Creative work in physics "Fountains" (Grade 7). How to make a do-it-yourself Heron fountain from bottles How to make the easiest fountain for physics
Poptsov Egor, Maksimov Alexey
The educational project was presented at the First School Scientific and Practical Conference and delighted all listeners. because the working model of the fountain, made by the hands of children and parents, delighted everyone throughout the conference. In this paper, you will get acquainted with the basics of designing simple inventions with a minimum of knowledge in physics.
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Creative project "Fountains" Completed by: Poptsov Egor Maksimov Alexey, 7 "A" class Physics teacher: Bukhalova M.N.
Project goals: To get acquainted with the principle of the fountain. Using the properties of communicating vessels, construct a fountain model.
Project Objectives: To study the physical basis of the fountain's operation To construct a fountain with your own hands
The first stage of the project: information. They say there are three things that you can look at endlessly - fire, water and stars. The air near the reservoir is always clean, fresh and cool. And it is not in vain that they say that water “cleanses”, “washes”, not only the body, but also the soul.
The history of fountains begins in Ancient Greece and continues in Ancient Rome. Fountains were also used in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Proof of this is the drawings on ancient tombstones. Fountains were originally used to water gardens and plants. According to Eastern canons, the garden was supposed to reflect four substances: water, plants, flowers and music. Story
Thus, already in ancient times, people thought about how to create artificial reservoirs, they were especially interested in the riddle of running water. The word fountain is of Latin-Italian origin, it comes from the Latin “fontis”, which translates as “source”. In terms of meaning, this means a stream of water beating upwards or flowing out of a pipe under pressure.
Natural Known naturally formed fountains called geysers (Yellowstone Park) Man-made A man-made fountain is a gushing oil well. Batteries from many hot water fountains are used to cool it in thermal power plants. Decorative In everyday life, a specific hydraulic structure is called a fountain, which usually performs a decorative function. Types of fountains
There are water fountains of natural origin - springs spouting with jets.
In nature, there are giant fountains of hot water and steam. They are called geysers. They can often be found near volcanoes.
From an architectural point of view, a fountain is a structure that serves as a base or fence for jets of water flowing up and flowing down. Fountains were originally built as a public source of drinking water. Later, the combination of green spaces, moving water from fountains and architectural compositions became one of the means of creating unique artistic and figurative solutions in modern architecture.
A modern city cannot be imagined without a fountain. Light and music fountain in the city park of Almetyevsk. Light-dynamic fountain on the square near the recreation center "Neftche" in Almetyevsk (reconstruction).
Fountain in the park of Leninogorsk. The upper bowl of the fountain composition of the sanatorium "YAN" of the Almetyevsk region of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Communicating Vessels Vessels that have a message or a common bottom between them are called communicating vessels. In life, such vessels are often found. Various kettles, watering cans, water-gauge glasses for steam boilers, a tube bent at the knee are all examples of communicating vessels.
The free surfaces of a fluid at rest in communicating vessels of any shape are at the same level. Water poured into a watering can, into a teapot, fills the spout of these vessels, because columns of the same liquid of the same height produce the same pressure. If the liquid in the communicating vessels is at different levels, then the so-called liquid pressure is created. Head is the pressure produced by the weight of a column of liquid with a height equal to the difference in levels. Under the action of this pressure, the liquid, if the clamp is removed, will flow into the vessel where its level is lower until the levels are equal. Natural pressure has water falling from a height, for example, in mountain rivers, near a dam. The higher the dam, the greater will be the pressure of the water raised by this dam. In engineering, the difference in water levels in communicating vessels is often called the pressure of water.
What is the use of them? The Perfect Fountain is your first step to a new level of relaxation and awareness. Your goal is to achieve a higher sense of peace, calmness and serenity. There are many fountains that can relieve you of stress. Relaxation and stress relief.
Landscaping and decor. The fountain can become a bright center, attracting the eyes of people to itself and increasing the beauty of any room. It serves as a functional decorative piece that can be enjoyed while contemplating and listening. Fountains are often placed in gardens, foyers, offices, waiting rooms, lobbies, living rooms and bedrooms.
Device The device of the fountain is based on the principle of communicating vessels known to us from physics. Water is collected in a container located above the fountain pool. In this case, the water pressure at the outlet of the fountain will be equal to the difference in water heights H1. H1 Accordingly, the greater the difference between these heights, the stronger the pressure and the higher the fountain jet hits. The diameter of the outlet of the fountain also affects the height of the fountain jet. The smaller it is, the higher the fountain hits.
In order to build a model of a fountain, you need a reservoir of water, such as a wide jar, a rubber or glass tube, a pool from a low tin can. The higher the tank is raised and the thinner the outlet, the higher the water jet will hit. Therefore, it is better to use a pipette for the fountain tube, removing the rubber band from it. The rest of the device can be masked by creating a model of a beautiful corner of the garden with a fountain. The second stage of the project: practical work.
Today, as in all times, our urgent task is the protection of nature and respect for it. Fountains will help us with this. And not only in this: the use of devices from improvised means makes learning effective and the development of creative abilities. The most important thing: physics is not scary, physics is interesting!
Resources: Internet articles http://jtdigest.narod.ru/dig1 "Heron's fountain in your apartment" Ozhegov S.N. Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: 80 thousand words and phraseological expressions / Russian Academy Sciences. Institute of the Russian Language. V.V. Vinogradova. - 4th ed.; supplemented. - M .: Azbukovnik, 1999. - 944 p. Large soviet encyclopedia. -M., 1977.-vol. 27 Technique: Encyclopedia / Designed. Series by L. Yakovlev. - M .: LLC "ROSMEN-IZDAT", 2000.-399s.-(Children's Encyclopedia). Y.I. Perelman "Entertaining Physics" book 2, TRIAD-LITERA Moscow, 1994.
Thank you for your attention!
Scientific research project
Section: Scientific and technical creativity
Subject:"Creating a Fountain Model"
Scientific adviser: Ryazanova Tatyana Nikolaevna
2015
Table of contents:
Introduction…………………………………………………….……3
Main part
The history of fountains…………..……………4
Operating principle……………………………………………6
Varieties………………………………………………...6
Fountains of the city of Podolsk and the Podolsk region……..8
Experimental part………………………………....9
Conclusion……………………………………………………...10
List of used literature………………………….…11
Application………………………………………………………..12
Introduction
Relevance of the problem: dThe effect of water on a person can be called truly magical. The murmur of the fountain relieves stress, calms and makes you forget about worries.Feng Shui experts will say that the water element “lures” health and even provokes career. And practical people know that the fountain moisturizes the air and also works as a natural ionizer.
Research objectives: to expand the field of knowledge on the topic “Communicating vessels”, to consider the operation of the law of communicating vessels using the example of a fountain layout.
Tasks:
1. Study the material about fountains: their types and principles of operation.
2. Design a model of the fountain and use it to conduct experiments that explain the principle of the fountain.
3. Create a list of fountains in the city of Podolsk.
4. Analyze the information received and draw conclusions about the device and the principle of operation of the fountains.
Methods:
Studying literary and other information sources, conducting experiments, analyzing information and results.
Main part
The history of the fountains
Fountain - a jet of liquid, gas, thrown up from a pipe or hole by pressure force.The first fountains originated in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia , as evidenced by the images on ancient tombstones. Initially, they were used not so much for beauty, but for watering cultivated crops and ornamental plants. The Egyptians built fountains orchards near the house, where they were installed in the middle of a rectangular pond. Similar fountains were used in Mesopotamia and Persia, famous for their beautiful gardens. Here in the East they have become even more popular. According to certain canons, the Persian oriental garden was supposed to reflect four essences - water, flowers, plants and music, which can be seen on ancient images and carpet drawings. Muslim gardens were surrounded by terraces of multi-colored tiles, the spray of the fountain, reflected from them, created an unusual play of light and shadow. Later, in their likeness, gardens were built in Toledo, Granada and other cities.
In gardens of another type, unity was created - water, flowers, trees, light and shadow. Gardens are a prime example of such landscape architecture.Taj Mahal in India and Shalimar Gardens . In such gardens, an important accent is full-flowing springs running down from the mountains, where at the foot of their channels they artificially turn, creating ponds and waterfalls. Fountains were of great importance in China and Japan. Most famouskyoto japanese garden - Buddhist monks participated in its creation. Each element of this garden carries special meaning and evokes a certain mood and state of mind in visitors. Persian gardens served as the landscape and architectural basis for fountains and gardens in Europe. In the Middle Ages, gardens appeared at monasteries and, like a Persian garden, were divided into four parts - for flowers, herbs, vegetable crops And fruit trees. In the middle of the garden there was a well or fountain - a place of solitude, reflection and prayer for the novices of the monastery. But basically, as in ancient world, in the Middle Ages, fountains were used as sources of water supply - for irrigation and drinking. Only with the beginning of the Renaissance, fountains in Europe become part of the architectural ensemble, its bright accent, and sometimes the main element. The Roman style became dominant.
Help to natural sources pumps came and instead of underground springs, fountains beat on the Roman hills. An example of the Italian Renaissance isVilla Lante . Gradually, new trends in architecture spread throughout Europe. The greatest dawn of landscape and park art was achieved in France in the 17th century, its crowning achievement wasVersailles - the king of regular parks, which became the basis for the creation of similar palace and park ensembles around the world. It was the fountains of Versailles that inspired Peter I to the idea of Peterhof.
It must be admitted that the fountains of Peterhof in some way surpassed their French prototype. This is a grandiose museum of fountain art of the XVIII-XIX centuries. There are many single and multi-jet fountains, solo, paired, grouped in rows, fountains in the form of water bells and pillars. The patterns of the jets are not repeated, they are fans, bouquets, veils, etc. Peterhof fountains are also different in sound - from a barely audible rustle to a deafening triumphant roar.
At the end of the 17th century, with the advent of "romanticism", landscape art also underwent a change. Came into fashionparks in English style» when everything is closest to the "wild" nature, without glamor and pomposity. The architecture of water sources was also distinguished by its natural naturalness and simplicity.
Modern fountains compete in height.King Fahd Fountain located on the Red Sea, it rises to a height of 260 m, in good weather it can reach a height of 318 m (for comparison, the height of the Eiffel Tower is 300m). Advanced technologies and new inventions play a significant role in modern fountains.
The most expensive and largest fountain complex in the world is the Dubai Fountain (Dubai Fountain). The length of the fountain is 275 m, and its area is comparable to the area of three standard football fields. The initial height to which the jets rose was 150 meters, later the height increased to 275 meters. It belongs to the type of dancing fountains. Its repertoire includes classical, Arabic and pop music, and the fountain “performs” a different dance to each of the melodies. The Dubai Fountain complex consists of an artificial reservoir located at the foot of the tallest building in the world, the Burj Khalifa, hundreds of jets that can rise to a height of 310 m, 6600 spotlights and 25 colored spotlights. True, the most powerful water guns require recharging after use, so they are turned on only at the brightest moments of the performance. The building has its own system of pumps and water purification. A year after the opening, the fountain was modernized, adding smoke generators and gas nozzles to the design, and now the water symphony can be accompanied by the effects of smoke and fire. The largest and most expensive fountain on Earth has set another record - it is the brightest point in Asia that can be seen from space, and on Earth, during performances, the light show can be seen from 32 km away.
Now the ideas of art have received a new incarnation - combining the ideas of architects, artists and specialists in high-tech areas. An enchanting play of color, the art of lighting, a combination of music, light, and dynamics has become a new trend. Progress does not stand still, who knows what the fountains will be like by the middle of this century...
Operating principle
Over time, eras and styles have changed, and with them the fountains, as their reflection. But the principle of operation of the fountains is almost the same. They work on the principle of communicating vessels [Appendix 1]. From the beginning of the 17th century, fountains began to be powered by mechanical pumps, which gradually replaced steam plants, and then electric pumps.
It is believed that the fountains owe their existence to the famous Greek mechanic Heron of Alexandria, who lived inI- IIcentury AD It was Heron who directly pointed out that the flow rate, or the rate of distributed water, depends on its level in the reservoir, on the cross section of the canal and the speed of the water in it. The device invented by Heron serves as one of the samples of knowledge in antiquity (20 years before Christ) in the field of hydrostatics and aerodynamics.
Types of fountains
Fountains are artificial and natural. Geysers, springs and artesian waters.
Hot water with steam spouting from a hole in the ground is called a geyser. Such fountains gush out of the ground on the island of Iceland, in Yellowstone Park in the USA, on the North Island of New Zealand and in Kamchatka. "Geyser" means "gush" in Icelandic.
Geysers are always located where there are volcanoes. Hot magma rises to the surface of the Earth and strongly heats the rock, which contains groundwater. Water accumulates in small and large cracks, finding no way out, heats up and finally boils. In this case, a lot of steam is formed, which is under high pressure and breaks up into the neck of the previously formed geyser. There is a strong eruption, first of steam, and then of water, and it lasts until the underground "reservoir" is empty. The next release will occur only when underground water accumulates again and heats up to a boil.
spring, source, key- the natural outlet of groundwater to the earth's surface. The man liked springs gushing in small jets. Over time, architects and architects began to frame the springs decorative stone. Masters showed miracles of ingenuity, decorating springs.
artesian waters- pressure groundwater enclosed in aquifers of rocks between water-resistant layers. Usually found in depressions, forming artesian pools. When opening a borehole, artesian waters rise above the aquifer, sometimes gushing.
Let's get acquainted now with artificial fountains. Since ancient times, people have not only enjoyed waterfalls and streams, rivers and seas, but also created artificial reservoirs and fountains to admire them. Water has such a beneficial effect on nervous system a person that in some clinics, contemplation of flowing streams of water is used as one of the methods for treating depressive disorders.
Street, area fountains. Fountains have always been one of the most beloved hydraulic structures of mankind. Fountains were invented in hot countries - for a purely practical purpose: in the summer heat, jets of water that shoot upwards bring saving coolness. They have not lost their popularity to this day.
landscape fountains. The fountain on the site near the house usually becomes a very attractive place for its inhabitants. A beautiful fountain is the best medicine from stress and hassle Everyday life. Listening to the soothing sounds of flowing water, contemplating its smooth streams, a person gets the opportunity to forget about everyday problems and troubles, to escape from the anxieties and experiences that fill life in a modern city. The fountain becomes an oasis of peace and joy, a place for relaxation and self-contemplation.
Musical fountains - These are complex complexes with the use of automation. The height and shape of the jets, color design are set using software.
Interior, indoor fountains . Placing a fountain in your home becomes the center of the interior of the living space, beautiful fountain usually turns into a favorite vacation spot for the whole family. After all, there is nothing more pacifying than the calm contemplation of flowing water.
It is especially important to create the right effect for the water feature. Types of fountain jets:
Longline;
flowing;
bubbling;
Bell;
Column;
Geyser.
There are fountains: jet, cascade, mechanical, cracker fountains (for example, in Peterhof), of different heights, shapes, and each has its own name. Previously, all fountains were direct-flow, that is, they worked directly from the water supply, now “circulating” water supply is used using powerful pumps.
Fountains of Podolsk
Singing fountain in Podolsk. Fountain of the "Tornado" series with spotlights based on RGB LEDs used for the first time in Russia. Creates a unique water-light musical extravaganza.
Fountain in the park. Talalikhina
Podolsk, st. Working
Sculptural composition in combination with the fountain "The First Ball of Natasha Rostova".It was opened on October 5, 2014 on the Day of the city of Podolsk. The rotating dancing couple - Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky, with a fountain makes a fantastic impression.
Podolsk, Leo Tolstoy Boulevard
Fountain on the territory of the estate ensemble with the Church of the Sign Holy Mother of God in Dubrovitsy.
Fountain on Lenin Square. Opened in the summer of 2004 for the 223rd anniversary of the city. Refurbished in 2006
Experimental part of the work
Investigation and identification of the problem
Making a fountain is a problem, or a task that needs to be solved. Naturally, development problems arose immediately. The first question I asked myself was how to do it, from what material and with what tools? How to decorate a fountain decoratively.
Hypothesis:
To try to make a fountain use the fact that in communicating vessels a homogeneous liquid is at the same level.
Improve the fountain with a mini water pump (pump).
Results of work: I considered Various types fountains. It is within my power to build indoor fountain. From the proposed principles of the fountains, I built a fountain using a mini water motor. To do this, I needed a small motor (in my case, it was an expansion pump for a windshield washer barrel in a car), a tube from a dropper system, a base container for a fountain, three containers for shaping the fountain, and a power supply.And for the visual effect and beauty, I decorated it with decorative elements. [Annex 2, 3]
Conclusion
I really enjoyed working on the fountain. He turned out pretty handsome. But the most important thing is the pleasure of work. It was a very large and difficult practical work, and of course, there were things that didn’t work out for me, or turned out, but not the way I wanted. I learned a lot about fountains and their history. As a result, I was satisfied with the work done. The principle of communicating vessels is used by me in practice.
Conclusions:
1. Almost all fountains use communicating vessels.
2. In communicating vessels, a homogeneous liquid tends to be at the same level.
3. The fountain beats due to the difference in the heights of the water in the communicating vessels.
List of used literature:
S.I. Ozhegov. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. N.Yu. Shvedova. - M.: Russian language, 1981.-760 p.
Alex Cooper. Interior of a cozy garden / 3rd edition. -Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2006. -267p.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04dJLUm4ZZ4
Applications:
Annex 1
Appendix 2
Stages of creating a fountain
Annex 3
Finished fountain
Heron. This water device was known 2000 years ago. However, these days, few people think about how it works. Indeed, now there are many home fountains on sale different kind. But the peculiarity of this fountain is that it works without any engine, and you can make it yourself.
No need to buy
DIY lovers will be happy to know that this device can be made quickly and easily. How to make Heron's fountain? First you need to prepare the materials and understand the principle of its work. It is not difficult to make a simple fountain of Heron with your own hands. Yes, and it consists of only two containers for water, tubes and a bowl. All these objects are interconnected and, thanks to the gravity existing on Earth, a jet of water is pushed out above the surface of the bowl. The fountain of Heron also operates in full accordance with the laws of hydropneumatics.
Details
Each container of the fountain serves a specific purpose. Heron's fountain begins with a bowl. It is a bowl filled with water, from which a thin tube extends, directed into the lower container. It is through it that the water begins its movement. This container is empty. It accumulates water, which, rising up, creates pressure of air rising through a thin tube, and enters the upper container filled with water. From here, the air pushes the water, which moves through the tube into the bowl of water and creates a jet that is visible above the surface of the liquid. Heron's fountain can work for a very long time, but the containers have to be swapped. Because the lower one is gradually filled with water, and the upper one with air, which means that the necessary pressure ceases to be created.
What's the secret
You may be surprised to read now about how you can make a fountain with your own hands. After all, this model uses plastic, and 200 years ago it had not yet been invented. Everything is simple. The Greek inventor used glass containers. First, he conducted an experiment. He poured water into a glass bottle, then plugged it with a cork in which he made a hole. In this hole he inserted a tube that reached the bottom of the bottle. Having placed this structure in the sun, Heron began to observe it. The sun began to heat the bottle, and the water rushed up the tube. Moreover, the stronger the sun warmed, the more water flowed out. Then Heron took a magnifying glass and pointed it at the bottle to enhance the action of the sun's rays. Heated water burst out of the bottle in a high jet. This gave Heron the idea that water can move in circles, rising from the bottle and returning to it. Then he began to think about how to make the water return to the tank on its own.
What's next
The inventor came up with the idea of placing two more inside one vessel. The third vessel was empty, and the second was filled with water. Water enters the third vessel, creating air pressure, from which it rises up the tube located in the middle of the third vessel. From the second vessel, water begins to move into the third, expanding when heated sunbeams. As a result, viewers see the beating jet of the fountain above the surface of the bowl. Heron placed his first fountain in the temple. At that time, it was like a miracle, because no one could explain how this fountain works, because there were no mechanical devices or pipes to be seen through which water could be pumped.
Nowadays
Heron's invention is still interesting to our contemporaries. It especially surprises children who are not yet familiar with the laws of physics. Modern inventors are gradually improving Heron's project. They add something new to it, improve its properties and, of course, come up with something of their own. For example, you can increase the height of the jet if you connect several containers together, then the pressure is summed up and pushes the water jet over a long distance. They also come up with various ways to recharge the fountain. It would be nice to make sure that a person does not have to take part in this process.
Nowadays, even a schoolboy can make him Heronov - you read in our article. You can decorate this invention and install it in your country house or apartment, surprising your guests.
District open scientific conference of schoolchildren
Section: physics
Job title:Creation and study of the Heron fountain model
2017
I. Introduction 3
II. Main part
2.1. History and purpose of fountains 4
2.2. Heron Fountain 4
2.3. Fountain model creation, experiments and results 5
III. Conclusion. Conclusions 7
IV. References 9
I. INTRODUCTION
They say there are three things that you can look at endlessly - fire, water and stars. The air near the reservoir is always clean, fresh and cool. Probably, everyone noticed how much easier it is to breathe near the water, how fatigue and irritation disappear, how invigorating and at the same time pacifying being near the sea, river, lake or pond. And it is not in vain that they say that water “cleanses”, “washes”, not only the body, but also the soul.
Relevance of the topic
Of course, we cannot always afford to go to the banks of a stream or a mountain waterfall. Unfortunately, there is not a single functioning fountain in our village! In any building, be it an office, a cinema or a palace of culture, I have not seen even small decorative fountains.
But you can make your own “indoor fountain”, which will improve the microclimate in the house, give usjoy, feeling of coziness and comfort.Moving water, which gently splashes or splashes upwards, will have a calming effect on hearing, vision and psyche.
The main goal of this project:assemble a fountain model and find out on what physical parameters the height of the jet in it depends.
The goal is to solve the following tasks:
- Select, study and process various sources of information on this issue.
- Learn about the history and purpose of fountains.
- To study the principle of operation of Heron's fountain.
- Organize and conduct experiments during which to establish the dependence of the height of the fountain jet on various parameters.
- Draw the necessary conclusions.
Hypothesis: I suppose that having studied the device and the principle of operation of the fountain of Heron, I will be able to assemble a model of the fountain.
Object of study: fountain of Heron.
Research methods:theoretical, experimental, practical, analysis, generalization.
Practical significance:having collected and studied the model of the fountain, in the future, based on the proposed idea, using additional funds, it will be possible to make a fountain on suburban area or in country house. There is a recreation area in any apartment, and, of course, a fountain can become its decoration. Such a fountain can also decorate the lobby of a school, office or hospital.
Fountains are necessary for a person, because. They:
Economical humidifiers have a beneficial effect on health, especially in diseases of the respiratory system, have a beneficial effect on the human psyche, and the accumulation of static electricity in carpets associated with computer radiation is reduced.
II. MAIN PART
2.1 History and purpose of fountains
Fountain - a natural or artificially induced phenomenon, consisting in the outflow of a liquid (usually water), under the influence of pressure exerted on it, up or to the side. Or you can also say a fountain - a device in which water spouts from a source, falls into a bowl of some kind and, as a rule, is used again. Fountain - the Latin word "Fons", which means source, spring, beginning, root cause.
Already in ancient times, people thought about how to create artificial reservoirs, they were especially interested in the riddle of running water.
The first fountains (VI century BC) arose in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, as evidenced by the images on ancient tombstones. Initially, they were used not so much for beauty, but for watering cultivated crops and ornamental plants. The Egyptians built fountains in orchards near the house. The first fountains had a very simple device and did not look at all like the magnificent fountains of our time. In Rome, fountains were built as sources of drinking water and in order to freshen the air in the heat. The Romans greatly improved the arrangement of fountains. For fountains, they made pipes from fired clay or lead. During the heyday of Rome, the fountain became an obligatory attribute of all rich houses. Jets of water shot from the mouths of beautiful fish or exotic animals.
Fountains modern world are real masterpieces of engineering and design: these are the most diverse structures that attract tourists with their beauty and grandeur, height and impressive decor.
2.2 Fountain of Heron
From ancient times, the work of a Greek mechanic has been preservedHero of Alexandria, who lived in the I - II century. n.One of the devices described by the scientist was Heron's magical fountain. The main miracle of this fountain was that the water from the fountain spouted itself, without the use of any external source of water.
Heron's Fountain consists of an open bowl and two hermetic vessels located under the bowl.Each container of the fountain serves a specific purpose. Heron's fountain begins with a bowl. It is a bowl filled with water.A completely sealed tube runs from the top bowl to the bottom tank.It is through it that the water begins its movement.From the upper bowl, water begins to flow through the tube into the lower container, displacing air from there. Since the lower tank itself is completely sealed, the air that is pushed out by water through a sealed tube transmits air pressure into the middle bowl. The air pressure in the medium tank pushes the water out and the fountain starts to work.
Heron's fountain can work for a very long time, but the containers have to be swapped. Because the lower one is gradually filled with water, and the upper one with air, which means that the necessary pressure ceases to be created.
2.3 Creating a fountain model, conducting and results of experiments
Having studied the theory, I had to assemble a model of Heron's fountain. For this I used 2 droppers, 2 plastic bottles(with a capacity of 1.5 liters), a plastic bowl from under the cake, a tip from a pen, plasticine to create a tight installation and paint to tint the water.
The dependence of the jet height on the water level in the middle vessel
(tip hole diameter is the same in all experiments)
experience number | Water level height in the middle vessel | Fountain jet height |
25 cm | 8 cm |
|
20 cm | 6 cm |
|
11 cm | 4 cm |
Conclusion: the higher the level of water in the vessel (reservoir with water), the higher the jet of the fountain hits.
The dependence of the height of the fountain jet on the diameter of the nozzle hole
(the height of the water in the vessel is the same in all experiments)
experience number | Without tip | pen tip |
8 cm | 20 cm |
|
4 cm | 12 cm |
Conclusion: the smaller the diameter of the outlet of the tube, the higher the jet of the fountain hits.
No cost is required to operate such a fountain! It does not consume electricity and works without a pump. But the running time of my fountain model was only 7 minutes. During this time, the lower vessel (plastic bottle) filled with water, and the upper vessel became almost empty. For long-term operation of such a fountain, it is necessary to swap vessels (plastic bottles) and rearrange the tip from the handle in a bowl of water.
III. CONCLUSION. CONCLUSIONS
As a result of the work done, I learned how Heron's fountain is formed. The basis of its work contains the principle of operation of communicating vessels, and the rise of water occurs due to the difference in the height of water in communicating vessels. I made a model of Heron's fountain and conducted several experiments to study the properties of the fountain. After examining what determines the height of the fountain jet, I came to the conclusion:
fountain jet will be higher if
- higher water level in the water storage (water tank),
- smaller diameter of the tube outlet,
The fountain is simple in execution and accessible, although some difficulties had to be overcome in creating the tightness of the vessels. Having outstanding materials at hand, you can easily create this little "masterpiece" and (not without the help of imagination, of course) turn it into a real work of art. It is good both indoors and outdoors. After all, it works without electricity. It is also convenient in the role of a visual representation of some physical laws, because, as they say, it is better to see once than hear a hundred times. It works completely silently and does not distract. Heron's Fountain may be relevant today, although it was invented two thousand years ago. This is not just a visual representation of some physical laws, it is, if desired, a decorative and useful decoration of the interior, a “highlight” of your house or site.
My hypothesis is that after studying the theoryabout the device and principle of operation of the fountain of Heron, I will be able to assemble a model of the fountain - it was confirmed.
From the literature, I learned that fountains have a positive effect on almost all human senses. Scientists managed to scientifically explain the fact why, being next to the fountain, a person experiences positive emotions, and often real delight. This spray from the fountain brings negative ions into the air, which have a beneficial effect on our body. Doctors call them health vitamins. Fountains delight us with coolness, the play of their crystal jets, the brilliance of the sun in every drop of water, the murmur and splash, a feeling of freshness and purity. In this way, fountains have a beneficial effect on a person's mental state, ensuring the psychological health of people. Fountains, finally, reduce the amount of dust in the air, increase humidity and ionization of the air, maintaining the microclimate of nearby areas, preventing the occurrence of a number of respiratory diseases.
I concluded that fountains are an important part of measures to create a comfortable, environmentally friendly human environment, so I really want our village to also have functioning fountains that will not only give aesthetic pleasure, but also have a positive effect on health and well-being residents and guests of our area!
IV. REFERENCES
- http://www.mirfontanov.ru/fountain_history.html - the history of the creation of fountains
There are so many interesting things around us.
At all times, people decorated their homes with flowers. And in our house there are a lot of flowers that are placed on the windowsills, shelves and even stand on the floor. They require a lot of attention: watering, spraying. Some require a lot of water, others - a little. Once I noticed that the earth in flowers dries out very quickly. Mom said that apparently the air in the house is rather dry. I thought, is it possible to humidify the air in the house and thereby help the plants?
Ways to humidify the air in the apartment.
There are many methods and devices for humidifying the air. Household appliances that increase the humidity of the air in the house are beautiful and effective, but very expensive. Eat folk methods humidification of the air in the room. Most of them boil down to the fact that water should evaporate naturally. It can be open containers of water or a damp cloth. However, in order for this method of moisturizing to bring a noticeable result, you need to regularly moisten the fabric and add water to the containers. The amount of evaporated liquid will be small, which means that it is necessary to hang more than one piece of fabric and put more than one container of water. Is it worth it to turn the room into an exhibition of water vessels and wet pieces of fabric? I propose to use the model of Heron's Fountain to humidify the air.
Fountain of Heron.
Even the ancient Greeks drew attention to the miracle of nature - springs. They decorated the springs with greenery and flowers, lined them with stones. Water flowed in a trickle, and it was convenient to fill the dishes with it. IN ancient rome began to build artificial springs. This is how the first fountains appeared.
The ancient Greek mechanic Heron of Alexandria created the most ingenious fountain in design. It consists of three vessels: the upper, open A and two spherical B and C, hermetically closed. The vessels are connected by three tubes.
When there is some water in A, balloon B is filled with water, and balloon C is filled with air, the fountain begins to operate: water flows through the tube from A to C, displacing air from there into balloon B; under the pressure of the incoming air, the water from B will rush up through the tube and beat like a fountain over the vessel A. When the ball B is empty, the fountain ceases to operate.
Assembly and testing of Heron's Fountain model.
I tried to create a simplified design of the Heron fountain at home. Instead of balls, I took two plastic bottles, vessels B and C, from carbonated water with a capacity of 1 liter, with two holes in the lid and bottom. Flat vessel A was made from the bottom of a larger plastic bottle. Instead of glass tubes, I took nylon tubes from a medical system for transfusion of solutions. Vessel A was connected with a tube to vessel C, and vessel C was also connected with a tube to vessel B. Vessel B was connected to vessel A, in which a special device was made to obtain a jet. She placed all three vessels at different levels one above the other. Vessel C is filled with air, vessel B is filled with water, and vessel A is filled with water up to the level of the jet formation device. Water flows through a tube from A to C, forcing air out into vessel B; under the pressure of the incoming air, the water from B moves up the tube and a fountain jet is formed. When all the water from vessel B overflows into vessel C, the fountain ceases to operate.
My fountain will benefit house plants.
By placing the design of the fountain next to the flowers, we significantly improve the microclimate, and the flowers respond with abundant flowering. To increase the efficiency of the fountain, you can use larger bottles and increase the height of the jet. When vessel C is 35 cm lower than vessel B, the jet of water in vessel A has decreased. We measured the jet with a ruler - it turned out to be 5 cm. We tried to put all three vessels at the same level, then the water from vessel B stopped flowing into vessel A, and there was no jet.
And when vessel C is lowered below vessel B by 60 cm, a good jet of water is formed.
Calculation of economic costs for building a model of the fountain.
This design of the fountain does not require material costs.
To make my fountain, I used used plastic bottles and a system for pouring solutions:
1. bottles of carbonated drink with a capacity of 1 liter - 3 pieces;
2. medical system for transfusion of solutions - 1 set.
I did not take into account labor costs, since I made the product not for sale, but as a gift to my mother. For my mother, my work, I think, will be priceless, but for me, happiness and pride that this layout will delight the eyes of our guests and be useful. I will be very proud when my mother tells me that I made this model of the functioning fountain.
Conclusions and self-assessment.
The fountain can be built at home from improvised means.
In order for the fountain to beat, pressure is needed, and for it to appear, there must be a difference in water levels.
The layout of the fountain, made by me, turned out. But the work was not easy. It was difficult to develop and manufacture the layout itself: to make holes in the bottles and achieve a good jet of water. The work on the project took me a lot of time, but I am very pleased with my result. And I am sure that the knowledge, skills and abilities that I have acquired will be useful to me in the future.
I believe that I succeeded in the task I set myself.
Although the task was difficult, luck came to me!
She answered questions, so I read a lot.
With peace of mind I send you my report.
Bibliography
1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia.–M., 1977.–t. 27
2. Technique: Encyclopedia / Design. Series by L. Yakovleva.– M.: ROSMEN–IZDAT LLC, 2000.–399p.–(Children's Encyclopedia).
3. Ya. And Perelman “Entertaining physics” book 2, TRIAD-LITERA Moscow, 1994 .- 117p.
Chuprova Polina Petrovna,
7th grade student.
Supervisor:
Chuprova Natalya Alexandrovna,
Physics teacher.
MOU Vosyakhovskaya secondary school
With. Vosyakhovo
