The most economical home heating. How to organize cheap heating of a private house? Which heaters are not suitable for the heating system

If you live in an apartment in a multi-storey building, then you probably use a centralized heating system, which cannot be replaced by anything else. But the owners of cottages can choose for their home. However, before that, it is important to decide which one will be beneficial.

What types of fuels are best to avoid

Owners of suburban buildings and private houses within the city use heating systems, which can be powered by hot water, electricity, wood or gas. The most expensive form of heating today is electricity. You can verify this if you connect a simple heater. At the end of the month, the electricity bill will be quite impressive. If it is only necessary to maintain room temperature, then you can use electric boilers.

When deciding what kind of heating in a private house is the most economical, consumers quite often pay attention to the wood used to heat stoves, which have proven themselves to be a proven and reliable method of heating. You can equip your home with a fireplace, enjoying the crackling of logs on long winter evenings. However, this type of fuel has some disadvantages, expressed in increased fire hazard, as well as the high cost of firewood. But the price of such fuel is somewhat lower compared to electricity.

Gas use

When buying a home, people think about what kind of heating in a private house is the most economical. Among the first options, gas can be distinguished, which is in demand and popular. This fuel has a low cost in the domestic market, which is why it is economical. If the house is located near the gas main, then you should not waste time, it is enough to purchase a boiler and stretch the pipes.

Use of solid fuel

What kind of heating in a private house is the most economical - this question is asked by many consumers. Those of them who want to save money use solid fuel, which is represented not by firewood, as you might think, but by fuel briquettes. On sale you can find granular chips made of wood.

Liquid fuels

If you manage to decide which heating in a private house is the most economical, then you can reduce your costs. It is also recommended to do this with the help of liquid fuel, which is diesel fuel mixed with oil. This composition is used for gas boilers. It is this tandem that can be considered the most economical.

The use of bimetallic radiators

If you decide to use gas as an energy source, then you can purchase a double-circuit boiler, which will become part of the heating system. Among the elements of the latter will be radiators. In order to get higher efficiency, it is important to choose the right batteries. The most modern of them are bimetallic radiators, which are characterized by lower cost and high heat transfer. Aluminum fins are capable of excellent energy transfer, this indicator for bimetal is 3 times higher compared to steel batteries. while spending more rationally. You can save not only at the time of purchase, but also the operation of the equipment, because the high heat transfer of aluminum allows you to use a smaller amount of coolant. At the same time, the heat flow remains equal to the flow from cast-iron radiators. This indicates that bimetallic radiators may be smaller, but their shape will be more attractive compared to cast iron counterparts.

Use of electric convectors

If, despite the fact that electricity cannot be called the most economical of all types of heating, you still decide to use this option, then great solution there will be convectors that can be installed both on walls and on the floor. In the latter case, the device can be moved from room to room, making it mobile. Among the additional advantages, absolute safety can be distinguished, since the devices have protection against overheating, and their case does not heat up so much, the temperature does not exceed 80 degrees.

Considering that convectors cannot be called the most economical, it is best to purchase devices with built-in thermostats to reduce electricity bills, which make the system the most economical during operation. In terms of functionality, such units are the most innovative, which is associated with the use of an additional control unit. But as for the price, the convector will cost about 3000-7000 rubles. for the heater. If we expect that one device is required for one room, then the cost of such a heating system will cost about 20,000 rubles. Economical ones can live up to expectations if the house is small enough, and you will approach the choice of the device taking into account the presence of a thermostat in it.

Economical gas boilers

If you want to get the highest degree of savings, then it is important to understand the varieties of existing gas boilers. They can be floor, hinged and condensing. The first are installed on the floor, others are mounted on the wall. While others can be wall or floor, and as distinguishing feature such equipment has a high efficiency, which can reach 100% or more. Most heatings belong to this species.

Such a high efficiency is due to the fact that such units use two sources of energy, the first is gas combustion, but the second is the energy that is released during the condensation of steam. If you choose a mounted boiler, you will be able to save even when purchasing, since such equipment is cheaper compared to other gas boilers.

Tariffs for Russians for gas and electricity

Economical home heating systems were presented above, if you decide to choose, for example, gas, then it is important to know the tariffs. One cubic meter fuel costs Russians 5.6 rubles. This includes heating water and cooking using gas stove, the fuel must not be used in other directions. If we are talking about electricity, then it is important to know the tariffs for it. For 1 kWh, residents must pay 5.03 rubles. At night, the fare is much lower, it is 1.43 rubles.

Gas consumption

When choosing economical heating for summer cottages, consumers most often pay attention to gas. If you also decide to follow the experience of the majority, then you should know what is the fuel consumption for a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe house. As practice shows, for a dwelling with an area of approximately 140 square meters, will need about 13 kilograms of gas per day. This statement is true if the windows in the house are well insulated, there are no cracks and crevices, and the temperature outside the window varies from -18 to -23 degrees. Indoor temperatures will vary from 21 to 23 degrees. Mentioned for heating is about half the cylinder.

Affordable electric heating

Economical electric heating can be installed in the house independently. On sale today you can find EOU, which are energy-saving heating installations that convert electricity into heat. Some buyers believe that such units consume an excessive amount of electricity, but this is not the case. In one hour, the equipment will “wind up” several times less compared to all known analog electric heaters. Another development of Western manufacturers is an infrared film, which will not require serious costs when arranging the system. But if you use an infrared floor covering, then install furniture, as well as household appliances will not be possible, which is not always acceptable.

Use of solar energy

If you live in a sunny region of Russia, then solar panels will be an excellent solution for you, which will generate heat and heat water for most of the year. You will not have to pay monthly utility bills, and the heat will be taken “out of thin air”. This is suitable for owners of summer cottages that are used only periodically, for example, for planting crops in the backyard and for summer holidays in a cozy country house. Consumers who install such systems are not afraid. You can also use photovoltaic panels, which are used as additional source power supply. If there are power outages, the energy of such devices will be enough to keep boilers and heaters running for several hours, as well as watch TV and charge the phone.

Heating a house in the winter cold results in serious expenses. Do you want to learn how to save? I propose to compare several popular types of heating equipment, evaluate their efficiency and figure out how you can reduce heating overheads.

Direct comparison by cost per kilowatt-hour

Let's find out what the price of a kilowatt-hour of heat will be when using different sources of thermal energy.

Here are the approximate prices at the time of writing (January 2017):

main gas- 0.7 rubles;
Dry firewood- 0.9-1.2 p.;
Pellets- 1.4-1.5 rubles;
Coal- 1.5-1.6 rubles;
Propane from a gas tank- 2.3-2.5 rubles;
Propane from cylinders- 2.8-3.0 rubles;
Diesel fuel- 3.2-3.6 rubles;
Electricity- 4.0-5.0 r.

The cost of a kilowatt-hour of heat in each region will be different, as it depends on local prices and utility tariffs. For example, in Sevastopol, where I live, electricity is 40% cheaper than in Moscow (up to 600 kWh per month - 2.96 rubles / kWh versus 5.38), and pellets are twice as expensive (15,000 rubles per ton against 7000).

The conclusions are absolutely clear. The undisputed leader in terms of cheapness is main gas.

How to economically heat the house in his absence?

At a distance from the gas mains, it is most profitable to heat with firewood. They are closely followed by pellets and coal.

Cheaper, even cheaper

Comrades, choosing a heat source is not our whole task. The same source can be used different ways, and some of them will be noticeably more economical than others. I will talk about several solutions that will allow you to significantly reduce your heating costs.

Facade insulation

Any heating systems only compensate for heat leakage through the building envelope, windows and ventilation. Losses through walls account for up to 35% of their total amount, through the roof and windows - 25% each, through the floor - up to 15%.

There are many ways to insulate country house; I will describe only a few of the most popular.

	Styrofoam coat(mounting on cement glue and dowels - "fungi" of foam sheets with their subsequent puttying on a reinforcing mesh).
	Mineral wool fur coat(the scheme of insulation is the same, but with a different heat-insulating material - mats of glued mineral wool). It compares favorably with the foam plastic minimum fire hazard.
	Insulated ventilation facade. Mineral wool is attached to the walls and covered with a windproof membrane, and on top of it - a metal or plastic lining, fixed on a frame made of galvanized profile or bar.
	Insulated screed. It is laid on a concrete floor slab or boardwalk over a layer of dense foam or expanded polystyrene.
	The insulated cover wooden beams . The insulation is placed in the gap between the beams, on top of the flooring hemmed from below or laid on the cranial bars. From above, it can only be covered with waterproofing (in a cold attic) or flooring along the logs (in a residential floor or an exploited attic).
	Bulk insulation. The gaps between the beams or the slab floor are covered with 20 - 30 centimeters of expanded clay or metallurgical slag.
	Energy saving windows. Glass with the thinnest metal coating is opaque in the infrared spectrum and reflects thermal radiation towards the heated room.
	Roof insulation. Mineral wool or polystyrene is placed in the gaps between the rafters and covered with a vapor barrier.

The roof of my attic is insulated with two materials - a 50-mm layer of mineral wool and foam plastic of the same thickness. An attic with an area of 60 m2 with panoramic energy-saving windows of 26 squares to maintain comfortable + 20C in -20 on the street has enough heat power of 4 kilowatts.

How we save: by reducing heat losses that the heating system must compensate.

Savings: insulation coefficients used in thermal engineering calculations vary from 0.6 to 4. The difference between the extreme scenarios (a house with an external foam plastic coat and energy-saving windows on the one hand and an uninsulated warehouse with profiled sheet walls on the other) is more than 6 times. This is how you can reduce heating costs due to insulation.

Condensing gas boiler

Condensing gas boilers are the most economical boilers for heating a private house.

How are: the boiler has two heat exchangers. One of them takes heat from the products of combustion of the main gas. The second is for them. The condensate is discharged into the sewer by a drain pipe.

Reference: the main combustion products of hydrocarbons are carbon dioxide and water.

How we save: by using the total heat of combustion, including the heat of condensation of water vapor. As you know, the evaporation of water requires energy. When steam condenses, this energy is released and, in our case, is utilized by a heat exchanger.

Savings: 11 - 13%. Taking into account the heat of combustion of gas, this allows marketers to declare an incredible efficiency of 107% for condensing boilers. Of course, the calorific value of the gas is taken as 100%, without taking into account the condensation of water vapor.

pyrolysis boiler

The already economical heating with wood can be made even more economical when using a pyrolysis boiler. As a bonus, the owner receives an increase in the interval between kindling from 2-4 to 10-12 hours.

How it works: in a pyrolysis boiler (gas generator), the combustion of fuel is divided into two stages. At first, firewood smolders with limited air access and high temperature. In the process of pyrolysis, only a small amount of ash remains from them, and the bulk of the fuel is converted into CO ( carbon monoxide) and volatile hydrocarbons.

Once in the afterburner, superheated combustible gases are mixed with fresh air supplied through the injectors. At the same time, they ignite and completely burn out. At the outlet of the boiler - the notorious CO2 and H2O.

How we save: due to complete combustion of the fuel (and, accordingly, maximum efficiency) while limiting the thermal power. In a classic solid fuel boiler, a blower damper (often equipped with a thermostat) is used to adjust the power. With a limited air flow, part of the fuel literally flies into the pipe - gaseous hydrocarbons do not have time to burn out in the furnace.

Savings: up to 30%. This is how the efficiency of a classic boiler drops with incomplete combustion of fuel.

Solid fuel boiler and heat accumulator

How to save on heating using solid fuel and a classic boiler?

Install a heat accumulator in the gap of the heating circuit.

How it works: a heat accumulator is a large insulated container with branch pipes for connecting to several heating circuits. It is used, as the name suggests, to store heat.

A tank with a volume of 3000 liters, when water is heated from 40 to 80 degrees, will accumulate 175 kWh of thermal energy, which is enough to heat a house of 90 square meters during the day.

The heat accumulator closes two heating circuits with forced circulation:

The first one connects it to the heating boiler;
The second unites the tank with heating devices.

How we save: due to the operation of the boiler at rated power and with maximum efficiency. The resulting heat is stored in a heat accumulator and used to heat the house for the next few hours.

As a bonus, the owner will receive more rare kindling of the boiler - depending on the volume of the tank and the area of \u200b\u200bthe house, from once every 12 hours to once a day.

Savings: the same 10 - 30% that are lost during the operation of a classic solid fuel boiler with a forcibly limited power.

Electric boiler and heat accumulator

How to make electric heating cheaper?

A combination of an electric boiler, a two-tariff meter and a heat accumulator already familiar to us will allow us to heat a house relatively cheaply.

How it works:

The buffer tank in this case also closes two circuits that combine it with the boiler and heating appliances;
At night, the boiler turns on by a timer and heats the water in the tank;
During the day, the accumulated heat maintains a comfortable temperature in the house.

How we save: due to the consumption of electricity during the operation of a cheaper nightly tariff.

Savings: I will give Moscow prices. If at a one-rate tariff for a kilowatt-hour of electricity you have to pay 5.38 rubles, then at a two-rate tariff at night the same kilowatt-hour will cost 1.64 rubles. Savings - 70%.

Warm floor

Underfloor heating can be implemented in several ways:

pipe laying with a coolant in an insulated screed;

Laying the heating cable in a layer of tile adhesive under the tile;
Film heaters under parquet, laminate or linoleum.

Regardless of what types of fuel are used for heating, underfloor heating is positioned as economical heating.

How we save: by lowering the average temperature inside the house. With convection heating with radiators or wall convectors, +22°C at floor level will be at +27 - +30 under the ceiling. The average temperature is 25-26°C.

Do you often walk on the ceiling or rest on it? Me too no. Gravity, you know.

The obvious conclusion is that heating the air under the ceiling is absolutely useless. It only leads to an increase in the leakage of thermal energy through the roof or ceiling: the heat flux is directly proportional to the temperature difference on both sides of the building envelope.

In the case of a warm floor, when it is heated to +22, it will be +16 under the ceiling. The average temperature is +19. By lowering the average temperature, we reduce heat loss.

Savings: Depends on the weather outside. Jokes aside. At 0C outside, a decrease in the air temperature in the house from 25 to 19 will save 24%, and at -10 - only 15%.

infrared heating

Heating your home with electricity can be made cheaper by using infrared heaters. They may be:

Devices with a high-temperature heating coil in a quartz tube;
Film heaters installed for finishing walls or imitating paintings, photographs, wall panels etc.;

Glass, ceramic or metal panels.

The key difference between IR heaters and convection ones follows directly from their name: most of the heat is transferred to the environment not through direct contact with air, but due to thermal radiation.

How we save: by placing such a device under the ceiling, we will make it heat the floor and the furniture standing on it. They, in turn, will begin to give off heat to the air in the lower part of the heated volume. As a result, we get an analogue of a warm floor, but at a much lower cost.

The temperature distribution is the same as in the case of a warm floor.

Not only that, the appliances can be easily installed by DIY after finishing fine finish. When installing a warm floor, you will have to at least remove the finish coating.

Since infrared radiation will heat not only the floor, but also all the people in the room, the comfortable temperature will drop even more than when using a warm floor - up to 14-15 degrees.

Savings: at 0C outside, a decrease in the average temperature in the room from 25 to 15 degrees will save 40%.

Solar collectors

If solar panels are designed to generate electricity, then solar collectors are used to heat water. The collector can be flat or tubular; the best models of these devices utilize up to 85% of solar heat.

The main problem with these devices is that they only work during daylight hours. Not only that: the amount of heat that the collector produces varies depending on weather conditions. That is why solar heat is used only as an additional source of energy for heating.

To accumulate thermal energy in heating systems with solar collectors, our old friend, a heat accumulator, is used.

How we save: due to the utilization of absolutely free thermal radiation of the Sun.

Operating expenses - 0 rubles, 0 kopecks.

Savings: V middle lane On a clear day in Russia, a kilowatt of heat can be removed from a square meter of collector surface. With a day length of 8 hours, the theoretical maximum amount of thermal energy received from an area of 1 m2 is 8 kWh. A collector battery with an area of 60 m2 is capable of generating 8*60=240 kWh per day.

Even one collector with an area of 2 m 2, which produces 8 kilowatt-hours of heat per day, will reduce the cost of electric heating with a heating element boiler by 800-1000 rubles per month.

All this is in theory.

In practice, the picture is not so rosy:

On a cloudy winter day, the collector power drops to 100 watts per square;

Devices with a total area of 60 m2 will cost 600-700 thousand rubles at current prices. Solar heat is cheap at the stage of operation, but not at all when buying equipment.

An interesting fact: a few years ago, the energy sector in Europe headed for solar collectors and other alternative heat sources. In particular, in Cyprus the total collector area is 800 m2 per 1000 population. In Russia - 0.2 m 2 per 1000 people.

Heating with heat pumps

Heat pumps run on electricity and, despite this, are a source of very cheap heat.

How is this possible?

Let's study the work cycle.

The compressor compresses the freon gas. With excess pressure, it turns into a liquid and heats up;
The heat exchanger removes excess heat from our hot guy. It is utilized to heat the air in the house (directly or through a coolant);
At the expansion valve, the pressure of the refrigerant drops sharply and it evaporates. At the same time, the freon temperature instantly drops by several tens of degrees;
In an external heat exchanger, the gaseous refrigerant is heated by the external environment;
The heated gas is compressed by the compressor - and the cycle repeats.

The outside environment can be much colder than the air inside the house. The main thing is that freon should be even colder when passing through the heat exchanger.

What media can serve as a source of heat?

street air. Top Models air heat pumps are able to heat the house at -25 on the street;

Priming. Deeper than the level of freezing its temperature all year round above zero. Heat exchangers can be immersed in wells or laid in trenches;

When laying horizontally, the area allotted for the collector should be three times the heated area.

Water. The heat exchanger is placed in a non-freezing reservoir (preferably a flowing one). Groundwater can also serve as a source of heat: it is taken from the well and, after cooling, is discharged into the second, drainage well.

How we save: due to the fact that for every kilowatt consumed by the compressor, the pump pumps 3-6 kilowatts of heat into the house. This feature reduces the cost of a kilowatt-hour of energy to the level of a wood-burning boiler - with incomparable ease of use. The heat pump can operate offline, without any maintenance, indefinitely.

Savings: compared with a direct heating device - the same 3-6 times. The exact value depends on:

Outdoor heat exchanger temperatures. The colder the environment, the less heat can be taken away from it;
Internal heat exchanger temperatures. With its growth, the heat transfer of the pump per kilowatt of power decreases.

That is why heat pumps usually use underfloor heating or low-temperature radiator heating.

The main source of heat in my house is inverter air conditioners, a type of air source heat pump. A usable area of 154 square meters is heated by 4 devices with a total peak thermal power of 14 kW, consuming from 1.2 to 4 kW, depending on the street temperature. About 1500 kWh of electricity per month is consumed for heating needs.

Conclusion

I sincerely hope that my recommendations and experience will help the reader to choose an economical and affordable heating scheme. As always, the video in this article will give you the opportunity to get acquainted with additional information. I look forward to your comments. Good luck, comrades!

Energy prices are steadily rising, so an increasing number of suburban residents are thinking about how to heat their homes inexpensively and efficiently. Most often, homeowners are concerned about what options are available for heating a private house and country house, which boiler has the highest efficiency, which boiler to choose for the heating system, how to install the heating system correctly, what types of heating exist without gas and which of them are the most economical.

FORUMHOUSE advises a different approach. First, we determine the type of fuel, and already “under it” we select a heating system.

From our material you will learn:

What are the costs of a heating system?
What type of fuel can be called the most affordable;
What means convenient system heating;
Can heating with electricity be cheap;
What can become the basis of an economical heating system.

What are the costs of a heating system?

How much a particular heating method will cost depends on many factors. Only by calculating all the costs (it is also necessary to take into account the increase in fuel prices in the long term), you can decide on the most cost-effective heating method. For this it is necessary to take into account:

fuel cost;
the cost of its delivery;
The cost of heating equipment;
The cost of its installation;
The cost of its operation;

The average monthly air temperature in winter period time;
Way of living in the house: mode "cottage" or permanent residence;
Availability of communications connected to the site (gas, required electrical power);
The degree of insulation and energy efficiency of the home.

Thinking about choosing a heating system and considering different variants heating in the house, first of all, you need to answer yourself the question: not “how”, but “what” will you heat your home. Expenses for the heating season depend on the type of fuel, its cost and availability.

Consider the following situation: at the moment there is no main gas, as a more economically profitable type of fuel, or its connection will be too expensive. What to do in this situation, what type of fuel to choose: firewood, liquefied gas, coal, pellets, fuel briquettes, electricity, even - there are a lot of options. Let's see which type of energy carrier will be the most preferable.

Conclusions:

It will be correct to choose a heating system after a competent calculation. This is the only way to achieve a balance between efficiency, economy and convenience;
A country house must be well insulated, all heat losses must be minimized, otherwise the lion's share of energy will go to heat the "street";
Approximately, the required power of heating equipment is calculated by the formula: 1 kW of energy is required to heat 10 sq.m of the house area;
The efficiency of the heating system largely depends on the availability of a particular type of fuel;
To get the maximum effect, you need to combine different types heating systems and energy carriers. It cannot be said that if these conditions are met, we will get heating cheaper than gas, but we will be able to save significantly.

Gone are the days when economics was ignored. Today everything is different. Energy carriers are getting more expensive every year and now it's time to look for the most profitable and economical home heating. We will talk about this in our material.

Every developer dreams that the heating system of a private house is economical. You can save on 3 key things:

Financial. Do inexpensive option heating
Savings in terms of heating system
Savings in terms modern technologies

Before installing heating, you need to decide:

What will the house be used for? Will you live in it permanently or come periodically. The payback period of the heating system depends on this. It may be useful to mount an economical heating option.
What is the key for you: to save on heating now or lay the heating of a private house in the future.
Decide which fuel will perform a key function

Savings on finances

Let's just remember: saving money, you will never get the most economical and profitable heating of a private house. This is the main mistake of all developers. You invest in the construction of a large house, in finishing the outside and inside, but most often you forget about such fundamental things as heating.

Heating costs money, but reasonable savings can still be made. You can mount the good old and proven . It will be affordable and you will provide your home with warmth in the cold season. But it will not be the most economical heating system.

About the most profitable home heating system

Now it remains to find out which heating system of a private house is the most economical. In this nomination, water heated floors win with a decent margin. And that's why:

Underfloor heating is at least 30% more economical than radiators (subject to special conditions for temperature control and boiler installation for low-temperature systems);
Warm floors heat from the bottom up, while radiators heat the ceiling first;
Underfloor heating works at a low temperature. The high limit is 45 degrees.
Warm floors can be heated by anything.

That's what they say all over the internet. Actually everything modern systems about the same in terms of economy. It does not matter what you mount, it is important how exactly you will regulate it all. The more precisely the heating system is adjusted, the more economically it functions.

The most important point, due to which savings are achieved on warm floors is thermal insulation. Manufacturers recommend using a density of 35, a thickness of 10 cm on the first floor and 5 cm on the next.

In practice, 5 cm on the ground floor is quite enough. Unless of course you live in a region with a lot of cold.

What a warm floor looks like, you can see in our video:

The second point due to which you can get the most economical heating at home is temperature control. By installing room thermostats with a manifold, mixing module, you can save up to 50% compared to radiator heating.

You can make the adjustment and simpler, and the underfloor heating system as a whole.

What fuel is more profitable?

Gas is the most economical energy source for heating a private house. Gas heating does not require constant human intervention. What can you say about coal heating.

Gas is not available everywhere. Therefore, one often has to choose either coal or electricity. Plus electric heating– turned on once and forgot. Coal must be constantly thrown into the boiler.

Modern economical technologies

With the help of modern technologies, we can achieve the most economical home heating. But we still classify these technologies as unreasonable, because their payback is quite long. From 10 years and above.

One such technology is a heat pump. With the help of earthly resources, it is able to produce at least 4 times more energy than it consumes itself. If you need a 20 kW boiler for your home, then a heat pump with a power of only 5 kW is suitable for heating. The heat pump is powered by electricity. The pump also costs 3-4 times more than a first-class gas boiler with high efficiency.

Solar collectors can be used as heating. It does not require any energy consumption at all. When properly installed, solar collectors can heat underfloor heating and provide you necessary quantity hot water. But then again, it all comes down to finances.

These technologies are our future. There will come a time when both the heat pump and the solar collector will be available to everyone.

As a result, we get that using underfloor heating + temperature control + heat pump (or collector) we can get the most economical home heating.

If you are looking far ahead and confident that you can afford such expenses, then you definitely will not regret installing all this at home.

More ways to save

Additional savings from heating can be obtained by installing control equipment:

If you have radiators, thermostatic heads will not be superfluous. They are installed on the radiator supply instead of conventional valves. They perform a simple function - at the desired room temperature, they shut off the flow, when the room cools down, they open it back. The adjustment is relevant only for heating systems with forced circulation
If you have underfloor heating, then it will not be superfluous to install a collector with servo drives and put a thermostat in each room. The servo drive is interfaced with the thermostat and when the required temperature in the room is reached, it shuts off the supply of coolant to the underfloor heating circuit

These two life hacks allow you to achieve additional savings on heating.

Along with the classic central heating, people are increasingly using alternative methods of heating their homes. This is especially true for private households. The owners of such houses can choose the cheapest heating available in their region of residence. But in order to understand which type to give preference to, you need to conduct a simple analysis.

Show all

Types of heating

Heating is the process of heating the surrounding air or surfaces, which raises the temperature in the room. To obtain heat, various kinds of energy are used, which are further converted into heat. There are three ways to organize home heating:

centralized;
autonomous;
individual.

In the first case, the classical method is used, when heating radiators (batteries) are installed in the rooms. Hot water circulates through them, supplied through branched pipelines. This coolant is produced outside the home, and the price for its use is calculated not in the cost of energy conversion, but in the actual heat sent to the consumer.

Since the heating companies involved in the supply of coolant are trying to save money, almost all heating networks are in a deplorable state. Because of this, the losses only during the passage of heated water through the pipes are about thirty percent. For example, in Europe this figure does not exceed two percent. Therefore, often the battery heating temperature is insufficient to achieve comfortable conditions. In addition, the consumer cannot influence the switching on and off of heating in any way, not to mention self-regulation of the temperature. At the same time, due to wear and tear of the equipment, frequent interruptions are also possible.

Autonomous heating involves finding a source of thermal energy in a special building made on the territory of the house management. This place is called the boiler room. The advantage of this approach is the absence of operating costs, stable and regulated heat supply. But the initial start-up of this system is associated with high costs, therefore, a complete shutdown of the boiler house is not done, even at the end of the heating season. In this case, the cost of heating depends on the type of fuel used and the required power of the entire system. Therefore, it is important to choose the cheapest fuel for heating correctly.

The source of individual heating is located directly in the room that needs to be heated. This type is characterized by simplicity and precise temperature control. But its disadvantages include self-repair of the system in case of its failure. The emergence of dependence on suppliers of transformable energy into heat, for example, gas, electricity.

How to make heating in a country house? Full review in 5 minutes!

Used energy resources

To obtain heat, in addition to equipment that will accumulate and give it away, energy is needed. Its source can be substances that have a high energy potential, that is, a parameter characterizing their expediency of use. Its unit of measurement is usually expressed in joules (J) or kilowatt-hours (kW / h).

All existing resources are divided into two classes: primary and secondary. Natural processes are involved in the origin of the former: thermal waters, minerals, sunlight, wind. The latter are by-products of human activities: waste, emissions of combustible gases.

Primary resources are conditionally divided into renewable, inexhaustible and limited. Renewable energy includes energy derived from sunlight, plant products (wood), the movement of water and air. Thermal waters and substances releasing thermonuclear energy are considered inexhaustible. But the most widespread is the use of natural resources, the supply of which is limited. These are substances such as coal, oil, gas, peat, shale, as well as uranium and thorium.

Since these resources will ever run out, their use becomes more expensive every year. Therefore, technologies are developing aimed at the use of practically unlimited energy, and more and more new devices are being invented to use it.

Solving the problem of choosing the cheapest type of heating for a private house, people, although rarely, prefer alternative energy sources. In particular, the use solar panels and collectors, wind turbines, biogas devices, heat pumps. Building a heating system using alternative energy sources is a rather expensive process, but over time, due to the almost free energy, the installation costs pay off. The average period is about ten years.

Previously, it was impossible for residents of multi-storey buildings to refuse centralized heating, but now such an opportunity has appeared, so the choice of a profitable heating method has become relevant for them. Although for residents of high-rise buildings, in comparison with people living in the private sector, not all options are available.

The cheaper it is to heat Vacation home?

Heat producing devices

Modern manufacturers in the field of heat engineering can offer the consumer a wide selection of heating devices. The proposed equipment differs both in the type of energy source used and in power. For private use, this can be a budget device that allows you to heat a small room or an expensive one, but designed for autonomous heating of a large house. But despite this, There are three classic types of equipment that use as a source of energy:

Each type of equipment has its own advantages and disadvantages. For one type, the cost of consumed resources will be low, but the purchase and installation of equipment will be very expensive, and for the other, the opposite is true. Therefore, in order to find out what will be the most economical heating for a country house or apartment, you will need to take into account not only the cost of resources, but also the costs of installing, adjusting and maintaining heaters.

When choosing the cheapest heating for a summer residence, a private house or an apartment, it is necessary to be tied to a single average indicator, since buildings can be made from different materials. building material and located in different climatic zones. Therefore, it makes sense to consider financial costs as the cost of one kilowatt per square meter of surface.

The best heating system for a private house!

gas boilers

For gas heating devices are used to burn gas. As a result of this process, thermal energy is generated, which is transferred to the coolant (water). This water circulates through a closed pipeline system, giving off its heat to the radiator structures, and they already heat the air in the room.

Gas boilers differ in their principle of operation, which affects the coefficient of performance (COP). So, in mid-2018, the average cost of gas in the country amounted to 6.63 rubles per cubic meter. Respectively, the cost of heating using gas per 1 kW will be:

The most interesting is the condensing type. Such boilers are more economical than classical designs due to the use of the heat of condensation of water vapor and the shape of the burner. The cheapest such boiler will cost about 60 thousand rubles. About 4 thousand rubles will cost its installation and the same amount of work on setting up the system. In addition to the boiler, you will need to purchase pipes, radiators, all kinds of fittings, as well as draft a heating system installation and obtain permits.

Heating a country house with wood

Electric tanks

The principle of operation of such a boiler is based on the use of tubular electric heating elements (TEH) or transmission electric current through the water between the two electrodes. Heating electric boilers are mini-boiler rooms. Their design includes a circulation pump, an expansion barrel, an automation system. The cost of electricity on average is 3.1 rubles per kilowatt. At the same time, the tariff can be cheaper if you use the boiler only during grace hours (from 23-00 to 7-00), but this will require a two-tariff day-night electricity meter.

The efficiency of electric boilers is quite high and averages 98-99 percent. Thus, costs will be approximately:

It is believed that for every ten square meters the boiler needs to spend one kilowatt of its power.

That is, if it is necessary to warm up a dwelling with an area of one hundred square meters, while the boiler will work for about six hours a day, 60 kW / h will be needed, and 1860 kW per month. But, as practice shows, on average for the heating season in cold winter expenses amount to about 10 thousand rubles.

Electric boilers are divided into wall and floor. For the former, the power ranges from 5 to 60 kW, and for the latter, it is more than 60 kW. In addition, electric boilers differ in the type of coolant circulation. It can be natural or forced. The purchase of a boiler will cost about 7 thousand rubles, another 4 thousand will cost its installation and connection. In some cases, you will have to change the wiring to provide the boiler with the necessary power.

Water and heating of a country house // FORUMHOUSE

solid fuel

Solid fuel devices, although they have made a technological breakthrough recently, their efficiency still does not exceed seventy percent on average. Wood, coal, pellets are used as fuel. Loading of a fire chamber can occur in the automatic mode or manual. In the case of using automation, electricity costs can be ignored.

The cost of heating will look like this:

The principle of operation of the boiler is based on the transfer of heat generated during the combustion of fuel in the furnace of the device, a water jacket that communicates with the heating system circuit. The price of the cheapest modern solid fuel boiler is 40 rubles, its adjustment costs about 3 thousand. To equip the heating system, you will also need batteries, pipes, a chimney, a place for storing fuel.

Alternative sources

Building systems on alternative sources allows you to really get cheap heat with your own hands. Such systems are built on solar panels or collectors. The use of photocells makes it possible to achieve an efficiency of about fifteen percent. The resulting energy is converted into electricity, which can be used to heat water or connect thermal appliances.

Solar collectors consist of a black metal plate placed under a layer of water. The plate transfers heat to the water. If the circuit is placed in a tank and connected cold water, then the liquid with the help of a pump will begin to circulate around the circuit.

Wind generators also allow you to get inexpensive heating due to the rotation of the propeller. When it rotates from the wind, an EMF is induced on the generator. After the generator, the voltage is supplied to the transformer, where it rises to the desired value and is given to the power grid.

The heat pump works on the Carnot principle. This is a complex high-tech device. It collects external heat and transforms it into internal. The value of its efficiency is much greater than unity. For example, if the device consumes 1 kW, then at the output it will be able to produce about 4.5 kW of thermal power.

Alternative sources look attractive, but in order for their power to be enough for heating, you will need to make a rather impressive initial cash investment. For example, a system of solar panels will cost about half a million rubles.

How to make cheap heating of a private house?

System selection

Thus, it is possible to heat a house cheaply in several ways. The most economical ways are to use inexhaustible energy. But due to the cost of devices, their use has not yet received sufficient popularity. That's why according to the type of resources used, the heating systems are arranged in the following order:

Using solid fuel boilers, it will be possible to heat with coal, wood or other solid fuels. Pellets are used to automate the process. But a rather significant drawback of this heating method is the need to find a place to store fuel.

If gas is supplied to a private household, then heating with it will also be a good option. But the inconvenience will cause obtaining permits for the establishment of such a system. Electric heating of large areas will not bring significant savings. due to high energy consumption. Its only advantage will be the ease of installation, which does not even require a connection to the chimney.