Explanatory dictionary of borrowed words online. Borrowed words in Russian - signs and examples. Examples of English words

Dictionary of foreign words

Dictionary-reference book of linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what the "dictionary of foreign words" is in other dictionaries:

dictionary of foreign words- 1. Dictionary containing words of foreign origin, more or less special, and their explanation. 2. Dictionary, which provides a list of words of foreign origin, their interpretation and sometimes etymology ... Explanatory Translation Dictionary

dictionary of foreign words Terms and concepts of linguistics: Vocabulary. Lexicology. Phraseology. Lexicography

dictionary of foreign words- A lexicographic edition explaining the meaning of foreign words used in different functional styles... Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

- “A POCKET DICTIONARY OF FOREIGN WORDS, included in the Russian language” (v. 1 2, 1845 46), published under the editorship of V. N. Maikov and M. V. Petrashevsky with the aim of promoting materialistic and democratic ideas, utopian socialism. Destroyed... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Included in the Russian language (v. 1 2, 1845 46), published under the editorship of V. N. Maikov and M. V. Petrashevsky with the aim of promoting materialistic and democratic ideas, utopian socialism. Destroyed by censorship... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Included in the Russian language, a valuable source for the study of the ideology of the Russian socialist utopian Petrashevites (See Petrashevtsy). The Petrashevists used the edition of the dictionary undertaken by officer N. S. Kirillov for propaganda ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Included in the Russian language ”(v. 1 2, 1845 1846). Published under the editorship of V. N. Maikov and M. V. Petrashevsky with the aim of promoting socialist ideas. Destroyed by censorship... encyclopedic Dictionary

Included in the Russian lang., a valuable source for studying the ideology of the Petrashevists. Undertaken by officer N. S. Kirilov, the publication of a reference book explaining the terms of journalism was used by the Petrashevists to promote democratic. and materialistic. ideas... Soviet historical encyclopedia

DICTIONARIES OF FOREIGN WORDS- DICTIONARIES OF FOREIGN WORDS. Dictionaries that give a brief explanation of the meanings and origin of foreign words, indicating the language of the source, which brings such dictionaries closer to etymological ones. In addition to large S. and. With. there are short dictionaries. For example,… … New dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)

A dictionary that provides an explanation of the meaning and use of words (as opposed to an encyclopedic dictionary that provides information about the relevant realities of objects, phenomena, events). Dialect (regional) dictionary. Dictionary containing ... ... Dictionary of linguistic terms

Books

• Dictionary of foreign words, M. V. Petrova. The dictionary of foreign words contains more than 5000 words and terms. The dictionary includes international terms formed from elements of ancient Greek, Latin and partly from Eastern and ...

Borrowings are the most dynamic part of the lexical system of the Russian language, therefore, dictionaries of foreign words, giving an interpretation of foreign vocabulary that entered the Russian language at various periods of its history, have always been one of the most common types of lexicographic publications. Due to the significant expansion of the place of borrowings in the Russian language in recent decades, the need for this type of reference publications has increased dramatically, which, in turn, has led to the emergence of a large number of new dictionaries of various sizes.

Modern dictionaries of foreign words, being by aspect type, describing certain fragments of the lexical system, are closest to explanatory dictionaries, while the etymological reference is an obligatory component of the dictionary entry. A feature of the dictionaries of foreign words is also their encyclopedic nature. Often the interpretations in the dictionaries of foreign words come close to the dictionary entries of the encyclopedic dictionary. For example:

MASONS[francs-magons letters, freemasons] - otherwise freemasons - members of a religious and ethical society that arose in the 18th century. in England, and then spreading a network of its cells (lodges) in other European countries (including Russia); the preaching of moral self-improvement was accompanied by freemasons with special, ritual and mystery; Masonic organizations (lodges) still exist in France, the USA and other countries.

Many dictionaries of foreign words combine the features of explanatory and etymological dictionaries, encyclopedias, normative reference books and reflect a certain level of society culture. “The integration in the dictionary of interpretations and elements of the field structure, etymological and encyclopedic references of various sizes carries cognitive-semantic information about the modern linguistic picture of the world, in which borrowings occupy a very significant place” [Glinkina 2007: 99].

Due to the fact that the most active process of borrowing occurs in the field of science and technology, a large percentage of the lexical units described in the dictionaries of foreign words is terminological in nature. Dictionaries of foreign words respond faster than other lexicographic publications to changes in the vocabulary, significantly complement the materials of neological dictionaries, promptly presenting lexical innovations that reflect the development of science, technology, culture of their time, ties with other countries and peoples.

IN Soviet time Dictionaries of foreign words were a very ideologized type of lexicographical publications, they experienced the pressure of censorship, their content was strictly controlled by party organs. For a long time, the Dictionary of Foreign Words, edited by F.N. Petrov, created in 1939, regularly updated with relevant vocabulary and reprinted many times (later edited by I.V. Lyokhin and F.N. Petrov), remained the most common for a long time. It contains common vocabulary, common terms and terminological combinations in various fields of knowledge, borrowed by the Russian language at different times, as well as words formed from elements of ancient Greek and Latin. The appendix contains a list of foreign words and expressions found in the literature in Latin spelling.

Deep conversions to public life 80-90s 20th century demanded prompt "lexicographical reaction". In 1992, the “Modern Dictionary of Foreign Words” was prepared and published (compiled by N.M. Landa and others), based on the “Dictionary of Foreign Words” by I.V. LyokhinaiF.N. Petrov, but supplementing it with lexical innovations of recent decades and reflecting significant changes in the ideological orientations of society.

Comparison of dictionaries of foreign words different years publications allows you to clearly see the change in ideological attitudes, the changing climate of the era. Let us illustrate this by comparing the interpretation of the word cosmopolitanism in the 7th edition of the Dictionary of Foreign Words by I.V. Lyokhin and F.N. Petrov (1980) and in the Modern Dictionary of Foreign Words. In the first one, it is “a reactionary bourgeois ideology that preaches the rejection of national sovereignty, national traditions and culture in the name of the abstractly understood “unity of the human race”, “a single state 44 , which denies patriotism under the slogan “man is a citizen of the world 44 ; To. the opposite of the proletarian internationalism »; in the second - “the ideology of the so-called. world citizenship, acts in the form of various ideological and political orientations - from the interaction and rapprochement of peoples and states to a nihilistic attitude towards national cultures and traditions.

The end of the XX - the beginning of the XXI century. marked by the appearance of a large number of new dictionaries reflecting the results of an extremely intensified borrowing process.

« Dictionary foreign words” L.P. Krysina is the first proper philological dictionary of foreign words and is one of the most authoritative publications of this type. It reflected the author's many years of research in the field of borrowed vocabulary and the principles of its description [Krysin 1997; 2004]. The preface notes that the dictionary “describes the properties words, and not the thing it denotes: its origin, meaning in modern Russian, as well as pronunciation, stress, grammatical characteristics, semantic connections with other foreign words, stylistic features, typical examples of use. Much attention is paid to grammatical information about a foreign word, as well as to the representation of the semantic structure of a polysemantic word in its dynamics. The dictionary contains both common vocabulary and special terms and terminological phrases. Particular attention is paid to borrowings of the 80-90s. 20th century ( airbus, grant, zombie, yogurt, kickboxing, copyright, cursor, couturier, stapler, talk show and many others. etc.). In addition to common nouns, the dictionary includes a number of proper names that name persons and objects that have general cultural and historical significance. (Apollo, Hercules, Cupid, Buddha, Golgotha, Koran, Antarctica, Renaissance). The dictionary is normative, so the author of the dictionary carefully introduced insufficiently mastered lexical innovations into it. Let us give examples of dictionary entries demonstrating the specifics of L.P. Rat:

IMMIGRANT,-A, m., shower [immigrans (immigratis) moving in]. 1. A foreigner who arrived in some. country for permanent residence. Immigrant- pertaining to immigrants. || Wed migrant, emigrant. 2. zool. An animal is a representative of a species, genus or other groups that have settled in a given territory from another territory where these groups arose and developed.

CRACKER,-A, collected, m.[yayag/g. cracker - pertaining to crackers 1, 2. || See: chips.

L. P. Krysin’s dictionary “1000 new foreign words” contains the most common foreign words borrowed by the Russian language in the second half of the 20th - early 21st centuries. (brand, voucher, jacuzzi, driver, email, image maker, clone, mentality).

Taking into account the pragmatic interests of a potential reader, the names of many dictionaries of foreign words appear in the names big, new, newest, modern, up-to-date. So, the purpose of the Dictionary of New Foreign Words, as its author N.G. Komlev, - to fill the natural lexicographic gap that was characteristic of the fundamental dictionaries of foreign words due to their specificity. Due to the rare reprinting, they were not able to quickly respond to current lexical innovations and usually included such borrowed words that had already taken root in the Russian language and received a stable composition of meanings. The dictionary includes foreign borrowings that are either already quite widespread in Russian speech (such as collage), or used in professional language(For example, designat or operand), or generally met by the compiler of the dictionary in the Russian version 2-3 times (for example, brokerage). The later and more complete “Dictionary of Foreign Words” by the same author contains words and expressions of foreign origin that are often used in modern means mass media, in business documents (for example, scanner, squash, skateboard, skinhead, duct tape, slacks, slogan, spray, sponsor, stagnation, stapler). A special section of the book is the “Index of Russian-Foreign Correspondences”, which includes Russian words and descriptive phrases and their corresponding foreign borrowings (cf.: a large amount of winnings in the lottery - jackpot, inaccessible to knowledge transcendent, equally, in half fifty-fifty, insurance receipt - policy, enlargement of the national currency - denomination).

The interpretation of new borrowings that is relevant for a wide user is presented in a brief dictionary-reference book by G.N. Sklyarevskaya and E.Yu. Vaulina “Let's speak correctly! The latest and most common borrowings in modern Russian. It includes foreign words that are actively used in modern speech and reflect current concepts from the most significant areas (politics, economics, finance, commerce, journalism, computer science). An essential feature of the dictionary is the inclusion in it, along with borrowings rooted in Russian, of many words that have appeared in recent years and are often absent in other lexicographic publications. (blockbuster, bowling, badge, brand, guest worker, grant, euro, cloning, condominium, laptop, top manager, hacker, euthanasia and etc.). An important part of a number of dictionary entries are encyclopedic information and etymological references. Yes, the word spam, updated in modern speech recently, receives (with marks inform., disapproved.) interpretation (“Mass mailings (usually of an advertising nature) conducted without the consent of the user; network garbage, the issuance of unsolicited commercial advertising and other information on the Internet”), accompanied by illustrative material ( Advertising spam. Fight against spam. spam checker) and etymological reference: "From spannedham- canned ham (an intrusively advertised product)." Thus, the reader receives information about the semantics of the word (including the connotative components that are explicated not only in marks, but also in the elements of interpretation - network junk) about the typical contexts of its use, about the etymology, which, in combination with encyclopedic information, creates the “image of the word”, fixes it in the mind of the reader. The dictionary reflects the constant expansion of the sphere of functioning of lexical units observed in modern speech. indicative word best-seller, which is accompanied by the following interpretation: “Goods, services, etc., in high demand, which are especially popular in any period of time” ( Series "World Bestseller". The film became a bestseller. The record is a real bestseller. New scanner model - bestseller of September). At the end of the dictionary entry, the compilers note: “Initially: only about a book published in a huge circulation,” thereby transferring the usual usage from the category of erroneous or undesirable to normative or at least acceptable. The dictionary demonstrates the process of development of the semantic structure of a borrowed word. Yes, the word martyr[Arab., letters. martyr for the faith], which is absent in other dictionaries of foreign words, but actively used in modern speech, two meanings are presented: “1. A follower of Islam who fell in the war against the enemies of this religion. 2. Islamic suicide bomber, kamikaze.” An important stage in the development of many borrowed words is their variance (spelling, accentological, orthoepic). The dictionary expressively illustrates this phenomenon: high tech And hi-tech, kitsch And kitsch, mass media And mass media, marketing And marketing, fast food And fast food, town house And townhouse, sequester And sequester, realtor And realtor, public relations, public relations And public relations, laptop And laptop, remake And remake, player And player.

"Modern Dictionary of Foreign Words" M.N. Cherkasova and L.N. Cherkasova contains lexical units that are actively used in modern speech, in journalism, on television, among young people, in the socio-political sphere, in the field of computer and nanotechnologies. The dictionary corpus includes: the latest borrowings of the 1990-2008s. ( avatar, anime, bandana, boutique, jacuzzi, rave, website, tattoo, foie gras, chat and etc.); new borrowings of the 1960s-1990s ( camping, cybernetics, slide, hippie and etc.); units that became widespread in the 20th century. or changing their semantics: (address, album, archive, virus, directive, president, pilot, editor and etc.); actual frequency derivatives formed on the basis of foreign roots ( animeshnik, disk, disk drive", limitchik, limitchitsa", license, licensed, licensed); transliterated words and expressions ( public relations, ready-to-wear, icq, iq and etc.); tracing paper (microwave oven, brain drain, cover girl, computer or electronic virus and etc.).

In the "New Dictionary of Foreign Words" E.N. Zakharenko and others also reflected the latest foreign borrowings of the late XX - early XXI century. A significant proportion was the terminology: computer (applause, posting, emoticon etc.), technical (validator, concept car, crash test etc.), medical (generic, iridology, mammogram etc.), political and sociological (anti-globalism, monetization, exit poll etc.), sports (aquabike, veloball, railing and etc.). Widely represented foreign vocabulary related to the field of economics and business (account, keouch, retail etc.), to the service sector (barista, cleaning, hostel, etc.), to advertising activities (wobbler, sting, pillar etc.), to the religious sphere (bodhi, irmos, prokimen etc.), to the sphere of art and show business (brit-non, preview, trash etc.), to other spheres of life (bomber, vintage, spa and many others).

Orientation to the general reader determined the emergence of a number of popular illustrated dictionaries of foreign words. good example such publications is the dictionary of E.A. Grishina. A feature of the "New Illustrated Dictionary of Foreign Words", republished under the title "Dictionary of Foreign Words" (edited by

V. Butromeev), is its construction not only alphabetically, but also according to the thematic principle: words united by one or another topic are interpreted in one nest. With the help of references, the user gets the opportunity not only to find out the meaning of an unfamiliar word, but also to get Additional information about the relevant area. For example:

CERAMICSgr. Keramos clay] - pottery, baked clay products: dishes, small plastic, architectural details, facing tiles, plumbing, chemical equipment, etc. MAJOLICA it. Maiolica from the name of the island of Mallorca] - artistic K. Made of colored clay, covered with opaque glaze. TERRACOTTA [it. terra earth + cotta burnt] - fired colored clay without glaze and products from it. PORCELAIN [pers.] - 1) artificially made mineral mass with various impurities (quartz, feldspar) for the manufacture of various products in accordance with its physical and chemical properties; 2) porcelain items as a type of ceramics. FAIENCE fr. faience by name, etc. Faenza, where it was produced] - a white or colored mass of special varieties of clay with gypsum and other impurities.

A number of dictionaries purposefully describe borrowings from specific languages. Here, first of all, one should name dictionaries that introduce the ancient heritage in the Russian language. Yes, a dictionary

A.I. Voronkova, L.P. Ponyaeva, L.M. Popova "Latin heritage in the Russian language" characterizes Latin borrowings and their derivational potential. The first part of the work is a historical sketch of words with Latin roots in Russian from the 10th to the 20th centuries. The second part presents the Latin words that form the basis of Russian derivatives. The third part contains an alphabetical list of Russian derivatives, the time of the first fixation of these words is indicated. A similar goal of introducing users to ancient borrowings is pursued by the dictionaries of S.Yu. Afonkina, N.T. Babichev and Ya.M. Borovsky, L.S. Ilinskaya, V.P. Somov.

In the "Explanatory Dictionary of French Borrowings in Russian" T.I. Belitsa collected lexemes that came into the Russian language in the period from the end of the 17th century to the end of the 17th century. to the present and related to the thematic fields "Nominations of fashionable realities" (names of varieties of fabrics, clothes, accessories, jewelry, hairstyles, etc.) and "Culinary terms" (names of dishes and cooking methods, varieties of cheese, alcoholic beverages and other nominations related to the field of culinary arts: ambigu, bardyrovanie, Cahors, salers, pastillage and etc.). The actual linguistic characteristics of lexemes are combined in the dictionary with national and cultural information about the named realities.

Since the vocabulary of the Russian language is also enriched by the vocabulary of the languages ​​of the peoples of Russia and the former USSR, a number of dictionaries describe these layers of borrowings. However, it should be borne in mind that not all of the words given in them are fixed in the vocabulary of the Russian literary language. Many function only in the Russian speech of the inhabitants of the national republics and other states and are used in fiction as exoticisms. So, in the short thematic dictionary of G. G. Goletiani "Georgian vocabulary in Russian" contains Georgian words that cannot be translated into Russian ( chakhokhbili, chacha, suluguni, toastmaster etc.), presented in 40 thematic groups: names of grape varieties, wines, dishes, clothes, etc.

"Dictionary of Turkisms in the Russian language" E.N. Shipova is distinguished by a serious historical and etymological basis (borrowings from the Turkic languages ​​are widely represented in it, starting from ancient Russian written monuments, the etymology and history of the appearance of words in the Russian language is disclosed), which allows it to be used in the study of Russian vocabulary in a historical aspect.

Dictionary R.A. Yunaleeva "The Tree of Turkisms in the Russian Language", compiled on the basis of numerous and diverse sources, also contains Turkisms "in the genealogical tree of derivatives formed on Russian soil" ( quince: quince, quince, quince", buy: bay, baystvo; coarse calico: calico, calico; apricot: apricot, apricot, apricot", jackal: jackal-like, jackal, jackal and so on.).

A specific layer of foreign borrowings is presented in a special lexicographic publication - "Dictionary of Foreign Words and Expressions" by A.M. Babkin and V.V. Shendetsova. It contains lexical borrowings, which, despite their long functioning in the Russian language, do not break with their foreign appearance at all and are used in non-transliterated form. The dictionary contains expressions, word-terms and common quotations or their fragments, usually used (or used in the past) without reference to the source and replenishing the phraseological stock of the language (adhoc, censor morum comme si comme ga homo sapiens and etc.). The base of the dictionary was made up of selections from scientific, artistic, memoir and epistolary literature in chronological boundaries from Pushkin's time to our time.

Extraordinary intensification of the process of borrowing in the late XX - early XXI century. leads to the fact that existing authoritative dictionaries do not have time to reflect new language acquisitions. Reference dictionaries appear, giving the user a prompt answer to questions that arise. Such, for example, are a small reference dictionary by I.V. Gladkova, B.V. Emelyanov, A.E. Zimbuli “Nenashi words in our language”, containing borrowings that are quite actively used in the media and in many cases are not included in explanatory dictionaries and dictionaries of foreign words, “Dictionary-fellow traveler: a small explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words”, designed for a wide range of readers and includes foreign words commonly used in modern media (for example: impeachment, lobby, publicity, voucher, dealer, marketing, voice recorder, air conditioner, printer).

In the "Dictionary of abbreviations of foreign origin" L.N. Baranova considered abbreviations of the type NATO, NASA, CD, DVD, their decoding is given, their pronunciation and use in speech are indicated.

In recent years, many educational dictionaries of foreign words have appeared, which, both in the composition of the vocabulary and in the methods of description, are focused on students of different ages.

In the "School Dictionary of Foreign Words" L.P. Krysin, preference is given to the vocabulary that is often found and actively used in the speech practice of schoolchildren. In addition to interpretations and data on the origin of the word, the dictionary entry includes grammatical and stylistic marks, indications of the correct pronunciation, short sayings illustrating different meanings borrowed words. Information of a cultural and historical nature is also important for students. There are many borrowings in the dictionary. recent years (fax, file, shaping, hacker and so on.).

A useful tool for students is " School vocabulary foreign words” by V. V. Odintsov and others, which includes the most common foreign words in modern oral and written speech. Dictionary entries contain a wide range of information: they reveal the meaning of the word, its origin, give a grammatical and accentological characteristic. The dictionary entry contains words with the same root as the heading word, forming a nest. Where possible, cultural and historical commentary is given. The meanings of words are illustrated by sayings and examples from fiction. For example:

potpourri, neskl., cf. (fr. pot-pourris- letters, food from different types of meat). 1. A piece of music composed of excerpts from well-known musical melodies. A military band in the city garden played a potpourri of operettas. 2. (transl.) A hodgepodge, a mixture of dissimilar things.

In fr. In the language, the word "potpourri" originally called a dish consisting of small pieces of various products. And in the Russian language in the first half of the XIX century. it meant a dance composed of small dances or fragments of different dances.

Afonkin S.Yu. Look at the root: an explanatory dictionary of foreign words of Greek and Latin origin. SPb. : Himizdat, 2000. 336 p.

Babichev N.T., Borovsky Ya.M. Latin dictionary winged words/ ed. Ya.M. Borovsky. M. : Bustard: Russian language - Media, 2008. 987 p. .

Babkin A.M., Shendetsov V.V. Dictionary of foreign expressions and words used in Russian without translation: in 3 books. 2nd ed., rev. SPb.: QUOTAM, 1994. Book. 1-3. .

BaranovaL.N. Dictionary of abbreviations of foreign origin [about 1000 abbreviations]. M.: AST-Press Book, 2009. 320 p.

BarbashovaL.IN. Dictionary of foreign words [about 4000 words of foreign origin]. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg. state un-ta, 1999. 171 p.

Belitsa T.I. Explanatory dictionary of French borrowings in Russian: (based on the thematic fields "Nominations of fashionable realities" and "Culinary terms"). Novosibirsk: Novosibirsk. state un-t, 2007. 223 p.

A large illustrated dictionary of foreign words [about 60,000 foreign words and expressions]. M. : East - West: Biblio, 2009. 958 p.

Large Illustrated Dictionary of Foreign Words. M.: Astrel [et al.], 2006. 957 p.

Big Dictionary foreign words / comp. V.Yu. Nikitin. M. : House of the Slavonic Book, 2009. 991 p.

Large Dictionary of Foreign Words: A-Z [more than 25,000 words] / comp.

A.Yu. Moskvin. 7th ed., rev. and additional M. : Tsentrpoligraf, 2008. 685 p. .

Big Dictionary of Foreign Words. M.: LadKom, 2008. 703 p. (Russian language). .

BrusenskayaL.A. Dictionary of immutable foreign words of the Russian language. Rostov n / a .: Publishing house Rostov, state. ped. un-ta, 1997. 236 p.

Bulyko A.N. Big Dictionary of Foreign Words. 3rd ed., rev. and reworked. M.: Martin, 2010. 702 p. .

Vasyukova I.A. Dictionary of foreign words [about 3000 most common foreign words] / otv. ed. E. E. Zorina. M.: ACT [et al.], 2006. 415 p.

Vasyukova I.A. Dictionary of foreign words [about 6000 words] / ed. I. K. Sazonova. M. : AST-Press Book, 2001. 631 p. .

Galchenko I.E. Glossary of the vocabulary of the languages ​​of the peoples of the North Caucasus in Russian: tutorial. Ordzhonikidze: Publishing House of the North - Ossetians. un-ta, 1975. 199 p.

Gilyarevsky R.S., Starostin B.A. Foreign names and titles in the Russian text: a reference book. 3rd ed., rev. and additional M.: Higher school, 1985. 303 p. .

Gladkova I.V., Emelyanov B.V., Zimbuli A.E. Nenashi words in our language: a reference dictionary [about 800 borrowings]. Yekaterinburg [b. i.], 2011. 128 p.

Goletiani G.G. Georgian vocabulary in Russian: a brief thematic dictionary. Tbilisi: Tbil Publishing House. un-ta, 1972. 255 p.

Grishina E.A. Illustrated dictionary of foreign words [about 5000 words and phrases, more than 1200 illustrations]. M.: ACT: Astrel, 2008. 319 p.

Grishina E.A. Brief dictionary of foreign words [about 8000 units]. M.: Astrel: ACT, 2005. 638 p. [The same in 2002].

Grishina E.A. The latest illustrated dictionary of foreign words [about 30,000 words and phrases, more than 5,000 illustrations]. M.: ACT [et al.], 2009. 878 p.

Danilyuk I. G. A modern dictionary of foreign words for secondary and higher education. Donetsk: BAO, 2008. 560 p.

Egorova G.V. Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language for schoolchildren. M.: Adelant, 2014. 351 p. (Library of pocket dictionaries).

Zhukovsky S. G. A living dictionary of foreign words in modern Russian [more than 600 words]. Moscow: School Press, 2001. 189 p.

Zakharenko E.N., Komarova LN., Nechaeva I.V. A new dictionary of foreign words [over 25,000 words and phrases]. 3rd ed., rev. and additional M.: Azbukovnik, 2008. 1040 p. .

Ilyinskaya L.S. Latin heritage in Russian: a reference dictionary. M.: GLOSS-PRESS, 2003. 400 p. .

KavetskayaR.K.,Lenchenko K.P. Foreign words on the pages of the modern press: a dictionary [about 660 words]. Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state un-ta, 1996. 97 p.

Komlev N.G. Foreign word in business speech: a concise dictionary of new words with translation and interpretation. M.: MKDCI, 1992. 125 p.

Komlev NG. Foreign words and expressions. M.: Sovremennik, 1997. 205 p.

Komlev N.G. Dictionary of foreign words [more than 4500 words and expressions]. M.: Eksmo, 2006. 669 p.

Komlev N.G. Dictionary of new foreign words: (with translation, etymology and interpretation). M. : Publishing House Moek. state un-ta, 1995. 142 p.

Komlev N.G. School dictionary of foreign words. M.: Eksmo-Press, 1999. 544 p.

Krysin L.P. An illustrated explanatory dictionary of foreign words [over 25,000 words and phrases, 2,000 illustrations: the most common foreign words that entered the Russian language in the 18th-20th and early 21st centuries]. M.: Eksmo, 2011. 863 p. Krysin L.P. New dictionary of foreign words. M.: Eksmo, 2007. 480 p. (School dictionaries).

Krysin L.P. New dictionary of foreign words: the most common foreign words that entered the Russian language in the 18th-20th and early 21st centuries. M.: Eksmo, 2005. 475 p.

Krysin L.P. Modern dictionary of foreign words [over 7000 words and expressions] / Ros. acad. Sciences. M.: AST-Press, 2012. 410 p. (Desk dictionaries of the Russian language).

Krysin L.P. Explanatory dictionary of foreign words [over 25,000 words and phrases] / Ros. acad. Sciences, Institute of Rus. lang. them. V. V. Vinogradova. M.: Eksmo, 2010. 939 p. .

Krysin L.P. Educational dictionary of foreign words. M. : Eksmo, 2010. 704 p.

Krysin L.P. School dictionary of foreign words [about 1500 lexical units]. M.: Bustard: Russian language, 1997. 299 p.

Krysin L.P. 1000 new foreign words. M.: AST-Press Book,

2009. 319 p. (Small desktop dictionaries of the Russian language). Latin heritage in Russian: a reference dictionary / comp.

A.I. Voronkov, L.P. Ponyaeva, L.M. Popov. Moscow: Flinta: Science,

Moskvin A.Yu. Large dictionary of foreign words [more than 25,000 words]. 7th ed., rev. and additional M. : Tsentrpoligraf, 2008. 685 p. .

Muzrukova T.G., Nechaeva I.V. Popular dictionary of foreign words [about 5000 words] / ed. I.V. Nechaeva. M.: Azbukovnik, 2002. 496 p. .

Nechaeva I.V. Dictionary of foreign words. M. : ACT, 2007.

538 p. (Pocket library of dictionaries).

The latest dictionary of foreign words: A-Z [about 5000 words] / ed.- comp. E.A. Okunpova. 2nd ed., rev. M.: Iris-press, 2009. 509 p. .

The latest dictionary of foreign words and expressions [more than 25,000 entries, over 100,000 foreign words and expressions]. Minsk: Modern Literator: Belarusian House of Press, 2007. 975 p.

The latest school dictionary of foreign words / comp. L.A. Aslanova. M.: Dom slavyanskoi knigi, 2012. 639 p.

New illustrated dictionary of foreign words / comp. L.V. Barbashova, V.A. Grachev, V.P. Rose; ed. V. Butromeeva. M.: Dekont+, 1998. 309 p.

New dictionary of foreign words [more than 4500 words] / comp. M. Sitnikova. 4th ed., ster. Rostov n/a. : Phoenix, 2008. 299 p. (Dictionaries). .

New Dictionary of Foreign Words [more than 20,000 words] / ch. ed

V. V. Adamchik. Minsk: Modern writer, 2005. 1087 p. Popular Dictionary of Foreign Words / ed. T.N. Gurieva. M.: RIPOL classic, 2002. 799 p. (Encyclopedic dictionaries). Semyonova N.M. New concise dictionary of foreign words: over 6500 words. 3rd ed., ster. M.: Bustard: Russian language - Media, 2008. 793 p. [In 1st ed. 2005, in 2nd ed. 2007 otv. ed. N.M. Semyonov (no author indicated)].

Sklyarevskaya G.N., Vaulina E.Yu. Let's talk right! The latest and most common borrowings in modern Russian: a short reference dictionary. SPb. : Philol. fak. St. Petersburg. state un-ta, 2004. 217 p.

Dictionary of foreign words / ed. T.N. Gurieva. M. : Mir knigi, 2003.415 p.

Dictionary of foreign words / comp. I.E. Zemlyanskaya [and others]; ed.

T.N. Gurieva. M.: Terra - Book Club, 2009. 398 p.

Dictionary of foreign words in Russian [for schoolchildren and students] / comp. E. Gruber. Moscow: Lokid-Press; Minsk: Sovremennoe slovo, 2005. 654 p.

Dictionary of foreign words [in 2 volumes] / otv. ed. S.N. Berdyshev [i dr.].

M .: Terra - Book Club, 2002. T. 1-2.

Dictionary of foreign words for schoolchildren / ed.-comp. V. V. Morkin.

M.: Iris-Press: Rolf, 2001. 406 p.

Dictionary of foreign words for schoolchildren [about 3500 words] / author, - comp. L.A. Saturday. [Republished]. Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria,

2007. 317 p. .

Dictionary of foreign words for schoolchildren / ed. M.P. Sterligov. St. Petersburg: Regatta: Litera, 2000. 509 p.

Dictionary of foreign words for schoolchildren [about 6000 words] / comp.

G. A. Lebedeva. M.: Slavyansky book house, 2002. 509 p.

Dictionary of foreign words and expressions [more than 17,000 units] / author, - comp. E.S. Zenovich; scientific ed. L.N. Smirnov. M. : ACT: Olympus,

2008. 778 p. [Also in 1997; also in 2006 under the title: Dictionary of foreign words].

Dictionary of foreign words [about 2500 words] / ed. D.K. Khachaturian. M.: Omega, 2001. 303 p. (To help the student).

Dictionary of foreign words [about 3000 words] / ed. E.D. Goncharova. M.: Bustard: Russian language - Media, 2008. 211 p.

Dictionary of foreign words [about 4000 words] / comp. V.P. Butromeev, T.V. Rose; ed. V. Butromeeva. M. : Prestige book. [et al.], 2005. 541 p. (Library encyclopedic dictionaries). [The same in 2000 in the series "Illustrated schoolchildren's dictionaries"].

Dictionary of foreign words [about 5000 words] / comp. M.P. Sterligov; ed. K. B. Vasil'eva. St. Petersburg: Avalon: Azbuka-klassika, 2010. 382 p.

Dictionary of foreign words [about 10,000 most common words of the modern lexicon] / comp. M.Yu. Zhenilo, E.S. Yurchenko. Rostov n / D .: Phoenix, 2001. 797 p. (Dictionaries).

Dictionary of foreign words [about 10,000 words] / comp. T.Yu. Usha. St. Petersburg: Victory: Victoria plus, 2008. 813 p.

Dictionary of foreign words [about 20,000 words and terms] / ed. I.V. Lyokhin and F.N. Petrov. 19th ed., ster. M. : Russian language, 1990. 624 p. .

Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language for schoolchildren / comp. T.V. Egorova. M.: Adelant, 2014. 351 p. (Library of pocket dictionaries).

Dictionary of foreign words [over 6000 words] / otv. ed. T.M. Martynova, N.G. Kotov. M.: Alta-Print, 2008. 542 p.

Dictionary of foreign words [over 21,000 words] / otv. ed. V. V. Burtseva, N.M. Semyonov. 6th ed., stereotype. M. : Bustard: Russian language - Media, 2009. 817 p.

Dictionary of foreign words of the modern Russian language / comp. T.V. Egorova. M. : Adelant, 2012. 799 p. (Library of school dictionaries).

Dictionary of foreign words / ed.-comp. L. Orlova. Minsk: Harvest, 2010. 447 p. (Modern Dictionary of the Russian Language).

Modern dictionary of foreign words [about 20,000 words] / comp. N.M. Landa [and others]; leading ed. L.N. Komarov. 4th ed., ster. M.: Russian language, 2001. 740 p. .

Modern dictionary of foreign words [about 7,000 words, 14,100 phrases and sentences, 1,750 citations] / comp. L.M. bash,

A.V. Bobrova, G.L. Vecheslov, R.S. Kimyagarova, E.M. Sendrovich. M.: Veche, 2012. 959 p. [The same in 2000, 2005, 2006].

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Subbotina L.L. Pocket dictionary of foreign words: 2000 words. M.: Lingua: Astrel, 2013. 318 p. (Pocket Dictionary).

Sukhanova I. Yu. Russian dictionary of new formations from foreign words [about 200 derivational nests]. Samara: Samar Publishing House, state. ped. un-ta, 2006. 111 p.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words / comp. N.P. Sherstenin. M. : Perseus-1, 1998. 348 p.

Explanatory dictionary of the most common foreign words / comp. A.A. Medvedev. M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2009. 525 p.

Universal dictionary of foreign words [about 45,000 borrowed terms] / ed. T. Volkova. M.: Veche, 2000. 687 p.

Fiveyskaya E.L., Verbitskaya O.N. Let's talk right! Words in foreign spelling in modern Russian: a brief dictionary-reference book. SPb. : Philol. fak. St. Petersburg. state university,

Khabibullina E.Kh. Brief thematic dictionary of French borrowings in Russian. Kazan: Publishing house Kazan, un-ta, 2001. 69 p.

Cherkasova M.N., Cherkasova L.N. Modern dictionary of foreign words [more than 5000 lexical units]. Rostov n/a. : Phoenix,

Shagalova E.N. Dictionary of the latest foreign words: (late XX - early XXI century) [more than 3000 words and phrases]. M. : ACT: Astrel, 2010. 941 p.

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School dictionary of foreign words / comp. A.A. Medvedev. M.: Center-polygraph, 2011.607 p.

School Dictionary of Foreign Words: A-Z [over 10,000 words] / ed. I. Trushina. M.: VAKO, 2010. 286 p.

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V.V. Odintsov, V.V. Ivanov, G.P. Smolitskaya, E.I. Golanova, I.A. Vasilevskaya; ed. V. V. Ivanova. 3rd ed., revised. M. : Education, 1994. 272 ​​p. .

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illustrations. Kazan: Taglimat, 2005.

There are adopted words in absolutely every language of the world. They come with any interaction of countries. This article will help you understand what borrowed words are and how to distinguish between them.

In contact with

Loanword Dictionary

Borrowed words in Russian appear in relationships with representatives of other countries, nationalities, in a similar way, speech is supplemented and improved. Borrowed vocabulary appears when an important concept is missing.

Borrowing words from other languages ​​significantly complements the speech they enter, makes people closer to each other, it becomes easier to understand foreigners who use international terms in speech.

The dictionary of borrowed words contains borrowed words that came to Russian in different time periods. Meaning they are revealed very fully, the etymology is explained. You can find the necessary word by the first letter, as in a regular glossary.

Words borrowed from other languages

Foreign words that came through adoption behave differently. Some take root, enter into speech, changing according to all the rules of the Russian dialect (for example, a sandwich), while others do not change, they are used in their original state (a vivid example of the word sushi).

Borrowed words divided into Slavic and non-Slavic. For example, Slavic dialects - Czech, Ukrainian, Old Slavonic, Polish, etc. Non-Slavic - Finno-Ugric, Germanic, Scandinavian, Turkic, etc.

List of foreign words in Russian

Borrowed words in the majority are simply forced to change according to all the rules of the Russian dialect: phonetically, semantically and morphologically. But over time, such terms are so firmly established in everyday life that most simply cease to be regarded as alien. For example, words "school", "sugar", "activist", "banya", "artel" and others were originally brought into Russian from other dialects, only now they are taken for Russian.

Attention! Borrowed from others adverbs, words can change drastically: some change only the endings, others can change gender, others even change their meaning.

Consider the words conservatory, conservative, canned food.

At first glance, their meanings are completely different, even these three expressions came from completely different countries, but they have something in common, something that catches the eye even at first glance - they are similar in spelling.

This is explained very simply. They came to our dialect from Italian, French and Latin. And in their turn came one term from Latin, meaning "preserve."

Important! To correctly determine the lexical meaning of any word, you need to find out where it was introduced from.

If there is no certainty whether an expression came from other languages ​​or is native Russian, dictionaries come to the rescue, which explains not only the meaning, but also the occurrence.

For clarity, below are examples of borrowed words in Russian:

Borrowing language	adopted word	Semantics
	Business	Occupation, business
	Price list	price list
	Gameplay	Game process
	Diving	Swimming underwater
	Penalty	Punishment
	Blogger	Man posting online diary on internet
	parking	Parking
	Cake	Cake
Arab	Admiral	sea ​​lord
	Shop	Stock
	Robe	Honorary Outfit
ancient greek	Aristocracy	The power of the chosen
	Atheism	godlessness
	Comedy	Joyful songs
	Optics	See
	Skeleton	withered
	Telephone	far audible
	Tragedy	goat song
	Photo	light recording
	Bank	Bench
Italian	Vermicelli	Worms
	Paparazzi	Annoying mosquitoes
	Tomato	Golden Apple
Latin	gravity	severity
	Oval	Egg
	Rail	straight stick
	Soldier	Coin for military service, salary
	Stimulus	animal stick
	Pot	round cauldron
German	Mug	Bowl
	Camp	storage
	Mouthpiece	Mouth product
	Leggings	Pants for riders
	Market	Circle, square
	Jail	Tower
	Apron	front handkerchief
	Barrier	felled tree
	State	State
	Chess	Shah passed away
Persian	Shashlik	six slices
	Suitcase	Warehouse of things
	redneck	livestock
Polish	begging	Kneel
	Bouillon	Decoction
	Conductor	drive
French	Corset	Body
	Marauder	Robber
	Still life	dead nature
	Dude	Pigeon
	Masterpiece	business professional
	Floor	platform

foreign words

You can often hear the phrase foreign word. What are foreign words what are they?

Foreign words are adopted terms from other dialects. The introduction of borrowed words occurs in two ways: through conversation and through literature. This is a natural process in the interaction of two different languages ​​and cultures.

There are a number of differences that can be used to determine How do native Russian words differ from borrowed ones?.

The first sign is phonetic:

1. Starts with the letter a. It is easy to distinguish them, since truly Russian expressions with the letter a begin extremely rarely. They start with a only interjections, imitate sounds and their derivatives.
2. Native Russian words do not have the letter e at the root, this is typical for adopted terms. Exceptions - , interjections and formed from adopted words.
3. Letter f. Exceptions are imitation of sounds, interjections, the word owl.
4. Several vowels at the root of a word indicate loanwords in Russian.
5. Consonant combinations"kg", "kd", "gb" and "kz" in the roots of words.
6. Combinations of "ge", "ke" and "he" in the root. Originally Russian words have these combinations only in the stem-end combination.
7. Combinations of "vu", "mu", "kyu" and "byu" in the root.
8. Doubled consonants in the root.
9. A solid consonant sound before the vowel e, read as e.
10. Words, starting with the letter e.

The second sign is morphological:

1. Nouns that are not inflected.
2. Invariability of gender and number of nouns.

The third sign is derivational:

1. Prefixes of foreign origin.
2. Suffixes of foreign origin.
3. Roots such as aqua-, geo-, marine-, grapho-, etc.

Summing up, it should be noted that original Russian and borrowed words easy to distinguish, just paying attention to the above signs.

Borrowed vocabulary

What is borrowed, really? These are expressions that have entered speech from other languages ​​due to external (political, commercial, general cultural ties, definitions of concepts, objects) and internal (the law of conservation of verbal means, enrichment of the language, a popular term) reasons.

Consider examples of loanwords and their meaning.

Examples of English words

Russian term	English term	Meaning
Bodysuit	Body - body	body-hugging outfit
Jeans	Jeans - denim	This type of trousers is in the wardrobe of almost everyone.
clutch	To clutch - squeeze, grab	Small women's bag, carried in the hand
Leggings	Leggings - gaiters, leggings Leg - leg	Tight gaiters of various textures and colors have been extremely popular among fashionistas for more than one year.
Sweater	To sweat - sweat	The sweater is very warm and the origin of the name is obvious
Stretch	To stretch - stretch	Highly stretchy fabrics. The Russians transformed it into a "stretch"
Hoodie	Hood - hood	Hoodie
Shorts	Short - short	Cropped trousers
Jam	To jam - crush, squeeze	Jelly density jam
Roast beef	Roast - fried Beef - beef	Most often a piece of meat, grilled
Chips	Chips - crispy fried potatoes	One of the favorite treats of children and adults
Brand	Brand - name, brand	Popular Brand
Investor	Investor - contributor	A company or individual who invests money in projects in order to multiply the invested funds
know-how	To know - to know	A unique technology that allows you to make an exceptional product or service
Release	Release - release	Production of products such as a music disc, a book, etc.
Browser	Browse - browse	Utility for viewing sites on the Internet
Laptop	Notebook - notebook	laptop computer
Best-seller	Best - the best Seller - sold	The product that serves the best
Loser	To lose - lose, fall behind	Jonah
puzzle	puzzle	Puzzle with an impressive number of pieces
Rating	To rate - evaluate	Product awareness level
Soundtrack	sound - sound Track - track	Most often music written for a film
Thriller	Thrill - nervous trembling	A movie that can make you chill with fear

List of foreign words in Russian can be continued indefinitely. Finding out from which language the word came into speech, one can trace how the interaction between countries took place.

Examples of native Russian and borrowed words in the science of lexicology are strictly distributed according to their origin.

There are many glossaries explaining what foreign language terms are. They explain, from what language some expression came. It also contains sentences with borrowed words from all ages. Many expressions after a long time began to be perceived as primordially Russian.

Now the most famous dictionary is the “School Dictionary of Foreign Words” by V.V. Ivanova. It describes what language the word came from, what it means, and examples of usage. This is one of the most comprehensive glossaries, covering the most basic concepts of the most commonly used terms.

Examples of loanwords

Are borrowed words necessary?

Conclusion

Find out what language some word came, quite simply, having understood its original meaning. The dictionary gives a whole list of expressions, while it is constantly updated. The history of terms and their origin can tell a lot, one has only to look for a word in a glossary.

The Russian language is rich and powerful, and this wealth is constantly growing. And often new words come from other languages. Today we will tell you about the most frequently used words of English origin in Russian. You will find that you already know more than a hundred words in English without even studying them specifically.

Let's see what concepts regarding the names of clothing items and the world of fashion have come to us from in English.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
ivory	ivory - ivory	Ivory.
bodysuit	a body - body	Apparently the word comes from the fact that this type of clothing fits the body.
windproof	a wind - wind; proof - impenetrable	Windproof clothing, usually a jacket.
jeans	jeans - trousers made of thick cotton fabric (denim)	Once they were the clothes of gold miners, and today they find a place in the wardrobe of almost every person.
clutch	to clutch - grab, squeeze, squeeze	A small lady's handbag, which is squeezed in the hands.
leggings/leggings	leggings - leggings, leggings; a leg - leg	Fashionable glamorous leggings are now called leggings :-)
long sleeve	long - long; a sleeve	T-shirt with long sleeves.
sweater	to sweat - to sweat	It really gets hot in a sweater, so the origin of the word is quite logical.
the tuxedo	a smoking jacket - “a jacket in which they smoke”	This word has an interesting origin. Previously, "blazers in which they smoke" were home clothes. When a gentleman was going to smoke, he put on a thick jacket (a smoking jacket), which was designed to protect his clothes from the smell of smoke and falling ash. By the way, in English a tuxedo is a tuxedo or a dinner jacket, and smoking is “smoking”.
stretch	to stretch - stretch	So called elastic fabrics that stretch well. In Russian, the incorrect pronunciation of this word is also common - stretch.
heelies	a heel - heel	Sneakers with a wheel on the heel.
hoodie	a hood - hood	Hoodie.
shorts	short - short	Borrowed from English short trousers (short trousers).
shoes	shoes - footwear	So in slang they call shoes.

The cuisine of English-speaking people is hundreds of goodies and goodies, so our domestic hostesses also prepare all kinds of overseas dishes. Here are the words and dishes that enriched the Russian language thanks to English:

Russian word	English word	Meaning
jam	to jam - squeeze, crush	An analogue of our jam, only fruits are crushed, mixed so that the dish has a jelly-like consistency.
crumble	to crumble - crumble	Pie, the basis of which consists of butter-flour crumbs.
cracker	to crack - break	Crispy biscuits that break easily.
pancake	a pan - frying pan; a cake - cake, cake, pancake	American version of our pancakes.
roast beef	roast - fried; beef - beef	A piece of beef meat, usually grilled.
Hot Dog	hot - hot; a dog - dog	Let's see why the favorite dish of many was named so strange. The fact is that hot dogs came to the USA from Germany, where they were called Dachshund sandwiches (sandwich dachshund). This name was difficult to pronounce and was changed to hot dogs. But why was the dish associated with dogs in Germany? There is a version advocated by many historians that in Germany, until the middle of the 20th century, dog meat was often added to sausages, so long sausages began to be called “dachshunds”.
chips	chips - fried crispy potatoes	This word is interesting because in American English chips are chips, and in British it is french fries, which in American English is called French fries.
shortbread	short - fragile; bread - bread	So called crumbly shortbread cookies. The word short is used in the sense of "brittle, brittle" for dough products in which there is a high ratio of butter to flour.

English is the international language most often used in high-level business negotiations. The terminology of the business world is based on words of English origin, so if you work in the field of economics, management, marketing and finance, you already know hundreds English words. Let's take a look at the most commonly used ones:

Russian word	English word	Meaning
outsourcing	outsourcing - attraction of resources from external sources	Transfer on a contractual basis of certain types of work to third-party specialists.
brand	a brand - brand name	A brand of goods that is very popular with customers.
broker	a broker - intermediary, agent	physical or entity, which acts as an intermediary in concluding transactions on the stock exchange, and also acts on behalf of its clients.
deadline	a deadline - deadline, deadline	Deadline for submission of work.
default	default - non-payment, negligence, defect	Failure to meet obligations to repay borrowed funds or pay interest on securities.
diversification	diverse - various, varied	Development of new (various) types of activity by the enterprise. As well as the distribution of investments between various objects.
dealer	a dealer - dealer, sales agent	A company that buys goods in bulk and sells them to consumers. Also a professional participant in the securities market.
distributor	to distribute - distribute	A representative of a manufacturer who purchases goods from the manufacturer and sells them either to retailers and dealers or directly to the customer.
investor	an investor	A person or organization that invests money in projects in order to increase its capital.
crowdfunding	a crowd - crowd; funding - financing	Financing new interesting ideas in cash or other resources by a large number of people on a voluntary basis, usually carried out via the Internet.
leasing	to lease - to lease	A form of lending for the acquisition of fixed assets of an enterprise, in fact, it is a long-term lease with a subsequent right to purchase.
marketing	marketing - promotion in the market, market activity	Organization of production and marketing of goods / services, which is based on a study of market needs. A marketing professional is called a marketer or marketer.
management	management - management	Management of socio-economic organizations.
networking	a net - network; work - work	Establishing business contacts, creating a network of acquaintances useful for work.
know-how	to know - to know; how - how	Technology, a production secret that allows you to create a product / service in a unique way.
PR	public relations - public relations	Activities to create an attractive image of someone / something, including with the help of the media.
prime time	prime is the best part; time - time	The time when the largest audience gathers near the screens or at the radio
price list	aprice - price; a list - a list	Price list, a list of prices for goods and services of a particular company.
promoter	to promote - promote	A person who promotes a product/service on the market.
release	to release - release, publish	Release of a new product, such as a movie, music album, book, software, etc.
retailer	retail - retail sale	A legal entity that buys goods in bulk and sells them at retail.
realtor	realty - real estate	Real estate agent, mediator between buyer and seller.
startup	to start up - start the project	A newly formed company that builds its business around innovative ideas or technologies.
freelancer	a freelancer - a self-employed employee who provides his services to different companies	A person who performs temporary work (work to order).
holding	to hold - hold, own	A company that owns controlling stakes in several enterprises and thereby exercises control over them.

The vocabulary of sports enthusiasts consists almost entirely of English borrowings, so it can be said that fans not only learn sports terms, but also expand their English vocabulary. See what words from the world of sports English has given us.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
arm wrestling	an arm - hand; wrestling - wrestling	Hand fight.
basketball, volleyball, football, baseball, handball	a ball - ball; a basket - basket; a volley - volley, receiving the ball on the fly; a foot - leg; a base - base; a hand - hand	Sports with a ball.
body-building	a body - body; to build - build	Physical exercise with machines or heavy equipment to build muscle mass.
scuba diving	to dive - dive; scuba (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) - scuba	Scuba diving.
doping	dope - drug	Prohibited drugs that invigorate the body for a short period of time.
curling	to curl - twist	A game in which you need to hit a target with a stone sliding on ice. In this case, the rounded stone is spinning.
kickboxing	a kick - kick; to box - to box	A form of boxing in which kicks are allowed.
cross	to cross - cross	Cross-country running or racing.
penalty	a penalty - punishment, fine	Free kick to the opponent's goal.
rope jumping	a rope - rope; to jump - jump	Jumping with a climbing rope from a height.
surfing	surf - surf wave	Riding on the waves on the board.
skateboard	to skate - ride; a board	Roller board.
sport	sport - sport	The word originally came from disport, meaning "entertainment, distraction from work."
start	start - departure, start	The beginning of something.
half	time - time, term	The time period of a sports game.
fitness	fitness - endurance, physical culture, form	A healthy lifestyle that includes exercise to achieve good shape.
forward	a forward - one who goes ahead of others	Attack.

In the IT field, almost all words are taken from English. We will list the most frequently used ones here, and you can read about the rest in the articles of our teachers “Ok, Google, or Everything about gadgets and devices in English” and “Computer basics or how to survive in cyberspace. Basic computer concepts in English".

Russian word	English word	Meaning
browser	to browse - view	Program for searching and viewing Internet resources.
viral	viral - viral	Popular, spreads among Internet users like a virus.
gamer	a game	A person who is fond of computer games.
display	a display - demonstration, display	Device for visual display of information.
driver	to drive - manage, lead	A program that provides interaction between operating system computer and its hardware components.
click	a click	Pressing a mouse button, clicking a button or a link on a website.
community	a community	A group of people with the same interests.
login	to log in - log in	Name for authorization.
laptop	a notebook - notebook, notebook	Laptop.
fast	to post - publish information	Blog post or forum post.
provider	to provide - supply, provide	A company that provides access to the Internet, mobile communications.
traffic	traffic - movement, flow of information	The amount of data that passes through the server
hacker	to hack - hack, hack	A person who is good with computers and can hack various systems.
user	a user - user	Computer user.

Of course, it is difficult to place in one article all the words we have taken from the English language. Below we present some of the most frequently used borrowed concepts. We think that every person has used these words at least once in their life.

Russian word	English word	Meaning
animalism	an animal - animal	A genre in art that uses images of animals. You can often hear "animal print" about a blouse with a leopard print.
outsider	outsider - outsider, extreme	A non-specialist in any industry or a loser, as well as a team or athlete who has little chance of winning.
best-seller	best - the best; a seller - sold, hot item	The product that sells best.
blender	to blend - mix	Device for grinding and mixing products.
blockbuster	a block - quarter; to bust - blow up	A popular movie that produces the effect of an exploding bomb.
boiler	to boil - boil	Apparatus for heating water.
briefing	brief - short	Short conference.
backing vocal	backing - support; vocal - vocals	Singers who sing along to the performer.
glamor	glamor - charm, charm	Demonstrative luxury.
grant	a grant - gift, subsidy, subsidy	Funds directed to support the arts, sciences, etc.
destructive	to destroy - destroy	Devastating, unproductive, destructive.
image maker	image - image; to make - to do	A person who creates an image, an external image.
impeachment	impeachment - distrust, condemnation	The removal from power of the head of state due to any violations of the law.
camping	a camp - camp	A recreation center equipped for tourists with tents or small houses.
cool	clever - smart, dexterous, gifted	According to some reports, this slang word also has English roots.
clown	a clown - uncouth guy, jester, clown	The favorite of children in the circus (circus comedian).
crossword	cross - intersecting; a word - a word	Everyone's favorite puzzle game where words cross each other.
loser	to lose - lose, miss, fall behind	Jonah.
mainstream	the mainstream - main line, main direction	Dominant direction in any area.
parking	to park - park, park	Parking for cars.
Puzzle	a puzzle	A puzzle with many pieces.
playlist	to play - play; a list - a list	List of songs to play.
pressure	to press - press	Pressure, pressure. Often used in the sense of "psychological pressure".
rating	to rate - evaluate	Evaluation of something, the degree of popularity.
remake	a remake - remake	An updated version of an old product.
reportage	to report - report	Press release about some events.
summit	a summit	Assembly of heads of state or government at the highest level.
soundtrack	a sound - sound; a track - track	The soundtrack, usually the music from the film.
second hand	second - second; a hand - hand	Used items.
security	security - security, protection	Security service, guard.
selfie	self - self-	Self-portrait taken with the camera.
square	a square - area	Green area in the city.
speaker	to speak - speak	Someone who speaks at a conference, webinar, meeting, etc.
Test Drive	test - trial; a drive - trip	Test drive to evaluate the quality of the car.
talk show	to talk - to speak; a show - view	A show in which participants express their opinion on an issue.
tram	a tram - wagon; a way - way	Type of public transport.
thriller	a thrill - nervous trembling	A work of art that makes you feel nervous shivers and goosebumps running down your spine.
trolleybus	a trolley - roller current collector; a bus - bus, omnibus	The name came from the fact that earlier trolleybuses had roller current collectors.
tuning	tuning - tuning, adjustment	Alteration, improvement of the car.
handmade	a hand - hand; made - done	Things made by hand.
shampoo	a shampoo - washing the head	Head wash.
escalation	to escalate - rise, aggravate	Growth, enhancement of something. For example, the escalation of the conflict is the aggravation of the conflict.

We also invite you to watch a video about the words that came to Russian from English.

These are the words of English origin in Russian that we often use in our speech. Now you know their origin and also understand their true meaning. However, there are many more such borrowings from English in Russian. Do you know any words that came to us from English? Share your observations in the comments.