set the optimal heating parameters. The presence of automation provides automatic switching on / off of the device, depending on the temperature regime inside the room. To install heaters of this type, you must have high-quality sockets and reliable wiring.

Convectors can be installed both on walls and on the floor. The cooled air goes down, getting into the field of action of the heating elements, heats up again and rises, and so on vicious circle. Thus, the process of convection of air masses is achieved. The operating mode of heating convectors is 60-100 0 C. Additionally, the room can be equipped with fans, the operation of which will accelerate the air exchange of the air mass. Despite the apparent simplicity of the design and the elementary principle of operation, the heating of the room with the help of convectors is carried out unevenly. Under the ceiling, the air will be warmer, while cool air masses will be felt below.

To achieve savings when using convectors, it is enough to carry out a simple mathematical calculation that allows you to determine required amount devices for normal space heating. Practice shows that convectors are effective in heating wooden residential and household buildings of a small area. In capital, stone buildings with premises of a large area, it is not advisable to use convectors. Large volumes of air quickly cool down, the time for heating the room by convection of air masses increases significantly. Consequently, the energy consumption of the heating system increases.

Underfloor heating - economical heating of a private house

An electric boiler, convectors are not the only options to equip a private house with an efficient heating system powered by the mains. Underfloor heating, which today has become fashionable to install in country houses and apartments, can be a good alternative to any other heating option. From the point of view of physics, a warm floor does not give a noticeable effect in heating residential premises, however, in comparison with the operation of other electric heating devices, thanks to a warm floor, it is possible to reduce energy costs for heating.

The desired effect is achieved through rational distribution of heat. Floors are known to be the coolest part of any room. Thanks to warm floors the coldest part of the room is automatically re-profiled from the cooler to the source of heat energy. The air heated from below over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room rises in uniform flows. For residential premises, underfloor heating saves 30-40%, for heating other premises, the savings can be 50% or more.

With the help of temperature controllers, optimal heating parameters are achieved. Having independently determined temperature regime indoors, it is possible to achieve significant energy savings.

The benefits of underfloor heating are:

• effective method quick warm-up premises;
• acceptable economic indicators;
• a comfortable indoor climate is maintained (oxygen is not burned);
• simplicity and reliability in operation.

Against the background of the advantages that underfloor heating has, the only drawback of this electric heating option seems insignificant. The problem lies in the complexity of installing such a heating system, associated with the need to reorganize the flooring.

The preliminary calculation of the cost of heating costs in this case is as follows:

The approximate power of standard models used in everyday life is 1.5 kW per 10 m 2. We consider the average daily consumption and get a figure of 360 kW. For rooms of other sizes, calculations are made according to the same principle, the power varies in proportion to the area.

For reference: 360 kW x 2.5 (tariff 2.5 rubles, approximately) we get 900 rubles. And now we multiply the resulting figure by real square meters, for example 50 m 2. As a result, we have a figure of 4500 rubles.

Today, there is a wide range of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Each of us has the right to choose which heating option suits him best. An electric boiler, underfloor heating or electric heaters are options that solve certain problems. You can solve the problem globally by creating a capital heating system or solve issues locally. In any case, you can achieve savings if you rationally equip your house with heating elements, reduce heat loss in the room and optimize the operation of the entire energy system in the house.

Residents of high-rise city buildings remember about heating only in situations when an accident occurs. Indeed, a centralized highway eliminates many problems, eliminates the need to monitor equipment, carry out scheduled inspections and repairs - all this is done by housing and communal services specialists. Quite another matter - the inhabitants of their own cottages. They not only have to choose the most cheap heating at home, but also to implement the scheme, purchase appropriate equipment, arrange maintenance. The issue of saving in such a situation is especially acute, all the saved funds can be spent on more pressing needs. To save as much money as possible, we recommend that you approach this issue in a comprehensive manner.

Traditional fuels

The cheapest heating of a private house can be equipped on the basis of. If a highway is laid near the cottage, then you should not hesitate, you must immediately submit requests for permits, purchase equipment and proceed with installation. Yes, at the stage of installation and purchase, you will have to spend an impressive amount, but in the process of use, everything will pay off in full.

It will be possible with the help of solid fuel. Firewood, peat and wood briquettes - all this is quite cheap, you have to put up with some operational inconvenience, the need to regularly put new batches of fuel into the furnace, but the economic benefit is worth it.

If we talk about liquid fuel, then in a private house its use is undesirable. The reason is simple - every year an increase in diesel prices is fixed, if a few years ago it was possible to talk about this technique as financially profitable, now everything is completely different. To this should be added the need for equipment for the boiler of a separate room, spacious enough to be able to organize the storage area for tanks or cans of fuel. Another drawback: the emissions of such fuel are rather unpleasant, not everyone can stand the smell of unburned diesel fuel.

Electricity and derivatives

Heating the building with electricity deserves a separate discussion. By itself, such a boiler is able to heat the building only partially, the operating costs are too high, and therefore the purchase of a device of the appropriate power can lead to huge utility bills. However, some electricity-based schemes can be set up at home with your own hands, and they will turn out to be cost-effective and reliable:

• infrared heat sources. There is no need to mount the boiler, lay pipes. Infrared devices are easily mounted under the ceiling or on the plane of the walls, they look stylish and fit perfectly into any interior. Their profitability is already visible in the first month of operation, heating bills will be reduced by almost 60 percent.
• Infrared film. The film is placed under linoleum or laminate, evenly heats the room throughout the volume.

There are disadvantages of infrared heating: the costs are still higher than with gas heating. The likelihood of fogging windows increases if the rays do not fall on the window sill (convection currents are weaker than with traditional heating). An unexpected power outage is much more likely than a gas outage. In the case of an open installation of reflectors under the ceiling, there are unpleasant sensations, as they say, "the bald head burns, and the legs freeze."

Innovation

Economical heating can also be organized using renewable energy sources. If your area has relatively warm sunny days large enough, the use of batteries solar energy looks quite reasonable and rational. The panels can perform both the main function and the auxiliary one, turning on in situations where there are interruptions on the main line. The novelty was the use of heat pumps, which allow you to minimize heating costs, but the equipment and installation work the most expensive of all types of heat generators.

Many would like to buy housing outside the city. However, when building a private house, various problems arise. One of them is how to heat Vacation home. Most often, there is no possibility to connect to the central heating on the land plot. So, you have to think about what type of autonomous heating to use.

Ten years ago, every owner of the house tried to connect to the gas supply in order to heat the room with gas. Now the situation has changed. There are alternative ways to heat the building. Constantly rising prices for the usual coolants. Space heating costs have not only increased, they have increased exponentially.

Modern owners are armed with both the old "grandfather" and the most advanced heating technologies.

After the end of the heating season, the owners of private houses calculate the cost of heating the house. Many people think about how to change the heating system, because there is an alternative. We will describe several options for heating private buildings.

Stove heating with wood

If the house is built away from gas mains or you do not want to pay for an expensive coolant, you can arrange a heating system with wood. This option is ideal from an environmental point of view and does not harm the health of residents. How does a wood burning stove work?

The principle of operation of this design is simple and clear. You buy a stove, put firewood in it, set it on fire. Firewood burns and heats the stove equipment. The stove gives off heat, the air in the room warms up.

Despite the apparent primitiveness of the design, this heating option has a number of advantages:

• the oven heats up quickly;
• there is no need to buy and install pipes, radiators, pumps;
• the design is reliable, designed for long-term operation, it is difficult to damage it;
• firewood can be purchased cheaply.

Modern heating furnaces little reminiscent of the well-known potbelly stoves. The design of the furnace is designed so that the installation gives off a lot of heat and can work for a long time from one load.

The structure of the boiler for firewood.

A boiler can be built into the wood-burning heating system. When choosing a boiler, it is better to dwell on a pyrolysis type design. Heat will be generated as a result of combustion of pyrolysis gases. This type of boiler equipment can function without electricity.

How does a solid fuel boiler work? At high temperature and in the absence of oxygen, the burning fuel decomposes into generator gas and solid waste. In this case, it is possible to achieve maximum heat transfer from fuel combustion.

Now about the disadvantages of this type of building heating:

• the furnace installation is quite large, you have to think about where to install it; the equipment weighs decently, so you won’t be able to install the oven yourself;
• next to the house it will be necessary to provide a covered room for firewood, it is important that the wood supply is enough for the heating period;
• combustion products from improper operation of the furnace device can be hazardous to health;
• when heating with wood, it will be necessary to provide for a chimney device;
• the stove will heat the room unevenly.

With the help of coal

Many private houses are located far from the gas pipe. Buying firewood in some regions is more difficult than coal. You can purchase equipment that runs on solid fuels. Boilers designed to burn coal have sensors to control the heating temperature. Usage hard coal will reduce the number harmful substances resulting from combustion.

When choosing firewood or coal, you should decide in advance where and at what prices you will buy fuel.

Boilers for solid fuels consist of a furnace in which the process of coal combustion takes place, a heat exchanger where the coal is heated, and a grate. The heat exchanger can be made of cast iron or steel. Depending on this, cast-iron or steel boilers can be found on the market. What is the preferred material? Steel boilers are slightly cheaper. Why? A cast iron boiler will last longer. As for reliability, these structures are difficult to damage.

The advantages of coal furnaces include durability and high heat transfer. The heating system does not require electricity. It is clear that coal will have to be purchased in advance and a room for its storage provided.

Using electricity

The better to heat a country house when there is no gas and electricity, we have already told. If the building is connected to electricity, you can use electricity for heating. The building will not be heated by electricity, but hot water. And electricity will heat the water.

How to equip such a heating system? First of all, you should buy a boiler in which water will be heated. Electric boilers can be designed for different capacities, have one or more circuits. If the system is with one circuit, then the water is heated only to heat the house. When there is a second circuit, water can be heated for a bathroom or kitchen. Sometimes two boilers are installed in parallel. In summer, one of them can be turned off. The second will heat water for domestic needs.

Types of boilers

For residential buildings, you can purchase wall and floor electric boilers. The latter have more weight and size. Therefore, they are installed only on a horizontal surface.

Water (sometimes antifreeze) enters the boiler. Here, electrical energy is converted into heat. The liquid heats up and expands. The water pressure increases, the liquid independently moves through the pipes to the heating radiators. Batteries warm up and heat the building. The water is cooled and returned to the boiler for heating again. The system has a closed cycle.

In some cases, you can install a boiler with a forced circulation system. This will require an additional pump and expansion tank.

If a water heating system is not installed, but the electricity in the building is connected, other heating options can be provided. Now you can buy various types of heaters powered by electricity. Most often used oil coolers. They consume little electricity and are safe to use.

Infrared heaters are also used indoors. But they can only warm certain parts of the room. This type of heating will save electricity. Often this type of heating is used in summer cottages.

Infrared emitters a couple of years ago caused distrust. Now the situation is just the opposite. It turned out that this type of radiation does not pose a threat to health. Moreover, these rays help to cope with colds.

Precautionary measures

When heating buildings with a heater, you need to learn the basic precautions:

• do not dry wet clothes on the heater;
• make sure that the wire does not lie on flammable objects;
• try not to use too long extension cords;
• do not leave the heater on at night.

If you heat a building with wood (charcoal), you should also follow these rules:

• there should be no combustible substances near the red-hot stove;
• near the stove door, the floor should be made of an iron plate; if sparks fall on linoleum or wood, this will lead to a fire;
• As a result of combustion, hazardous substances are formed, a working ventilation is required so that the combustion products can escape the building.

We calculated the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from various kinds fuel, as well as expenses for the entire heating season, plus the payback period of heating systems.

It is generally accepted that the most profitable heating option is main gas. But not everyone can say for sure how quickly its connection will pay off, even if the gas pipe has already been laid along the border of your site. Therefore, the question “the cheaper it is to heat a house” will be very relevant. To answer it, we have prepared two tables and a chart. The first table collected information on the cost of obtaining 1 kWh of heat from various types of fuel at prices at the beginning of 2016. The diagram shows fuel costs for one heating season. And in the second table - the payback period of heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler.

Table of the cost of obtaining thermal energy for heating from various types of fuel

Type of fuel	Unit price, rub.	The cost of 1 kWh of heat received, rub.	Typical efficiency of boilers (furnaces), %	The cost of the received 1 kWh of heat, taking into account the efficiency, rub.
Coal "eco-peas", kg.	3	0,39	0,8	0,48
Main gas, m.cub.	5,04	0,54	0,9	0,60
Firewood dry coniferous (20%), kg.	3,9	0,99	0,7	1,41
Air-to-water heat pump, kW.**	1,1	1,10		1,10
Pellets, kg.	6	1,26	0,8	1,57
Firewood of natural humidity, coniferous (40%), kg.*	3	1,33	0,7	1,90
Liquefied gas, l.	15,3	2,71	0,9	3,01
Diesel fuel, l.	29	2,86	0,85	3,37
Electricity (day/night)***	4,11	4,11		4,11

* - taking into account the density of folded chopped firewood and the density of the wood itself
** - taking into account the efficiency at average temperatures around -5 ° C, which corresponds to winter near Moscow
*** - the average value of tariffs for MO was taken in proportions 2/1.

The data in the table is sorted by the cost of heat generated by burning each type of fuel, converted to kWh. We deliberately did not sort the list taking into account the efficiency of boilers, since there may be options. Although the bulk of high-quality boilers for different fuels have an efficiency of 80%. We will also leave aside questions of the convenience of using a particular type of fuel. Of course, the most trouble-free here will be electricity, a heat pump, as well as main gas, albeit to a lesser extent. In other cases, there will be more trouble.

Next, we will calculate heating season cost for the Moscow Region, based on a house insulated according to SNiP with an area of ​​100 m 2. We will conditionally accept that it is necessary to actively heat from November to March (150 days a year). At the same time, with an average temperature difference of 25 degrees (we take the average temperature of all five months as -4 ° C), the total heat loss will be approximately 2.3 kW. Those. per day for heating such a house you need to spend 55.2 kWh. For the season - ~ 8280 kWh.

Heating season costs for different types fuel for an insulated house 100 m 2

The most profitable types of fuel are coal and gas. The most expensive is electricity.

Now let's count payback periods of heating systems for different types of fuel. Let's assume that the house has water heating with an electric boiler with a power of 9 kW (15 thousand rubles). Let's take this as the base case. To switch to main gas, you need to replace the boiler (15 thousand rubles), install a chimney (30 thousand rubles) and connect to the main (from 50 to 400 thousand rubles, we used 200 thousand for calculations). To switch to coal, firewood or pellets, you also need to install a chimney and replace the boiler with an appropriate one (40 thousand rubles for a regular one and ~ 80 thousand for a boiler with automatic feed), plus prepare a storage room. For liquefied gas, in addition, you will need a gas tank with an installation (190 thousand rubles). And for heat pump- the system itself with the installation (~ 350 thousand rubles). At the same time, we will assume that the owner carries out further ash removal and maintenance of the systems independently.

Payback period of different heating systems in comparison with an electric boiler

Everyone should draw the conclusions from this table in accordance with their needs and capabilities. We will only make a reservation that for houses with a larger area than we took into account, heating with electricity is not applicable, since electric boilers with a power of 10 kW or more already require connection to a three-phase 380 V network. Also, payback calculations will be slightly different for houses with an area of ​​​​more than 200 m 2.

Important note! All calculations in the article are given without taking into account ventilation losses, which, for one reason or another, are usually absent in small country houses. If we follow SNiP in this matter, when the air in the room of the configuration under consideration should be updated about once an hour, then heating costs should be approximately tripled! But in practice, ventilation, if you do not forget about it, is provided by supply valves and vents, which in the end can increase the costs shown in the diagram by 1.5 times. Accordingly, this will lead to a decrease in the payback period in the table.