COMPLEX OF PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MOSCOW

DEPARTMENT OF EXTRA-BUDGETARY PLANNING OF CITY DEVELOPMENT

MAIN PLAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

NIIMOSSTROY

DEPARTMENTAL
BUILDING REGULATIONS

INSTRUCTIONS
BY DEVICE TECHNOLOGY
WATERPROOFING AND STRENGTHENING
WALLS, FOUNDATIONS, GROUNDS
POLYMERIC HYDROPHOBIZING COMPOSITIONS

VSN 64-97

MOSCOW 1997

"Instruction on the technology of waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric hydrophobic compositions" was developed by NIIMosstroy (Ph.D. B.V. Lyapidevsky, Ph.D. A.F. Lander, senior researcher T. A. Kleiman).

When using this instruction, one should take into account the approved changes made to the standards and specifications for materials used for waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric water-repellent compositions.

Complex of perspective development of Moscow	Departmental building codes	VSN 64-97
Complex of perspective development of Moscow	Instructions for the technology of waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric water-repellent compositions	Introduced for the first time
Department of off-budget planning for the development of the city
General Plan Development Department

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.2. When performing the work specified in., it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings" and these instructions.

1.3. Polymer compositions offered for waterproofing and strengthening structures made of brick, stone, concrete are compositions based on water-repellent silicon compounds.

1.4. Compositions intended for waterproofing and strengthening the structure of walls and foundations must be checked for compliance with the technical requirements specified in this instruction.

1.5. Polymer compositions are delivered to construction sites ready for use.

1.6. Preparatory work must be completed before the start of waterproofing and strengthening of structures.

1.7. When performing waterproofing with polymer and polymer cement compositions, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction" and this instruction.

Rice. 1.1. Scheme of the mechanism of water absorption

Water absorption in liquid form:

1 - rain water; 2 - filtration water; 3 - rising moisture;

Water absorption in the form of water vapor:

4 - capillary condensation; 5 - hygroscopic water absorption; 6 - condensation

Work is permitted under the following conditions:

The outside air temperature must not be lower than +5°С;

From the outside, the walls must be frostbitten to at least half of their thickness, which is achieved by keeping at a stable round-the-clock temperature of +8°C for 5 consecutive days.

It is prohibited to carry out works on cover waterproofing:

In hot weather at an air temperature in the shade of + 27 ° C and with direct exposure to sunlight;

During rain and immediately after rain on a surface that has not absorbed water;

When the wind speed exceeds 10 m/s.

Waterproofing of internal surfaces is allowed to be carried out indoors at a temperature not lower than 10 ° C and relative air humidity not more than 80%.

2. TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR WORKS ON WATER PROTECTION AND STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURES

2.1. Before starting work on waterproofing and strengthening the structures of parts of buildings and structures by injection and coating methods, it is necessary:

Carefully inspect the surface of the insulated structures;

Clear all defective places (cracks, potholes, places not connected with mortar);

The surface to be treated must be clean, durable, free from residues of fuel oil, tar, cement mortar, oil and grease stains, rubber rubs, streaks, etc.;

If possible, the surface should be scraped or sandblasted;

Absorbent surfaces must be evenly moistened with plenty of water, avoiding the formation of puddles;

Damaged areas (chips, shells, cracks, etc.) are rubbed with a polymer-cement mortar from a dry mixture of a grade of at least 75, closed with an Asoplast-MC binder emulsion. (Asoplast-MTs - a synthetic emulsion based on butadiene and styrene - gives the solidified solution increased adhesion, increases elasticity and resistance to soaking, reduces water permeability, and increases chemical resistance).

2.2. In case of immediate waterproofing of wet surfaces, places of water leakage and seepage in basements, mines, etc. sealing cement FIX-10s is used.

2.3. If it is necessary to install horizontal waterproofing in the outer walls of the building, it is necessary to provide access for the installation of injectors and injection around the entire perimeter of the building (outside and inside).

2.4. Rusts and cracks in walls and ceilings should be made with a polymer-cement composition using a dry mix with Asoplast-MC and subsequent leveling.

The junctions of dissimilar materials must be glued with gauze on a 50% polyvinyl acetate plasticized (containing dibutyl phthalate GOST 18992-80) dispersion diluted with water 2: 1 or with Uniflex-B glue.

The gauze should be carefully smoothed, not have folds, swellings, and after the adhesive layer dries, it should not peel off from the surface.

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INJECTION WATERPROOFING MATERIALS

3.1. Application area:

To stop capillary absorption by creating a horizontal barrier during the repair of old buildings;

To eliminate voids and shells;

To eliminate leaks in concrete, if there are various types of fasteners (anchors, consoles, protruding supports, sleeves, etc.);

For sealing sinuses in underground structures filled with rubble, pieces of concrete, construction waste or lumpy soil;

For injection of the mixture during the construction of tunnels in fractured rocky soils behind the tunnel shell to fill the free space;

With poor-quality monolithic joints of prefabricated structures;

In those structures where the concrete has not been sufficiently compacted and there are separate gravel layers and loose working joints in it;

In case of violations of brick and rubble masonry, which occur during uneven foundation settlements, in the absence of proper dressing of the seams and their poor-quality filling;

To fill the void to prevent metal corrosion, eliminate water seepage;

In order to give solidity to the structure and increase its strength;

To fill the pores in the porous structure of concrete;

In the presence of deep cracks spread over the entire thickness of the structure.

3.2. requirements for injectables.

The composition must meet the following requirements:

Have a waterproofing property to stop capillary suction;

Be resistant to the action of water-soluble salts;

Be resistant to aggressive substances;

Have good adhesion to masonry or concrete;

The accepted pressure should not violate the strength of the structure and cause any deformation of it.

3.3. Compositions used for injection waterproofing (polymer).

3.3.1. Injection composition GUI-412e:

It is a hydrophobizing and strengthening solution consisting of a mixture of silicic acid esters with diluted solvents and hydrophobic - based on GKZh-11e with a solvent and dilution - two-component for injection hydrophobization;

Designed for conservation building materials, structural strengthening and volumetric hydrophobization of inorganic porous materials, as well as for external and internal works (injection waterproofing);

Prepared at the workplace in accordance with TU 2312-008-04000633-96;

It is slightly toxic and flammable before impregnation;

Storage: in tightly closed glass containers according to GOST 9980.1-86* (shelf life 1 year);

Transportation at a temperature not higher than +30°С;

Consumption for injection treatment per 1 hole with 2-fold filling - 1 liter.

3.3.2. Injection composition "Akvafin-F" company "Schomburg":

Ready-to-use solution for silicification based on hydrophobic silicon compounds. When interacting with lime, it forms insoluble chemical compounds that stop capillary suction;

It is intended for the termination of capillary absorption at works on repair of old buildings;

Hydrophobises and narrows or blocks the capillary structure in concrete and masonry;

Does not cause corrosion of reinforcing steel;

Technical data: base - silicon compounds, liquid; color - transparent; specific gravity- 1.2 g/cm 3 ;

Storage: in a warm room in closed containers. Shelf life 1 year;

Consumption is calculated based on the absorption capacity of the wall, according to the processing of the test hole.

For injection, it is necessary to make holes with a length of at least 2/3 of the wall thickness;

When processing walls with a thickness of more than 1 m, as well as in the corners of buildings, holes should be placed on both sides.

3.3.3. Injection composition "Aquafin-SMK":

Silicone microemulsion concentrate based on silanes and oligomeric siloxanes;

It is used for the device of horizontal waterproofing - a barrier of rising capillary moisture;

Technical data: basis - silane/siloxane; color - transparent; specific gravity - 0.95 g/cm 3 . Shelf life 9 months, store in a warm place;

Consumption: 1.5 - 2 kg of concentrate per 1 m 2 of the cross-sectional area of the wall;

Solvent-free, odorless, non-flammable, harmless to health.

3.4. Compositions used for injection insulation (polymer cement).

3.4.1. Fast-setting sealing mixture (BUS):

Aluminate-silicate non-toxic binder;

Properties:

self-sealing;

intensive expansion;

water resistance when minted;

easy clumping and good caulking.

Specifications: base - aluminous expanding cement, Portland cement, aluminous cement, chrysotile asbestos; color - gray;

Water-cement ratio of cement paste 0.28 - 0.32;

Waterproof - after a day should be waterproof;

2) injections without excess pressure for solutions based on silicon compounds.

Holes for injection should be drilled at intervals of no more than 15 cm with a diameter of 30 mm and at an angle of 45° to 30°. The length of the hole should be 5 - 8 cm less than the thickness of the wall.

Masonry with large cavities, hollow bricks, cracks or open joints of more than 5 mm should be filled with BUS or Asokret-BM materials before injection work. (.).

Drill cuttings should be removed from the holes before impregnation.

When working with Aquafin-F, the boreholes should be filled with a 0.1% solution of lime water before impregnation. The impregnation time is at least 24 hours.

Rice. 3.1. Drilling holes in stone structures

Rice. 3.2. Basement waterproofing scheme

Rice. 3.3. Basement waterproofing scheme at the facility

Rice. 3.4. Basement waterproofing scheme

Rice. 3.5. Scheme of sealing individual leaky injection sites

Then the holes are filled with BUS or Asokret-BM material.

3.5.2. Technology for strengthening the underground and above-ground parts of buildings and structures with polymer-cement compounds using the injection method:

the process of injecting a polymer-cement mixture consists of three operations:

1) preparation of wells in the body of the structure for the installation of injection tubes in them.

2) installation and termination of pipes.

3) injection of the mixture.

Preparation consists in clearing and expanding the place where it is supposed to install pipes with a diameter of 19 - 25 mm.

This removes weak mortar and unconsolidated gravel.

The number of prepared wells is set by the working scheme depending on the size and distribution of the defect.

The depth of the well is drilled in such a way that the tube enters it up to 50 - 70 mm at a certain angle, which ensures good drainage of the solution into the defective area.

Cleaning of shells and widening of cracks is carried out hand tool(scarpel, jumper, etc.). The prepared place is washed ().

When installing the pipes, it is necessary to ensure that they accurately hit the crack or sink that goes deep into the structure ().

Injection tubes are sealed with a 1:3 cement mortar with a cone draft of 2–3 cm.

The end of the tube should protrude from the body of the structure by 50 ... 100 mm to attach the hose to it.

The embedded tubes are kept for some time so that the solution gains the necessary strength ().

The cement mixture is prepared from cement grade 400 with a composition of 1: 1.5 (1 part cement and 1.5 parts water by volume). Preparing the mixture at the workplace metal barrels with a capacity of 40 - 60 l, thoroughly mixed for 2 - 3 minutes, filtered through a metal mesh, and then enters the pump. BUS or Asokret is diluted with water.

Rice. 3.6. Installation of injection pipes on the crack and pumping the solution with a pump

Injection is usually carried out by 2 people.

Through the installed tubes or directly into the borehole under a pressure of 0.2 - 2.0 MPa, injection compositions are injected "to failure".

Maintaining the maximum pressure in this state for 5 - 10 minutes.

After partial curing of the injection composition, the tubes are removed from the structure or cut flush with the surface of the structure, and the holes are sealed with a polymer-cement mortar.

Depending on the design, the nature of the destruction, the strength of the material and the amount of penetration of the pipes, the appropriate pressure is assigned for each individual case. As the well is saturated, the pressure gradually increases to the maximum set for a given design and material.

The accepted pressure should not violate the strength of the structure and cause any deformation. During the injection process, there comes a moment when the well stops receiving the solution, and a rapid rise in pressure indicates that the existing voids in the structure are filled and further injection should be stopped.

Sometimes injection is carried out in several stages with a break of one day. Re-injection is especially useful in underground structures, where there may be voids behind the wall, and the solution escaping through through cracks creates layers and fills the voids between the structure and the soil.

The amount of cement mixture injected into one well depends on the volume of the structure, its location, the nature and size of the defect, and the correct placement of the pipes.

A lot of the mixture goes away when injecting underground structures due to the lack of proper compaction of the soil, the presence of various foreign inclusions in it - construction debris, formwork boards, frozen clods of soil, etc. In this case, the solution sometimes spreads over considerable distances from the place of cementation ().

At the end of the work, the injection plastic tubes are removed either by cutting them flush with the structure, or by removing them from the concrete body, if no more than 16-24 hours have passed since the end of the injection. The remaining holes are filled with mortar.

3.5.3. The technology of strengthening the underground and above-ground parts of buildings with polymer compositions by the injection method is performed in the following sequence:

Holes are being drilled Æ 20 - 25 mm along the axis of cracks in defective areas or over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe structure. The technology of injection, the pitch, diameter, depth of the holes depend on the nature of the damage and are determined by the author of the project at the work site;

When compacting the material of structures (brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete) with undetected defects, the step of the holes is taken at the rate of 10 - 20 pieces / m 2 of the surface, and the depth of the holes is 2/3 of the thickness of the structure (;);

When creating horizontal waterproofing in external and internal walls the hole spacing is taken to be no more than 150 mm, the holes are arranged in two, three or more rows in a checkerboard pattern with a height offset of 100 - 150 mm (.; .; .);

Drill cuttings are removed from the holes by any means;

Metal tubes are installed in the holes of the boreholes (fittings 10–15 cm long, which are reinforced with cement or polymer cement mortars. In case of dense concrete (stone), the installation of tubes is optional, in this case injection is carried out using injectors;

For sealing cracks and in some cases (usually when brickwork) the surface of structures in order to prevent the leakage of injection compositions from it, as well as to level the surface of brick or stone structures (in the case of a subsequent paint waterproofing), polymer-cement plaster with a thickness of 10 - 20 mm (.).

Equipment for injection work is being prepared.

Injectable compositions are being prepared.

Rice. 3.7. Device for injection and cover waterproofing

3.5.4. Technological operations and equipment for drilling holes:

The special technology of NIIMosstroy includes the following technological operations:

marking of drilling places.

hole drilling,

installation of plastic tubes in the holes,

monolithic pipes with cement mortar - BUS,

injection or pouring into the hole of special compounds that fill microcracks and pores in the body of the wall and foundations and protect against water penetration;

The most labor-intensive and responsible operation is drilling blind oblique cylindrical holes with a diameter of 18–25 mm and a depth of up to 1 m. The holes are staggered, the distance between them horizontally and vertically is up to 150 mm;

The most effective means of making holes is the mechanization of these works using various types of manual punchers. Right choice determines the optimal labor intensity and quality of holes;

The mechanical method makes it possible to obtain holes by drilling, drilling, punching, cutting the material of a building structure, or a combination of these methods, for example, rotary percussion drilling;

Of all the mechanical methods of drilling holes, the most effective is the percussion-rotary one, since the wear of the RI during such drilling is approximately equal to the average wear value for other methods (percussion-rotary, rotational);

To make holes with a diameter of 18 - 25 mm, a depth of up to 0.1 m, heavy-duty hand-held electric drilling machines with a drilling diameter of up to 23 mm, such as PH-38 from AEG, GVN 7/45 from BOSCH, VN45E from ELU, equipped with tungsten carbide-reinforced twist drills;

The drills have universal slotted shanks, which allows the use of drills from various foreign companies.

Rice. 3.8. Wall reinforcement scheme

3.5.5. Technological operations, equipment and tools for injection and creation of a waterproofing barrier:

drilling and cleaning holes,

initial filling of holes with polymer-cement composition,

re-drilling and cleaning holes,

injections from working compositions GU-412e and GUI-412e,

re-filling holes with polymer cement mortar;

Primary filling of holes with polymer-cement composition is carried out after they are cleaned from drill cuttings. Filling and cleaning of holes from drill cuttings can be done by any available method (flushing, blowing, mechanical removal etc.);

Holes are filled through tubes without excess pressure with a lever-type hand pump, made specifically for pumping cement mortars, previously passed through a 0.63 mm sieve. After filling, before carrying out further work, a technological pause is maintained for at least one day;

re-drilling of the hardened material and cleaning of the holes is carried out after at least one day for the entire depth of the hole with the same diameter drill as during the initial drilling. Cleaning is carried out by washing, blowing, mechanical removal, etc.;

The injection of the working composition is carried out after cleaning the holes from drilling cuttings under a pressure of 0.1 - 0.2 MPa with the same pump or multiple pouring without pressure until full saturation;

The injection time under pressure is usually 5-10 minutes, the pressing is considered complete when on the outer surface around the hole into which the injection is made, the working composition protruding on the surface in the form of a rounded wet spot becomes noticeable. If it is impossible to determine in this way, then a special graduated glass tube is glued to the surface and filled with special compounds, and the saturation of the wall is determined by the consumption of this composition;

Re-filling the holes with polymer-cement material is performed after injections with the working composition with holding the technological pause until full saturation.

3.5.6. Safety precautions in the production of injection work.

When performing work on injection strengthening and waterproofing of building structures and structures with compositions based on modified compositions, it is necessary to follow the rules provided for by chapter SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction"; SN 245-71 "Sanitary standards for the design of buildings and structures".

It is necessary to systematically monitor the state of the air environment in the premises and the concentration harmful substances V working area, not allowing the maximum permissible concentrations to be exceeded (according to the sanitary standards for the design of enterprises). Work in the premises can be carried out if there is effective ventilation of the basement.

Before being allowed to work independently, workers must be instructed in safety and fire safety.

Those working with polymeric materials and compositions must have overalls and personal protective equipment (cotton overalls, cotton suits and rubber gloves).

In case of contact with the skin, it is necessary to clean the skin area with a swab and rinse with plenty of warm water.

The premises must be provided Fire safety: fire prevention system and fire protection system are provided.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and received a certificate for the right to work with these tools, as well as certified for the first group of safety precautions, are allowed to work with pneumatic tools.

In the event of malfunctions in the operation of the mechanisms, the necessary repairs may be carried out only after they have been stopped, de-energized and the supply of compressed air has been cut off.

The housings of all electrical mechanisms must be reliably grounded.

4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR POLYMERIC AND POLYMERCEMENT REINFORCING AND WATERPROOFING COMPOSITIONS

4.1. Application area.

The compositions are used for waterproofing concrete, masonry, plaster in underground structures (inside and outside), sewage treatment plants, water tanks, swimming pools, heating plants, mines, dams, locks.

4.2. Cover material requirements.

Cover materials must:

have a waterproofing property;

be resistant to the action of water-soluble salts;

be resistant to aggressive substances;

have an antiseptic effect;

have good adhesion to masonry or concrete.

4.3. Materials used for surface waterproofing.

Materials based on organosilicon compounds - GU-412e and based on cement-containing coatings - Akvafin-1K, Akvafin-2K and others are used for coating coating waterproofing.

4.3.1. Polymer composition GU-412e:

It is a composition consisting of a mixture of silicic acid esters with a solvent without dilution and a hydrophobic composition based on NGL-PE without dilution - two-component for top waterproofing.

Designed for the conservation of building materials, structural strengthening and for surface hydrophobization of inorganic porous materials, used for outdoor and indoor work;

Produced in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner;

According to physical and chemical indicators, it must comply with the requirements and standards specified in Table.

The composition is prepared at the workplace in accordance with TU 2312-009-04000633-96.

Toxic and flammable prior to application to the surface.

Storage: in tightly closed glass containers according to GOST 9980-1-86*; shelf life 1 year.

The polymer composition is transported at a temperature not exceeding +30°C.

Consumption: for cover treatment per 1 m 2 - 0.5 l.

4.3.2. Waterproofing coating Aquafin-1K of the company "Schomburg":

Supplied in powder form and prepared in a clean container with the addition of required amount clean water;

By stirring, it is brought to a consistency suitable for work with brushes, brushes or sprinklers and applied to the prepared surface;

Does not contain substances that destroy reinforcement and concrete.

After hardening forms a strong rigid covering.

If cracks are possible on the surface, then such surfaces should be treated with Aquafin-2K insulating agents.

4.3.3. Elastic cover waterproofing Aquafin-2K:

Elastic waterproofing coating, consisting of three weight parts of Aquafin-1K and one weight part of Uniflex-B (liquid elasticizer);

The hardened Aquafin-2K coating resists the negative pressure of ground and stagnant water and is elastic enough to bridge "hairy" cracks;

It is also used for waterproofing surfaces covered with ceramic tiles(pools, water storage tanks, etc.) and for terraces, balconies, roofs and in the restoration of old buildings;

In cold rainy weather and with highly moistened surfaces, a primer bonding layer of Aquafin-F and immediately Aquafin-1K should be applied first.

Examples of waterproofing basements of foundations, underground garages, balconies, under tiles, etc. are given on; ; ;

– new technology, widely used to strengthen and insulate the foundations of new buildings and existing construction projects. Effective method, which allows you to create a reliable waterproof membrane between structures and aggressive environments.

In the article we will consider the waterproofing of objects by the injection method, the features of the technology, how the work is done, what is required for them, as well as its advantages and disadvantages.

What is injection waterproofing?

- this is a waterproofing based on liquid polymers, pumped under pressure and works directly inside the building structure or in specially organized sections provided to minimize the consumption of the injection composition and the possibility of localizing leakage.

After entering the structure, helium polymer compositions polymerize, as a rule, within an hour, after which they acquire the ability to withstand very high pressure environment.

Application area

The method has long been used in foreign countries. In Russia, this unique technology has appeared recently, but has already gained popularity in the construction and repair industry.

This technique involves pumping waterproofing compounds into the foundation material and other building elements that are subject to destruction under the influence of a humid environment. For insulation work, special materials and equipment will be required.

The main goal is to strengthen and protect the foundation from destruction provoked by a humid environment. This method is relevant for increasing bearing capacity foundation, for fixing the soil and sealing the formed cracks.

Modern technology is also used to eliminate the inflow of water formed in the foundation, and to equip the cut-off waterproofing between the foundation and the wall of the building.

Technology

It is carried out using a special technology. All materials used remain liquid for 30-40 minutes. Their hardening is regulated by the catalysts included in the composition. Experts recommend that work be carried out at a temperature not lower than 5 degrees.

Waterproofing Injection Methods

The choice of technique depends on the selected material and the surface to be insulated.

Where the technology is applied:

For foundation injection. The best option- the use of a cement-sand composition based on silicates.
For waterproofing walls during the construction phase and during overhaul. It is recommended to use acrylic or polyurethane material.
For injection of basements and ground floors.
In order to strengthen the foundation of concrete structures, waterproofing of joints and cracks is carried out.
To improve the quality of a brick building, waterproofing is carried out by injection using hydrophobic compounds.
To strengthen old foundations and restore bearing capacity.
For isolating cold joints in reinforced concrete structures, etc.

Methods for applying injection waterproofing:

"Gravity" - involves filling holes drilled at an angle with material, followed by its movement under the action of gravity. When performing insulation by this method, fast-hardening compounds cannot be used.
"Under pressure" - filling of materials occurs under a pressure impulse. The pressure supply is provided by a pressure pump. It is possible to carry out work on this technology only in warm weather (not lower than 5 degrees Celsius).

Equipment for injection waterproofing

For waterproofing works injection method you will need a special metal packer and a high pressure pump.

materials

The foundation and other building surfaces are made using various materials.

What materials can be used:

Polyurethane polymer is a highly plastic material that can withstand various loads well. Economic consumption. Affordable cost. It is widely used to isolate foundations located on the territory of quicksand and loose soil.
Acrylic gel is a strong and stable material. Easily penetrates into the smallest pores of the foundation. Hardens quickly. Soil particles are used to strengthen the material, which provides additional protection against washout.
Epoxy material - used in dry construction. Hardens quickly on contact with air. After complete polymerization, the solid membrane becomes completely impermeable to water.
Materials based on siloxanes or silicates. When interacting with the main building material, they are converted into an emulsion that creates a highly effective barrier to water. Can be used for waterproofing surfaces with high humidity.

Stages of work

Waterproofing works by the injection method are carried out in stages, in accordance with important technological rules.

Stages of implementation:

Examination of the surface with the identification of points of localization of moisture penetration.
Drilling through holes in increments of up to 0.5 m. Diameter - up to 20 mm. Additional holes are made in places of localization.
Drilling blind holes along fault lines or cracks.
Metal packers are inserted into the created holes, ball valves are fixed to their outer part.
A tank with a waterproofing compound is connected to the ends of the fixed taps.
The composition is transported through the tube by gravity or under the influence of pressure (depending on the chosen method of injection).
After the material has hardened, the tubes are removed.
The outer surface is covered with a layer of moisture-resistant plaster or cement-sand mortar.

Advantages and disadvantages

Has many advantages. This technique eliminates the need for earthworks when strengthening the foundation of ready-made buildings. The mixtures used do not contain harmful impurities, therefore they are absolutely safe for the human body.

Due to the low density of the compositions, a high penetrating ability of the material is ensured. When carrying out work, it is not necessary to carry out preliminary drying, injection gels have good adhesion to wet surfaces. Waterproofing can be performed even in cold weather, the main thing is to choose the appropriate material adapted to low temperatures.

What other advantages does injection waterproofing have:

it is possible to perform work at the construction stage and after the construction of the building;
the technology is used during major repairs;
the result is guaranteed high-quality waterproofing with a reliable membrane that envelops the entire surface.

The disadvantages include the high cost of materials, the need to use special equipment and the mandatory observance of technological rules. In the absence of skills, it is better to entrust this work to specialists.

Features of injection of various designs

It is carried out according to the standard scheme, but has some features when performing work at different construction sites.

To improve the performance of the erected building, walls are injected. Works are carried out at the construction stage or during the overhaul.

When the foundation is injected, vertical waterproofing is performed with the creation of a horizontal barrier that prevents the penetration of moisture.

External and internal waterproofing is carried out when injecting basements.

To strengthen the foundations of concrete structures, waterproofing of cold and moving joints is carried out.

To increase the strength and moisture resistance of brick buildings, insulation is made using hydrophobic compounds.

To date, quality work is carried out by specially trained craftsmen who have all the necessary equipment in their arsenal.

Today, the term "injection waterproofing" can be understood as a very wide area of waterproofing work.

And often there is a substitution of concepts or ordinary confusion.

The purpose of this article is not the ultimate truth, but our idea of this fairly popular, currently, concept that we want to convey to you, based on a specific example: the availability of materials for injection waterproofing in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system.

To begin with, let's understand the terms a little, so that we ourselves do not allow the substitution of concepts or confusion.

Waterproofing - a sequence of measures using special building materials, the purpose of which is to prevent contact with a specific building structure or to prevent the penetration of water into the building structure.

Types of waterproofing

All of the above types of waterproofing combine the following disadvantages:

they all form a waterproof coating on the concrete surface
with the exception of plaster waterproofing, they all require a protective coating against mechanical damage
in the event of mechanical damage or destruction of the integrity of the waterproofing coating created with their help, the concrete structure becomes defenseless against water
to prevent contact or penetration of water into the concrete structure, all of the above types of waterproofing can only be used at the construction stage, since they are applied only on the outside of the protected structure, forming a waterproofing coating on the concrete structure from the ground (for underground structures) or water (for structures which come into contact with water during operation)
when water penetrates into the premises, to restore the waterproofing of the above types, a complete excavation of the structure, the creation of a new waterproofing coating and backfilling of the pit are required.

Penetrating and injection waterproofing: buy and waterproof concrete

The following types of waterproofing are fundamentally different from those listed above, as they change the internal structure of the concrete structure in different ways, turning the concrete itself into a waterproof environment.

These types of waterproofing can be divided into the following categories:

1. Penetrating (penetrating) waterproofing:

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is due to a special chemical composition waterproofing material of penetrating action and the method of "delivery" of these special chemical components inside the concrete mass with a subsequent change in the structural composition, giving the structure the property of water resistance.

The second name of this type of waterproofing is penetrating, it is no coincidence.

So this type of waterproofing began to be called by the name of the company, which 50 years ago was the first to produce waterproofing materials of penetrating action - PENETRON.

And when these materials began to gain more and more popularity every year, these materials, and then the type of waterproofing, began to be called "penetrating".

2. Injection, or injection waterproofing, the price of which, by the way, is quite low:

To perform waterproofing work using the injection waterproofing technology, special equipment is required, since, unlike penetrating waterproofing (when waterproofing material penetrating action "PENETRON" penetrates into concrete as a result of physical processes, and water resistance is given to concrete for the entire thickness of the concrete as a result chemical processes)
injection materials are injected into the concrete under pressure by special pumps.

In addition, injection materials, in contrast to the penetrating material, are not chemically similar to concrete, usually they are polymeric compositions, which, due to their initial viscous flow state, are called injection resins.

Because injection resins are much more viscous than water, they cannot fill the capillaries of concrete, so concrete injection is usually a waterproofing job for cracks created during service.
Injection resin, for example, when penetrating into cracks in the floor or walls, turns into a solid state, reliably waterproofing static cracks, that is, not subject to deformation.

But, often, cracks in concrete are formed in those places where periodic deformations of concrete occur.

For cracks in such places, a change in the width of their opening with time is characteristic.

They are called dynamic, and for their waterproofing an injection resin is used, which, after hitting the floor or walls, forms an elastic filling of the crack cavity, which makes it possible to provide waterproofing when the width of the crack opening changes.

If water flows from a crack, the cavity of which must be filled with injection material, then before applying the injection waterproofing, it is necessary to stop this leak.

To do this, injection into concrete is carried out in such a way as to get into the crack as close as possible to the outer side of the concrete structure.

In this case, an injection resin is used which is hydroactive, ie. which, upon contact with water, begins to increase very quickly in volume, filling the crack, thereby preventing the flow of water. After the water stops flowing, the cavity is filled with an injection resin, which creates a durable waterproofing of the cavity.

Injection resins, included in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system, are effective materials for creating waterproofing of cracks that have arisen during the operation of concrete structures by injection (injection) into concrete. You can buy injection waterproofing at Penetron-Moscow.

Materials for creating injection waterproofing
Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENESPLITSIL	Two-component polyurethane resin for injection into dry and wet cracks, including mobile ones. Polymerization time - 40 min. Purpose: sealing of static and mobile cracks, cutoff of capillary rise of moisture.	Low viscosity, which allows sealing cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; High adhesion to concrete, metal and plastic; The reaction products of the resin are resistant to acids, alkalis and microorganisms.	Metal cans 19.2 kg + 22.8 kg	46 872,00

PENEPURFOM	A two-component, hydroactive polyurethane resin that foams on contact with water to form a waterproof foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through cracks. There are three types of material that differ in polymerization time: 1. PenePurFom N - 5 min. 2. PenePurFom HP - 3 min.	Low viscosity, due to which the material penetrates into cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; The ability to select the required type of material, depending on the intensity of water filtration.	Metal canisters 20 kg + 24 kg	36 212,00

	3. PenePurFom R - 1.5 min.			36 617,00
PENEPURFOM 65	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof rigid foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static cracks in concrete, brick and stone structures.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; Ability to effectively fill voids and compact the soil behind the structure, due to low viscosity and a large increase in resin volume (65 times).	metal canister	19 680,00

Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENEPURFOM 1K	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof elastic foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static and moving cracks; filling the cavity of expansion joints.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; The ability to carry out effective sealing of moving cracks due to the elasticity of the material.	metal canister	17 820,00

Catalysts for one-component resins
	Catalyst PenePurFom 65 Catalyst - accelerator, significantly reducing the polymerization time of the polyurethane resin "PenePurFom 65"		Metal can 1 kg	2 070,00
	Catalyst PenePurFom 1K The catalyst is an accelerator that significantly reduces the polymerization time of the PenePurFom 1K polyurethane resin.		Metal can 1 kg	2 340,00
Equipment
	Manual piston pump EK-100M Designed for injection of polyurethane resins.			32 000,00
	Piston pump with electric drive EK-200 Designed for injection of polyurethane one- or two-component resins.			90 000,00
	Injector (packer) for piston pumps EK-100 and EK-200.

Buildings made of concrete and brick are durable, stable, able to withstand strong mechanical loads and temperature changes. But joints remain between the plates, groundwater penetrates into the expansion joints, and any crack in the wall can become a source of leakage. Waterproofing concrete foundation, masonry or brickwork helps to prevent the "flood". With its help, you can eliminate existing leaks and, by closing the cracks in the plates, prevent the appearance of new ones.

Injection waterproofing involves restoring the integrity of the system with a hydrophobic material. During the work, a polymer injection is made: a substance is pumped under pressure into the destroyed structure. Varmastroy uses powerful pumps that are safe for concrete slabs and bricks. The advantage of the method is the absence of the need to dismantle structures for the sake of injection.

Varmastroy performs injection restoration of:

working (cold) seams;
expansion joints;
microdefects and cracks;
inputs engineering communications;
attachment nodes.

The contractor offers a cut-off insulation device. All work is carried out using modern European sealants.

Cold seams

It is technologically impossible to pour all concrete structures at the same time. Molecular tension arises between the old, already frozen, and the new layer. Sooner or later, water begins to seep through the working seam. The liquid destroys the concrete slab and the reinforcement inside. As a result, the strength of the entire structure is reduced.

Defect locations:

flat or ribbed floors;
foundation;
columns;
beams.