The project is the world around animals and plants of the Kuban. Flora and fauna of the Kuban. Presentation. Living world of Kuban
Animals are inhabitants of natural areas.
Protection of the organic world Krasnodar Territory
1. Define the meaning of the terms.
population- a long-existing set of individuals of the same species.
area- this is the area on the surface of the earth or water, which is occupied by a particular species of plants, animals, fish.
Relic- a thing, phenomenon or organism, preserved as a relic from ancient times.
2. Using the "fishbow" technique, draw up a diagram "Animal world of natural complexes of the Krasnodar Territory.
3. Solve the chainword, which encodes the names of animals living in the Krasnodar Territory and the Black Sea, and write down which of them are listed in the Red Book.
The bottlenose dolphin, mink, newt are listed in the Red Book
4. Mark with a + sign the correct statements.
— Species diversity fauna of the steppe zone does not depend on human activity
- Waterfowl live in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov: hamster, weasel, hedgehog, hare, badger
+ The Trans-Kuban Plain is inhabited by both steppe and forest representatives of the animal world.
- Among the predators in our region, the largest is the bison
+ The smallest predator living in the region is the weasel.
5. Make a list of the largest environmental organizations operating in the Krasnodar Territory. Use the information posted on the website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Territory (mprkk.ru). Find out if there are specially protected natural areas in your area, including botanical natural monuments. Prepare a short post about one of them.
- World Wildlife Fund. Separate subdivision Russian Caucasus branch
— Rosprirodnadzor Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Environmental Management in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea
– Azov-Chernomorsk Basin Administration for Fisheries and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources
— Regional Information and Analytical Center for Environmental Monitoring
— Kuban ecological company
— Kuban State Agrarian University Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Ecology
— Kuban Ecological Center
— Center for Legal Protection and Ecology
Monuments of nature
Plane trees two trees 150 years old - a botanical monument of nature in Krasnodar, Oak Velikan - a natural monument since 1978 in Krasnodar, Gorky Park - is an active natural and historical monument of culture. In the park named after Zhukov there are 100 botanical cultural monuments - summer maple-leaved plane trees "Handsome".
6. Reflect on the statement of the Russian writer Mikhail Prishvin: "In nature, everything is connected with each other, and there is nothing random in it. And if a random phenomenon comes out, look for a human hand in it." Write a short essay. Reflect in it the natural features of the Krasnodar Territory and the role of man in the transformation of the environment.
In nature, everything has been perfected not for years or even millennia, but for millions of years. Everything is harmonious in it. Not only Prishvin wrote about this. Einstein argued that there is nothing random in nature, and if something seems random to us, then this is only the result of our incomplete knowledge. Unfortunately, man often plays a destructive role in nature, because of his activities, environmental problems arise. First of all, this is water pollution and depletion of water resources. In reservoirs, there is a decrease in the species and number of fish. In the Krasnodar Territory, the Kuban River flows, the waters of which do not meet safety standards. It is forbidden to swim in the reservoir, so the local beaches have been eliminated.
Another problem is soil erosion and a decrease in their fertility, especially in coastal areas. Some natural monuments are also being destroyed, such as National parks. Rare species of flora and fauna are disappearing in the region.
One of the significant environmental issues Krasnodar Territory is pollution with oil and oil products. Due to some accidents, the situation has reached a disastrous level. The largest leaks were seen in the following settlements: Tuapse; Yeysk; Tikhoretsk.
Oil depots are leaking kerosene and gasoline. Lenses appeared underground in these places, where oil products were concentrated. They pollute the soil and groundwater.
It is high time to realize that it is necessary to take care of nature and protect it for the sake of continuing our own life on earth.
In the northeastern part of the region, on the Kuban-Azov lowland, steppe animals are common. Field mice, ground squirrels, jerboas, moles, hamsters live here. All of them are harmful agriculture. They live in burrows, feed on grain, leaves. From predators there are foxes, weasels, ferrets. Of the birds - larks, quail, gray partridges, crows, magpies. There are also predatory ones - kites, owls, owls, steppe harrier.
In gardens and parks you can see finches, tits, buntings, starlings.
In the Kuban Delta, in floodplains and estuaries, there are wild boars, foxes, waterfowl: pelicans, gulls, ducks, lapwings, waders, geese, herons, sometimes swans arrive. The muskrat lives in the estuaries. In the floodplains of the Kalininsky district there is the largest multi-species colony of storks in the region.
forest fauna
In the mountains and foothills there is an abundance of forest fruits and succulent meadow grasses. This creates favorable conditions for the habitat of animals and birds. Wild pigs graze in small herds in oak and beech forests. Unlike domestic pigs, wild pigs are somewhat shorter and taller on the legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kilograms of weight. They are covered with thick, coarse bristles of a dark brown, and sometimes almost black color. The male has fangs.
In deciduous forests, small roe deer grow as tall as a domestic goat, resembling a deer in their appearance. Only males have horns. The bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, marten hunt. On the banks of the rivers - mink and otter. They dive and swim well, feed on fish and frogs.
Of the reptiles, there are: snakes - ordinary and water, vipers - steppe and Koznakov's viper (found high in the mountains), legless lizard spindle and yellow-bellied.
In the morning, the forest and valleys of the foothills are filled with the singing and chirping of various birds.
Predators of the Krasnodar Territory
Magpies chirp, thrushes whistle, cuckoos call, jays call to each other, wagtails bustle along the streams, shaking their tails; along the banks of the rivers, the melodic melody of the yellow-lemon oriole is heard, the red-footed falcons quickly rush for prey, the healers of the forests - woodpeckers methodically tap on the bark of the trunks. Agile shrikes hunt for insects. The nimble golden bee-eater chases bees, bumblebees, grabbing them on the fly with its long thin beak. Owls, eagle owls, starlings, grosbeaks, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits fly here, and high in the mountains - Caucasian black grouse, mountain turkeys. Blue rollers, field sparrows and sand martins settle along the steep banks of the rivers.
The birds bring great benefit national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand plant pests per day. Hundreds of trees are saved by woodpeckers, eating beetle larvae hidden under the bark. An owl kills a thousand mice over the summer, and each mouse eats 1 kilogram of grain a year. It turns out that only one owl saves us a ton of bread a year.
Not all birds live with us all year round. Many live only in summer, hatch chicks, and fly away to warmer climes in autumn. There are about 320 species of birds in the Kuban.
Soil and air pollution has led to a sharp reduction in the number of insectivorous birds: starlings, swallows, sparrows. But the number of crows and pigeons has increased. City dumps serve as an excellent food base for them.
The fauna of the Black Sea is diverse, but concentrated mainly in the upper layer. Beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring, anchovy, sprats, bream, mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel, flounder are of commercial importance. There are dolphins. The Sea of Azov is inhabited by fish: ram, herring, sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon), sprat, shemaya, horse mackerel.
In rivers and estuaries live: bream, silver bream, asp, carp, catfish and other fish.
The Krasnodar Territory is located in the south of our country, so it is much warmer here than, for example, in the Moscow region. On the Kuban-Azov lowland, in the foothills and mountains, on the Black Sea coast and the Taman Peninsula, you can observe different weather at the same time of the year. Each season has its own weather. These annually recurring features of the weather make up the climate of the area. It depends on the geographical location, the proximity of the seas, the terrain and the prevailing winds. The climate of most of our region is temperate continental, on the Black Sea coast (south of Tuapse) - subtropical - humid.
The territory of the Kuban Plain is open from the north, that is, it is accessible to the action of Arctic air masses.
Weather formation is influenced by cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclones (air masses with reduced atmospheric pressure) usually bring rainy, unsettled weather. Anticyclones (air currents with high atmospheric pressure) contribute to the establishment of stable weather, warm summers and cold winters.
With east and northeast winds, summer is dry and hot. In winter, these winds bring cold. A particularly sharp decrease in temperature is observed during a breakthrough in the Ciscaucasia of the Arctic air masses. The air temperature drops to minus 20-25°.
Winds from southwestern directions bring coolness and rain in summer, thaws and precipitation in the form of snow and rain in winter.
Local winds also influence the climate. These include breezes and hair dryers.
Hair dryers- warm, dry winds blowing from the mountains, often in October - December. Cases are known when in December, with such a wind, the air temperature in Krasnodar reached 15-20°C. Foehns are observed on the Black Sea coast, in the mountainous and foothill parts and (weakened) on the Kuban-Azov lowland, lasting up to 1-2 days.
breezes, or coastal winds, blow on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, during the day from the sea to land, at night - from land to sea.
The Black Sea in summer cools the coast with breezes, in winter, on the contrary, it warms, giving off the heat accumulated on hot days. The high Caucasus Mountains hold back cold air currents coming from the north.
The cold northeast (northeast) wind blowing from the mountains with hurricane force is called bora. Strong northeasts prevail in winter, when there is a large difference in barometric pressure between land (high) and sea (low).
The highest wind speed was recorded in the northwest of the Chernomosky coast near Novorossiysk. At the same time, the air temperature drops to 15-18 ° below zero.
There are usually about 50 days with bora per year (more often in November and March). The wind speed reaches 45-50 meters per second (with gusts up to 100 m/s). Bora often leads to icing of ships in the bay, causing great damage to the urban economy.
On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed by zones. Latitudinal and vertical zonality is clearly expressed here. The steppe zone occupies the entire Kuban-Azov lowland. In the recent past, it was a forb-fescue-feather grass steppe. At present, almost all of it has been plowed up and turned into boundless collective farm and peasant-farm fields, where wheat, corn, sugar beet, sunflower, barley, vegetable and melon crops are cultivated. In total, there are more than 3 thousand plant species in the region.
Along the roads, along the slopes of the beams and on the tops of the mounds, you can find wild herbaceous plants: couch grass, wild buttercup, yellow sweet clover, wormwood, plantain, coltsfoot, quinoa, field sow thistle, St. John's wort, immortelle. In forest belts - oak, walnut, acacia and other tree species.
On the right bank of the Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovskaya, there is an array of the Red Forest (5200 ha). This is the remnant of the forests that used to border the shores of the Kuban to its lower reaches. Narrow strips of forest have been preserved in the middle reaches of the river. In the Red Forest grow oak, willow, maple, ash, apple, hawthorn, wild rose; deer, roe deer, wild boars, hares live. Depending on the height above sea level and the associated changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the general nature of vegetation changes dramatically, but also appearance plants.
As the relief increases, the steppe passes into the forest-steppe, and the latter into the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretches in a relatively narrow strip on the left bank of the Kuban, covering the Zakuban sloping plain and the low (mainly up to 600 m) part of the foothills. About 50% of the area is shrubs and partly broad-leaved forests (oak, hornbeam, maple, hazel, dogwood).
The forests of the Kuban occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by exceptionally valuable species. About 30% of oak forests, over 80% of beech and about 90% of chestnut plantations in Russia are concentrated in the region. The main part of the forests falls on the foothills, mountainous regions and the Black Sea coast.
Vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest zone is divided into two belts: broad-leaved and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, predominantly oak forests grow with an admixture of hornbeam, ash, elm, as well as fruit trees(pear, apple, dogwood). Oak forests give way to beech forests. At an altitude of 1200 meters, Caucasian fir joins them. From 1300 to 1800 meters, coniferous forests consisting of Caucasian fir and oriental spruce predominate. Fir needles are softer and slightly wider than spruce needles.
At an altitude of 1800-2200 meters above sea level, there is a belt of subalpine vegetation. There are subalpine meadows and crooked forests with shrubby beech and mountain maple. Subalpine meadows are rich pastures. In the summer, cattle and flocks of sheep are kept here.
Above the subalpine meadows, starting from an altitude of 2300-2500 and up to 2800-3000 meters above sea level, there is a belt of alpine meadows of the North-Western Caucasus (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). The harsh nature here. Only in August the glades are freed from snow.
What a striking change! In the subalpine zone, everything is large and magnificent, and in the alpine zone the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters tall, creeping form. The brightness of the color, the diversity of flowers on rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow, is striking. Around grow red mytniki, bright blue gentian, golden-yellow buttercups and dandelions, pink-red carnations, blue forget-me-nots.
From 3000 meters and above there are eternal snows and glaciers and impregnable rocks, almost devoid of any vegetation.
Diverse vegetation of the Black Sea coast. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered with hornbeam and oak, hornbeam and hornbeam. On the spurs of the Markotkh Ridge from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, twisted and low-growing elm, hornbeam, and among them dogwood and hawthorn grow. In the Gelendzhik region there are elm, maple, ash, dogwood, Walnut, cherry plum, apple tree, pear; along the coast - Pitsunda pine.
The resort village of Dzhankhot is located 12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik. Here, on the high coast of the sea, an island of ancient flora has been preserved - a grove of Pitsunda pine. It is surrounded by hornbeam, maple and other trees.
Behind the Mikhailovsky Pass, oak is distributed along the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500-600 meters, then giving way to beech. Alder, viburnum, elder, dogwood, pear grow in floodplains and on the banks of rivers.
Cypresses, Pitsunda pine, magnolias, palm trees grow on the coast from Lazarevsky to Adler. They stay green all year round.
Parks and squares are decorated with noble laurel, bamboo, yucca, various palm trees. There is no such month in the year that some plants do not bloom. Apricots, peaches and other fruits ripen in the orchards.
The forests of the Black Sea coast conserve supplies of drinking water and mineral waters, protect soils from water and wind erosion, landslides, rockfalls and landslides, soften the climate. They provide a constant water level in the rivers, protect them from silting and shallowing, and thus create conditions for the reproduction of fish resources. From the slopes of the mountains, not protected by forest, the rains take down 100 cubic meters of land from one hectare per year. In such places, ravines quickly form.
The forest has a certain influence on the climate and the rivers that feed the fertile plains of the Kuban with their waters, protects water bodies from drying out, fields from drought, cleans the air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other tiny particles. The vegetation cover of the Earth is called the "lungs of the planet." One hectare of forest clears 18 million cubic meters smoky and carbonated air.
The forest is a health factor and an excellent object for hiking, excursions, walks. The forest air is clean, it contains a lot of ozone and phytoncides - substances that inhibit the development of pathogenic microbes.
The forest is also construction material. The woodworking industry is developed in the Kuban. There are furniture factories and associations in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Apsheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wardrobes, bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas…
It is very diverse, which only representatives of the fauna you will not meet here ... This abundance can be explained by the mild, favorable climate and the rich flora.
The distribution of animals in the area mainly depends on natural conditions. Lakes, rivers and seas, forests and steppes are inhabited by a variety of animals. Here you can meet both formidable predators and harmless small rodents.
One of the most dangerous animals of the region can be called a brown bear. Its mass can reach 300 kg, and the body length is 2 m. In addition to this predatory animal, lynxes successfully live in the forests of the Kuban, reaching a length of 110 cm. These beauties are found in the Abinsk, Mostovsky, Seversky and Goryacheklyuchevsky regions.
Of the small predators, the weasel is very common. The most valuable animals, which are famous for their wonderful fur, are raccoons. And the rarest animal found in the Kuban is the leopard. This truly graceful animal has almost disappeared from these places. But in wild areas remote from civilization, leopards still live.
And the most useful representative of the fauna, by right, is the sika deer.
Nature, plants and animals of the Krasnodar Territory
Why is it useful? Yes, because, from his horns, medical medicines are obtained that save people from many diseases.
Apart from these animals fauna of the Krasnodar Territory rich in wolves, hares, roe deer, wild boars, Caucasian moles.
In the Kuban, in the northeastern part, steppe inhabitants are more common: foxes, jerboas, mouse-like rodents, common voles, ground squirrels. The common mink lives in the river valleys. If we talk about birds, then these are larks, gray partridges, quail, harriers. This steppe zone is well mastered by man, which is why the fauna has decreased significantly. But still, some animals have adapted to the new conditions. Tourists can find only a few primeval areas of the steppes, where the animal world is in full abundance.
Many waterfowl live in the floodplains and estuaries of the lowlands: pelicans, gulls, ducks, geese. And from North America, the muskrat was brought to the estuaries.
As for the highlands and foothills, roe deer, chamois, mountain goats, badgers, forest cats, and also two types of martens live here. Forest (zheltodushka) and stone (belodushka). Jackals and raccoon dogs have taken root well.
If we talk about invertebrates, then near the talus of rocks, along the roadsides, there are vipers, snakes, snakes, newts.
Of the representatives of reptiles, there is a marsh and Greek turtle, a legless lizard, a small yellowbell.
All animal splendor, of course, is complemented by birds. During the day, birds chirp and chirp in the forests and valleys. Magpies, orioles, thrushes, and cuckoos take part in this musical concert. Jays sing along with them, wagtails bustle along the streams. But this is not all the inhabitants of the forest, we must not forget about owls, starlings, goldfinches, Caucasian black grouse and mountain turkeys.
Finally, you can add that fauna of the Krasnodar Territory worthy of the attention of tourists, as well as careful attitude.
Presentation. Living world of Kuban
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Living world of Kuban Prepared by students of 10 "A" class Briskman Tatiana and Prokhorov Vladislav |
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Vegetation |
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Kuban has always been famous for the richness of nature. And the beauty of the landscape. |
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About three thousand species of wild plants grow in the Kuban, belonging to 6 divisions and more than 150 families. |
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Bryophytes - more than 250 species. Ferns - more than 40. Angiosperms - more than 2800 species. |
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Gymnosperms |
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As well as a lot of Algae Lichens |
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The number of mushroom species has not been precisely established, but quite rare specimens are often found among them. Truffle summer Caesar mushroom |
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Our Krasnodar Territory is famous for the presence of tea plantations. Dagomys is the only place in Russia that is favorable for tea growth. |
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And also near Krasnodar, next to the village. Belozerny, right next to the highway grow amazing flowers - lotuses. |
Presentation – Fauna of the Krasnodar Territory
Slides and text of this presentation
slide 1
Animal world
Krasnodar Territory
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According to the Department of Natural Resources and State Environmental Control of the Krasnodar Territory, there are more than 580 species of animals in the region. Of them:
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The floodplain part of the region (Eastern Sea of Azov) is deservedly considered a bird kingdom. A significant number of waterfowl nest here - geese and ducks (17 species), sandpipers (20 species).
Krasnodar Territory according to the most characteristic features flora and fauna can be divided into floodplain, steppe and mountain-forest parts
During the spring and autumn migration in the flood zone, millions of waterfowl nesting in the north of Eurasia stop.
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The most numerous of the animals in the steppe zone are the hare, fox, pheasant, quail.
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The mountain-forest zone is the least developed by man, and here the main habitats of such animals as wild boar, deer, roe deer, chamois, aurochs, bison.
Of the predators, a bear, a wolf, a jackal, a forest cat, a fox, a badger, a marten and others live here.
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The Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory includes 353 species of animals
Some of them:
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Animals of the Krasnodar Territory Prepared by Nazarenko N.A. teacher MOU secondary school No. 2stanitsa Staroshcherbinovskaya
In the Black Sea region, you can find dark-colored blacktails and browntails. They live on trees, overcoming the distance between them of 4 m horizontally and up to 10 m from top to bottom. Flexible body 20-25 cm long, long strong limbs, fluffy long tail, large, erect ears with tassels at the tips. They feed on tree seeds, fruits, berries, nuts, mushrooms and many others Squirrel (veksha)
Hare-hareClass: MammalsOrder: LagomorphsFamily: HaresDistribution: In the Black Sea region, it is more common in the lower mountains, but they were also seen at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level (Chugush), and in the North Ossetian Reserve their habitat was noted up to an altitude of 3000 m above sea level Description: The color is yellow-yellow with large ripples, it does not turn white in winter, body length is about 60 cm, weight is up to 5 kg. Nocturnal animal. The whole body is adapted for running, the front pair of legs serves as a support for the hind legs. Feeds on various herbs in summer and bark in winter. deciduous trees, shoots of winter crops.
MartenClass: Mammals Order: CarnivoresFamily: MustelidsDistribution: Two species of martens are found in the Krasnodar Territory in the foothill and mountain zones. large form. The length of the body is up to 58 cm. The fur of the "yellow dog" is brown-brown with a fawn tint. The color of the spot on the throat is from light to dark red. the “white lady” has a pure white throat patch in the shape of a horseshoe. It is slightly smaller than the forest one in size.
Otter (piston) Class: MammalsOrder: CarnivoresFamily: Mustelidae Distribution: Lives in the Krasnodar Territory along the left-bank tributaries of the river. Kuban, in some rivers of the Black Sea region (Psou, Mzymta, Khosta, Sochi, Dagomy, etc.) It rises up to 2000 m above sea level in the mountains. Description: Long flexible body, muscular long tail, short limbs with swimming membranes between fingers, dense fur, undeveloped auricles, nostrils and external auditory canals, which close when immersed in water. Adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
Order: ArtiodactylsFamily: Swine Distribution: The Caucasian subspecies lives in the western Black Sea region from the sea coast to alpine meadows. In winter they descend into coastal forests. Sedentary groups live in the Khosta yew-boxwood grove and on the slopes of Akhun. The body is covered with hard bristles. The fangs of the upper jaw are directed with their ends to the side or upwards. The lower jaw of males is equipped with large 10-12 cm fangs protruding above the lips. In females, fangs are much less developed and covered with lips. In the Western Caucasus, the weight of males reaches 250 kg, females - 150 kg
Dormouse-shelfClass: Mammals Order: RodentsDistribution: Lives in mixed and deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory. In the Black Sea region, it is distributed from the sea coast to a height of 200 m above sea level. Description: Outwardly, it is somewhat similar to a squirrel. Body length 16-20 cm. Lives in hollows, rock crevices and nests. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle. The main food is beech fruits, various nuts, seeds, pears, apples, sometimes chicks and small insects.
Animals of the Kuban
Caucasian chamoisClass: MammalsOrder: ArtiodactylsFamily: BovidsDistribution: From heights of 260 m above sea level. the sea at the river Shahe and 180 m a.s.l. the sea at the river Mzymta (Akhtsu tract), to the highlands - 3200 m above sea level. seas for y.g. Chugush, Agepsta. Description: The most characteristic groups of 6-15 individuals. The average weight of adult males is 34 kg (highest - 42 kg), females - 28 kg. 210 species of herbaceous, woody and shrubby vegetation, mosses, lichens, mushrooms are used for food (Duben, 1976, 1977.1985). Hunting for chamois is prohibited, but every year several dozen of these animals are destroyed by poachers. The natural enemies of chamois are lynx, wolf, large birds of prey (golden eagle, bearded vulture
Caucasian bison (bison)Class: MammalsOrder: ArtiodactylsFamily: BovidsDistribution: In the forest, subalpine and alpine zones of the Caucasian Reserve at an altitude of 900-2100m above sea levelDescription: Caucasian mountain bison is a form of a wild animal, genetically 95% is a bison and only 5 % - bison. The largest mammal in Russia. Bison weight up to 1200 kg, height from front hooves to withers - 2 m, from head to tail - 3.5 m. By 1982 - 85. there were more than 1200 individuals, now a little more than 300 heads. Purebred mountain bison live in the Caucasian Reserve.
Bottlenose dolphinClass: MammalsOrder: CetaceansFamily: DolphinidaeDistribution: Black SeaDescription: They lead an aquatic lifestyle, feed mainly on fish, usually keep in small groups from several heads to 50-60 individuals, give birth to cubs under water, live up to 20-30 years. The bottlenose dolphin as a rare subspecies, endemic to the Black Sea, is listed in the international Red Book. The number of bottlenose dolphins in the Black Sea is about 36 thousand (Mikhalev, Savusin, Zelenaya, 1978) and there is a tendency to decrease
LynxClass: MammalsOrder: CarnivoresFamily: CatsDistribution: common in all foothill and mountainous regions from the belt of broad-leaved forests to the alpine highlands. Description: Lynx is the largest species of the cat genus. The Black Sea region of Russia is inhabited by the Caucasian subspecies of the beast. The body length of the Caucasian lynx is 66 - 104 cm, tail - 21 cm, carried - 12.2-24.15 kg. Leads a secretive lifestyle, a typical carnivore. The basis of nutrition is ungulates - chamois, tour, wild boar (usually piglets and gilts), roe deer, deer (usually young), rodents, birds, hares
The prairie dog is the gopher's closest relative and is very similar to it.
My young friends! We have borrowed all the riches of nature from future generations. We must protect and preserve all natural values, because future inhabitants of the Earth should also use all this.
The Krasnodar Territory is located in the southwestern part of Russia.
Entity formed on September 13, 1937 Russian Federation, borders on many regions, territories and republics: the Rostov region, the Stavropol Territory, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Adygea and Abkhazia.
Flora of the Krasnodar Territory
The Krasnodar Territory is famous mainly for the steppe vegetation from Rostov to the Kuban. Previously, feather grass, couch grass, vetch, timothy grass grew in these territories, and now wheat fields have taken their place.
Before the Krasnodar Territory became popular among tourists, hazel, wild almonds, and the ubiquitous blackthorn grew along the rivers. But now on the floodplains you can find willow, willow, poplar, alder. Also in these places grow: oaks, elders, thorns, wild roses and other plants.
The steppe vegetation is represented by sage, wormwood, as well as licorice, alfalfa and timothy.
Well-moistened areas of the Krasnodar Territory are overflowing with aquatic vegetation. On the estuaries you can see White flower, nymphaeum, steam-water walnut, duckweed and ferns. Along the estuaries, on the shore, reeds, cattails and kuga grow. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory there are places where lotuses grow.
Shallow estuaries and dry swamps are suitable for growing rice, so these places are often used by the population.
If we talk about the Black Sea coast and its vegetation, then it is worth noting the diversity of mountain nature.
The forests of these places are full of mosses, lianas and heat-loving plants. They are distinguished by their versatility. Due to the warm climate, fallen leaves create ground litter in autumn, so there is always young vegetation in the mountain forests. In such forests you can find oaks, beeches, chestnuts, lindens, maples. Also often there are such types of trees: birch, apple and pear, sweet cherry, cherry plum and dogwood.
The highland zone is suitable for the growth of firs.
Blueberries and mountain ash and rhododerod grow under tree trunks.
Behind the forests is subalpine. Umbrella and leguminous plants, ranunculus and Compositae. One of the representatives of these plants is cow parsnip, belous, rosette, primrose and cuffs.
Fauna of the Krasnodar Territory
The fauna of the Krasnodar Territory is quite wide and varied. Many animals living in these territories are listed in the Red Book.
Representatives of rare and protected animals are: polecat, Caucasian otter, golden eagle, bustard, serpent eagle, gravedigger, steppe eagle, osprey, pelicans and many other animals.
The forest zone is perfect for the habitat and life of many animals. For example, foxes, pheasants, quails, hedgehogs, moles, jerboas and hares.
The most valuable and rare species of animals are found in the mountains. Here you can meet wild boars, Caucasian deer, jackals, roe deer, mountain goats and bison. Predatory representatives are also brown bears, wolves, foxes, lynxes, badgers and others.
Otters and minks live near the rivers, and raccoon dogs are also found near them.
Rare species in the Krasnodar Territory are mountain goats, mountain bison, chamois, Caucasian snowcocks and Caucasian black grouse.
There are a lot of fish in the rivers, you can even meet sturgeon species.
Among the birds and galliformes, you can find many geese and ducks, sandpipers.
Representatives of reptiles are: marsh and Greek turtles, water and common snakes, steppe vipers and legless lizards.
There are a huge number of birds in the forests. Trills and flapping wings of magpies, orioles, thrushes, cuckoo jays and owls are heard in the valley. The sound of woodpeckers is heard everywhere. Harriers, falcons and hawks live on the flat territories.
Bitterns, black grouse, quails, mountain turkeys, cormorants, gulls, and owls are also found in the Krasnodar Territory. In cities and villages there are also a considerable number of birds: swallows, sparrows, pigeons, tits, starlings and others.
Climate in the Krasnodar Territory
Spring comes in early March. Characterized by temperature variability and strong winds. The average temperature in April is +10 degrees.
Summer in the Krasnodar Territory lasts almost 5 months. The average temperature is 25-30 degrees, sometimes higher. The Krasnodar summer is characterized by frequent rains followed by sunshine.
Autumn comes in October. The temperature during this period does not rise above 15 degrees, and closer to December it drops lower and lower. This month is characterized by heavy rainfall. The first snow falls in November, but lasts no more than 2 days.
Winter in the Krasnodar Territory is quite mild. The average winter temperature is between 0 and 2 degrees. There is almost no snow cover, only on mountain peaks.
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Deer DEER (solid-horned), a family of artiodactyl animals of the ruminant suborder. Males have horns (most branched), shed annually, growing again in spring. OK. 30 kinds. The most famous red deer, spotted deer, fallow deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, reindeer. Object of trade (meat, skin, horns). The number of a number of species is declining. 11 species and 20 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
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Boar BOAR (wild pig, wild boar), non-ruminant artiodactyl mammal of the pig family; forms more than 25 subspecies. Length 130-175 cm, weight 60-150 kg. The wild boar is unusually variable in size and proportions. The head is large, wedge-shaped extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, the snout is with a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter, with underfur. On the back, the bristles form a comb, which bristles when the animal is excited. Coloration from light brown to almost black. Piglets are striped.
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Wolf WOLF. Body length 100-140, tail 30-50 cm, height up to 90 cm, weight from 30 to 75 kg. The teeth are sharp, predatory with large fangs. Ears erect, pointed. Wolves have a very keen sense of smell, picking up the smell at a distance of 1.5 km. The fur is grey, thicker in winter than in summer. The wolf is active at night, feeds on any animals that live in its range. These are ungulates, small vertebrates, reptiles, egg laying, insects and berries. A hungry wolf is able to eat up to 10 kg of meat, but usually 2-6 kg. In times of famine, it does not disdain carrion. They live in packs of 6-10 individuals. The pack leader is almost always male. Wolves never lie in wait for prey, they drive it, dividing into small groups. Wolves make their lairs in rock crevices, on the slopes of ravines, under upturned tree roots. Sometimes they adapt the holes of other animals, less often they dig them on their own. Pregnancy lasts 63 days. In March-April, the she-wolf brings 4-8 cubs, which become completely independent by 6 months. The whole flock takes part in the upbringing and feeding of wolf cubs.
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Jackal JACKAL is a predatory mammal of the wolf family. The length of his body is up to 85 cm, the tail is about 20 cm; weight 7–13 kg. The color of the coat in winter is fawn, dirty yellow, with a noticeable red and black tint, the tail is reddish-brown with a black end. It is found in the south of Eurasia, in North Africa; in Russia, mainly in the North Caucasus. The Asian jackal prefers to settle in thickets of bushes and reeds, on plains, near rivers, lakes and seas. It is less common in the foothills. As shelters, the jackal uses natural niches and depressions, crevices among stones, and sometimes abandoned burrows. The animal is active mainly in the dark, but often during the day. It migrates only in search of food. The jackal is omnivorous, but feeds mainly on small animals: rodents, birds, fish, as well as insects, carrion and the remains of prey of large predators. Also eats fruits and berries, including grapes, watermelons, melons, plant bulbs. Living near the villages, he also hunts poultry. When going hunting, the jackal emits a loud howl, which is picked up by all its relatives located nearby. They often hunt alone or in pairs. The jackal forms pairs for life, the male takes an active part in creating a hole and raising offspring. The rut takes place from January to February. Pregnancy lasts about 2 months. Usually 4-6, less often 8 puppies are born. The Asian jackal is a carrier of dangerous diseases (rabies and plague). It has no commercial value.
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Hare hare HARES, a family of mammals of the order Lagomorphs. OK. 50 species, including hare, hare, wild rabbit, tolai, Manchurian hare. Some species are adapted for fast running, digging, swimming, climbing. They are distributed everywhere, with the exception of the island of Madagascar, the southern regions of South America and Antarctica. Lead an active, solitary lifestyle; do not have permanent shelters. They breed up to 4 times a year. There are 2-8 (up to 15) cubs in a litter. Cubs are born on bare ground, sighted, covered with wool. Already at the age of a few days they can move independently. Rabbits live in burrows in colonies. Cubs are born naked, blind, helpless. Object of trade and sport hunting (wild rabbit, hare, etc.). Some species of hares cause great damage to pastures, orchards, forest plantations. Some species spread carriers of natural focal infections. 4 species in the Red Book of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
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Wagtail Wagtail (pliska) (Motacilla), a genus of passerine birds. Length 16.5-18 cm; the tail is long, constantly swaying from top to bottom (hence the name). Painted in black, white, gray, yellow and greenish colors. 11 species live in Eurasia and Africa. In the Western Hemisphere, the only species is the yellow wagtail (M. flava). Destroy harmful insects.
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Bustard Bustards, a detachment of cranes. Similar to chickens. Weight 20-23 kg, the smallest 1-2 kg. The physique of the bustard is dense, the neck is of medium length and rather thick, the head is large. Being terrestrial birds, bustards have strong, thick, medium-length notes with wide and short toes, adapted to walking and running. Bustards are inhabitants of open spaces - steppes, savannas, prairies, deserts and semi-deserts. The food is varied, mostly vegetable. Most species do not drink water. The nest is located on the ground in the form of a recess lined with vegetation. The clutch contains 2-5 variegated eggs. . The chicks hatch in 20-30 days covered with down and soon leave the nest.
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Rhinoceros beetle Rhinoceros beetle, an insect of the lamellar family. Length 2.5-4.5 cm. The male has a horn curved back on its head. Distributed in Europe in mixed forests and steppes.
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Bumblebee Bumblebees, a genus of social insects of the superfamily of bees. Length up to 35 mm. OK. 300 species, widely distributed. The most important pollinators of plants, including fodder crops. The number of many species is declining, protected.
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Lizard LIZARDS - a suborder of reptiles of the scaly order. 20 families, including geckos, agamas, iguanas, monitor lizards, gila teeth, chameleons and others, more than 3900 species. They live on all continents except Antarctica, mainly in the tropics and subtropics; in steppes, deserts and forests. The body is 3.5 cm long, covered with keratinized scales. The body is flattened, laterally compressed (or cylindrical), of various colors. Most of the limbs are well developed. Many species of lizards are capable of shedding their tails (autotomy). Most lead a terrestrial lifestyle, some live in the soil, on trees, on rocks. Small lizards feed on invertebrates, mainly insects. Mostly oviparous, there are ovoviviparous and viviparous Lizard meat is edible, the skin is used for various handicrafts. Many species and subspecies of lizards
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Timofeevka Timofeevka, a genus of annual and perennial grasses of the grass family. OK. 20 kinds. Grown in mixture with legumes meadow timothy grass - fodder plant.
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Yarrow Yarrow, a genus of perennial herbs of the Compositae family. Over 100 species, mainly in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Infusion and extract of yarrow - hemostatic agents. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals.
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Nivyanik NIVYANIK, a genus of perennial herbs of the Compositae family. OK. 20 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia, mainly in mountainous regions. Common leucanthemum (L. vulgare), or popovnik, and some other lentils are ornamental plants.
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Clover Clover, a genus of perennial and annual grasses of the legume family. OK. 200 species, mainly in Eurasia and North. America. Grown in a mixture with cereals and in its pure form, mainly red clover. Forage plant (up to 400 centners per 1 ha of green mass, 60-80 centners per 1 ha of hay). Honey plant.
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Frogs Frogs are distributed throughout the world, except for the Arctic regions, southern South America, South Australia and New Zealand. In Russia, grass, pond, lake, moor frogs are often found. They feed mainly on insects, large individuals can also eat small vertebrates, including amphibians. Frogs breed mainly in water bodies, the female lays from 500 to 11 thousand eggs. During the breeding season, many frogs are characterized by a variety of sound signaling (concerts).
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Cattail cattail, a genus of perennial aquatic grasses of the cattail family. OK. 15 species, sometimes form extensive thickets along the banks of reservoirs and swamps in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Middle East. Asia. Stems and leaves are used as building material, for weaving baskets, etc.; rhizomes rich in starch are the food of muskrat, muskrat, nutria. The cattail family consists of a single genus cattail.
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Reed, a genus of perennial herbs of the sedge family. St. 250 species, around the globe; in moist places and in the water of rivers, lakes, swamps. Lake reed, or kuga, is a peat former. Some species are decorative. Reeds are often incorrectly referred to as reeds.
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Reed REED, a genus of large perennial grasses of the grass family. 5 species, mainly in the tropics, 1 species (common reed) - almost cosmopolitan; grows along the banks of reservoirs, swamps. It is used as a building material, for weaving mats, making rough grades of paper, and for fixing sands.
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Arrowhead Arrowleaf (sagittaria), a genus of perennial aquatic or marsh grasses of the chastukh family. OK. 20 species, in Eurasia, America; in Russia 4 species. Some arrowheads in tuberous formations contain starch. Arrowhead is a valuable food for ducks, muskrats, beavers.
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Slides captions:
Fauna and flora of the Kuban
Reservoirs of the Krasnodar Territory. Black and Azov seas
Kuban river
Chelbas Bolshaya Laba
Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve. The reserve was established in 1924. It is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range. The total area of the reserve is 280 thousand hectares. Main goals: nature protection, restoration of valuable species of animals and birds: bison, aurochs, Caucasian deer, etc.
Rivers flow through the territory of the reserve: Mzymta, Khosta, Shakhe, Sochi, Belaya, Malaya Laba, etc. There are more than 120 lakes here. They are small in area and are often completely free of ice only by the middle of summer. The largest lake in the reserve is Silence Lake. Lakes Huko, Kardyvach, Blue and Atsetuk lakes are distinguished by their special beauty.
The nature of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve is uniquely beautiful and diverse.
More than 3,000 plant species grow in the Krasnodar Territory. This richness is explained flora– variety of natural conditions in the region. The unreasonable economic activity of people has led to the fact that some plants become rare and endangered. They are listed in the Red Book of the Kuban.
Minerals of the Krasnodar Territory.
The Krasnodar Territory is the oldest oil-producing region in Russia. Oil production started in 1864.
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