Homemade wind generator for home and garden: principles of operation, schemes, what and how to do. How to make a vertical wind generator with your own hands Generator. final assembly

A set of necessary communications to ensure comfortable conditions in a building of any purpose includes, among other things, the installation of a ventilation system. Ideally, it should be non-volatile - this is very important in modern conditions without stopping rising energy prices. That is why even at the design stage of communications, natural ventilation is primarily considered. At the same time, the correct approach to the technological solution of the system is a rotary deflector integrated into the ventilation duct.

No problems with traction

The purpose of any ventilation system is to remove polluted air, excess moisture from the premises, that is, to ensure normal air exchange. This will take place if the ventilation duct functions efficiently and correctly - the draft in it is excellent. If there are problems in this regard, then they are often provoked by rain, snow, and wind masses entering the canal mine. Also, poor draft can be caused by an incorrect location of the ventilation pipe, its insufficient height, or an incorrectly selected duct diameter. Such shortcomings of natural ventilation are designed to eliminate the installation of a rotary deflector.

Reference. The rotational deflector has other names - a turbo deflector or a rotary turbine. This is a complex mechanism with a rotating part - an active head, equipped with a special system of blades. Also in the design there is a static part - the base, to which the head is attached and connected to the ventilation pipe.

Advantages of a rotary deflector

• Regardless of the direction of the wind, the rotational movements of the active head occur in the same direction. As a result, the effect of a "partial vacuum" in the ventilation duct is obtained - the air is rarefied, the force of the flow increases, and the risk of reverse draft approaches zero.
• Rotary models completely eliminate the effect on ventilation efficiency external factors- Precipitation and gusty winds.
• The autonomy of the functioning of a mechanical device that increases the performance of the air exchange system is one of its most important advantages.
• Low costs for modernization of ventilation.
• Fast return on investment for the installation of a deflector with turbines.
• Protecting the ventilation shaft from debris, birds, etc.
• Decorative completeness of the pipe brought to the roof - any facade benefits from the presence of such a spherical object.

Important! The rotary deflector increases the efficiency of a standard natural supply and exhaust ventilation system by 2-4 times. At the same time, "amplification" does not require a connection to the power supply, which corresponds to current trends energy efficiency of buildings and structures.

What are the disadvantages of a turbo deflector

The rotational design is weather-dependent - this is actually its only, but very important minus. In calm weather, a turbo deflector is essentially no different from a conventional protective visor on an air duct.

Is it possible to make a rotary deflector with your own hands

Simpler types of deflectors, which have been used in practice for a long time, are often made by skillful householders on their own. In principle, a technically savvy person can cope with this work. True, for this it will be necessary to develop a working drawing of the future design, correctly take measurements, and develop a deflector mounting scheme.

Regarding the turbocharged variation, not everything is so simple - it is technically a more complex design. Therefore, almost always, having decided to use a rotational model, they purchase it in the form of a professionally made product.

What the market offers

Turbovent

The model range of rotary deflectors of this brand is represented by models of different geometric shapes, in terms of the immovable base:

• A - round pipe;
• B - square pipe;
• C - square flat base.

Marking of products in the range is presented as TA-315, TA-355, TA-500. The digital index indicates the diameter of the round or the parameters of the rectangular bases. It is from them that one can judge the dimensions of the mechanism, as well as the scope of its application. For example, TA-315 and TA-355 are relevant when organizing air exchange in the under-roof space. But TA-500 is a universal device and can be integrated into the ventilation of a residential building.

The rotary deflector "Turbovent" is produced in Russia - in the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the city of Arzamas.

Rotovent

Polish made stainless steel deflectors. Suitable for roofs of any configuration. Products are made of high quality stainless steel. Universal devices - suitable for both ventilation systems and chimneys. The limiting indicator of the operating temperature is 500 C.

Turbomax

Rotary deflector manufactured by a company from the Republic of Belarus. The manufacturer positions its products as a rotating chimney hood Turbomax1. But it is also suitable for ventilation. Without fear, it can be used in areas with II and III wind load zones. The company draws the attention of consumers to the fact that they are ready to manufacture a product to order according to the parameters for a particular object.

Mounting Features

The factory turbo deflector is a one-piece design, ready for installation. It has an active movable top and a base that incorporates zero drag bearings. The product is thought out in such a way that even with a strong gusty wind it will not tilt and will not be blown down.

Attention! During installation, it is important to take into account that the deflector of any modification should rise 1.5-2.0 m above the roof. If this device is observed, the draft in the ventilation duct will increase even more.

In conclusion, we want to note that rotary deflectors in their segment are the most expensive. At the same time, the consumer is invited to choose a suitable design made of stainless steel, galvanized or structural steel with a protective polymer coating, the color of which can be matched to the facade design. Of course, the type of material from which the deflector is made is reflected in its cost.

The ventilation deflector is a special nozzle mounted on the upper end of the exhaust pipe to protect the channel and facilitate the ventilation process. After all, the deflector blocks the pipe section, preventing the penetration of precipitation or small debris, and, at the same time, creates an additional exhaust force in the channel generated by the wind blowing over this nozzle. Moreover, the exhaust pipe can belong to both ventilation and the system for removing combustion products from the furnace or boiler (chimney).

Such a nozzle works on the basis of the Bernoulli effect, a Swiss mechanic who discovered the relationship between the flow rate and the static pressure in the channel. Bernoulli found that when the flow velocity increases, provoked by the narrowing of the channel, the pressure in the duct or pipeline drops, creating a vacuum in a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe pipeline.

That is, the deflector "catches" the wind rushing into a narrow channel - a diffuser, and provoking a pressure drop in the upper part of the ventilation duct. As a result, the rarefied void under the diffuser is filled with a portion of air drawn in by the ventilation duct.

At the same time, the correct deflector can regulate the air flows in the diffuser and the direction of discharge of the medium transported by the exhaust pipeline. And with due diligence of the designers of this nozzle, the draft in the duct increases by 15-20 percent.

Actually, because of these percentages, a deflector is used, with which you can level the insufficient height of the duct or the overly modest dimensions of the ventilation duct.

Typical varieties of deflectors

Why we need a deflector, we have already figured out, so further in the text we will consider the varieties of the design of such nozzles. According to the design features, the assortment of such products is divided into four groups, which include the following nozzles:

• Deflectors with a flat "cover" (top). Such nozzles can even be made by hand. After all, a flat cover can simply be cut out of sheet steel or copper, without any fuss with the formation of a cone.
• Nozzles with a removable cover, which are especially in demand in the case of arranging a chimney channel that needs periodic cleaning.
• Deflectors with gable (gable) cover. Such nozzles provide maximum protection of the chimney or ventilation duct from snow and rain.
• Nozzles with a spherical top, which are used on the "front" side of the exterior. Such deflectors have the most aesthetic external forms and can fit into any style of roof and facade design.

The most popular models of nozzles include the following products:

• Ventilation deflector series 5.904.51 - this model is produced in the form of round or rectangular nozzles mounted on a pipe with a diameter of 200 to 1250 mm or on a profile air duct with dimensions from 400x400 to 1000x1000 mm. That is, this series includes both household and industrial nozzles. At the same time, deflectors of the 5.904.51 series are distributed both in the form of finished products and in the form of diagrams and drawings designed for independent cutting and assembly of the product.
  
• The rotary vent deflector is a typical nozzle with a spherical cap. However, not only a diffuser is hidden under this top, but also an impeller - a wind turbine that generates additional exhaust force. As a result, the performance of the hood is increased by almost 50 percent, and the probability of "overturning" the air flow is reduced to almost zero. Therefore, rotary models are mounted not only on chimneys, but also on exhaust ducts of industrial and household ventilation, fan risers sewers, roof outlets and so on. The diameter of the exhaust tube on which such a deflector is mounted varies from 200 to 900 millimeters. The cost of such a product is 3000-4000 rubles.
  
  
• The TsAGI ventilation deflector is a special nozzle, complemented by a cylindrical screen, in which a classic product with a conical roof is “wrapped”. The diameter of the air duct ready to receive the TsAGI deflector ranges from 100 to 1250 millimeters. Moreover, the cylindrical screen guarantees the absence of reverse thrust even in air ducts of the largest diameter. The cost of a TsAGI household deflector ranges from 400 to 5000 rubles, depending on the dimensions of the product.
  
  
• The Grigorovich deflector is a classic version of the product, mounted not on a pipe, but on a nozzle made in the form of a truncated cone. Moreover, both the nozzle and the classic conical cover with spacers form a single structure. This is the most common type of oven and ventilation deflector, which you can buy at any store or make your own.
  
  
• Double H-shaped deflector - which is a classic model with an unusual inlet. This part of the nozzle is made in the form of the letter "H", in the middle bar of which a pipe is cut, connecting the products and the hood. That is, instead of one deflector, we mount two nozzles on the exhaust channel, increasing the efficiency and productivity of the hood at least twice.
  
  

As you can see: the assortment of deflectors abounds different models and structural diagrams. At the same time, you can choose from this variety both high-performance, active ventilation deflectors, and homemade version, for the manufacture of which you need to make a minimum of effort.

The manufacture of the nozzle begins with calculations of its dimensions. At the same time, we must understand that the classic deflector consists of the following parts:

• An inlet pipe, the throughput dimensions of which must match the outer diameter of the pipe.
• An external cylinder located on top - a diffuser, the dimensions of which should not be 30 percent larger than the throughput diameter of the duct.
• A conical, spherical or flat dome held by brackets above the diffuser. The dimensions of the hood should be 70-90 percent larger than the throughput diameter of the hood.

Well, the height of the ventilation system deflectors should be no more than one and a half internal diameters of the air ducts.

Having decided on the dimensions, you can start cutting a sheet blank made of galvanized or stainless steel - black rolled steel is not suitable for a deflector. Moreover, at first we draw a scan of all structural elements - from the inlet pipe to the brackets - and then we transfer these templates to the metal. The separation of blanks from the sheet is carried out using metal shears. Well, if you cannot make a scan according to the drawing of the workpiece, use ready-made drawings and patterns.

The assembly of finished elements is carried out on rivets, screws, bolts or welding. The latest technology, of course, guarantees maximum reliability, but not every welder can “cook” thin sheet metal. Therefore, the optimal assembly technology is riveting.

At the same time, we first assemble the diffuser, then we attach brackets to it that hold the cap, to which we mount this part of the deflector. Next, we attach the bottom brackets to the inlet and mount the top of these braces to the cone.

in channels and ducts. But over time, debris can get into the shaft, the channels can simply become clogged with dust, which adheres firmly to their walls, especially if they have a greasy coating. All this reduces the diameter of the air ducts, which negatively affects the operation of the entire ventilation system.

That is why many homeowners install special devices called deflectors on the heads of the ventilation pipes.

Features of the device

installed to increase draft in air ducts, mines and channels. This device, deflecting the air currents created by the wind, creates a zone of low pressure at the outlet of the ventilation system. The air masses in the pipe, trying to compensate for the rarefaction, rise to the head of the pipe, thereby increasing the thrust.

This is a description of the principle of operation of all deflectors, of which there are a huge number of designs. Many devices not only deflect air currents, but also increase the speed of their passage over the head of the ventilation pipe, by narrowing the channel, thereby significantly increasing the draft (airbrush principle).

Proper use of the deflector helps to increase the performance of the entire ventilation system up to 20%, it is especially useful for ventilation ducts with large horizontal sections and bends.

In addition, the deflector ventilation pipe perfectly protects from getting inside various debris, small birds, insects, and most importantly, atmospheric precipitation. Basically, the material from which these devices are made is resistant to corrosion. It is galvanized or stainless steel, ceramic or plastic.

Existing types of deflectors

To date, there are a huge number of different designs of such devices. Among them, the most popular models are:

• - an effective and simple structural device for redirecting the wind.
• - also a very popular deflector design.
• H-shaped device for effective increase of draft in ventilation and chimneys.

In addition, various designs of open deflectors are often used both on the heads of ventilation and chimneys.

All varieties of models can be classified according to some distinctive qualities:

• According to the shape of the top of the device.
• Rotating (rotary or turbine).
• Deflectors-weathervanes.

In addition to such a common material as metal, these devices are made of plastic. The plastic ventilation deflector is less durable than its steel counterpart, but has a lower cost and a more sophisticated appearance.

That is why plastic fixtures decorate the ventilation shafts of most private houses. But he, besides the service life, has another serious drawback. Doesn't take plastic high temperatures, so it is not recommended to use it on chimneys.

Weathercocks - deflectors are usually installed on chimneys, but they are quite suitable for ventilation systems. The air flow, passing through the system of peaks and slots in the body of the product, is redirected due to which a zone of low pressure is created above the pipe. It should be recalled that the weather vane has such a design that allows this apparatus to be constantly turned, the working side to the wind.

Rotating due to its design not only enhances the draft in the ventilation shaft, but also effectively protects it from various debris and insects. This device, as a rule, has a spherical shape, therefore it stands out among all with its original design.

There is another original type of ventilation deflector - rotational, or as it is also called turbine. This device converts the energy of air flows into the rotational movement of the turbine, which spins the air, according to the principle of a tornado, thereby creating an increase in traction in the duct. This device shows excellent results even in the warm season, creating traction in the ventilation system.

Making the simplest do-it-yourself device

Despite the complexity of the design, everyone can make a deflector with their own hands House master. It's enough just to have necessary tools and materials. For self-manufacturing this device will need:

• A sheet of thick paper or cardboard.
• Sheet of galvanized metal.
• Drawing of the deflector with calculations regarding the diameter of the pipe.
• Rivet gun.
• Metal scissors.
• Drill with a set of drills.
• Marker or scriber.

After preparing the tool, material and personal protective equipment (glasses, gloves), you can start making a ventilation deflector with your own hands.

1. First of all, you should transfer the contours of the product from the drawing to the metal. There should be a sweep of all the main parts of the device: a cap, a diffuser, an external cylinder, racks.
2. After that, you need to cut out all parts of the device, according to the resulting pattern.
3. Connect all parts of the device, according to the drawing or sketch, using a rivet gun.
4. Connect the two parts of the deflector using racks cut from the same metal.

After manufacturing, you can install the deflector on the pipe head, carefully securing it with clamps.

Advice:
The deflector will create additional traction in the channels only if all its parts are made to a certain size. It should be remembered that the installation should be carried out while working at height, so it is better to do this with two people and with insurance. If you are not confident in your abilities, contact professionals who have experience in the manufacture and installation of these necessary devices.

Recently, fans of renewable energy sources prefer vertical designs of windmills. Horizontal ones go down in history. The point is not only that it is easier to make a vertical wind generator with your own hands than a horizontal one. The main motive for this choice is efficiency and reliability.

Benefits of a vertical windmill

1. The vertical design of the windmill catches the wind better: there is no need to determine where it is blowing from and orient the blades to the air flow. 2. The installation of such equipment does not require its high location, which means that it will be easier to maintain a vertical windmill with your own hands. 3. The design contains fewer moving parts, which improves its reliability. 4. The optimal profile of the blades increases the efficiency of the windmill. 5. The multi-pole generator used to generate electricity is less noisy.

Let's talk about how to make parts and assemble a vertical wind generator with your own hands.

Do-it-yourself algorithm for making a turbine

1. Supports (upper and lower) of the blades are two concentric circles of the same size. They are made of ABS plastic - cut with a jigsaw. In one of them (it will be the top one), a hole with a diameter of 300 mm is made.

2. The lower support must rest on the hub, which can be used as a hub passenger car. To connect the parts, you need to mark and drill 4 holes. 3. When assembling a vertical wind generator with your own hands, pay special attention to fastening the blades. For correct location blades need a template. On the lower support we draw a six-pointed star (Star of David), the corners of which will be on the edge of the circle. We project the drawing onto the upper support. We make the blades from thin sheet metal in the form of a strip 1160 mm long, the width of which is slightly more than the side of the star beam.

4. The blades are fixed with two corners at the top and bottom, while they must be bent so that a quarter of a circle is formed. They are arranged one after another in a circle, setting them on the edges of the rays.

We make a rotor

1. The bases for the rotor with a diameter of 400 mm are cut out of plywood 10 mm thick. Along the outer radius with liquid nails or epoxy glue permanent neodymium magnets with high inductance are attached. They are arranged similarly to the numbers on the watch dial (exactly 12 pieces) with respect to the polarity (it is recommended to mark them). To prevent the magnets from moving out of place, they are temporarily fixed with spacers made of wooden wedges.

2. The second rotor is made similarly and symmetrically to the first. The difference in the polarity of the magnets - it should be opposite.

How to assemble a stator

The stator is assembled from 9 inductors. There should be 3 groups of series-connected coils (3 per group): the end of the previous one is connected to the beginning of the next one (star configuration). Coils are located symmetrically at the vertices of three triangles inscribed in a circle. Winding in progress copper wire 0.51 mm in diameter (24 AWG type). 320 turns required. This will allow you to get a voltage of 100 V at 120 rpm at the generator output. turbines. A do-it-yourself vertical wind generator can be made with different output voltage and current parameters by reducing / increasing the number of turns and the diameter of the stator winding wire. The turns of the coils are wound in the same way. It is necessary to observe the direction of winding and mark its beginning and end. Epoxy glue is applied over the outer coil and electrical tape is wound in four places to prevent unwinding.

Rules and nuances of connecting coils

The ends of the coils must be cleaned of varnish insulation. Connections are made by soldering. The coils prepared in this way are placed on a paper sheet, on which a diagram of their location is applied (in accordance with the position of the permanent magnets of the rotor). Fix them with tape. All free fields of paper (except for the centers of the coils) are sealed with fiberglass, pouring epoxy resin with hardener. The winding leads must be located outside or inside the stator. Holes are made in the stator to mount the bracket.

final assembly and installation

They are assembled on one axis (from top to bottom): the lower support of the blades, a disk with permanent magnets(top rotor base), stator, bottom rotor base and hub. All components are attached with studs to the bracket. We use stainless steel bolts for good contact. Having finalized the rest of the little things, we get the finished device. Do-it-yourself vertical windmill should be installed in an open area, where the wind force is greatest. It is desirable that there are no tall buildings nearby. Then the wind generator will generate electricity efficiently, which will help save money.

It is difficult not to notice how the stability of electricity supplies to suburban facilities differs from the provision of urban buildings and enterprises with electricity. Admit that you, as the owner of a private house or cottage, have repeatedly encountered interruptions, inconveniences and damage to equipment associated with them.

The listed negative situations, together with the consequences, will no longer complicate the life of lovers of natural spaces. And with minimal labor and financial costs. To do this, you just need to make a wind power generator, which we describe in detail in the article.

We have described in detail the options for manufacturing a system that is useful in the economy, eliminating energy dependence. According to our advice, an inexperienced home craftsman will be able to build a wind generator with his own hands. A practical device will help to significantly reduce daily expenses.

Alternative energy sources are the dream of any summer resident or homeowner whose site is located far from the central networks. However, when we receive bills for electricity used in a city apartment, and looking at the increased tariffs, we realize that a wind turbine designed for household needs, we would not interfere.

After reading this article, perhaps you will make your dream come true.

Wind generator - perfect solution to provide a suburban facility with electricity. Moreover, in some cases, its installation is the only possible way out.

In order not to waste money, effort and time, let's decide: are there any external circumstances that will create obstacles for us in the process of operating a wind turbine?

To provide electricity to a summer house or a small cottage, it is enough, the power of which will not exceed 1 kW. Such devices in Russia are equated to household products. Their installation does not require certificates, permits or any additional approvals.