COMPLEX OF PERSPECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF MOSCOW

DEPARTMENT OF EXTRA-BUDGETARY PLANNING OF CITY DEVELOPMENT

MAIN PLAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT

NIIMOSSTROY

DEPARTMENTAL
BUILDING REGULATIONS

INSTRUCTIONS
BY DEVICE TECHNOLOGY
WATERPROOFING AND STRENGTHENING
WALLS, FOUNDATIONS, GROUNDS
POLYMERIC HYDROPHOBIZING COMPOSITIONS

VSN 64-97

MOSCOW 1997

"Instruction on the technology of waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric hydrophobic compositions" was developed by NIIMosstroy (Ph.D. B.V. Lyapidevsky, Ph.D. A.F. Lander, senior researcher T. A. Kleiman).

When using this instruction, one should take into account the approved changes made to the standards and specifications for materials used for waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric water-repellent compositions.

Complex of perspective development of Moscow	Departmental building codes	VSN 64-97
	Instructions for the technology of waterproofing and strengthening walls, foundations, bases with polymeric water-repellent compositions	Introduced for the first time
Department of off-budget planning for the development of the city
General Plan Development Department

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.2. When performing the work specified in., it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings" and these instructions.

1.3. Polymer compositions offered for waterproofing and strengthening structures made of brick, stone, concrete are compositions based on water-repellent silicon compounds.

1.4. Compositions intended for waterproofing and strengthening the structure of walls and foundations must be checked for compliance with the technical requirements specified in this instruction.

1.5. Polymer compositions are delivered to construction sites ready for use.

1.6. Preparatory work must be completed before the start of waterproofing and strengthening of structures.

1.7. When performing waterproofing with polymer and polymer cement compositions, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction" and this instruction.

Rice. 1.1. Scheme of the mechanism of water absorption

Water absorption in liquid form:

1 - rain water; 2 - filtration water; 3 - rising moisture;

Water absorption in the form of water vapor:

4 - capillary condensation; 5 - hygroscopic water absorption; 6 - condensation

Work is permitted under the following conditions:

The outside air temperature must not be lower than +5°С;

From the outside, the walls must be frostbitten to at least half of their thickness, which is achieved by keeping at a stable round-the-clock temperature of +8°C for 5 consecutive days.

It is prohibited to carry out works on cover waterproofing:

In hot weather at an air temperature in the shade of + 27 ° C and with direct exposure to sunlight;

During rain and immediately after rain on a surface that has not absorbed water;

When the wind speed exceeds 10 m/s.

Waterproofing of internal surfaces is allowed to be carried out indoors at a temperature not lower than 10 ° C and relative air humidity not more than 80%.

2. TECHNOLOGY OF PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR WORKS ON WATER PROTECTION AND STRENGTHENING OF STRUCTURES

2.1. Before starting work on waterproofing and strengthening the structures of parts of buildings and structures by injection and coating methods, it is necessary:

Carefully inspect the surface of the insulated structures;

Clear all defective places (cracks, potholes, places not connected with mortar);

The surface to be treated must be clean, durable, free from residues of fuel oil, tar, cement mortar, oil and grease stains, rubber rubs, streaks, etc.;

If possible, the surface should be scraped or sandblasted;

Absorbent surfaces must be evenly moistened with plenty of water, avoiding the formation of puddles;

Damaged areas (chips, shells, cracks, etc.) are rubbed with a polymer-cement mortar from a dry mixture of a grade of at least 75, closed with an Asoplast-MC binder emulsion. (Asoplast-MTs - a synthetic emulsion based on butadiene and styrene - gives the solidified solution increased adhesion, increases elasticity and resistance to soaking, reduces water permeability, and increases chemical resistance).

2.2. In case of immediate waterproofing of wet surfaces, places of water leakage and seepage in basements, mines, etc. sealing cement FIX-10s is used.

2.3. If it is necessary to install horizontal waterproofing in the outer walls of the building, it is necessary to provide access for the installation of injectors and injection around the entire perimeter of the building (outside and inside).

2.4. Rusts and cracks in walls and ceilings should be made with a polymer-cement composition using a dry mix with Asoplast-MC and subsequent leveling.

The junctions of dissimilar materials must be glued with gauze on a 50% polyvinyl acetate plasticized (containing dibutyl phthalate GOST 18992-80) dispersion diluted with water 2: 1 or with Uniflex-B glue.

The gauze should be carefully smoothed, not have folds, swellings, and after the adhesive layer dries, it should not peel off from the surface.

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR INJECTION WATERPROOFING MATERIALS

3.1. Application area:

To stop capillary absorption by creating a horizontal barrier during the repair of old buildings;

To eliminate voids and shells;

To eliminate leaks in concrete, if there are various types of fasteners (anchors, consoles, protruding supports, sleeves, etc.);

For sealing sinuses in underground structures filled with rubble, pieces of concrete, construction waste or lumpy soil;

For injection of the mixture during the construction of tunnels in fractured rocky soils behind the tunnel shell to fill the free space;

With poor-quality monolithic joints of prefabricated structures;

In those structures where the concrete has not been sufficiently compacted and there are separate gravel layers and loose working joints in it;

In case of violations of brick and rubble masonry, which occur during uneven foundation settlements, in the absence of proper dressing of the seams and their poor-quality filling;

To fill the void to prevent metal corrosion, eliminate water seepage;

In order to give solidity to the structure and increase its strength;

To fill the pores in the porous structure of concrete;

In the presence of deep cracks spread over the entire thickness of the structure.

3.2. requirements for injectables.

The composition must meet the following requirements:

Have a waterproofing property to stop capillary suction;

Be resistant to the action of water-soluble salts;

Be resistant to aggressive substances;

Have good adhesion to masonry or concrete;

The accepted pressure should not violate the strength of the structure and cause any deformation of it.

3.3. Compositions used for injection waterproofing (polymer).

3.3.1. Injection composition GUI-412e:

It is a hydrophobizing and strengthening solution consisting of a mixture of silicic acid esters with diluted solvents and hydrophobic - based on GKZh-11e with a solvent and dilution - two-component for injection hydrophobization;

Designed for conservation building materials, structural strengthening and volumetric hydrophobization of inorganic porous materials, as well as for external and internal works (injection waterproofing);

Prepared at the workplace in accordance with TU 2312-008-04000633-96;

It is slightly toxic and flammable before impregnation;

Storage: in tightly closed glass containers according to GOST 9980.1-86* (shelf life 1 year);

Transportation at a temperature not higher than +30°С;

Consumption for injection treatment per 1 hole with 2-fold filling - 1 liter.

3.3.2. Injection composition "Akvafin-F" company "Schomburg":

Ready-to-use solution for silicification based on hydrophobic silicon compounds. When interacting with lime, it forms insoluble chemical compounds that stop capillary suction;

It is intended for the termination of capillary absorption at works on repair of old buildings;

Hydrophobises and narrows or blocks the capillary structure in concrete and masonry;

Does not cause corrosion of reinforcing steel;

Technical data: base - silicon compounds, liquid; color - transparent; specific gravity- 1.2 g/cm 3 ;

Storage: in a warm room in closed containers. Shelf life 1 year;

Consumption is calculated based on the absorption capacity of the wall, according to the processing of the test hole.

For injection, it is necessary to make holes with a length of at least 2/3 of the wall thickness;

When processing walls with a thickness of more than 1 m, as well as in the corners of buildings, holes should be placed on both sides.

3.3.3. Injection composition "Aquafin-SMK":

Silicone microemulsion concentrate based on silanes and oligomeric siloxanes;

It is used for the device of horizontal waterproofing - a barrier of rising capillary moisture;

Technical data: basis - silane/siloxane; color - transparent; specific gravity - 0.95 g/cm 3 . Shelf life 9 months, store in a warm place;

Consumption: 1.5 - 2 kg of concentrate per 1 m 2 of the cross-sectional area of ​​the wall;

Solvent-free, odorless, non-flammable, harmless to health.

3.4. Compositions used for injection insulation (polymer cement).

3.4.1. Fast-setting sealing mixture (BUS):

Aluminate-silicate non-toxic binder;

Properties:

self-sealing;

intensive expansion;

water resistance when minted;

easy clumping and good caulking.

Specifications: base - aluminous expanding cement, Portland cement, aluminous cement, chrysotile asbestos; color - gray;

Water-cement ratio of cement paste 0.28 - 0.32;

Waterproof - after a day should be waterproof;

2) injections without excess pressure for solutions based on silicon compounds.

Holes for injection should be drilled at intervals of no more than 15 cm with a diameter of 30 mm and at an angle of 45° to 30°. The length of the hole should be 5 - 8 cm less than the thickness of the wall.

Masonry with large cavities, hollow bricks, cracks or open joints of more than 5 mm should be filled with BUS or Asokret-BM materials before injection work. (.).

Drill cuttings should be removed from the holes before impregnation.

When working with Aquafin-F, the boreholes should be filled with a 0.1% solution of lime water before impregnation. The impregnation time is at least 24 hours.

Rice. 3.1. Drilling holes in stone structures

Rice. 3.2. Basement waterproofing scheme

Rice. 3.3. Basement waterproofing scheme at the facility

Rice. 3.4. Basement waterproofing scheme

Rice. 3.5. Scheme of sealing individual leaky injection sites

Then the holes are filled with BUS or Asokret-BM material.

3.5.2. Technology for strengthening the underground and above-ground parts of buildings and structures with polymer-cement compounds using the injection method:

the process of injecting a polymer-cement mixture consists of three operations:

1) preparation of wells in the body of the structure for the installation of injection tubes in them.

2) installation and termination of pipes.

3) injection of the mixture.

Preparation consists in clearing and expanding the place where it is supposed to install pipes with a diameter of 19 - 25 mm.

This removes weak mortar and unconsolidated gravel.

The number of prepared wells is set by the working scheme depending on the size and distribution of the defect.

The depth of the well is drilled in such a way that the tube enters it up to 50 - 70 mm at a certain angle, which ensures good drainage of the solution into the defective area.

Cleaning of shells and widening of cracks is carried out hand tool(scarpel, jumper, etc.). The prepared place is washed ().

When installing the pipes, it is necessary to ensure that they accurately hit the crack or sink that goes deep into the structure ().

Injection tubes are sealed with a 1:3 cement mortar with a cone draft of 2–3 cm.

The end of the tube should protrude from the body of the structure by 50 ... 100 mm to attach the hose to it.

The embedded tubes are kept for some time so that the solution gains the necessary strength ().

cement mixture prepared from cement grade 400 with a composition of 1: 1.5 (1 part cement and 1.5 parts water by volume). Preparing the mixture at the workplace metal barrels with a capacity of 40 - 60 l, thoroughly mixed for 2 - 3 minutes, filtered through a metal mesh, and then enters the pump. BUS or Asokret is diluted with water.

Rice. 3.6. Installation of injection pipes on the crack and pumping the solution with a pump

Injection is usually carried out by 2 people.

Through the installed tubes or directly into the borehole under a pressure of 0.2 - 2.0 MPa, injection compositions are injected "to failure".

Maintaining the maximum pressure in this state for 5 - 10 minutes.

After partial curing of the injection composition, the tubes are removed from the structure or cut flush with the surface of the structure, and the holes are sealed with a polymer-cement mortar.

Depending on the design, the nature of the destruction, the strength of the material and the amount of penetration of the pipes, the appropriate pressure is assigned for each individual case. As the well is saturated, the pressure gradually increases to the maximum set for a given design and material.

The accepted pressure should not violate the strength of the structure and cause any deformation. During the injection process, there comes a moment when the well stops receiving the solution, and a rapid rise in pressure indicates that the existing voids in the structure are filled and further injection should be stopped.

Sometimes injection is carried out in several stages with a break of one day. Re-injection is especially useful in underground structures, where there may be voids behind the wall, and the solution escaping through through cracks creates layers and fills the voids between the structure and the soil.

The amount of cement mixture injected into one well depends on the volume of the structure, its location, the nature and size of the defect, and the correct placement of the pipes.

A lot of the mixture goes away when injecting underground structures due to the lack of proper compaction of the soil, the presence of various foreign inclusions in it - construction debris, formwork boards, frozen clods of soil, etc. In this case, the solution sometimes spreads over considerable distances from the place of cementation ().

At the end of the work, the injection plastic tubes are removed either by cutting them flush with the structure, or by removing them from the concrete body, if no more than 16-24 hours have passed since the end of the injection. The remaining holes are filled with mortar.

3.5.3. The technology of strengthening the underground and above-ground parts of buildings with polymer compositions by the injection method is performed in the following sequence:

Holes are being drilled Æ 20 - 25 mm along the axis of cracks in defective areas or over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe structure. The technology of injection, the pitch, diameter, depth of the holes depend on the nature of the damage and are determined by the author of the project at the work site;

When compacting the material of structures (brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete) with undetected defects, the step of the holes is taken at the rate of 10 - 20 pieces / m 2 of the surface, and the depth of the holes is 2/3 of the thickness of the structure (;);

When creating horizontal waterproofing in external and internal walls the hole spacing is taken to be no more than 150 mm, the holes are arranged in two, three or more rows in a checkerboard pattern with a height offset of 100 - 150 mm (.; .; .);

Drill cuttings are removed from the holes by any means;

Metal tubes are installed in the holes of the boreholes (fittings 10–15 cm long, which are strengthened with cement or polymer cement mortars. In case of dense concrete (stone), the installation of tubes is optional, in this case injection is carried out using injectors;

For sealing cracks and in some cases (usually when brickwork) the surface of structures in order to prevent the leakage of injection compositions from it, as well as to level the surface of brick or stone structures (in the case of a subsequent paint waterproofing), polymer-cement plaster with a thickness of 10 - 20 mm (.).

Equipment for injection work is being prepared.

Injectable compositions are being prepared.

Rice. 3.7. Device for injection and cover waterproofing

3.5.4. Technological operations and equipment for drilling holes:

The special technology of NIIMosstroy includes the following technological operations:

marking of drilling places.

hole drilling,

installation of plastic tubes in the holes,

monolithic pipes with cement mortar - BUS,

pumping or pouring into a hole special formulations filling microcracks and pores in the body of the wall and foundations and protecting against water penetration;

The most labor-intensive and responsible operation is drilling blind oblique cylindrical holes with a diameter of 18–25 mm and a depth of up to 1 m. The holes are staggered, the distance between them horizontally and vertically is up to 150 mm;

The most effective means of making holes is the mechanization of these works using various types of manual punchers. The right choice determines the optimal labor intensity and quality of holes;

The mechanical method makes it possible to obtain holes by drilling, drilling, punching, cutting the material of a building structure, or a combination of these methods, for example, rotary percussion drilling;

Of all the mechanical methods of drilling holes, the most effective is the percussion-rotary one, since the wear of the RI during such drilling is approximately equal to the average wear value for other methods (percussion-rotary, rotational);

To make holes with a diameter of 18 - 25 mm, a depth of up to 0.1 m, heavy-duty hand-held electric drilling machines with a drilling diameter of up to 23 mm, such as PH-38 from AEG, GVN 7/45 from BOSCH, VN45E from ELU, equipped with tungsten carbide-reinforced twist drills;

The drills have universal slotted shanks, which allows the use of drills from various foreign companies.

Rice. 3.8. Wall reinforcement scheme

3.5.5. Technological operations, equipment and tools for injection and creation of a waterproofing barrier:

drilling and cleaning holes,

initial filling of holes with polymer-cement composition,

re-drilling and cleaning holes,

injections from working compositions GU-412e and GUI-412e,

re-filling holes with polymer cement mortar;

Primary filling of holes with polymer-cement composition is carried out after they are cleaned from drill cuttings. Filling and cleaning of holes from drill cuttings can be done by any available method (flushing, blowing, mechanical removal etc.);

Holes are filled through tubes without excess pressure with a lever-type hand pump, made specifically for pumping cement mortars, previously passed through a 0.63 mm sieve. After filling, before carrying out further work, a technological pause is maintained for at least one day;

re-drilling of the hardened material and cleaning of the holes is carried out after at least one day for the entire depth of the hole with the same diameter drill as during the initial drilling. Cleaning is carried out by washing, blowing, mechanical removal, etc.;

The injection of the working composition is carried out after cleaning the holes from drilling cuttings under a pressure of 0.1 - 0.2 MPa with the same pump or multiple pouring without pressure until full saturation;

The injection time under pressure is usually 5-10 minutes, the pressing is considered complete when on the outer surface around the hole into which the injection is made, the working composition protruding on the surface in the form of a rounded wet spot becomes noticeable. If it is impossible to determine in this way, then a special graduated glass tube is glued to the surface and filled with special compounds, and the saturation of the wall is determined by the consumption of this composition;

Re-filling the holes with polymer-cement material is performed after injections with the working composition with holding the technological pause until full saturation.

3.5.6. Safety precautions in the production of injection work.

When performing work on injection strengthening and waterproofing of building structures and structures with compositions based on modified compositions, it is necessary to follow the rules provided for by chapter SNiP III-4-80 * "Safety in construction"; SN 245-71 "Sanitary standards for the design of buildings and structures".

It is necessary to systematically monitor the state of the air environment in the premises and the concentration harmful substances V working area, not allowing the maximum permissible concentrations to be exceeded (according to the sanitary standards for the design of enterprises). Work in the premises can be carried out if there is effective ventilation of the basement.

Before being allowed to work independently, workers must be instructed in safety and fire safety.

Those working with polymeric materials and compositions must have overalls and personal protective equipment (cotton overalls, cotton suits and rubber gloves).

In case of contact with the skin, it is necessary to clean the skin area with a swab and rinse with plenty of warm water.

The premises must be provided Fire safety: fire prevention system and fire protection system are provided.

Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training and received a certificate for the right to work with these tools, as well as certified for the first group of safety precautions, are allowed to work with pneumatic tools.

In the event of malfunctions in the operation of the mechanisms, the necessary repairs may be carried out only after they have been stopped, de-energized and the supply of compressed air has been cut off.

The housings of all electrical mechanisms must be reliably grounded.

4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR POLYMERIC AND POLYMERCEMENT REINFORCING AND WATERPROOFING COMPOSITIONS

4.1. Application area.

The compositions are used for waterproofing concrete, masonry, plaster in underground structures (inside and outside), sewage treatment plants, water tanks, swimming pools, heating plants, mines, dams, locks.

4.2. Cover material requirements.

Cover materials must:

have a waterproofing property;

be resistant to the action of water-soluble salts;

be resistant to aggressive substances;

have an antiseptic effect;

have good adhesion to masonry or concrete.

4.3. Materials used for surface waterproofing.

Materials based on organosilicon compounds - GU-412e and based on cement-containing coatings - Akvafin-1K, Akvafin-2K and others are used for coating coating waterproofing.

4.3.1. Polymer composition GU-412e:

It is a composition consisting of a mixture of silicic acid esters with a solvent without dilution and a hydrophobic composition based on NGL-PE without dilution - two-component for top waterproofing.

Designed for the conservation of building materials, structural strengthening and for surface hydrophobization of inorganic porous materials, used for outdoor and indoor work;

Produced in accordance with the technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner;

According to physical and chemical indicators, it must comply with the requirements and standards specified in Table.

The composition is prepared at the workplace in accordance with TU 2312-009-04000633-96.

Toxic and flammable prior to application to the surface.

Storage: in tightly closed glass containers according to GOST 9980-1-86*; shelf life 1 year.

The polymer composition is transported at a temperature not exceeding +30°C.

Consumption: for cover treatment per 1 m 2 - 0.5 l.

4.3.2. Waterproofing coating Aquafin-1K of the company "Schomburg":

Supplied in powder form and prepared in a clean container with the addition of required amount clean water;

By stirring, it is brought to a consistency suitable for work with brushes, brushes or sprinklers and applied to the prepared surface;

Does not contain substances that destroy reinforcement and concrete.

After hardening forms a strong rigid covering.

If cracks are possible on the surface, then such surfaces should be treated with Aquafin-2K insulating agents.

4.3.3. Elastic cover waterproofing Aquafin-2K:

Elastic waterproofing coating, consisting of three weight parts of Aquafin-1K and one weight part of Uniflex-B (liquid elasticizer);

The hardened Aquafin-2K coating resists the negative pressure of ground and stagnant water and is elastic enough to bridge "hairy" cracks;

It is also used for waterproofing surfaces covered with ceramic tiles(pools, water storage tanks, etc.) and for terraces, balconies, roofs and in the restoration of old buildings;

In cold rainy weather and with highly moistened surfaces, a primer bonding layer of Aquafin-F and immediately Aquafin-1K should be applied first.

Examples of waterproofing basements of foundations, underground garages, balconies, under tiles, etc. are given on; ; ;

If you need high-quality injection waterproofing, then REMSTROYHYDRO is the right choice.

Waterproofing by injection

Injection waterproofing is used to protect a building from the damaging effects of moisture. The use of this technology involves the introduction of a special substance inside the wall or foundation, which allows you to create a protective layer that repels moisture. What types of injection waterproofing do we offer:

• - Protection of a brick wall, cut-off waterproofing of the foundation by the injection method;
• - Isolation of the concrete joint from moisture;
• - We work with foam and deformation seam.
  The price of injection waterproofing is acceptable. Let's consider each type of service in more detail.

Waterproofing masonry

Injection waterproofing brick walls can be done independently. The execution algorithm is simple - you need to drill holes at an angle and inject inside. After the injection of the walls, a special substance will do the rest of the work. For 90 days, the walls will dry out. After performing this procedure, you can get rid of a wet wall in a residential building.
Injection waterproofing of the foundation is produced using a similar technology. If you have any questions regarding this procedure, we recommend that you contact our specialist.
Injection waterproofing of foundations and walls allows you to completely get rid of the threat of excessive moisture. The use of this technology will make it possible to extend the life of the building. Most of the facilities under construction have a recessed part, which is completely underground. Therefore, full protection against moisture is always relevant. Leakage most often occurs through working and expansion joints - waterproofing floor joints will make it possible to significantly improve protection against moisture.
Particular attention should be paid to the places where the structural elements meet and to the areas where communications have been connected. Sealing seams with waterproofing is a popular service.

Concrete joint waterproofing

Waterproofing the cold joint of concrete by injection is becoming popular in modern construction. The working cold joint of concreting is formed in the process of laying concrete structures. This area is extremely vulnerable to mechanical stress and temperature extremes. If moisture enters and freezes, cracks appear inside the concrete joint, which leads to loss of strength. Injection of concrete under pressure can solve the problem and patch the damaged area. The reason for ordering this service is to create an effective barrier to moisture, which leads to the destruction of the reinforcement.
The integrity of the building structure is at risk. Sealant must be used to waterproof joints in concrete. It is important to process the following places:

• - Column connections and ribbed ceilings;
• - Joints of slabs and foundation;
• - Seams along the edges of beams made of various materials.
  During the waterproofing of a cold concrete joint, it is necessary to perform jointing, cleaning and caulking. Next, holes are made for the introduction of a waterproofing solution. It may also be necessary to inject concrete into the ground to improve the strength of the foundation.

Waterproofing the foam joint

Foam seams are also highly susceptible to moisture damage. Despite the high strength of the frozen substance, frozen water easily breaks the foam mass, creating cracks. Injections into the foam concrete wall will protect the seam from constant exposure to moisture.
Professionals recommend waterproofing the seams from the inside at the construction stage to significantly increase the durability of the building. In any case, this procedure can be carried out at any convenient time. Thanks to the ease of use of the technology, after three months you will receive a durable barrier that repels moisture, but allows air to pass through.
Waterproofing the joints between the slabs does not affect the ventilation rate. To get a good result, it is recommended to use the services of our company. We will provide professionals capable of producing everything within a short period of time. necessary actions to complete the task.

Seam waterproofing

Waterproofing panel seams of houses is an important stage of construction. It allows you to restore the protective layer inside the building without excavating the soil. In most cases, repairs are carried out inside the house. The surface is processed locally and if the cut-off structure is damaged for some reason, repairs can be made at any time.
Waterproofing of interpanel seams makes it possible to get rid of cracks, restoring bearing capacity building. The bulk layer prevents the formation of decompressions. This technology also increases the strength of expansion joints placed in hard-to-reach places. Modern builders today have no idea how they used to do without waterproofing the joints between floor slabs.
Thanks to the technology described above, construction company workers have more opportunities to improve the bearing capacity of the building and achieve total cut-off of the wall or seam from moisture. It is very important to contact a trusted contractor who is able to complete the task in accordance with the established algorithm. Despite the simplicity of execution, trusting a professional is a smart decision.

Waterproofing expansion joint

Modern materials for waterproofing expansion joints can partially get rid of the destructive effects of moisture. However, over time, the joints of various building structures begin to lose strength. Therefore, many owners of buildings order the service of waterproofing expansion joints from the inside. This technology allows for a short period of time to establish a full protection of water.
LH is a section in the building structure, which divides the whole structure into separate blocks. This allows you to reduce the amount of load on the object in the place of possible deformation. After the work is completed, a hollow space filled with filler is formed. The waterproofing unit of the expansion joint does not allow moisture to penetrate into the filler, which significantly reduces the degree of destruction.
In the course of work, it is sometimes necessary to partially dismantle the joint filler and lay a new one in two layers. Further, holes are drilled and injection materials are introduced. The expansion joint waterproofing device is simple and effective. During the final stage, the holes are caulked. The injection method of this type requires professionalism.

When repairing damages and repairing cracks and voids in concrete structures, and also if the situation requires a radical impact, when moisture, rising through the capillaries, impregnates the walls from the bottom up, injection technologies are removed from the construction arsenal.

Injection waterproofing- this is a method of waterproofing, carried out by pumping special compounds through prepared holes into the soil adjacent to building structures, the structure, or into the seams and cracks of building structures.

This method of waterproofing requires the availability of specialized equipment and the skill of the workers, and is expensive.

injection technology

1. Hole drilling
2. Installation and tightening of internal packers (connecting elements between the pump and the structure)
3. Installation of a check valve on the first packer and the beginning of the process of pumping the composition
4. As soon as the injected material begins to flow out of the adjacent packer, a check valve is installed on it
5. Termination of injection on the first packer and continuation of the process on the second (adjacent).

The distance between the holes and the injection pressure are assigned depending on the permeability of the processed array and the viscosity of the injection composition.

Waterproofing filter
surfaces

Membrane injection consists in forming a waterproof membrane on the outside of the structure, which prevents water from entering the damaged underground parts of the building.

The device of an injection impervious curtain is used in case of impossibility of carrying out repair work from the outside of the structure, or in the presence of mobile cracks, as well as in the case of high costs associated with the waterproofing device from the outside.

To form a waterproof coating over the entire area of ​​the leaking structure, holes are drilled in a checkerboard pattern with an interval of 30-50 cm. Injection is carried out evenly, moving from one side to the other and from bottom to top.

Horizontal wall waterproofing

The restoration of horizontal waterproofing to protect masonry walls from capillary suction by injection is an effective and widely used solution. To create a horizontal barrier at the bottom of the wall, holes are made in two rows and pumped through with an injection compound.

Waterproofing large volumes of masonry

Materials with very low viscosity and long curing times are ideal for wall injection. Due to this, such compositions fill both the seams of the masonry and impregnate the pores of the brick.

Waterproofing cracks in concrete

Cracking in concrete is prerequisite its shrinkage. Cracks can appear in concrete in a plastic or hardened state due to internal stresses caused by temperature changes and changes in water content.

Crack repair
and filling voids in concrete

The presence of various cracks adversely affects the bearing capacity of the structure. Water often accumulates in damaged places, moisture enters the room through cracks, and subsequently it begins to increase.

The use of traditional methods, as a rule, does not lead to an effective solution to the problem.

One of the ways to eliminate such problems is to inject cracks with glued packers, which increase the bearing capacity and strength of structures by filling voids and gluing structures in the area of ​​crack formation.

Today, the term "injection waterproofing" can be understood as a very wide area of ​​waterproofing work.

And often there is a substitution of concepts or ordinary confusion.

The purpose of this article is not the ultimate truth, but our idea of ​​​​this fairly popular, currently, concept that we want to convey to you, based on a specific example: the availability of materials for injection waterproofing in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system.

To begin with, let's understand the terms a little, so that we ourselves do not allow the substitution of concepts or confusion.

Waterproofing - a sequence of measures using special building materials, the purpose of which is to prevent contact with a specific building structure or to prevent the penetration of water into the building structure.

Types of waterproofing

All of the above types of waterproofing combine the following disadvantages:

• they all form a waterproof coating on the concrete surface
• with the exception of plaster waterproofing, they all require a protective coating against mechanical damage
• in the event of mechanical damage or destruction of the integrity of the waterproofing coating created with their help, the concrete structure becomes defenseless against water
• to prevent contact or penetration of water into the concrete structure, all of the above types of waterproofing can only be used at the construction stage, since they are applied only on the outside of the protected structure, forming a waterproofing coating on the concrete structure from the ground (for underground structures) or water (for structures which come into contact with water during operation)
• when water penetrates into the premises, to restore the waterproofing of the above types, a complete excavation of the structure, the creation of a new waterproofing coating and backfilling of the pit are required.

Penetrating and injection waterproofing: buy and waterproof concrete

The following types of waterproofing are fundamentally different from those listed above, as they change the internal structure of the concrete structure in different ways, turning the concrete itself into a waterproof environment.

These types of waterproofing can be divided into the following categories:

1. Penetrating (penetrating) waterproofing:

The principle of operation of this waterproofing is due to a special chemical composition waterproofing material of penetrating action and the method of "delivery" of these special chemical components inside the concrete mass with a subsequent change in the structural composition, giving the structure the property of water resistance.

The second name of this type of waterproofing is penetrating, it is no coincidence.

So this type of waterproofing began to be called by the name of the company, which 50 years ago was the first to produce waterproofing materials of penetrating action - PENETRON.

And when these materials began to gain more and more popularity every year, these materials, and then the type of waterproofing, began to be called "penetrating".

2. Injection, or injection waterproofing, the price of which, by the way, is quite low:

To perform waterproofing work using the technology of injection waterproofing, special equipment is required, since, unlike penetrating waterproofing (when the waterproofing material of penetrating action "PENETRON" penetrates into concrete as a result of physical processes, and water resistance is imparted to concrete to the full thickness of the concrete as a result of chemical processes)
injection materials are injected into the concrete under pressure by special pumps.

In addition, injection materials, in contrast to the penetrating material, are not chemically similar to concrete, usually they are polymeric compositions, which, due to their initial viscous flow state, are called injection resins.

Because injection resins are much more viscous than water, they cannot fill the capillaries of concrete, so concrete injection is usually a waterproofing job for cracks created during service.
Injection resin, for example, when penetrating into cracks in the floor or walls, turns into a solid state, reliably waterproofing static cracks, that is, not subject to deformation.

But, often, cracks in concrete are formed in those places where periodic deformations of concrete occur.

For cracks in such places, a change in the width of their opening with time is characteristic.

They are called dynamic, and for their waterproofing an injection resin is used, which, after hitting the floor or walls, forms an elastic filling of the crack cavity, which makes it possible to provide waterproofing when the width of the crack opening changes.

If water flows from a crack, the cavity of which must be filled with injection material, then before applying the injection waterproofing, it is necessary to stop this leak.

To do this, injection into concrete is carried out in such a way as to get into the crack as close as possible to the outer side of the concrete structure.

In this case, an injection resin is used which is hydroactive, ie. which, upon contact with water, begins to increase very quickly in volume, filling the crack, thereby preventing the flow of water. After the water stops flowing, the cavity is filled with an injection resin, which creates a durable waterproofing of the cavity.

Injection resins, included in the line of materials for the PENETRON waterproofing system, are effective materials for creating waterproofing of cracks that have arisen during the operation of concrete structures by injection (injection) into concrete. You can buy injection waterproofing at Penetron-Moscow.

Materials for creating injection waterproofing
Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENESPLITSIL	Two-component polyurethane resin for injection into dry and wet cracks, including mobile ones. Polymerization time - 40 min. Purpose: sealing of static and mobile cracks, cutoff of capillary rise of moisture.	Low viscosity, which allows sealing cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; High adhesion to concrete, metal and plastic; The reaction products of the resin are resistant to acids, alkalis and microorganisms.	Metal cans 19.2 kg + 22.8 kg	46 872,00
PENEPURFOM	A two-component, hydroactive polyurethane resin that foams on contact with water to form a waterproof foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through cracks. There are three types of material that differ in polymerization time: 1. PenePurFom N - 5 min. 2. PenePurFom HP - 3 min.	Low viscosity, due to which the material penetrates into cracks with an opening width of 0.15 mm; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; The ability to select the required type of material, depending on the intensity of water filtration.	Metal canisters 20 kg + 24 kg	36 212,00
	3. PenePurFom R - 1.5 min.			36 617,00
PENEPURFOM 65	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof rigid foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static cracks in concrete, brick and stone structures.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; Ability to effectively fill voids and compact the soil behind the structure, due to low viscosity and a large increase in resin volume (65 times).	metal canister	19 680,00

Material name	Description	Peculiarities		Cost, rub. (in view of VAT)
PENEPURFOM 1K	One-component, hydroactive, injectable material based on polyurethane resins. Upon contact with water, it foams to form a waterproof elastic foam. Purpose: stop pressure leaks through static and moving cracks; filling the cavity of expansion joints.	The ability to control the polymerization time using a catalyst; The possibility of sealing cracks and seams through which water is abundantly filtered; The ability to carry out effective sealing of moving cracks due to the elasticity of the material.	metal canister	17 820,00
Catalysts for one-component resins
	Catalyst PenePurFom 65 Catalyst - accelerator, significantly reducing the polymerization time of the polyurethane resin "PenePurFom 65"		Metal can 1 kg	2 070,00
	Catalyst PenePurFom 1K The catalyst is an accelerator that significantly reduces the polymerization time of the PenePurFom 1K polyurethane resin.		Metal can 1 kg	2 340,00
Equipment
	Manual piston pump EK-100M Designed for injection of polyurethane resins.			32 000,00
	Piston pump with electric drive EK-200 Designed for injection of polyurethane one- or two-component resins.			90 000,00
	Injector (packer) for piston pumps EK-100 and EK-200.