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Suggestion is a direct influence on a person, because of which he commits acts, feels something that does not apply to his principles and moral standards. There are 2 types of suggestions: verbal and non-verbal.

verbal suggestion

Verbal suggestion is divided into explicit, indirect and direct. The latter variety is distinguished by the clarity of manipulator operations, when it is clear what the goal is behind it. A similar variety is popular in medicine when it is required to turn off pain. Direct suggestion can be covert if it is not told what will happen, but given a hint that the result depends on the person.

Post-hypnotic suggestion is useful for self-hypnosis if you want to erase memories so that the person forgets the negative points. The subconscious is being programmed, with it the patient performs actions.

Indirect suggestion is a possibility of choice, when a person himself determines what he needs to inspire. This variety is used to guide the patient on a path that he himself is not capable of becoming. Indirect suggestion has the following subspecies:

consistent. There is a sounding of different formulations with which the person agrees. As a result, a statement is made, it must be accepted;
implication. The psychologist talks about the result of events, and the patient tunes in ahead of time for the event;
double link. A person is offered a choice of 2 options that are identical. There is a description of a serious situation where the main element is eliminated. This allows the patient to focus on it.

Explicit suggestion includes several subspecies. Each of them has something in common: a person is given a choice of actions. During the reception, the use of vague boundaries is allowed, which a person is able to fill at will.

Non-verbal suggestion

Non-verbal suggestion is based. It is based on the subconscious, the influence occurs in the course of communication. The types of non-verbal communication are:

catalepsy. The person is required to assume the position of the body that she is told about. Catalepsy is for the whole body or some parts. It is not recommended to use this method all the time;
pauses. The pause helps to highlight key thoughts;
levitation. There is no direct influence here, everything happens in the imagination. The moment for this is chosen by the patient. With the use of this method, it is easier to enter a trance. A popular way of self-hypnosis.

suggestion and persuasion

Persuasion and suggestion are methods of influencing human actions.

Persuasion is a type of directional that is produced through argumentation. Persuasion uses human consciousness, therefore it is worth putting forward arguments to explain the essence of phenomena. In the process, the cause and significance of the issue is clarified.

Persuasion techniques include storytelling, argumentation, and demonstration. So persuasion is available not only with the use of words, but also with examples of behavior. There is a suggestion that is based on opposition, which makes a person want to try out the inaccessible. Belief affects the behavior of the individual, but not directly, because. acts as an internal motivation, as well as coercion to activity through an appeal to the mind of the individual. The quality of persuasion is affected by the following elements:

prejudice. In this situation, the main work is carried out with the formulation of the problem and its resolution, which the person already has. The manipulator needs to change the settings of the person being convinced;
faith in the source. It is important that the object trusts you, authority;
message. It must be persuasive. Not only arguments are used, but also images that should focus on the necessary emphasis;

emotions. Even though persuasion calls to reason, emotions cannot be bypassed. Attitudes that excite a person are capable of exerting a more effective influence on him than facts.

The difference between persuasion and suggestion is that suggestion appeals to the subconscious, it bypasses the conscious. And persuasion affects the mind, while it is important to comprehend the data critically, correlate them with existing experience, and build chains.

Methods of suggestion

Experts distinguish several ways of suggestion:

during a person's wakefulness, when his consciousness is active;
during relaxation, when the psyche and muscles are not tense;
hypnosis. In this case, the person enters an altered state.

There is another classification of suggestion methods:

words. In this case, the influence is produced by speech, i.e. verbally;
mental. Here the influence comes without direct contact, at a distance;
metaphysical. It is a combination of talking about the reality of "I" and unity with the universe with mental suggestion. A similar method is used to heal the body and soul;
spiritual influence. Used for personal wellness. A person is under the influence of the flow of healing power from the Universe. In the course of healing, the superconscious is used.

In addition, there are 3 forms of suggestion:

compulsion;
persistent conviction;
influence on the will and emotions.

hypnotic suggestion

Hypnotic suggestion is a type of influence that requires the use of an altered state, i.e. hypnosis. During the session, the client, with the assistance of a psychologist, is placed in a hypnotic sleep. In such a state, a person reacts vividly to the words of the hypnotist. But there is no critical awareness of the situation, and the commands penetrate directly into the subconscious without analysis by the mind. They subsequently affect the state of health and the psyche of the individual.

Methods of this type of persuasion are divided into:

mechanical. The personality is influenced by the use of monotonous means;
mental - verbal influence;
magnetic. Based on the use of healing magnetism.

mental suggestion

Mental suggestion is applied if the object is not in the availability zone. Such an action is in absentia. It is done like this: you need to imagine that the object of suggestion is nearby. You can imagine a person at a distance, but be aware that he is nearby. Now you need to imagine that the thoughts come from the hypnotist and enter the brain of the suggested person. In addition, the variant is allowed if the hypnotist presents a conversation with the suggestible.

One of the key conditions of this technique is the required state of the individual. When broadcasting thoughts at a distance, a lot of energy is not required. It is important to imagine that there is a transition of thoughts from the hypnotist to the object of suggestion.

suggestion technique

The key suggestion technique contains the following steps:

establishing contact with the object and building trust on a subconscious level. This requires a system of non-verbal and verbal adjustment. Non-verbal is manifested in implicit imitation, and verbal is produced by agreeing with the opinion of the object;

introduction to a light trance to reduce the activity of consciousness. This is done by fixing attention on an object from the outside, by manipulating objects. Next, you need to draw the attention of the object to a certain part of his body, to focus on the sensations. Now it is important to keep the focus of the object on a certain emotion;
decreased activity of consciousness;

an unconscious search for parallels at the subconscious level is launched. This is done by using questions, metaphors;
direct suggestion. At this stage, the introduction of commands into the subconscious is used.

Neurophysiology explains the mechanism of suggestion as follows: through the use of speech, the hypnotist affects the cerebral cortex, which acts as an irritant. Orders become that arise due to stimulation of the subcortical zones in the brain. Negative induction, which occurs due to low resistance of consciousness, is transmitted to the entire brain. For this reason, the team is limited from, and the person is suggestible.

March 29, 2014, 16:10

How to use your potential for success in life? Suggestion of thoughts to another - are you able to do it? With this technique, you can master a super skill!

Everyone has superpowers!

Every person on earth has psychic abilities¹ that are dormant in him. Figuratively speaking, in many situations people reach their goal, working day and night like a miner, tearing through the ground where you can simply and easily fly to the right place.

It is the same in society: a person has the ability to do everything amazingly efficiently, achieve high results, build grandiose projects, but instead he is forced to waste time on completely unnecessary resistance.

This is especially true of interpersonal relationships, when one person stops the whole thing because of a bad mood or laziness!

This article provides effective technique, using which you can inspire thoughts in people so that they can act in the way you need. In this case, the person will consider that the inspired thought is his own.

This will allow you to achieve incredible success in all areas: how personal life as well as during working hours.

Attention!

Before describing this technique, I must say that it really affects people!

A person who has assumed the right to act in this way, along with power, receives additional responsibility! Higher powers will carefully monitor how and for what you will use this ability.

Remember one thing: the law of karma² is inevitable, all thoughts and suggestions will return back to the addressee. It is strongly recommended to use this technique for the benefit of yourself and others!

Suggestion to another person: technique of influence!

Before practice, it is advisable to spend a short time in hot water or take a contrast shower.

1. The practitioner lies on the floor: you can lay a special rug and make sure there are no drafts; pillow is not required.

3. Gradually, this will immerse the person in. Feeling a light trance, he focuses on his breathing, the feeling of inhalation and exhalation.

4. After some time, the practitioner will be in a deep trance. The sensation of the body may disappear - this is completely normal. Without distraction, he imagines that he is in a vacuum.

5. Having caught this moment, a person begins to breathe deeply, imagining how, during inhalation, the vacuum energy enters him; it flows through all the pores in the body. During exhalation, he imagines how all the negativity leaves these pores, dissolving in a vacuum.

The practitioner continues to breathe like this until he feels overwhelmed by a sense of strength. It usually occurs 10 minutes after such breathing.

6. He stops abruptly, plunging into inner sensations. In this state, the practitioner chooses his target: the person to whom the suggestion is to be carried out.

7. Having clearly imagined the face of a person, the practitioner looks into his eyes and mentally pronounces the text of the suggestion loudly. After that, you need to imagine how this person begins to answer with his voice.

For example:

- Olya, you love me very much and every day you understand it more and more!

Yes, I love you and every day I understand it more and more!

8. The practitioner continues this suggestion until he has a firm conviction that the job is well done and that the target person wants to do as intended.

By influencing an object in your imagination, you influence it in reality: this is the law, and it must be remembered!

9. Having finished the work, the practitioner thanks higher power and the person to whom he made the suggestion gradually comes out of the trance into his usual state.

The best time to practice is at night (when the subject is asleep). For a successful suggestion of a thought or feeling, perform this procedure regularly 1-2 times a day at the same time. You need to work patiently until the result appears.

Now you have a powerful tool of influence in your hands! You have the opportunity to realize your dreams and unfulfilled plans in love, affairs, business, etc.

You only need to remember your responsibility: you always have a Mirror in front of you! As soon as you take responsibility, the Universe itself will come to meet you!

The author of this technique, describing his experience, used this technique to instill a feeling of love in a girl who had another young man. Believing infinitely in the power of the subconscious, he achieved the result in 2 weeks. After 3-4 weeks, this girl confessed her love to him!

Anton Andreev

Notes and feature articles for a deeper understanding of the material

¹ Extrasensory perception is a term used for many supposedly existing paranormal forms of perception or human abilities (

After all that we have said, we can compare the imagination with a turbulent stream that irresistibly carries away an unfortunate person who has fallen into it, despite all his efforts to reach the saving shore. This flow seems to us indomitable. In fact, it is enough for us to study it and learn the laws that govern it: then we will be able to direct it in a different direction, we will be able to put a turbine on it and turn its force into motion, into heat, into electricity.

If this example does not satisfy you, we can compare the imagination to a wild horse without a bridle and without a motive. What remains for the rider, how not to surrender to the will of such a horse and rush wherever he wants? Very often, of course, he can break his neck and end up in a ditch. But it is enough for the rider to put a bridle on the horse, as the roles immediately change. It is no longer the horse that carries the rider, but the rider directs the horse where he wants. Having understood for yourself the tremendous power of our unconscious "I" or, what is the same, our imagination, you will now be convinced from my words that this, at first glance, indomitable force lends itself just as easily to curbing as a stormy stream or a mad horse.

But for this, it is first of all necessary to give a precise definition of two concepts that are very often used without a sufficient understanding of their true meaning. These concepts are suggestion And self-hypnosis.

What, in essence, is suggestion? We could define this concept as "the process of introducing a certain thought into the brain of another person." But does such a process really exist? Essentially speaking, no. As independent process suggestion does not exist: its most necessary prerequisite, without which it is generally unthinkable, is that it should turn into self-hypnosis. We define the last concept as "the introduction of a certain thought by ourselves into ourselves." We can make a suggestion to a person, but if the unconscious “I” of this person does not accept the suggestion, if it does not, so to speak, “digest” him, turning him into self-hypnosis, then suggestion, as such, will not achieve the slightest result.

I have repeatedly had to inspire the simplest and most ordinary thoughts to people who are usually very easily suggestible, and all my efforts were fruitless. This is explained by the fact that the unconscious "I" in these cases refused to accept the suggestion and did not turn it into self-hypnosis.

The use of autosuggestion

I have already pointed out that we can master and learn to control the imagination, just like directing a turbulent stream into a calm channel or taming a wild horse. To do this, it is necessary, firstly, to make sure that this is possible (in fact, almost no one knows this), and secondly, to find out a way how to implement it in reality. This method is extremely simple. Without wanting or noticing it ourselves, quite unconsciously, we use it every day from our very birth. Unfortunately, however, we often use it incorrectly and at the same time to our own detriment. This method is nothing but self-hypnosis.

Instead of perceiving, as usual, unconscious autosuggestion, it is necessary to use conscious autosuggestion. This is done in the following way. First, you should carefully consider the object of the alleged autosuggestion and only then, depending on certain arguments of the mind, repeat several times, without thinking about anything extraneous: “It will come true or, on the contrary, it will pass, it will be so or it will not be .. .” etc. If our unconscious “I” perceives this suggestion, i.e., turns it into self-suggestion, then the suggested idea will be realized with literal accuracy.

In this understanding self-hypnosis matches what I mean by hypnotism, which I define in the simplest way as the influence of imagination on the mental and physical nature of a person.

The influence is undeniable. In order not to return to previous examples, I will give a few others.

If you convince yourself that you can do anything on your own possible- then you will do it, no matter how difficult it is for you. If, on the contrary, you imagine that you cannot do the simplest thing, then you will really be unable to do it, and the most insignificant hillock will seem to you an insurmountable mountain peak.

We observe this phenomenon in neurasthenics: considering themselves incapable of the slightest effort, they really very often cannot walk even ten steps without experiencing a feeling of unbearable fatigue.

Such neurasthenics, when trying to get out of the heavy and depressed state that possesses them, sink more and more into it, just like drowning people who, trying to save their lives and swim to the surface of the water, with each such effort sink deeper and deeper into the water. bottom.

The situation is exactly the same with any pain sensation: it is enough for a person to imagine that the pain he is experiencing passes, as he really feels that it gradually disappears; and, conversely, just the idea of ​​pain is enough to actually feel it.

I know people who predict in advance that on such and such a day, under such and such conditions, they will get a headache. And indeed, on the appointed day, under the specified conditions, they get a migraine. They themselves caused this pain, while others have the ability - with the help of conscious self-hypnosis- Eliminate any pain.

I am well aware that one can easily pass for a madman when one expresses thoughts that contradict firmly established views. But all the same - even at the risk of such a sentence, I nevertheless affirm: very many people are sick physically or mentally only because they imagine his illness, whether bodily or mental. Many are completely unable to walk, while they have not the slightest organic damage: their inability to walk is due solely to the fact that they imagine as if they were paralyzed. It is precisely such patients who most quickly achieve amazing success and complete healing.

There are many people who are happy or unhappy just because they present themselves happy or unhappy: out of two people who are in completely equal conditions, one can feel immensely happy, the other is hopelessly unhappy.

Neurasthenia, stuttering, various phobias, kleptomania, certain types of paralysis, etc., are nothing but the results of the influence of the unconscious "I" on our bodily and mental existence.

But if the unconscious "I" is the source of much of our suffering, then it, on the other hand, can also contribute to our healing from physical and mental ailments. At the same time, it is able not only to eliminate the evil generated by itself, but also to heal real, real diseases - its power over our body is so great.

Try to retire in your room, sit back comfortably in a chair, close your eyes so as not to be distracted by anything extraneous and think for a few seconds only about one thing: “So-and-so passes,” or “So-and-so will come now.” ".

If this really results in auto-suggestion - in other words, if your unconscious "I" assimilates the thought that you tried to introduce into it, then you will immediately, to your surprise, be convinced that this thought has really turned into reality. (An essential feature of thoughts perceived by auto-suggestion is that they live in us imperceptibly for ourselves and that we learn about their existence only on the basis of the external manifestations that they cause). In this case, however, it is necessary to observe an extremely important and essential rule: the use of self-hypnosis must be done without any participation of the will. For if the will is in conflict with the imagination, if you think: "I want this and that to happen," while your imagination says: "However much you want it, it still won't happen. ”, - then as a result you will not only not achieve what you want, but you will get a completely opposite effect.

This rule is of decisive importance and explains to us why the treatment of mental illnesses achieves such insignificant results when its efforts are directed mainly to re-education will. The latter must be replaced upbringing, development imagination; it is precisely because of this feature that my method achieves successful results also in those cases in which other, very common methods of treatment fail.

Numerous observations, which I made every day for twenty years, and which I always tried to study in the most careful way, led me to the following conclusions, which I express in the form of laws:

1. In the conflict between will and imagination in all without exception, cases the latter wins.

2. In the conflict between will and imagination, the power of imagination directly proportional to the square willpower.

3. If there is no disagreement between the will and the imagination, and they are directed in the same direction, then the resultant force is not the sum, but the product of both energies.

4. Imagination is available to influence and control.

(The expressions: “directly proportional to the square of willpower” and “the product of both energies” should not be taken literally. They should only illustrate the expressed idea more clearly).

From my words one could conclude that no man should be sick. In essence, it is so. Almost without exception disease can be eliminated with help self-hypnosis. This statement of mine sounds, however, very bold and hardly plausible. But I'm not saying that all diseases always eliminated; I only claim that they may be eliminated. This, of course, is a big and significant difference.

In order, however, that people may apply conscious self-hypnosis, they need to be shown how to do it, no matter how children are taught to read and write, how music is taught, etc.

As I said above, self-hypnosis is a tool inherent in us from birth. We play with it throughout our lives, just like a child with a toy. Meanwhile, this tool is dangerous: with careless, unconscious use, it can seriously injure and even kill a person.

And vice versa, when conscious when used, it becomes a lifesaver. The same thing can be said about him that Aesop said about our ability to speak: "This is the best and at the same time the worst thing in the world."

Later I will try to show how each person can experience for himself the beneficial effect of a consciously applied self-hypnosis.

When I say “every person,” I am, in fact, exaggerating a little, because there are two categories of people in whom conscious autosuggestion is achieved with great difficulty:

a) mentally retarded, unable to understand what they are told, and

b) people who do not want to understand.

The power of hypnosis is talked about a lot and many are afraid of falling under such psychological influence. Hypnosis is a specific technique of manipulation and suggestion. Not all individuals are susceptible to such influence: suggestibility depends on many factors.

Hypnosis is a specific technique of manipulation and suggestion.

The technique of suggestion and hypnosis consists of a long preparation: it is necessary to learn human psychology, to learn suggestion and verbal influence. Knowing the mechanism of influence on a person's consciousness will allow you to inspire him with anything. This technique is useful for the treatment of diseases, phobias, bad habits.

Definition

Hypnosis is a state of altered reality. A hypnotist who puts a person into a trance performs certain manipulations: he influences the psyche and makes the person disconnect from the outside world. To introduce hypnosis, you need to take a certain position and perform sequential actions. These are not magical rituals, but a scientific approach.

Secret techniques of hypnosis are also used for medicinal purposes, when the introduction of a patient into a trance state is the only possible variant rid him of psychological problems.

In this state, the patient is defenseless - he is malleable and you can inspire him with any installation. Waking up after the suggestion, he does not question the new settings. Subconsciously, this attitude is not unnatural. Therefore, hypnosis helps to get rid of bad habits (stop drinking or smoking).

Hypnosis Helps You Quit Smoking

Basic techniques

The technique of hypnosis, as it is also called “suggestion in reality,” introduces a person into a state where all his senses are heightened. In trance, telepathic abilities are manifested. At this moment, the information immediately enters the subconscious, bypassing consciousness with its doubts and logical rethinking.

There are three main ways to influence a person:

• hypnosis;
• suggestion;
• belief.

Hypnosis is an influence during which motor skills are preserved and attention is concentrated. At its core, this influence allows you to disconnect from the noise, distracting little things and minor events taking place around.

The theory of hypnosis allows us to conditionally divide the methods of psychoregulation into heteroregulation (influence from another person) and autoregulation (self-regulation, a certain mood and suggestion without outside influence). Each of these methods is divided into verbal and non-verbal. Each technique of hypnosis, if the whole theory of correct influence is observed, involves a hardware, contact and non-contact method of influence. Hypnosis is a complex process that cannot be learned in one day.

Profession hypnotist

Anyone who is ready to take responsibility can master the technique of hypnosis. But there are also certain limitations. Not suitable for the role of a hypnotist:

• doctor with bad habits(drinker, smoker);
• insincere personality;
• a person with a mental disorder.

The hypnotist is a guide. He must be open-minded and careful. Drinking alcohol or smoking distorts his own perception, so addictions must be abandoned. The clarity of the hypnotist's mind must not be allowed to be distorted by psychotropic drugs. Even a cup of coffee drunk before a session affects excitability nervous system.

Only a responsible, healthy (physically and psychologically) person who knows the techniques of hypnosis, suggestion, verbal and tactile techniques can become a hypnotist.

Only a responsible, healthy (physically and psychologically) person can become a hypnotist

Features of influence

There are well-suggestible people and those who are difficult to hypnosis. However, recent studies have shown that all people are amenable to hypnosis - only for someone it is necessary to select individual methods of influence. The pliability of the personality, the belief in the power of hypnosis, play a significant, though not decisive, role in how quickly a person enters a trance state.

Conventionally, individuals are divided into 3 types:

• somnambulists are malleable, highly suggestible and receptive;
• persistent subjects - skeptics and strong personalities;
• intermediate people.

With the right approach, everyone enters a trance state. Suggestibility (the main criterion for selecting people for hypnotic influence) is the ability of a person to change their own behavior under the influence of other people's words. Suggestibility directly depends on the state of the nervous system, and not on innate qualities.

The degree of suggestibility depends on a number of factors: age, gender, upbringing. Skeptics resist suggestion, their overreaction due to beliefs that make it impossible to accept the possibility that hypnosis can work.

It is difficult to put into a state of trance people with mental illness, because. they have a distorted perception of themselves and the world around them.

It is difficult to put people with mental illness into a trance state.

The principle of suggestion

The technique of suggestion is based on the perception of the personality, on its susceptibility. Without them, the patient is difficult to hypnosis: internal resistance does not allow you to completely immerse yourself in a trance. A stimulus directed to the brain by hypnotic influence is not fully perceived if there is no subconscious setting. Suggestion depends on the return of the patient, on his mood and expectations.

The practice of modern hypnosis involves specially created conditions that help to tune the suggestible personality. It is important which method of suggestion is used. Verbal suggestion involves only verbal persuasion. The non-verbal practice of hypnosis consists of tactile contacts and wordless influence on the hypnotized.

Verbal

Verbal suggestion is the most common safe hypnosis technique. It operates at a considerable distance and does not require direct contact with a person.

This technique is divided into:

• straight;
• indirect;
• open.

With the direct method, a person knows about the intentions of the hypnotist, the motives and messages are clear. Before manipulation, the doctor explains to the patient what stages of hypnosis await him and how they will affect his behavior. An example of direct suggestion is surgical operations under hypnosis and without anesthesia.

The second technique involves partial awareness of the patient. He knows that he will be manipulated, and that the overall outcome depends on his attitude. The suggested person does not know about the rest. The indirect method helps when the patient avoids treatment, when his psychological attitudes resist treatment. The patient knows about the treatment, but does not know about its ultimate goal.

The last technique is mobilizing suggestion (open). A person is given blurry frames, the appearance of a choice. The appearance of one's own control allows one to instill desired settings, but with his submission. The patient is sure that he made the decision on his own, without outside help.

non-verbal

Non-verbal forms of suggestion include gestures, intonation, tone, sounds, and tactile contact. For non-verbal methods, influence is characterized by unconsciousness - a person can use the technique for their own purposes without clear meaningfulness.

Common types of non-verbal suggestion:

• catalepsy;
• pause;
• levitation.

Catalepsy is a phenomenon in human behavior that manifests itself in copying the body position of another person.

Distinguish catalepsy of the whole body or its individual parts. This method of non-verbal suggestion is rarely used. Usually for medical purposes where it is difficult to calm or immobilize the patient. Pauses, as a form of non-verbal suggestion, are used to reinforce a particular setting.

Non-verbal method - levitation, involves self-hypnosis, when a person is guided by his own imagination. In such cases, the direct intervention of the hypnotist is not always necessary. Self-hypnosis helps a person experience a feeling of lightness, get rid of heavy thoughts and experiences.

Levitation is self-hypnosis, when a person is guided by his own imagination. Gives a welcome feeling of lightness

Process steps

The state of concentration and relaxation suggests a slight trance. This is a deepening, concentration of attention and distraction from what only interferes. Self-hypnosis is based on the ability of a person to go into a trance to relax. This is how meditation or practicing certain types of yoga is based.

To immerse a person in an unconscious state, calm conditions are necessary, it is best when the sessions are held alone with the doctor. The hypnotist uses verbal and non-verbal suggestion to induce trance without risk to the health of the individual.

A state of trance

The trance state is important for hypnosis. These are certain conditions in which a person can stay. To get a good effect from hypnosis, you must:

• sit in a comfortable position - lying or sitting;
• calm down, tune in and concentrate on inner experiences;
• breathe calmly and measuredly. You need to concentrate on inhaling, and on exhaling, relax the whole body;
• after complete relaxation, the hypnotist begins the session - he intensifies the trance with calm monotonous speech or any object that allows you to concentrate.

Trance is a special state of the hypnotized. It reduces defensive reactions and allows you to increase attention. As soon as a person relaxes, he will be able to perceive information in a different way.

The patient should not worry about the negative aspects of trance, perceive the technique as harm to the individual. A hypnotist, an experienced doctor is a guarantee that the state of trance will benefit and not harm.

hypnotic state

The second stage of the session is hypnosis. The methods of influencing the psyche are combined into 2 large groups: the impact on the analyzers (with the help of monotonous stimuli) and shock techniques. Fixation of an object is the simplest and safest method of introducing a patient into hypnosis. The suggestible personality is given a command to concentrate on an object that either rotates or moves cyclically. The distance to the eyes of the hypnotized person should be no more than 25 cm.

After the patient has fully concentrated on the subject, the hypnotist conducts a series of necessary suggestions. Gradually, a feeling of relaxation, sleepiness and complete immersion in sleep is instilled. Under the influence of verbal formulations, the personality is completely disconnected from external environment. For people who resist, a counting technique from 1 to 10 is used, which signals the brain to shut down. Verbal suggestion is used when the patient cannot concentrate on a physical object.

Radical methods include the Charcot technique: the patient is put into a trance while standing, and the doctor controls the position of his head (verbal suggestion is used in parallel). After introducing the patient into a trance, the doctor shakes him. At the stage of the final suggestion, the doctor makes a sharp pop. This technique is used for hypnosis of individuals with mental disorders.

The power of the gaze

American tourists John Gelfreich and Otto Buteshude traveled through the jungles of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Having spent the night somehow on the bank of the Xingu River, in the morning they began to prepare breakfast. Buteshude went for water. He did not appear for a long time, and Gelfreich went to look for a comrade. He found him near the water. Otto walked slowly towards the thick bushes, his movements were like those of a robot, his head motionlessly directed towards the thickets. Following the direction of his gaze, Gelfreich saw the head of a snake sticking out of the bush. John's reaction was lightning fast: with a shot from a pistol, he killed a reptile. Otto suddenly started and laughed nervously. Later he said: by the water he felt someone’s eyes on him, but he doesn’t remember what happened next.

I remember one picture seen by the author in childhood: in the zoo - a boa constrictor feeding. A mouse was released into the terrarium. The boa constrictor stared at her without blinking. The mouse became numb, and then slowly began to move straight into the mouth of the boa constrictor. At the same time, the hind legs pushed it forward, and the front legs rested. Unforgettable in its drama spectacle!

Both cases described show that one's own gaze can subjugate both a person and an animal, impose certain actions on them.

Gaze

In the business world, a closer look finds practical use. The president of McDonald's fast food chain said: “Our restaurants in Moscow feed fifty thousand people every day. And we give individual attention to each visitor. We say to him, looking into his eyes: "Come to us again."

The story told earlier about how Senator Robert Kennedy greeted shows that politicians also skillfully use gaze to suggest attraction to oneself.

Magic look

Around direct gaze a mystical halo has long been formed. It is even called the “magic look”. Naturally, there are learning recipes. Igor Vostokov tells about one of them in his book “Secrets of Healers of the East”.

“Take a typewritten sheet and in the center of it draw in ink or black ink a circle the size of a two-kopeck coin (1.5 cm).

Hang this sheet at a distance of 2-2.5 m from you and for 15 minutes continuously and without blinking look at this black circle (the circle must be shaded in black).

By doing this daily, you will develop a “magic look” in yourself. If a woman, for example, looks at a man with such a look in order to bewitch him to herself, then he will forever become hers.

Another way is with a mirror. Slightly relaxing the muscles of the face, look at your reflection. Look into your eyes or the bridge of your nose. Avoiding frequent mania, look at the point for 20-25 seconds.

In everyday life, a gaze should not be abused, because people under it begin to get nervous. Usually, during a conversation, it is customary to periodically look away so as not to embarrass.

If you want to unbalance the interlocutor, choose a weak spot on his body or clothes (for example, crooked legs, bad teeth, dirty nails, uncleaned shoes, a stain, fly, etc.) and stare intently there. Your interlocutor will immediately become nervous. Well, if you, in addition, portray a barely noticeable caustic smile and arrogantly throw your head back, then only a very reserved person will be able to maintain composure. A distracted or directed past the eyes of the interlocutor (at the ear, forehead, chin, lips) will do the same, but in a more delicate and gentle form.

word suggestion

Words are the main tool of suggestion. Visual techniques are auxiliary, facilitating the achievement of the goal. The crushing power of the tongue is reflected in the Epistle of James (3:5, 6, 8):

So the tongue is a small member, but it does a lot ...

Language is fire, embellishment of untruth...

It is an unstoppable evil: it is full of deadly poison.

Since ancient times, it has been known that the treatment of the body and soul of a person rests on three foundations: a knife, grass and a word. The knife is used in surgery; the use of herbs led to the emergence of medicines; the word is the main "tool of labor" of the psychologist and psychotherapist. But not only them. good doctor- one whose visit already alleviates the patient's condition.

Elderly people complain that doctors now have no time even to listen to the patient properly. Doctors, who find the opportunity to patiently listen to complaints, encourage, inspire hope for improvement, enjoy the greatest respect among this contingent.

“The word kills” - quite rightly stated in the proverb. This is exactly what often happened when a sorcerer cast a spell on a particular person, piercing his image with a sharp object, and by the appointed time the person really fell ill and died. Some mothers still believe that the “evil eye” can harm their child. In such cases, we are dealing with mechanisms of direct or indirect suggestion.

direct suggestion

It is directly related to the speech of the influencing person. As an example of direct suggestion, let us recall the case of the death of a patient described by us earlier immediately after the death of the specialist who treated her, who “calmed” her with the words: “You will die after me.”

indirect suggestion

With indirect suggestion, some intermediate action or stimulus is used to enhance its effect (for example, pierce with a nail or burn the image of a person on whom a spell has been cast). Often, indirect suggestion is more effective than direct one, because it does not act “on the forehead” and therefore does not cause internal resistance in the suggested.

Let us illustrate the power of indirect suggestion with the data of three experiments. In one of them, conducted in a psychiatric clinic in the United States, patients were divided into two groups: the first underwent psychotherapy for six months, while the second was awaiting treatment at that time. When the results were compared, it turned out that the percentage of improvement was the same in both groups. The hope of a cure was equal to the cure itself.

In another experiment, patients with neurosis were given sugar pills (completely useless in terms of treatment) instead of drugs, with the assurance that they would "help in the same way as other drugs." A group of fourteen people took sugar pills three times a day for a week, after which thirteen patients improved on all criteria ...

A similar effect is widely known in medicine under the name "placebo effect" (that is, pacifiers).

In the third experiment, two groups of students with psychological problems. Professional psychologists and psychiatrists worked on one side, and college teachers who were popular with students on the other. These teachers had to say everything that came to mind in the process of work, with the aim of “helping”. Similar sessions were held 2-3 times a week for three months. The percentage of improvement was the same in both groups.

Suggestibility

It is purely individual for each person. You can determine the level of suggestibility with the help of special tests, they are called “samples”. These tests are necessarily carried out by hypnotists, selecting for themselves the appropriate “material” for the session.

But before giving a description of these trials, let us express some information about suggestibility as such. When suggesting, they appeal mainly to the feelings of the listener and count on an uncritical perception of information. Therefore, children are the most suggestible. Since women tend to be much more emotional than men, it is they who are more amenable to suggestion.

Less educated people are easier to suggest, as well as those who are accustomed to do what the boss orders in the service.

In general, activities related to the fulfillment of orders and requirements (soldiers, athletes, party functionaries) develop suggestibility.

Fatigue and stress also increase it.

Alcoholics and drug addicts are even more suggestible. Easily suggestible crowd. She has "many heads, but few brains."

The more massive the audience of listeners, the more weak-willed and suggestible it is. It is difficult to say to the first: “But the king is naked!” And, since everyone is silent, the illusion is created that everyone is in favor. The ideologues of totalitarian political systems used this phenomenon to simulate "support" for their decisions. So it turned out: each individually - "against", and all together - "for".

"Fight fire with fire"

One poorly educated woman inspired herself that a real toad settled in her stomach: as if, after drinking water from a pond, she swallowed its embryo, which grew and now does not allow the poor woman to breathe.

No arguments could convince her of the absurdity of these statements. And she went to a well-known doctor, who practiced privately, with a request to “drive out” the toad: he, after talking with her, understood what was the matter, and did not argue, but appointed the next day an “operation to extract” the damned creature. He told the woman to eat more all this time. He himself asked the neighbor boys to catch a toad for him for a decent reward. Soon the captured creature was already languishing in the bank.

The “operation” consisted in the fact that the doctor gave the patient a strong emetic and sat her down over the large pelvis. A long exhausting vomiting dulled the sufferer's vigilance, and a toad was placed in her pelvis, unnoticed by her.

Seeing her, the patient exclaimed: “Here! I told you! Doctor, you saved me. I am so relieved now!”

suggestion mechanism

When suggesting, the effect on a person is built in such a way that first a strong excitation is caused in a limited area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe brain with simultaneous inhibition in the rest of it, and then a purposeful discharge is performed, which fixes the suggestible thought in the mind.

Tests for suggestibility

Braid's welcome. The subject focuses his gaze on a shiny object presented to him (a metal ball, the tip of a medical hammer, etc.), fixed opposite and slightly above his bridge of the nose (for stronger eye muscle tension). After a long concentration of attention, fatigue of the visual analyzer and sleep may occur.

Receptions of Coué and Baudouin.

First experience: a standing person is offered to stay straight so that his heels are his main support; you can also ask to throw back your head. This is a position of unstable equilibrium in which any push will lead to a fall. At the same time, it is calmly but firmly suggested: “You are falling back, you are being pulled back, you are already falling, falling ...” Most people do fall, so the hypnotist must stand behind the person in order to catch him in time. To enhance the effect of the test with the palm located opposite the forehead, you can slightly push the patient or, touching the back of his head with the palm of your hand, gradually move your hand back, which also causes an imbalance in the body. If the test worked, then the person begins to experience much more “respect” and trust in relation to the hypnotist, which will subsequently have a positive effect on the results of the session itself.

Second experience: the subject is placed in front of the hypnotist; the center of gravity of the body this time is shifted to the toes. Both look at each other, into the eyes (experienced specialists, in order to less tire their eyesight, look at the bridge of the nose). Then the person conducting the test stretches his palms forward so as to reach the temples of the ward, and says: “You are already falling, falling ...” When performing this technique, you can touch the temples of the subject (the fingers should be cold).

Carrying out such techniques requires compliance with certain rules that ensure the physical safety of the subject: he must be without glasses; you need to remove nearby objects with sharp corners; the hypnotist must have sufficient strength to hold the person in the event of a fall.

Third experience: the subject is given a thread with a heavy object at the end, they are offered to close their eyes and persistently think about the circle. Very soon the pendulum begins to describe circular motions. If the patient is told to think about an oval, then the pendulum begins to rotate along an oval trajectory. So the “device” by which “negative energy” is determined has its predecessor, but in a completely different field of application.

“Healing” accessories

There is widespread belief in medicinal properties magnetic (and other) bracelets, plates, earrings, amulets, talismans. Remember "Keep me, my talisman"?

Impressive results in the 18th century were achieved by the Viennese doctor F. Mesmer. At first, he was sure that the magnet helped to cure various ailments, and achieved excellent results by applying a horseshoe-shaped magnet to the diseased organ of the patient. In the future, Mesmer magnetized various objects with which the patients subsequently came into contact. He "charged" the water in which the patients bathed, the dishes they used, the beds in which they slept. “Magnetic energy” was collected even in special accumulators, from which sufferers subsequently “scooped” it during wellness procedures.

Subsequently, F. Mesmer came to the conclusion about the absence of a certain healing force in the magnet - “fluid”. Frankly admitting his delusions, he focused his attention on the study of "nerve currents" in the human body itself, which can be strengthened through suggestion.

The doctor repented of his past delusions, which cannot be said about many modern “magicians” who continue to allegedly “charge” creams, ointments, newspapers, magazines and mislead millions of people (this issue will be discussed in more detail below). There seems to be an outward resemblance to some psychotherapeutic procedures (recall the “placebo effect”), however, the mass character, lack of spirituality and the pronounced commercial background of all these procedures do not allow treating the authors with respect.

traditional healers

Believing in something better really leads to something better happening. Experienced healers are characterized by skillful observance and subtle use of these psychological patterns. Well-composed folk conspiracies for various diseases have much in common with the suggestions adopted in modern psychotherapy. They begin, as a rule, with the psychological setting of the patient to “receive” the impact, then the main part follows - the actual suggestion with the requirement to “drive the disease out” from the human body. The use of various figurative representations in this part of the conspiracy (“I drive the disease of such and such into a rotten swamp, into loose sands ...”) allows you to more fully involve various perception systems (visual, kinesthetic, etc.), strengthen and consolidate suggestion. In the final part, phrases can be pronounced with the aim of prolonging the conspiracy in the future, thereby contributing to the deployment of healing processes in the patient's body.

Religious beliefs

The positive influence that faith in God has on people is based on similar principles. Believers see in the image of God an inexhaustible source of love and kindness and, as it were, draw energy from this well. In fact, energy is replenished by each of its own reserves. Simply with the help of faith in God, it is easier to get “access keys”, since God, in the view of believers, is an ideal, omnipotent and “energetically inexhaustible” being (in contrast to religious ideas about a person as a being, often sinful and weak).

This is the ingenious find of the founding fathers of the doctrines of God (Christ, Mohammed, Buddha) - to create the opportunity to draw from one's own source, thinking that they are taking from the divine. How not to remember: God is within us.

Another find - a suggestion about the insignificance of man - allows the holy fathers to lead the flock on behalf of God.

Suggestibility natural and situational

We have seen that suggestibility is an individual trait and varies widely. It is given to each by nature, upbringing, education, life experience. Let's call it natural suggestibility for brevity.

Suggestibility is not a constant. It is influenced by the environment and the momentary state of the person.
It is known that in a crowd a person is more suggestible. The same is true of stress. Panic (that is, hypertrophied feelings of fear) often flares up precisely in the crowd: firstly, due to the effect of mental infection, and secondly, under the influence of stress, which often occurs due to minor danger. Under the pressure of group opinion, participants are more likely to agree with the judgment suggested to them.

Thus, it is possible to create an environment in which suggestibility as a reaction to the situation (that is, situational suggestibility) will increase dramatically.

Suggestion (and any other control action) largely depends on “background support”, that is, from the psychological state of the interlocutors and the surrounding background. In this regard, a number of background states can be distinguished.

Relaxation

The simplest and most reliable background for a conversation is muscular relaxation(relaxation). Its essence lies in the fact that during relaxation, the human cerebral cortex is to a certain extent freed from side effects and prepared for speech perception. This happens best when the interviewers are in a comfortable environment and sit in a relaxed position facing each other (on the couch, at the coffee table). This is facilitated by soft and dim light, comfortable furniture, the absence of strong sounds and the availability of sufficient time. The poses of the interlocutors should be natural. A special case of relaxation is a state of trance in the addressee of the impact.

suspense

The figure bent over the table, bent legs, wandering eyes, wrinkles on the forehead and vertical wrinkles on the bridge of the nose indicate tense state. Emotional tension also enhances the perception of the speaker's ideas. In this case, of course, the methods of suggestion for these two states will be different.

An outstanding master of creating tense expectation among the audience was the American film director A. Hitchcock. He proceeded from the rule: it is not the shot itself that is terrible, but the expectation of it. In the "horror films" staged by this master, there are very few crimes (compared especially with current action films), but the director kept the audience in a state of intense expectation for so long that it shocked them more than bloody murders.

"Explosion"

In psychology, this technique is known as an instant personality restructuring under the influence of strong emotional experiences. The phenomenon of "explosion" is described in detail in fiction(re-education of Jean Valjean, the hero of the novel by V. Hugo "Les Misérables"). Scientific rationale methods of "explosion" were given by the outstanding teacher A. S. Makarenko.

The use of "explosion" requires the creation of a special environment in which feelings would arise that could amaze a person with their unexpectedness and unusualness. In such an environment, a collision of nervous processes occurs in a person. An unexpected stimulus (spectacle, information, etc.) causes confusion in him. This leads to a radical change in views on events, individuals and even the world as a whole. For example, information about the infidelity of one of the spouses in "prosperous" families can lead the other to the brink of disaster. In families where infidelity is regarded as a prank, this does not happen.

Says the master of vocational school. He had a student in his group who, with his antics, exhausted the soul of the teachers.

Of course, the master was especially hard hit - both from the administration, and from fellow teachers, and from the parents of the affected students.

There was no control over this fool. And then one day, after some especially vile trick of his, the master found him in the boiler room. Blood rushed to his head, his rage was so great that, having lost all self-control, the master grabbed the teenager and dragged him to the firebox, shouting: “That's it, bastard, say goodbye to life. I have no more strength! I’ll go to court, but I’ll save everyone from such a reptile!!”

The teenager turned white, broke out in a cold sweat and screamed: “Don't! No need! I won't do it again! Sorry! Aaa!”

Throwing him to the ground, the master ran out.

Since the teenager was replaced, he no longer did dirty tricks.

"Scene"

In contrast to the spontaneous "explosion" "scene" can be produced intentionally. André Maurois said: "The best scenes are created deliberately and with great skill." As an example, let us cite one story from the time of the Napoleonic campaigns. Lyonne, one of the marshals of Napoleon's army, had a certain "strangeness". Being a very even and self-possessed man, he sometimes lost his temper in front of his subordinates, tore off his cocked hat, threw it on the ground and trampled it in a rage.

These outbursts of anger always happened at moments when it was necessary to move subordinates to a difficult decision.

And only the batman noticed such a pattern - every time the day before, the marshal told him: "Jacques, bring my old cocked hat." The marshal was from the common people and could not trample on an expensive headdress. No wonder they say: "The best impromptu is the one that is well prepared."

These plots demonstrate the effectiveness of persuasive actions that combine the techniques of “suspense” and “explosion”.

Identification

If the interlocutor does not show any obvious signs of relaxation or tension, then mutual understanding with him can be achieved against the background of identification, that is, on the idea of ​​mutual experience of some circumstances.

It is known that people who have a certain commonality among themselves are more likely to like each other. Thus, a doctor with a doctor, a merchant with a merchant, an engineer with an engineer, and so on. find common ground faster. And if they also have a certain common destiny, then the achievement of attraction will be even more accelerated. For most people, a fellow sufferer (the same illness, common grief, etc.) becomes closer. One of the reasons for the resounding success of Anatoly Kashpirovsky's television shows was the identification of those who wanted to get rid of their illnesses with those lucky ones who were already lucky: “If they are, then why not me”?

Telesessions of A. M. Kashpirovsky

The name of Anatoly Mikhailovich Kashpirovsky in the recent past was on the lips of many. And almost everyone watched his TV shows.

The success of this talented psychotherapist, which caused controversy in medical circles, was the result of a combination of several factors.

The main role was played by his chosen method of influencing the audience, very similar to that which in psychotherapy is named after two scientists - Kretschmer and Erickson. The technology of the method lies in the absence of “direct” pressure on the participants in the session. The therapist "knits a mesh of words" and only intermittently inserts a phrase whose content is a direct suggestion. Against the background of “indifferent” stimuli, such a phrase works with particular force, since the listeners get the impression of a joint involvement with the psychotherapist in the treatment process. Here is a good example of one of the variants of hypnotic influence according to this method (sentences representing direct suggestion are in bold in the text).

“You can do what you want: sit or move, you can listen to me or not, you can keep your eyes closed or open. Sit comfortably in a chair and relax. You can think about something pleasant, remember pleasant events from your life. You can ignore me at all. Treatment has already begun. you can sleep; if you don't want to, don't sleep but your eyelids are heavy. The reserves of your body are endless. It is not the doctor's power that works, but your own abilities. You are now relaxed, your breathing is even, your heart is beating evenly and calmly. I do not impose anything on you, I do not inspire anything. You yourself will choose from my words everything that you need. But the environment does not bother you anymore; it faded into the background, dissolved. You can take a break from my words for a while, imagine yourself on the seashore. The sun pleasantly warms you, your body is warm and heavy. You don't have to sleep, but it's so nice. You just want to relax and sleep.”

This method, suitable external data and competent construction of the session helped many viewers to activate the internal reserves of the body, which we have already talked about. First of all, easily suggestible and emotional people were able to do this. The main number of "healings" falls on their share.

During the televised sessions, high numbers of cures for various diseases were cited. Although in relation to the total number of possible viewers, this percentage is small, but the figure strengthened faith in Anatoly Mikhailovich. First, he confidently held himself in front of the TV cameras, while managing to retain the external accessories of the hypnotist: the appropriate look, posture, gestures, voice timbre, intonation. Secondly, the vast majority of the population did not know anything at all about the work of psychotherapists, so many television sessions were perceived as a “magical action”, which, of course, increased their effect. Thirdly, the unusual behavior of some people in the hall had a considerable indirect effect on the perception of the audience. As the cameramen showed, some turned their heads, others waved their arms, others slowly, as if dancing, moved around the hall. Such actions of easily suggestible spectators due to their boundless faith in the possibilities of A. Kashpirovsky caused the so-called induction among those present, infecting them with the same feelings.

Sessions by A. Chumak

In the light of the foregoing, the effects that A. Chumak achieved by “charging” water, cream, ointments, newspapers and magazines are easily explained. Of course, it wasn't the objects that were "charged", the minds of the viewers were "charged". Those who had increased suggestibility and ardently believed in A. Chumak received positive changes in their state of health, since “charged” objects brought a pronounced “placebo effect”.

Those who treated the “recharging” procedure (or A. Chumak himself) sharply negatively received evidence of the harm of such sessions through self-hypnosis. In both cases, the mechanism of influence was the same and was inside the people themselves, and their fierce disputes only created good publicity for A. Chumak.

Psychics

The influx of sorcerers, magicians and psychics that followed the speeches of A. Kashpirovsky was, in fact, a perversion of the foundations of scientific psychology and psychotherapy, since it was based on the elementary illiteracy of people and their habit of creating another idol.

Minsk psychologist Leonid Levit gives the following advice to overly gullible people: “When meeting with another psychic, ask him some specific question (for example, what tooth do you have a crown on or what did you hurt in childhood) and carefully observe the reaction of the interlocutor. Much will become clear to you in the first few seconds. If you are more embarrassed by the situation of exposing such a “healer” than he is, then at least do not trust him with your personality and your health - the most precious thing you have.

About the dangers and benefits of swearing

From time to time one has to come across statements that plants “feel” when they are going to “do something bad”, “understand” the words that portend danger to them.

Does the word have a similar physical force? Linguists from the Moscow Research Institute of Linguistics, together with biologists, finally decided to answer this question and conducted an experiment on plants. Arabidopsis, which acts as a guinea pig in botany, was cursed. The Evil Fury was replaced by a wave generator, which increased the emotional intensity of ordinary words to the stage of white heat. It turned out that in terms of the strength of the impact, swearing was compared with powerful radiation: DNA chains broke, chromosomes broke up and genes got mixed up. Most of the seeds died, and those that survived mutated. The most interesting thing is that the result did not depend on the sound volume at all. I immediately remembered the sorcerers who whisper their conspiracies.

There has long been a belief among the people: an envious, evil person with a bad word can cause harm. For such, they even composed a saying: “Pip on your tongue!”.

If swearing has such a power that even unconscious plants can catch it, then the question arises: what role do swearing have on human health?

The fact that they bring harm to the one they fall upon is clear. It is no coincidence that we react painfully to abuse addressed to us. And for the health of the cursing themselves?

Not so long ago, linguists found an “ideal” society - these are the Himalayan Sherpas: they have forbidden fights, murders, violence, swearing. However, as it turned out, this seemingly prosperous nation is the most uncomfortable in the world. Sherpas are like a bomb ready to explode. Once a year, they are allowed to cross the line of what is permitted in the language in competitions in rhetoric, and this turns into many days of bloody brawls.

It turns out that swear words are a valve through which the body gets rid of destructive energy.

We need obscene and swear words like milk to a growing organism. Without profanity, our energy would burn us from the inside. The Institute of Linguistics advised: if you want to swear, then it’s better not to hold back, but to bury yourself in a corner or fence so as not to spray harmful waves, and swear hard. And for the offenders, you need to keep the formula at the ready: “I wish you the same.” Harmless to others, but in fact - "tit for tat". But we must remember that curses have feedback: the one who pronounces them brings trouble on his own head.

Coding

It represents nothing more than a kind of directive suggestion, a command. If a person does not want to stop drinking, and his will resists the doctor's will, then there will be no effect from coding. Such a procedure helps, first of all, those people who really decide to “tie up”. In order to increase the level of suggestibility of patients before and during coding, various frightening “rituals” can be used. (Recall that in a state of nervous stress, a person's criticality to incoming information decreases and, accordingly, suggestibility increases.)

So, one resourceful psychotherapist put two hefty guys dressed in white coats at the door of the office in which coding took place. "Protection" drilled with the eyes of each visitor entering the office, creating a stressful state in him. At the end of the coding, the doctor therapeutic purpose Irrigated the patient's mouth with a blistering solution. When such a person with "foam at the mouth" left the office, it made a strong impression on those who were still waiting for their turn. Needless to say, the effect of coding was very great!

In developed countries, such directive methods in psychology and psychotherapy are now fading into the background, giving way to group psychotherapy and NLP (neuro-linguistic programming; read about it below). The reason is that in democratic states human freedom is one of the main values. In our country, entire generations have been brought up in such a way that they are ready (and even willing) to obey orders.

Suggestion via computer

In 1998, Japan was rocked by a scandal over showing cartoons for children. The alternation of bright red flashes led to the fact that the children lost their appetite, became withdrawn, irritable, some even ended up in the hospital with a diagnosis of “nervous exhaustion”. This cartoon was made on a computer.

“Bewitching” programs on computers appeared in the late 80s, when the first color monitors went on sale. One of the most popular programs of the time was written in the USA, called "Dazzle" and was installed on tens of thousands of computers. It is doubtful that its creators pursued any malicious goals. It was beautiful screensaver, which could decorate the interior while the computer was not working. Colored stripes ran across the screen, forming intricate patterns that never repeat. However, specialists in the psychophysical influence of “Dazzle” rather quickly improved it, streamlining the change of pictures, choosing the right one for them. color scheme and special music. The program began to hypnotize the viewer, put him into a trance.

“A friend gave me a floppy disk with this program, he only warned me not to turn it on at full capacity,” said Igor Serov, one of those who study the “side” effects of new computer programs. - I remember well my state when I sat down in a chair in front of the monitor and clicked on the “mouse”. At first, I didn’t seem to notice anything, and then it began to seem to me that a funnel appeared in the middle of the screen, the walls in the room began to bend, the floor began to sway, and there was a wild pain in my eyes. I found the strength in myself to reach the “Power” button with the toe of my boot and cut off the current.

Such programs achieve the desired result by combining video and audio effects, causing resonance at the alpha frequency of the brain. Such screensavers are called psionic. However, there is no evidence that such programs have caused anything more than temporary health problems.

How do psionic programs get into a computer? You can buy it on a tray that sells "left", that is, pirated discs. Now there are a lot of programs offering to turn them on and relax, rest, “know yourself”. What is really written on them and what effect can be when running these programs is unknown. But most likely, such programs can get onto your computer along with a virus. And it is this technology of transferring destructive software that will develop at a fantastic pace in the near future.

“I have not yet come across viruses that affect the psyche of someone who sits at a computer,” said Kirill Zhuchkov, manager of Kaspersky Lab. “However, lately, in the new generation of viruses, there has been a noticeable tendency not to destroy your programs, but to take control of what you do on your computer. For example, one of the most common viruses over the past month, Back Orifice, is engaged in removing passwords, addresses, technical specifications. And then those who sent the virus to you get full access to your computer and are able to immediately monitor what commands you are executing, what texts you are typing.

Quite naturally, following the desire to control your computer, secret programmers may also want to control you. The development of technology provides truly unlimited possibilities for this. Already in the first years of the new millennium, computers should appear that are not inferior to humans in terms of data processing speed and intelligence. Further building up of such abilities will go exponentially.

There are great prospects for zombifying those who work on a computer, especially those connected to the Internet.

G hypnosis and crime detection

One of the first Russian criminologists who used hypnosis to solve crimes was the famous detective Nikolai Petrovich Arkharov, who headed the Moscow police at the end of the 18th century. As contemporaries recalled, “It was enough for Arkharov to look into the eyes of the person caught in the crime for him to admit his guilt or swear innocence.” In a calm conversation, Arkharov even managed to talk to the prisoner Emelyan Pugachev, who until now had been silent in the dungeons of the secret political police.

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, the metropolitan police often turned to the famous Russian psychiatrist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev for advice. Using hypnosis and other techniques, Bekhterev gave conclusions about the sanity and character of the most dangerous murderers, rapists, swindlers and other criminals. Bekhterev collaborated with the "authorities" under the Soviet regime as well.

One of the best students of Bekhterev and part-time employee of the Special Department at the OGPU, engaged in secret developments in the field of secret sciences, was Alexander Vasilyevich Barchenko. In the 1920s, he made several secret trips to Siberia and Altai to get acquainted with the psychic abilities of shamans and Buddhist monks. Bit by bit, Barchenko also collected the secret knowledge of the Russian sects eunuchs, runners, whips, etc., who widely practiced hypnosis. He developed for the OGPU methods of psychological influence on the arrested, which were then used to prepare the trials of "enemies of the people" - with their public repentance. In 1937, Barchenko was arrested and shot, along with the head of the Special Department, Gleb Bokiy. And his archive was confiscated by the secret services and, according to information leaked to the press, was used for practical purposes until the 1990s.

Hypnosis crimes

There are many legends about hypnotist criminals. But few people know that all these stories are not just stories. A few years ago, the leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation created a unit at its research institute, which one would like to call the “department for combating hypnotism”. It includes several major hypnotist specialists who help operatives solve crimes related to the use of suggestion. Professor, Colonel of the Medical Service, Doctor of Medical Sciences Leonid Grimak works in this department as the chief researcher. And based on the materials of criminal cases, he wrote the book “Hypnosis and Crime”.

– Leonid Pavlovich, where did the idea of ​​creating your department come from?

- In the early 90s, many psychics appeared who claimed that they could find missing people, cars, solve murders. The Ministry of Internal Affairs instructed us to deal with them in order to understand whether it is possible to work with them seriously. And we gradually noticed amazing things. For example, in February 1993, one of the psychics (by the way, a senior police sergeant) managed to solve 16 crimes in a row. He came to the Yekaterinburg pre-trial detention center, and people under investigation were called to him. He looked at everyone and almost immediately began to describe in detail the circumstances of the crime. These were mostly burglaries - and he described in detail the situation and interior view robbed houses. This case is documented, there is even filming. But when, three months later, we brought the psychic to Moscow to involve him in solving more complicated crimes, he could no longer do anything. Apparently, from time to time he fell into some borderline states. It was no longer possible to repeat the success, moreover, he went crazy ... Then a couple of times we came across similar phenomena, but it turned out to be impossible to streamline the process of solving crimes with the help of psychics, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs stopped working with them.

- Have you encountered criminal psychics?

“We have seen crimes committed with the help of hypnosis, but not only psychics have used it. These were school teachers, pop hypnotists, doctors. And most often they committed rape. For example, several years ago, not without our help, we managed to successfully complete the criminal case of a district doctor who practiced in a city in Central Russia. He hypnotized two schoolgirls who came to see him. He inspired them with complete obedience, ordered them to come to the clinic. And raped them on every visit. Now serving time.

In our production, there were several cases when pop hypnotists fished out especially suggestible girls from the hall where they performed and then simply sculpted from them, like their clay, whatever they wanted. Everything was revealed when one of the girls suddenly became pregnant. In general, it is very difficult to prove such a crime, since the victim does not remember anything. For example, there is a case when one boy, who accidentally noticed hypnotic abilities in himself, put his cousin into a trance for several years and seduced him. And everything was discovered by chance: someone caught him doing this.

Therefore, when Kashpirovsky's television bacchanalia took place in our country, I was very afraid that schoolchildren would massively use hypnosis to seduce classmates.

Fortunately, this did not happen. Although, perhaps, some cases are simply unknown to us.

“Weren’t banks robbed with the help of hypnosis?”

- Not in my memory, although such cases are described in the specialized literature. The criminals put the cashier into a trance, he himself gave them the money, and then he could not remember anything. We saw other crimes, for example, how some kind of camp urka subjugates inmates with the help of hypnosis.

- And how do criminals know hypnosis?

- They do not use scientific hypnosis, but the so-called “folk”, which has long been used in magic, divination. When some village old woman “removes damage” from a neighbor, she tries to neutralize one hypnotic suggestion with another. Thieves in law operate in similar ways. But they give other installations - for complete submission. By the way, I noticed that modern political image makers use similar techniques.

- Can a hypnotist completely establish power over another person?

- Usually, even in a deep trance, a person will not follow the suggestion of a hypnotist if it goes against his moral principles. But there are groups of people who are ready to succumb to any foreign influence - criminals, homeless people, drug addicts.

– There is an opinion that neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), a newfangled psychotechnology, allows you to do something similar with a person.

– This is a very serious technique, I use it to treat patients. A competent NLP master can put a person into hypnosis in any situation.

– Have you met with crimes committed with the help of NLP?

- I think no one can solve such crimes yet. They won't even notice. So I meet you, greet you, and while shaking hands, squeezing it in a special way, I put you into a trance. Then I clean your pockets. Then I give the command to you to forget all this and wake up. And you only remember that you said hello to someone, went on and suddenly found that the wallet had disappeared ...

- Do investigators use hypnosis to force a criminal to confess?

- From the point of view of the Criminal Code, this is illegal. However, there is an order from the Minister of the Interior that allows the use of hypnosis when interrogating witnesses or victims. Very often, the victims forget the signs of the offender, and we help them remember them. The accused can also fall under hypnosis, but only at a personal request. And testimony made under hypnosis has no legal force.

– Is it possible to turn a criminal into a normal person with the help of hypnosis?

- I think that a person commits crimes in a state of self-hypnosis. It is authentically known that it was with the help of hypnosis that primitive people were controlled. There is an element of hypnosis in any mass action - remember the Nazi marches or parades on Red Square. There are more hypnotic programs in human society than is commonly thought.

Have you practiced hypnosis yourself?

This is how I started my medical career. Before working at the Ministry of Internal Affairs, I used hypnosis to conduct research with astronauts and test pilots.

- I heard that you treated Shchelokov, the former head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

- He had neuritis of the brachial nerve, I relieved his pain by suggestion. And look at this portrait - it was my most important patient.

- Kozhedub ?!
- Fifteen years treated - a severe disease of the cerebral vessels. Until the end of his life from time to time spent with him sessions of hypnotherapy.

Hypnosis and memory

In 1993, like thunder, America was rocked by the case of a certain Meryl A. The unfortunate old maid, who spent her young years caring for her adored father, suddenly went to court demanding that he be found guilty of violence against her while she was a child and pay a multi-million dollar lawsuit. . A few days earlier, in a psychiatric center, under hypnosis, they helped her to bring to light the memories of her childhood. And Meryl remembered how, in the summer, in a clearing near the old garage, her father had committed indecent acts with her.

“Do you really have a villa in that place?” Mr. A. was asked in the courtroom.

- She was until Meryl was 4 years old.

“Is there a garage in the clearing?”

- Probably, yes, it was.

The court found the father guilty.

An avalanche of such lawsuits has swept not only America, but also countries Western Europe. “Modern psychoanalysts can lift the deepest layers of memory,” the newspapers wrote. And as a result, claims against parents from children offended in childhood began to grow like a snowball. It was enough for the courts to have one confirmation of the doctors in order to initiate criminal cases on the claims of those who went through hypnosis. On the resurrection of memories, tens of thousands of psychoanalysts have made their careers. Sobering up came only after a book called “Victims of Memory” was published, in which the accused father wrote: “I was found guilty of something that never happened. I have never offended my daughters.” Hundreds of stories about slandered parents were also collected there ... The society immediately asked the question: how could this happen?

Canadian neurosurgeon Walter Penfield was the first to notice that if during an operation the scalpel touches certain areas in the temporal part of the brain, patients suddenly begin to remember the smallest details old events. As soon as the scalpel was removed, the visions stopped from the same moment. “We don’t forget anything at all!” - this sensation in the late 80s blew up the scientific community.

The case of a 62-year-old man was the first to thunder. The former bricklayer recalled that as a boy, helping to restore a church in one town, he laid the sixth brick with a crack in the fifth row. A meticulous psychiatrist went to this church and made sure that it is this brick that is split in two today. The next sensational report was that a certain Sibyl N., under hypnosis, remembered that her father, when she was a child, had killed an unfamiliar woman in front of her eyes. The police brigade that went to the indicated place found a buried corpse under an apple tree. Sibylla's father was condemned.

“Sometimes children manage to instruct the brain to forget the information,” comments Konstantin Anokhin, head of the joint Russian-British laboratory for the neuroscience of memory. - This can happen when the opposite concepts of "father" and "rapist" or "father" and "murderer" do not fit in the children's imagination. This defense mechanism diverts information to the subconscious so that the child can become a normal person. But the reverse process can also occur: the brain, as a result of an unknown failure, produces pseudo-memories.

... The idea of ​​the experiment, the results of which again turned all ideas about memory, was born on a day when all of America was in shock from the Challenger disaster. A group of American psychologists asked university students to describe in detail the moment they heard about the catastrophe. Four years later, the same group was given the task of repeating their memories. And it turned out that each of the students confidently described ... a completely different situation.