How to dilute bitumen for private construction or renovation? We analyze the ways and methods. How and from what to cook bitumen to fill the roof of the garage, what proportions are needed? Bitumen and diesel fuel proportions

Effective protection from the destructive action of moisture in concrete, metal, wooden and reinforced concrete structures is bituminous waterproofing... It is used to coat foundations, concrete floors, walls and ceilings of basements, interfloor ceilings, treatment of bathrooms, showers, etc. This prevents moisture from entering the house through small pores and cracks, and ensures the durability of the structure.

Features of the use of bituminous waterproofing

For the treatment of the main elements of the house, solid and liquefied bitumen, bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer waterproofing mastics are used. When working with solid materials, it is imperative to melt them. In this case, the question “how to breed bituminous mastic? " does not arise. During the smelting process, the bitumen is dewatered. In addition, itself concrete base dry thoroughly before applying waterproofing. Otherwise, there is a risk that when hot resin gets on the concrete surface, boiling will occur and bubbles will form under the insulating layer. This is hello to the fact that waterproofing will not clog cracks and pores in concrete.

Hot compounds can be applied with a wide brush or brush, with overlapping stripes of 10-15 cm. The only disadvantage of working with hot bitumen mastic is the high speed of solidification.

Liquefied waterproofing does not need constant heating. Before starting the application, the bitumen mastic should be diluted with a solvent. Most often, low-octane motor gasoline acts as a solvent. Polymerization of the liquefied composition occurs after 24 hours after application, provided that the work is carried out in the open air. When choosing how to dilute bitumen mastic, it should be remembered that gasoline is a flammable substance, and its vapors are explosive. During waterproofing works, the possibility of an open fire should be excluded, smoking is strictly prohibited.

How to dilute bitumen-polymer mastic?

Bitumen-polymer waterproofing can be used at low temperatures. In addition, solvents can be added to them. When deciding how to dilute the bituminous mastic, choose one of the options below:

• petrol
• white Spirit
• kerosene

You can also use gasoline "galosh", carefully monitoring the consistency of the mixture. Waterproofing is applied with a brush. Each subsequent layer is laid 24 hours after applying the previous one.

How to dilute bituminous primer?

The use of this composition allows you to guarantee reliable adhesion waterproofing materials to rough and porous surfaces. The primer is used for priming concrete, cement-sand screeds immediately before laying self-adhesive, weld-on roofing and waterproofing materials.

Bituminous primer is a solution of petroleum bitumen with a softening point above + 80 ° C in special organic solvents. This composition is characterized by fast drying and high penetrating power.

Before applying the bitumen primer, it must be diluted with a solvent (kerosene, nefras, gasoline) in a ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 1.5 by weight.

The composition should be applied without preheating using a nylon brush or brush. If necessary, it is allowed to create several layers of waterproofing.

Bitumen mastic is a mixture of various substances that adhere well, cement or fill cracks and holes, making them completely impervious to water. This putty quickly hardens due to the evaporation of the solvent in its composition, or due to chemical substancesmixed in preparation for work.

More often, such material is used to create seamless coatings during work related to the repair and installation of the roof, Mastic is relevant for road surface, waterproofing or vapor barrier floors in bathrooms, showers or rooms with pools.

Indoor mastic

In order for the mastic not to lose its properties, or vice versa, the useful capabilities of the mixture improved, it should be diluted correctly.

Depending on the type of coating, the proportions change, as does the density of the mastic, otherwise it will not stay on the surface until it dries completely if applied to the ceiling.

Depending on the type of mastic used, the substances that dissolve / dilute it also change.

These substances include:

• Gasoline or kerosene;
• White Spirit;
• Gasoline galoshes.

The proportions correspond to the volume of the mastic used, their violation leads to slow drying or to increased fluidity of the resulting solution. And as a result - to a decrease in adhesion or useful properties applied solution. He won't reliable protectionallowing moisture to pass through.

How to properly dilute and prepare a solution

Another important point that affects how the mastic should be diluted is the method of application to the surface. It:

• Manual application method;
• Mechanized way by means of special devices.

The first method is relevant if the volume and scope of work is small, and the second is best used when a large area is to be processed.

The second method is also more convenient if hard-to-reach places are treated with mastic.

Automatic application of mastic

A mandatory procedure is surface preparation, where bituminous mastic will be applied. If the surface peels off, it is cleaned, then dried, a layer of primer is applied to interact with the mastic. This primer is sold as a bituminous primer, which you can buy or prepare yourself.

To prepare it, take several pieces of pure bitumen, dilute it with gasoline or used engine oil.

To do this, first, gasoline / oil is poured into the container, heated, and then crushed bitumen is added.

The mixture is heated to a temperature of 190-200 degrees, while it is constantly being stirred. They take a high-quality container that can withstand a similar temperature. The volume of the container is determined by the volume of the mixture that is to be used. If the area is small, a bucket is enough, but if it is several squares, then the container must be appropriate, or the cooking process will have to be carried out several times.

Application nuances

The prepared mixture is applied with a brush or roller, depending on the complexity and volume of work. In more rare cases, scoop up the mastic with a wide spatula for application.

Work order:

• The material is applied with an overlap so that the layers overlap each other by 5-10 cm.

Spatula application

• A new layer is applied after the previous one has cooled slightly.
• For rooms with a swimming pool or for roofing works 2-4 layers of such insulation are used, which are then reinforced with glass mesh and additionally insulated.

Consumption of mastic and its effect on cooking

Consumption of mastic in which it is used rubber crumb or rubber, depending on how many layers you plan to apply. The type of work, the surface on which the mastic will be applied, and the thickness of each layer also affect the consumption.

If you use bitumen mastic as the main layer of insulation on the roof, then the thickness of this layer is 10 mm, and the consumption is 16 kg per 1 sq. meter. In this case, 3-4 layers are used for the roof.

If processing and protection of ordinary water supply and other pipes from corrosion, moisture or other negative environmental influences is to be done, then use bitumen mastic applied in 2 layers. In this case, oil is used for dilution.

To dilute the mastic, they use not only gasoline / oil, but also turpentine. Any organic solvent will do. Do not use regular acetone or any of its types. Some people dilute the mastic with diesel fuel, but in this case the composition is heterogeneous, plus the cooking process is delayed. But in this case, they guarantee that the resulting solution will qualitatively seal up all pores and roughness, since in the liquid state the best adhesion and insulation is achieved. The mastic diluted with diesel fuel dries faster, since the diesel oil quickly evaporates.

Liquid mastic

It is taken into account that diesel fuel is harmful to the paintwork, it will subsequently peel off. If it is planned to use painting in the future, do not use diesel fuel.

There are several subtleties in the cooking process with gasoline and diesel fuel. The fact is that from them small lumps appear in the mixture. But if the type of work allows such a small defect, then it's okay. If you plan to use bitumen mastic for application to the car body, then it is better to prefer White Spirit.

Correct proportions and cooking rules

As for the rationing of the proportions, which the builder should be guided by when preparing the mixture, they are different.

It is taken into account that the boiler used for cooking the composition is not loaded more than 70 percent, otherwise the mixture will splash out during the cooking process and it is inconvenient to interfere.

The boiler for cooking is not installed over the fire, but next to it, best of all on a special stand

You should not exceed the cooking temperature, otherwise the bitumen will decompose. It is not recommended to allow large temperature differences, otherwise the mixture will turn out to be heterogeneous in composition.

To understand that overheating is strong, just look into the boiler - the appearance of characteristic yellow or green bubbles will indicate this.

First, gasoline or other liquid is added to the boiler, which is used to dilute the bitumen mixture, the bitumen is put in small portions, then the mixture is thoroughly mixed until it is completely dissolved.

The builders are guided by their own experience when preparing the mixture. They determine the readiness of the mixture by its density. Strong thinning leads to the fact that the mastic will become a primer, and this is not welcomed by customers, since the consumption of materials for a primer is higher than for mastic. The problem will become more acute if the consumption and the need for the use of mastic were agreed in advance.

The main criterion for the prepared solution is homogeneity.

For storage, bitumen mastic is poured without filler into ordinary plastic bottles, close. So it is stored indefinitely. If necessary, squeeze it out of the bottle.

In contact with

A building material such as bitumen has been used for a very long time for pouring roofs. Perhaps the reason for the popularity of bitumen is its cheapness. But preferring it to other more expensive materials, do not forget that bitumen is short-lived. Particularly great danger for him is direct sunlight and rays, from which he begins to melt and flow. And in winter time from severe frosts, it cracks and from this there may be leaks in the roof of the garage.

But if you nevertheless decide to use this building material, like bitumen, then consider the process of preparing it for pouring.

In order to prepare about 10 kg of bituminous mastic, you will need:

• 8.5 kg of bitumen
• 1 kg of filler (it can be peat chips, asbestos, chalk sawdust, crushed mineral wool etc.)
• 0.5 kg of used crankcase oil.

It is best to cook the bituminous mixture in a thick-walled boiler with a tightly closed lid. In thin-walled containers, bitumen can burn.

It is necessary to heat bitumen gradually over low heat.

The heating temperature of bitumen ranges from 160-200 degrees. Warm up for 1-3 hours depending on the heating temperature, the higher it is, the less we heat the bitumen.

At a temperature above the specified maximum (220 and above), coke is formed in the bitumen, which significantly impairs the properties of bitumen (it can crack).

The surest sign of bitumen overheating is the appearance of green-yellow smoke and bubbles.

Boil the bitumen until smooth and a glossy surface.

After that, remove it from the heat and add filler and crankcase oil in small portions. And immediately we begin to carefully fill the roof of the garage with hot bitumen, which by this time must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of dirt, dried and prepared for pouring. When applying bitumen, we use kvatch or apply bitumen in bulk.

Then roofing material is glued to the hot bitumen in order to further prevent overheating of the bitumen in the sun.

You can cook bitumen for pouring roofs yourself on a fire, take a barrel or a large saucepan (since you usually need a lot of bitumen), take 10 kg of resin, a liter of mining (motor oil, can be purchased at a service station) and a kilogram of construction chalk.

We put bricks on the edge, a container on it, in a container of resin (put about a couple of kilos, and then when melting, wake up to put the rest), light a fire under the container, using small chips (try to keep the fire small so that the resin melts and does not boil around straightened pieces.

As soon as the resin melts a little bit, pour in the chalk and pour in the working off, stir thoroughly - everything is ready, you can tar the roof and glue the roofing material.

When cooled, the prepared bitumen will solidify in the container, it can be reheated and used.

Filling the roof with bitumen is a necessary thing and this work needs to be done so that later you do not return to it for a long time, so that there are no leaks. And this is done just the old fashioned way, if I may say so. We take a large old container - for example iron barrel, we throw pieces of bitumen into it (make the pieces smaller), put it on a tripod and set fire to the blowtorch, let the bitumen melt completely. Then we add mining to the bitumen (this is used machine oil), stir thoroughly and then chalk and stir it too. The proportions are as follows: 10 kg. bitumen; ! liter of working off; 1 kg of chalk.

The base of the house is subjected to constant destructive action from various environmental factors. Particularly active is the water that is contained in the soil and penetrates into it after precipitation. When constructing the base, additional protection against this influence must be provided. The most commonly used bitumen mastic.

Why do you need a coating waterproofing with bitumen

In its classical form, bituminous mastic is a mixture of several constituent components that reliably and tightly cement gaps in the base surface and prevent moisture from penetrating into the foundation structure.

The mastic hardens quickly due to the use of various solvents and other elements that ensure the effectiveness of the solution. With the help of mastic, it is possible to create highly efficient seamless surfaces. This is true for the roof and for the walls, and precisely for the foundation.

Before using mastic, it is important to know how and how to dissolve the resin for painting the foundation. From the right combination elements depends on the effectiveness of the subsequent work of the protective layer.

How to dilute bitumen mastic

To know exactly how to dilute the resin for painting the foundation, you need to understand what indicators you want to get. The proportions in which the constituent components are combined in the mastic determines not only the density, but also the performance characteristics of the solution. Among the substances used for dissolving mastic, the following are used:

• Gasoline (kerosene).
• White Spirit.
• Gasoline-galoshes (Gasoline-solvent for the rubber industry).

To choose the right substance and the amount of material that you need to dilute bitumen for the foundation means to prepare optimal material for processing the foundation.

What additives are used to dilute mastic

It is possible to add to the created solution different options fillers. Therefore, the builder should decide what parameters he wants to get in the end.

Now the most popular types of mastic are the following:

• bitumen-rubber mastic,
• polyurethane,
• latex,
• oil, rubber.

If we take bitumen-rubber mastic, then at the basis of its composition there are directly bitumen and polymer.

Polyurethane and rubber in the solution form additional plasticity of the solution, in which the forming film is not only strong, but can stretch about 20 times.

The use of rubber for the preparation of a cold mixture allows you to create a material that does not require preparation before use. The mastic is applied evenly and is homogeneous and durable.

The addition of oil components helps prevent material hardening. Such compounds are necessary for waterproofing pipes and pipes that will be placed underground.

Cooking features

The process of making bituminous mastic is not difficult, you just need to choose the right ingredients and follow the basic rules of preparation.

To complete the work, the following elements are required:

1. pieces of bitumen, cleaned from contamination;
2. specially selected fillers,
3. various plasticizers.

For example, to create waterproofing, you need to have about 10 kilograms of mastic. This will require approximately 8 kg of bitumen, 1 kg of filler and 500 grams of plasticizer.

For cooking mastic, strong boilers with a wall thickness of 3 mm are selected. There should also be a cover. Due to the heating of the walls, the bitumen heats up evenly.

The boiler must be loaded to no more than 70%, otherwise the mastic may start to spill out. For cooking, the following rules should be strictly observed:

1. The boiler does not fit over the fire, but is installed to the side.
2. The temperature should be at 190 degrees, which does not lead to decomposition of the material.
3. Temperature drops are unacceptable, which can lead to the formation of a heterogeneous mass of mastic.
4. For the fastest preparation of the mixture, it is necessary to divide the bitumen into small pieces.
5. The mastic should be cooked slowly and evenly.
6. The filler and additives should also be crushed.
7. The addition of components is carried out gradually.
8. The solution is regularly stirred and the forming foam is periodically removed.
9. After the foam has disappeared, fillers can be added.
10. After adding the resulting solution is thoroughly mixed - and the bitumen mastic is ready for use!

Now, after you have learned how to dilute bitumen mastic for the foundation and how to prepare it, you should know how to properly apply it to the surface.

How to apply bituminous mastic correctly

After preparing the mastic, it should be correctly applied to the surface. For this, 2 methods are used:

1. Manual application.
2. Mechanized application using special tools.

The manual work method is optimal when doing a small amount of work. For a large area of \u200b\u200bwork, manual technology is impractical, therefore mechanisms are used. Also, tools are used to work with hard-to-reach places.

Before application, prepare the surface to be treated. The surface is cleaned and dried thoroughly. After that, a thin layer of primer is applied, which interacts with the mastic.

After the mixture is ready and heated enough, you can proceed directly to the application. To do this, use a regular roller or brush - the choice of a specific tool depends on the nature of the surface, volume and complexity of the configuration of the foundation, wall or roof. Sometimes a wide spatula is used for application.

The layers of mastic are applied with an overlap, which should be about 10 centimeters. This prevents the formation of empty parts that would be exposed to moisture penetration.

The application of the next layer of mastic begins after the previous one has finally hardened.

The use of bitumen mastic for waterproofing the base is an important factor in protecting the structure and preventing the formation of microcracks and damage.