For reading min. Views 1k. Posted on 19.07.2016

Plant Care Memo

Every 2 years, in August 10-15 - in winter, spring and during flowering, after flowering it is better to take out to the balcony During flowering, abundant watering so that the soil is always moist, after flowering - watering is reduced Bright diffused lighting

Lighting

Primrose prefers bright, but diffused lighting.

For primrose, window sills facing west or east are perfect. On the north side, the light will not be enough, and on the south window, the scorching sun can leave burns on the leaves.

The flower can grow in partial shade and even in the shade, but lack of light will affect the duration of its flowering. If you keep the plant in bright but diffused sunlight, it can bloom from February to July, provided there is abundant watering and no overheating.

After flowering, the plant begins a dormant period. At this time, it does not form new leaves and peduncles, but old leaves do not fade. At this time, it is best to move the flower to a less lit place, keep it in partial shade. In winter, you need to put it on the northern windowsill close to the glass to provide partial shade at a lower temperature. Before flowering, the lighting is gradually increased.

Temperature

The optimal temperature for primrose in winter and spring, during the flowering period, will be 10-15 degrees. If the temperature rises higher, this negatively affects the flowering: the flowers can quickly fall off, and the flowering period itself is greatly reduced.

An exception is the type "reverse conical primrose" - it is thermophilic, and it needs a temperature of 16-20 degrees for normal development.

Watering

During flowering, primrose should be watered abundantly. It is important to ensure that the soil in the pot is always slightly damp..

At the same time, overflow should not be allowed: stagnant water in the soil can provoke rotting of the root system.

After flowering, watering is somewhat reduced. The next moistening is carried out a few days after the topsoil dries up.

For irrigation, it is optimal to use rain or melt water at room temperature. In an extreme case, it is kept for several days. Watering the plant, do not allow water to get on the leaves: from this they can rot.

The soil

Primrose soil should not be very nutritious, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. You can buy a ready-made substrate for geraniums or flowering houseplants and add some sand to it.

You can also make the mixture yourself. In this case, you need to mix peat, sand, leaf and sod land in equal proportions.

Before planting, the soil mixture should be disinfected by spilling with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

The pot must be selected with drain holes. It is important to lay a good drainage layer at its bottom, consisting of expanded clay, clay shards or foam.

Fertilizer

Feeding primroses begins with the appearance of the first buds and continues until the end of flowering.

Optimally use liquid mineral fertilizers for flowering plants for primrose... In this case, the concentration indicated on the package should be halved. The regularity of feeding is once every 2 weeks.

Can be added to the soil once during the flowering period organic fertilizer - solution of poultry droppings. After flowering, when the plant is at rest, it is usually not fed. But a single application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil is useful for increasing the leaf mass during the growing season. For this purpose, liquid fertilizers for deciduous plants or a 0.1% solution of ammonium nitrate are suitable.

Humidity

Primrose is not particularly demanding on air humidity, however, if kept in a room with dry and hot air, you will need to take measures to increase the humidity. Otherwise, the tips of the leaves will dry out.

To ensure favorable conditions, you can place containers with water around the plant.... As it evaporates, it will increase the humidity. Another option is to put the pot in a tray filled with moist sphagnum, expanded clay, or pebbles.

You should not spray primrose leaves, since they begin to deteriorate and rot from excessive moisture.

Diseases

Now let's look at how to care for primrose at home during a plant illness.

With improper care, primrose can be affected by fungal diseases, leading to decay of the root system, and viral, causing growth arrest, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Suitable fungicides should be used to control them.

Aphids, spider mites, thrips can be dangerous for the primrose.

1. Growing temperature: even during the period of active growth, the flower needs coolness - primrose blooms best at a temperature of 13 - 16 ° C, the rest period should take place in an even cooler room at a temperature of about 10 ° C.

2. Lighting: in spring and summer it is worth protecting the primrose from direct sun, direct sunlight in the evening and in the morning, in autumn and winter maximum light.

3. Watering and air humidity: Abundant and regular bottom watering during the growth and budding period should be replaced by limited moisture input after flowering and as the green mass dies. Air humidity is high.

4. Features:: primrose can be used for distillation - getting a lively blooming bouquet for any desired holiday.

5. Priming: perfectly drained, nutritious and acidic or neutral substrate with a lot of organic matter.

6. Top dressing: in spring and summer with high phosphorus or organic fertilizers. During the rest period, feeding is stopped before the start of new growth.

7. Reproduction: division during transplantation, seeds, peduncle trimmings.

Botanical name: Primula.

Primula flower - family ... Primroses.

Homeland of the plant... Asia, Europe.

Description... Primrose or primrose is a very pleasant perennial herb that amazes with a variety of shades of flowers.

Plants form basal leaf socket.

Leaves light green, elliptical or lanceolate. Petioles of leaves, depending on the variety, can be quite long or completely absent. The leaf blade may have small denticles along the edge or be entire. Leaf veins are distinct and often sunk deep into the leaf surface. The tops of the leaves often have a sparse pubescence... The underside of the leaf plates of some varieties is colored in a lighter shade.

During the flowering period, the plant throws out pedunclesthat carry on the top several brightly colored flowers... The height of the peduncles varies greatly depending on the specific variety - it can range from 1 to 25 - 30 cm. Shades of flowers include almost the entire color range. There are plants with buds colored in 2 - 3 different shades. The center of the flowers is often yellow or orange.

After flowering on the bushes appear seed pods with very small brown seeds.

Many primrose varieties emit a distinctly pleasant aroma during flowering.

Currently, many varieties of this plant are known, differing in color of flowers, flowering time, height of peduncles, color and shape of leaves, exist re-flowering varieties.

Height. 20 - 30 cm.

2.Primula - planting and care in the open field

Plants are planted in open ground in spring or autumn using seedlings. Bushes are suitable for planting in the garden second year of life.

The timing of the autumn planting should be observed so that the flower has time to adapt to new conditions for itself before the onset of frost. In the spring, the flower is planted in the garden when the threat of night frosts has passed.

Well-lit or semi-shady areas, closed from strong gusts of wind, are selected for growing primrose. Plants grown outdoors should be protected from direct sunlight during the daytime - it is better for the flower to bathe in the sun in the morning and in the evening.

Varieties with high peduncles, it is better to place in those parts of the garden that will be protected from rain moisture - heavy rainfall leads to the loss of the attractive appearance of such plants.

Since the bushes are small in size, when planting, you can maintain a distance between the holes equal to 20 - 30 cm... As a general rule, the larger the plants are, the less often they need to be planted.

Flowers are placed depending on the planting scheme - both singly and in groups. Landing holes are prepared in such a way that their depth and height 2 times the root ball primrose bushes.

At the bottom of the planting holes, a small drainage layer is made of river sand. A layer of compost is placed on the drain, which will feed the flower. The flower does not like strongly acidic substrates, so the soil can be mixed with dolomite flour or shed with lime milk to adjust the pH level.

Heavy loams are made looser with the help of river sand, and poor soils are enriched superphosphate.

The flower is taken out of the shipping container together with the root ball and put in the center of the hole. In a circle it is sprinkled with prepared earth.

After planting, the flowers are watered abundantly and surrounded by a thin layer mulchwhich will help maintain high soil moisture. The height of the mulch can be as little as 2 - 3 cm.

If on spring nights, after planting primrose, the air temperature will tend to 5 ° C and belowthen plants shelter for the night non-woven agromaterial.

Further care of the plants will be limited to timely watering, periodic feeding and weeding.

Top dressing is starting to be carried out yet in the snow - fertilizer granules are poured directly onto the melting snow cover. The second feeding is carried out after 3 weeks - on wet ground after melting snow. The last fertilization is done after flowering.

If in the fall the bushes begin to form peduncles, then they are worth delete - repeated flowering takes away the strength of the primrose and it will endure frost harder.

When grown in the Middle Lane in mid-autumn, before the onset of frost, the root system of flowers is covered with an additional a layer of mulch... From above the plants are sprinkled with fallen leaves or covered with spruce branches - the height of such a layer can reach up to 7-10 cm.

It is not worth using plastic wrap or agromaterial for shelter - in the spring the flowers can dry out in the spring.

If the winters in the region are distinguished by sufficient snow cover, then adult plants successfully winter and completely no shelter.

3.Use in landscaping

Compact size, variety of colors of buds, delicate aroma and unpretentiousness made primrose a very popular plant among gardeners. Having picked up varieties and varieties with different flowering periods, you can get a lush flower garden, pleasing to the eye for a long period of time - from early spring to autumn. Primrose looks great as a curb plant, in group plantings. The flower can be grown in pots and used to decorate gazebos and the entrance to the room.

4.1 Reproduction - growing from seeds

Primrose propagates quite easily by seeds, leaf cuttings, segments of peduncles and dividing large specimens during transplantation.

Use for breeding primrose self-harvest seeds does not follow - the plants obtained from them will not correspond to the varietal characteristics of the parent bushes. When buying seeds from flower shops it is worth paying attention for expiration dates - over time, the germination of planting material decreases.

Sowing seeds spend late winter or spring.

1. For landing, special greenhouses are suitable - plastic boxes with drainage holes and a transparent lid.
2. At the bottom of the greenhouses, drainage holes are made and a moisture-wicking layer of expanded clay or foam balls is poured. The height of such a layer can be 1 - 2 cm.
3. Greenhouses are filled with nutritious soil mixture.
4. The surface of the soil is moistened with water at room temperature using a spray bottle.
5. Since the seeds are small enough and difficult to distribute evenly over the soil surface, a toothpick can be used for sowing. It is very convenient to pick up the planting material with a wet tip of a toothpick. You can also pre-mix the seeds with an equal amount of river sand for even sowing.
6. The seeds are slightly pressed into the ground and do not cover them with earth.
7. Crops are sprayed and covered with a lid to create a greenhouse effect or covered with plastic wrap.
8. For the period of cool stratification, the seed boxes are placed in the vegetable compartment of the refrigerator, where they should be kept for 3 to 4 weeks. No stratification is required for fine-toothed primrose and common primrose.
9. Next, the seedlings are placed in a well-lit, but protected from direct sun, place with a temperature of about 15 - 18 ° C.
10. Airing is carried out daily by lifting the hood and removing condensation water from it. With the appearance of the first shoots, the shelter is completely removed.

Young plants develop slowly.

When every bush can boast 2 - 3 true leaf blades - plants are seated in separate cups - dive... The dive is carried out carefully, minimally disturbing the root system of the flower.

Across 10 - 14 days plants are watered with a very weak solution mineral fertilizer with a high nitrogen content.

The first buds will decorate the specimens grown from seeds after 2 - 3 years.

Division carried out in the spring - this is the easiest way of reproduction, among other things, division will help to rejuvenate the plants.Each cut obtained should have its own leaves and well-developed roots. Plants at the age of 3-4 years can be divided.

1. When transplanting, the flower is taken out of the pot and shaken off the remains of the old substrate.
2. The plant is examined and the place of separation of the outlets is determined. Most often, it is enough to pull the bushes in different directions, but sometimes it is necessary to use a pruner.
3. After dividing, the root system is powdered with wood ash or crushed coal to dry and disinfect.
4. Delenki are planted in small pots and placed in partial shade for several days.
5. For young plants, it is worth increasing the humidity of the air, but you should not rush to watering. The ingress of moisture on the wounds in the root system will provoke the appearance of rot.

When each division gives the first leaf after transplanting, then it will be possible to say that the plant has successfully undergone division and starts up new roots. Usually rooting is successful. within 2 weeks.

Sometimes, in order to get a separate bush, it is enough cut axillary shoot from the mother bush - a leaf blade with a bud and a heel (part of the main stem). To reduce the loss of moisture in such shoots during rooting, the leaf blade is shortened by half the length.

For reproduction leafy cuttings during the period of active growth, a large and healthy leaf blade is chosen in the center of the rosette.

Later 2 - 3 weeks signs of new growth can be seen at the base of the cuttings. As they develop, such bushes are transferred into slightly larger pots and through 1 - 2 weeks after transshipment are fed a weak solution of fertilizers.

Primrose also reproduces cuttings of peduncles.

4.2 How to transplant a primrose

When grown outdoors every 3 - 5 years worth spending lanethe landing. The fact is that during this period the bushes will divide and become closely, which means that the struggle for nutrients will begin and this will affect flowering.

When transplanting, the plants are divided into several parts and planted in different places. Each division must consist of 3 - 7 sockets - Primrose grows better in groups. If you do not carry out the division of transplanting such plants, then after a few years their leaves will begin to shrink, and flowering will become scarce.

A home transplant should be carried out every year - the soil in the pot is depleted too quickly and cannot feed the plants for a long time.

Many types of primrose are kept at home as annuals and do not need a transplant - after flowering, such bushes are planted outside.

The transplant period depends on the time of flowering - it is best to transplant after the start of new growth, but before the formation of buds.

Large plants are transplanted into slightly cramped pots every 2 - 3 years... Young flowers are transferred into slightly larger containers as they develop, usually annually... You should not offer the flower spacious containers - flowering under such conditions will be less abundant, and the plants may have root rot.

The transplant is also worth subjecting store purchased bushes - usually cheap, nutrient-poor peat is used for their cultivation.

After purchase within 1 - 2 weeks the flower is given time to adapt to new conditions, and then spend transshipmentmove the flower along with the root ball. The fact is that often in stores, plants are already sold with flowers and buds and they will not tolerate a transplant well.

Primrose root system does not like to be disturbed unnecessarily - use transshipment.

If the plant looks unhealthy and there are signs of damage to the root system or root rot, then it is worth doing transplant.

The fact is that during transplantation, the root system of a flower is thoroughly cleaned of the remnants of old soil - this allows assess her condition and get rid of old and rotten roots.

The roots are cut off with a sharp sterile instrument and the wound surface is sprinkled with crushed charcoal powder or wood ash. Such specimens are planted only in a new soil mixture, in sterilized pots.

1. To keep the flower, they pick up tight plastic pots with drainage holes.
2. A moisture-wicking layer of expanded clay, clay shards or broken brick is placed on the bottom of the pots. You can also use pieces of foam or river pebbles as a drainage layer.
3. Fill the pots with a nutrient medium, leaving room for the flower in the center.
4. The plant is placed in the center of the container so that after planting it is at the same depth as it was grown in the previous container.
5. On the sides, the root ball is sprinkled with fresh earth mixture, which is then lightly tamped. The surface of the substrate should be 1 - 2 cm below the walls of the pot.
6. The transplanted flower is watered and shaded from direct sun for a week.
7. Do not rush to feed - there are enough nutrients in the fresh soil and the bush will not experience a lack of them for 2 - 3 weeks.

4.3 Useful properties of primrose

Interestingly, primrose is not only a valuable flowering, but also medicinal plant... The flower contains many useful substances - including vitamin C, carotene or vitamin A. Essential oil is obtained from the roots of primrose, and the leaves are used for fresh food - they are added to various salads. It is believed that the flower has expectorant properties and is often used for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, and primrose decoction is also used for insomnia. For diseases of the urinary system, primrose is used as a diuretic plant, and due to the high content of ascorbic acid, it is recommended to use it during the period of colds and flu. The flower is believed to be able to relieve rheumatism and relieve some of the headache.

4.4 When it blooms

The specific flowering period depends on the variety of primrose and the conditions of its maintenance.

With good care, primroses at home are capable of re-bloom during the season... The second wave of flowering is usually less plentiful.

The flowering period lasts up to 1.5 months and its onset can be adjusted by air temperature, lighting and watering frequency.

Primrose can be used for distillation, receiving a beautiful live bouquet by the desired date - for example, by March 8th.

When growing in the open field this flower is one of the first to form buds.

Often straight out of the snow Plants come out with open flowers - such an early flowering is distinguished by the spring primrose.

IN april Primrose Voronov, P. Julia and high will bloom. IN may buds form primrose ear, ordinary.

In second half of May - early June - primrose pink and mealy.

IN mid summer the flowering relay passes to the Sikkim and Florinda primroses.

4.5 Diseases and pests

Of harmful insectsthe flower can be attacked by spider mites, aphids, weevils, nematodes, whiteflies, thrips, caterpillars. When grown outdoors, snails and slugs can attack the flower.

Insects are pests

Insect name	Signs of infection	Control measures
	Small light dots on leaf blades, yellowing and foliage falling off. Disturbed white, small butterflies fly from the surface of the leaves	Chemicals: Zeta, Rovikurt, INTA-VIR, Fufanol and even Karbofos, Aktellik, Aktara, Confidor, Commander, Tanrek. Folk remedies: soap solution, garlic solution, infusion of yarrow and tobacco, infusion of dandelions, adhesive traps for adult insects
	The leaf blades turn yellow in the places located between the veins, then turn brown, black. Eventually, the leaves fall off the plants. When the root system is damaged, the plant becomes weak and withers before our eyes for no apparent reason.	Traditional methods: destruction of infected parts of plants, abundant watering with hot water at a temperature of about 70 ° C, hot bath - immersion of the pot in a large container with water at a temperature of 55 ° C for 20 minutes. Chemicals: anthelmintic drugs.
	Subtle spider webs on the leaves, yellowing and foliage falling off with extensive lesions. The surface of the sheet plates becomes dead and covered with small cracks. Plant development slows down.	Folk ways. Plants can be rinsed in the shower and left in the bathroom in a humid atmosphere for half an hour. Irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp every week for 2 minutes. Chemicals based on pyrethrum, sulfur powders, Fitoverm, Actellik.
	Sticky droplets appear on the leaf plates, the leaf plates curl and deform, delicate buds and young leaves wither. Insect colonies can be seen on the tops of the shoots, buds or the underside of the leaf plates. The flowers of aphid-infested plants may become deformed.	Folk ways: infusion of nettle, decoction of rhubarb leaves, wormwood, soap solution, infusion of tobacco and dandelion, onions, marigolds, yarrow, tansy, dusting with wood ash. Chemicals: Sulfur powders, treatment with green potassium soap of green mass without getting into the ground, Decis, Aktellik, Fitoverm.
	The appearance of yellow spots on the leaf blades, small brown dots can be observed on the underside of the leaves. When spread, the pests cause the leaves to turn yellow, dry and fall off.	Folk ways... Increase air humidity, wipe the surface of leaves with soapy water to reduce the number of pests. Preparations based on pyrethrum - 2-fold treatment with an interval of 7 - 10 days, spraying with tobacco infusion, infusion of yarrow or Persian chamomile, decoction of cyclamen tubers. Chemicals: dusting with sulfur powders, the use of anabazine sulfate in a soapy solution.
	Through holes in leaf blades, skeletonized leaves, gnawed edges of leaves, spider webs and cocoons on leaves.	Mechanical control measures: collection and destruction by hand, the device of trapping belts and the installation of pheromone traps. Folk ways: spraying with a decoction of yarrow, potato tops, infusions of tobacco, wormwood and garlic, fumigation with smoke. Chemical and biological agents: biological agents - Fitoverm, Entobacterin, insecticidal preparations - Actellik, Iskra, Aktara, Karate, Inta - Vir, Fufanon, Karbofos.
	Small denticles appear along the edges of the leaf plates, leaves and shoots of plants lose their turgor	Folk ways: transplant with a complete replacement of the substrate. The surface of the soil can be covered with plastic wrap for several days in order to prevent adult insects from entering to lay eggs. Adult insects are easy to pick up by hand at night. Spraying with hot pepper decoction. Chemicals: Bona Forte; Fitoverm; Actellik; Fufanon-Nova; Aktara; Kinmix.
Snails, slugs	Through holes in leaf blades, traces of mucus on the leaf surface.	Folk ways: manual collection of harmful insects, dusting plant leaves with mustard and hot pepper, wood ash mixed with baking soda, tobacco dust. Chemicals: superphosphate granules, copper preparations, Thunderstorm, Slime-eater, Antislice, Meta.

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4.6 Soil for primrose

The substrate must contain maximum amount of organic matter in the form of peat, turf and leaf humus, well-rotted manure.

To increase moisture capacity, a small amount is mixed into the ground for primrose sphagnum moss.

The finished flower substrate should have acidic or neutral pH... Components such as small pieces of pine bark or pine needles will help maintain the required level of acidity.

To improve drainage, add coarse river sand or special additives that can be purchased at a flower shop - perlite or vermiculite.

The soil should be easy to allow moisture to pass through and allow the root system to breathe.



4.7 Housekeeping, pruning

Growing room primrose is possible even for beginners - it does not require careful maintenance... The main difficulty in keeping a flower is maintaining coolness during the flowering period.

Timely remove wilted flowers to extend the flowering period. Pruning is also subject to old leaves, which from time to time will appear at the base of the leaf outlet.

Prune with a sharpened pruning shear, removing leaves as close to the base as possible.

In bushes growing in open ground remove leaf blades in the fall do not do it - they will protect the root system from freezing. Sanitary pruning is carried out only in the spring.




Take out the plants outside in the warm season, by placing flower pots in shade from the sun, as well as protected from heavy rainfall and strong wind location.

In the fall, you can take your time to bring the flower back into the room - a primrose in a pot can easily endure short frosts at night. The daily temperature drop, which often occurs in autumn days, can provoke a second wave of flowering.

Do not place the flower near working heating systems.

4.8 Forcing primrose

Primrose can be used indoors as distillation plant and get a flowering bush for any holiday.

For distilling plants dug in the fall together with a lump of earth and transplanted into a suitable pot.

The bushes are kept in a cool and relatively dry room at a temperature 0 - 2 ° C - you can even leave it outside in the fall, sheltering it from excess moisture.

In the second half of January the temperature of the content is increased to 8 - 12 ° C, and with the appearance of the first signs of new growth, watering and feeding are resumed.

The specific timing of the onset of flowering will depend on the variety, so it is worth adapting to forcing during 2 - 3 years old.

After flowering, the bush is again planted in open ground and it will be possible to pick them up for re-distillation only after 2 - 3 years... During this time, the plants have time to work up nutrients and are again ready for the onset of lush flowering.



4.9 Watering the primrose

Keep the soil evenly moist, but not waterlogged during growth and budding.

Between waterings in spring and summer, dry only a sufficiently thin topsoil with a thickness about 1 cm. If in winter period the plant is kept cool - reduce the frequency of watering to a minimum.

The primrose does not like stagnation of moisture - the excess amount of water that appears after watering in the pan is drained after a few minutes.

It is advisable to use bottom irrigationby immersing the pot with the plant for a few minutes in a large container of water - this way water droplets will not fall into the leaf outlet.

It is impossible to constantly apply bottom irrigation, since as a result of them, a redistribution of nutrients in the soil layer can occur.




Every second watering from watering cans with a long and narrow spoutallowing moisture to be introduced directly into the soil without getting on the leaves.

For irrigation use water at room temperature, previously separated from chlorine and calcium salts within 1 - 2 days. Plants respond well to watering rain or melt water.

IN autumn months, as the air temperature decreases, the water temperature can also be reduced - this will induce the flower to go into a dormant state.

Every month, you can add to the water for irrigation any acid (lemon, aspirin) or stand with a cloth bag filled with peat.

It is advisable to water in the morning or evening.



4.10. Top dressing

Every 2 weeks Feed the plants during the growing season with liquid fertilizer for flowering plants that are high in potassium and phosphorus. Excessive nitrogen in fertilizers will force the bushes to grow leaf rosettes to the detriment of bud formation. Fertilizers can be diluted to half of the recommended dose on the package.

Apply mineral fertilizers into a well-moisturized substrate - in dry soil, a concentrated solution, getting on the root system, can cause it to burn.




Evening primrose respond well to organic feeding, however, you cannot overdo it with organic matter - it contains a lot of nitrogen. Slurry or humus is used as organic fertilizing.

All organic matterused for feeding should be well rotted - fresh organic matter can only harm the flower.

In the autumn period, the frequency of dressings is gradually reduced and in winter months stop feeding the bushes. They begin to apply fertilizers with the appearance of new, young leaves in late winter or early spring.



4.11 Lighting

Place the primrose in a brightly lit area with plenty of reflected sun rays ... It is better to shade the plant from the direct sun - the sun's rays can greatly reduce the flowering time.

Bushes can swim in the sun's rays in the morning and in the evening - before sunset, prolonged exposure to the sun during the daytime in spring and summer is not desirable.

With a lack of lighting, flowering may be too meager.



Windows are most suitable for a flower. east and west side... On south windowsill the primrose is protected from the direct sun with a light curtain. On north the flower will need to organize competent artificial lighting.

As light sources in rooms, you can successfully use fluorescent or lED bulbsas well as specially designed phyto-lamps with a red-blue spectrum.



4.12 Growing conditions - temperature

Indoor primrose does not like high temperatures and prefers a cool content at a temperature 13 - 16 ° C even during the growing season. At higher temperatures, the flowering time is sharply reduced. Since it is early spring during the flowering period, the flower can simply be taken out to the balcony, where the air temperature is just within 10 - 15 ° C.

After flowering, the air temperature may rise up to 18 - 23° C - when kept in a humid atmosphere and adequate watering, the flower easily tolerate this temperature.

In the winter months, plants require a cool dormant period at a temperature about 10 ° C.



When grown outdoors, this delicate herbaceous perennial is able to survive strong and prolonged frosts, reaching -30 ° C.

Primroses are kept in cooler conditions, and varieties blooming in summer can be placed in a fairly warm room.

Inverse conical primrose requires warm enough conditions and is kept at a temperature from 16 to 20° C during the period of active growth and flowering.



4.13 Sprinkling Primrose

Maintain high humidity by placing a container of primrose on pallet with wet pebbles or use room humidifier.

Any air will humidify well container with water or a small decorative pond or fountain - this will be especially true if the flower is in a cool place.

Provide the plant good air movement, periodically airing the room where the flower is. You should not place the plant near working heating batteries, but cold drafts are most often not terrible for this flower.



4.14 Purpose

Small but very bright decorative flowering plant, great for landscaping balconies and terraces and for growing as a home flower.

The compact size of the bushes allows build an impressive collection plants in confined spaces.

The bright color of the flowers will catch the eye both when grown in the garden and when kept in homes.

The primrose will become a real decoration of the site at a time when few plants have swollen buds and the landscape remains gray and dull.

By combining different types of primrose, the flowering of which occurs at different times, you can get blooming flower bed over a long period of time - from spring to autumn.





4.15 Note, Interesting Facts

poisonous for pets - keep bushes out of the reach of pets. The plant is allergenic and should be kept with care by people prone to allergic reactions. Even the Vikings believed that primrose flowers are the keys for the goddess of fertility and agriculture, Freya, and with the help of this plant she opens the gate in spring. In ancient Greece, plants were used as medicinal plants. In European countries, flower growers began to use primrose back in the 16th century. The British are big fans of primrose and even created the Royal Society of Auricul Primrose Lovers. This flower is treated with great respect in this country and is grown in cozy greenhouses.

Hydroponics.

5. Varieties:

5.1.Primula ear (auricula) - Primula auricula

An attractive flowering perennial up to 20 cm high. The plant forms a basal rosette of light green, thick, broadly triangular, oval, rounded leaves. The leaf blades may have small denticles along the edge. Each leaf rosette can produce several sturdy, erect, thick, leafless flower stalks with bright inflorescences on top. There are a lot of color variations in this variety - they include almost the entire color gamut. Some plants have flowers that are colored in two, three or even four shades at the same time.



5.2. Primula stemless, ordinary - Primula acaulis, Primula vulgaris

Bright, compact, showy, perennial primrose. In warm climates or when grown in indoor conditions, plants can remain evergreen, but with the onset of frost, the entire above-ground part dies off. The leaves are green, glossy, oblong-oval, with well-pronounced, branched veins recessed into the leaf blades. Collected leaves in root rosettes. Peduncles are low, thick, bear small inflorescences on the tops. The flower is bright, reaching a diameter of 2.5 cm, painted in very diverse shades. Peduncles reach a height of 10 to 30 cm.



5.3. Primula obconica, reverse lanceolate, or reverse conical - Primula obconica

An evergreen flowering perennial with large leaves, slightly corrugated at the edges. The leaf blades reach a length of 15 cm, are colored green, have a glossy surface. Peduncles are high, erect, up to 40 cm in height. The flowers are often soft, pastel colors with a green or yellowish center. Flower shades include white, pink, salmon, lilac, purple, burgundy. The height of this plant can be from 15 to 40 cm.



5.4 Small-toothed primula - Prímula denticulata

Perennial flowering, herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 45 cm. The leaves are bright green, oblong, oval, with branched veins recessed into the leaf blades. The edges of the leaf plates have small denticles. Peduncles are thick, strong, forming bright, rounded inflorescences at the tops. Flowers can be white, pink, lilac, purple and often have a yellow center.



5.5. Japanese primrose or candelabra - Primula japonica

Rather tall herbaceous, flowering plants with green, oblong - oval leaves. The leaf blades are glossy, covered with a branched network of veins. The leaves are collected in basal rosettes, the edges of the leaf plates have small denticles. Peduncles are thin, erect. Each peduncle has several tiers of bright, attractive flowers. The buds open sequentially - from the base of the peduncle to its top. Flowers can be painted in burgundy, pink or lilac shades. Plants with orange or white flowers are sometimes found.



5.6. Primula high - Primula elatior

Delicate herbaceous perennial up to 30 cm high with soft, green, basal leaves collected in a rosette. The leaf blades can be covered with slight pubescence and have a whole network of branched veins. Peduncles are erect, tall, leafless, slightly pubescent, bearing fragrant buds on the tops. The flowers reach a diameter of 2.5 cm and can be painted in white, cream, dark brown or burgundy shades. The center of the flowers remains yellow.



5.6.1. victorian - Рrimula Victoriana

Victorian primrose hybrids reach 15 cm high and form a rosette of green, oval leaves. During the flowering period in May, plants throw out tall pubescent peduncles, each of which can have up to 12 buds. The flowers are small, with rounded petals of various shades, the center of the flowers is yellow.



5.7. Primula Siebold - Primula sieboldii

Evergreen, perennial, delicate plants that form large colonies with age. The leaves are bright green, oblong, oval, covered with a whole network of veins, collected in a basal rosette. Peduncles 10 - 25 cm high, have attractive pubescence, form bright, fragrant inflorescences at the tops. The flowers are white, pinkish, lilac, blue. Currently, varieties with flowers have been bred, the petals of which have a bizarrely cut shape. The edges of the leaf plates are covered with large denticles and may be slightly corrugated. Plants can reach a height of 30 - 45 cm.



5.8 Polyanthus Primula - Primula polyanthus

Spectacular, compact, flowering bushes, reaching a height of 15 - 30 cm. The plant belongs to primroses. Leaves are oval, green, glossy, with branched veins recessed into leaf blades. Each leaf rosette is capable of forming several erect, thin, lowered peduncles. Flower shades can be found in the widest colors... The center of the flowers remains yellow. During the flowering period, the plants emit a very pleasant aroma.



5.8.1 Primula Francesca - Primula Francesca

Polyanthus primrose variety characterized by large greenish flowers with a bright yellow center. Flower petals are corrugated along the edge. The bushes reach a height of 30 cm.



5.9. Julia - Primula juliae

This species was first discovered in the Caucasus in 1900. The bushes are compact, reach a height of 10 - 15 cm, have green leaves with a serrated edge up to 5 cm long. Flowers are lilac or purple with a yellow center, bloom in early spring.



5.10 Primrose cortical - Primula cortusoides

Primroses with oblong, green leaf blades, during the flowering period, form tall peduncles with small lilac flowers at the top. The plant height is 15 - 20 cm. The variety has an enviable frost resistance and easily withstands negative temperatures down to -20 ° C.



5.11. Florinda - Primula florindae

The dimensions of this primrose can be considered the most outstanding - the height of the plant can reach 120 cm, and during the flowering period it probably emits the most intense aroma among primroses. Plants form tall erect peduncles, each of which can have up to 40 buds. The inflorescences of this variety resemble fireworks in shape and consist of delicate, often drooping bell-shaped flowers. The flowering period begins in summer.

veris - Primula veris

This variety is also called the common primrose. It is a perennial flowering plant that blooms in early spring. The bushes reach a height of 30 cm and bear small attractive flowers of various shades, but mainly in yellow and red tones, at the tops of vertical peduncles. It is considered one of the most unpretentious and hardy primrose varieties.



Primula macrocalyx ( Primulaveris subsp. macrocalyx)

The primrose subspecies, veris, is a perennial herb that is widely used in folk medicine as an expectorant, diuretic, sedative, antispasmodic and diaphoretic. Plants reach a height of 20 - 35 cm, the leaves are light green, oblong - oval, with a textured surface and light pubescence. Peduncles are vertical, on the tops bear large inflorescences with lemon - yellow flowers... The flowering period begins in the second half of May - early June.



5.15 Primula Modesta

Miniature plants up to 15 cm high with a basal rosette of leaves and tall peduncles with inflorescences of attractive lilac flowers at the top. The flowers are only 1.5 cm in diameter.



5.16. capitate - Рrimula capitata

You can recognize primrose in this variety only by sheet plates. Rounded inflorescences on strong high peduncles consist of many tubular purple flowers that bloom from the edges to the middle of the umbrella, and therefore the flowering period of this primrose is quite long. Bushes bloom in late spring - early summer and reach a height of 30 cm.



Primula beesiana

Candelabra primrose blooming in late May - early June. Plants are characterized by very tall peduncles, each of which has 6 0 8 tiers - inflorescences. Flowers, quite varied in shades, often have a yellow or orange center.



Bullesiana - Primula bullesiana

Another candelabra primrose, reaching a height of 50 cm. The main distinguishing feature of this plant is its attractive tender. pastel color of buds.



5.19. pleasant -Primula amoena

Delicate perennials up to 25 cm high with dark green, oblong, hard leaves and high peduncles. The flowers are lavender or purple, often with a yellow center.



5.20. mealy - Рrimula farinosa

The second name of this variety is alpine primrose. Plants are a rosette of leaves with one or more peduncles in the center. Peduncles grow up to 20 cm and carry an inflorescence of small lilac flowers 1 - 2 cm in diameter at the top.



5.21. Haller - Рrimula halleri

Bushes up to 20 cm high with delicate, highly pubescent leaves, oblong - oval. Extremely hardy plants, able to tolerate outdoors down to -30 ° C.



sikkim - Primula sikkimensis

This species of primroses was found in the highlands of the Himalayas. the plants are large - they reach a height of 90 cm. Plants form very dense, large leafy rosettes and, during the flowering period, produce vertical leafless peduncles, on top of which there are medium-sized yellow flowers with a pleasant aroma.



5.23. scandinavian - Primula scandinavica

Compact variety up to 20 cm high with a small leaf rosette and pubescent erect peduncles. The flowers are lilac or purple with a yellow center. Unfortunately, this species is endangered.



burmese - Primula burmanica

Tall candelabra primrose, reaching 90 cm in height. Plants are distinguished by very dark, oblong - oval, basal leaves and tall peduncles. On the peduncles there are several tiers of small red and pink flowers. orange or lilac shades. In the open field withstand frosts down to -20 ° C



5.25. pruhonitskaya - Рrimula pruhoniciana

Compact primroses that bloom immediately after the snow melts. Re-flowering is also possible in the autumn months.



5.26 Primula Viale or Orchid - Primula vialii

Another variety with an unusual shape of inflorescences for primroses - they resemble candles. Flowering occurs quite late - in June - July, the height of plants can reach 50 cm. The leaves are light green, oblong, covered with sparse pubescence. Peduncles are leafless, erect. The flowers are bright blue, bell-shaped, open sequentially - from the base of the inflorescences to their tops.



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Primula (Primula) is a herbaceous plant of the primrose family, which are distributed almost throughout the globe, but mainly in Central Europe and temperate climatic zones of Asia and North America.

The name of the genus comes from the Latin "primus" - the first, which is explained by the fact that the primrose blooms in early spring, when the snow has not melted outside the window yet. In late February or early March, colorful bouquets in flower pots will cheer you up and can be a wonderful gift. Primrose arrived in our region from China. During flowering, this plant consists, as it were, of small "gramophones". It is very fond of experienced flower growers and those who received this plant as a gift. Now, in order to preserve it, you need to learn everything about caring for it.

The dignity of the primrose is not only the varied and bright color of flowers, but also the ability to delight with its flowering for a long time. The plant has perennial, biennial and annual species. Indoor primrose has a fibrous root system, a very short stem and soft, slightly fluffy leaves. The color of flowers is lilac, pink, purple, milky white, dark blue, but the mouth of the flower tube is always only yellow. There are usually a lot of flowers, they seem to be collected in a small bouquet.

Primrose: care and cultivation at home

Location and lighting

Primrose is very fond of light and moderate heat, but not direct sunlight, but diffused lighting. A primrose flower pot is best placed on a windowsill located on the east or west side of the room.

Temperature

It is better to grow primrose in a room with a temperature of 12 to 20 degrees Celsius. In winter and spring, during the flowering period, the most optimal temperature is 8-12 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the plant remains blooming and beautiful for a long time.

When the flowering period is over, the plant can be transplanted into open ground. The ideal place for primrose will be a shady area, under the crown of a tree, which will become her reliable protection during heavy rain or hot sunlight.

For the winter, you can again make the primrose a houseplant, but it's not scary and leave it to winter in the garden. These flowers feel great as garden flowers, and can overwinter for open area in temperate climates.

Watering

For watering room primrose, you need to use only water that has been settled for several days or rain (you can also thaw). Watering regimes differ before, during and after primrose bloom. During the flowering period and before it, watering should be moderate, but regular. The soil should always be slightly moistened, but overflow and waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed.

When flowering is over, watering is somewhat reduced. Now the plant needs to be watered only when the topsoil begins to dry out a little.

Air humidity

It is very important for primrose to be in a room with high humidity. With a lack of it, the houseplant will react negatively - the tips of the leaves will begin to dry, and the flowering time will be reduced significantly. City apartments, on the contrary, are usually characterized by excessive dry air. In this case, the plant needs daily spraying. They need to be carried out regularly and at the same time make sure that only leaves and stems are moistened. It is not recommended that the water gets on the flowers.

If it is not possible to spray plants, then you can put the flower pot in a small container with wet expanded clay. The plant itself will take the required amount of moisture.

The soil

For growing primroses, you can purchase a special soil mixture (for example, "Geranium Mix" is suitable), or you can prepare it yourself. To do this, it is better to take neutral soil, even from your garden plot, and mix it with a small part of the sand (preferably river and coarse). Or use a substrate of deciduous and sod land, peat and river sand in equal proportions.

Transfer

If your indoor primrose is a perennial species, then it will need a transplant. Since the roots of the plant are not long, you need to choose a wide, but not deep flower pot. A thin drainage layer is laid out on the bottom (for example, expanded clay or fine gravel), and on top - soil.

Breeding primrose

A relatively simple and better method of breeding primrose is reproduction by division. You need to choose three or even four summer plant after the end of the flowering period. Parts of the plant are necessarily separated from the primrose with their own growth bud.

Reproduction by seeds is a more troublesome and time-consuming method. Seeds are sown in any month of the first half of the year, but it is still more favorable to do this in the summer.

Pour the purchased "Universal soil mixture" into the prepared container and water it moderately. Further, the seeds are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the soil and lightly sprinkled with earth on top. You can cover the container with seeds with glass or use glass jars. Such a greenhouse is placed in a cool place. The sprouts should appear in about 15-20 days.

Dense seedlings can be divided and transplanted into individual pots. These pots need to be transferred to open ground, but always in a shady place (for example, under a tree), where the primrose will not be harmed by hot sunlight or heavy rain and wind.

With the onset of autumn, the plant is transferred to a cool room and left there until spring. With proper care for young primroses, they can please with their flowering by the New Year.

Forcing room primrose

Forcing one plant is applied once every three years. In the fall, with the onset of the first frost, the garden primrose must be dug up along with a small earthen clod and transferred to a flower pot. The plant should overwinter in a cold room (for example, in a basement or cellar) with a temperature of about five degrees Celsius. At higher temperatures, primrose will begin to grow and flower buds will be inhibited.

Watering is not required until the end of February. But at the end of the calendar winter, the plant must be brought into the house and start regular and correct watering... Very soon, primrose will begin to grow actively and will delight you with its bright flowering. After flowering, primrose can be planted again in the garden.

For forcing garden primrose, you need to take cuttings from mature plants or use its two-year-old seedlings.

Diseases and pests

Primrose can get sick after being in the garden for a long time. The signs of the disease can be easily noticed by the appearance of the plant. Fungal or infectious diseases, as well as the presence of pests, manifests itself in all parts of the plant. Leaves may begin to dry out or turn dark brown or yellow spots... Flower buds will fall off without opening. And flowering may not come at all. The most common diseases and pests are spider mites and powdery mildew.

In this case, you should not move the primrose indoors, so as not to infect other plants. You must immediately use special insecticidal preparations.

Primrose - growing and care (video)

The snow began to melt, and colorful islands appeared in different parts of the garden - the primrose bloomed! Do not hold back a smile: spring has come, now it is final! After all, a primrose is a real spring flower, which is called a primrose. But it is not necessary to be in the alpine meadows in early spring to admire the delicate flower. The room primrose feels great at home, on any windowsill, and can delight its owners all year round. Let's get to know the primrose better, learn how to care for an amazing flower.

What is she, primula room

In the photo, stemless primrose

In a short room primrose (usually not higher than 25-30 cm), flowers are remembered first of all. At the time of flowering, the plant is densely covered with five-petal petals. A special feature is a variety of colors of flowers: blue and yellow, purple and pink, white and blue, presented in many shades. Bright or delicate inflorescences are beautifully arranged on a rosette of bright green oval leaves with noticeable veins.

With proper care, primrose plantings are durable.
It blooms profusely in spring and winter, and with good care it is possible almost throughout the year.

Types of room primrose

Types of room primrose that are common and are loved by flower growers:

• Soft-leaved

In the photo, indoor soft-leaved primrose

Light green large leaves in the rosette are somewhat elongated, there is only one basal rosette on the primrose bush, in inflorescences from 15 to 20 white, purple, pink, red flowers. Peduncles are tall, grow vertically. Blooms in early spring, has a long flowering (three months or more).

• Reverse conical

In the photo, primrose indoor obkonika

Reverse conical indoor primroses have another name - obkonika. They are especially popular among indoor flowers. Elongated leaves with wavy edges are painted in a beautiful emerald green color. Peduncles are short, beautiful flowers raspberry, pink, white, red, lilac shades are collected in umbrella inflorescences. The size of the inflorescences is determined by their diameter and is equal to from 7 to 12 cm.Obkonik blooms from 1.5 to 2 months, but many growers, providing high-quality content, lengthen the flowering period,

• Common stemless

In the photo, common primrose or Primula vulgaris

Miniature (up to 20 cm) stemless indoor species have a bright shade of green leaves. Another difference is related to the arrangement of the flowers. They grow singly, attaching themselves to individual peduncles. Peduncles are long, flowers are small, flowers are varied. The flowering of stemless primrose begins in spring (April) and lasts four months.

All types of primroses are beautiful in their own way, able to please lovers of indoor flowers, are an effective element of interior design.

Video "Primula room"

Reproduction and planting

Florists can use one of three types of its reproduction. Each method has its own rules, the observance of which will help to obtain quality plants.

Sowing seeds

A fairly simple and effective way to breed primroses is to use plant seeds. Seed producers provide the opportunity to choose the variety they like. You don't have to buy seeds, but collect them from an existing flower.

We collect the flower seeds themselves

It is important to observe the optimal timing of sowing seeds:

The sequence of actions when multiplying primrose seeds:

1. We pickle the seeds by lowering them in turn, first in hot water (from 15 to 20 minutes), then in cold water (2-3 minutes). Dry the pickled seeds completely. Please note: dressing is only necessary for seeds that are harvested on their own. The purchased seeds went through the procedure in preparation for sale.
2. Preparing the landing container. Sowing primrose requires a small container, which we fill with soil. You can use a commercially available special primer. But it is not difficult to prepare it ourselves: we mix earth and sand in equal proportions. We spill the soil abundantly with water at room temperature.
3. We sow the seeds, evenly distributing them on the soil surface. There is no need to cover the seeds with a layer of earth or sand! But do not forget to shed the seeds lying on the ground!
4. We create the conditions necessary for germination. The container with seeds should be covered and at the same time left in the light. This can be done using glass or cellophane film. You need to keep the seeds at a temperature not higher than 18 °. It is a good idea to use vegetable refrigerator shelves. We keep a container with primrose there until sprouts appear, not forgetting to water and ventilate. After that, you can change the location and rearrange it on the windowsill. The final planting in pots is carried out when the leaves appear on the shoots.

Video "How to sow primrose in winter"

Dividing the bush

Propagation of primrose by division is carried out when the flowering of the bush chosen for reproduction ends. When preparing the primrose flower for division, we rearrange the pot in a dark room, where the plant remains until new shoots appear. Make sure that the primrose does not dry out, do not forget about watering!

We water the bush with new shoots abundantly, and after a while we carefully take it out of the pot, trying not to cause serious damage to the roots. We also carefully divide the plant into several parts. It is necessary to pay attention that on the roots of each separated part there is a sleeping bud, from which a rosette of leaves will subsequently appear. Cut off too long roots. The procedure is completed by planting the prepared parts of the plant in well-moistened soil.

Cuttings

If there is a desire to propagate primrose, but its young bush is still too small and cannot be divided into parts, you can use cuttings. For such reproduction, first of all, a primrose stalk is prepared. It becomes a cut leaf, which is cut off, keeping the cutting. For the further development of the plant, the presence of a bud on the cuttings is also important. The best planting soil for cutting is a mixture of sand and peat. A stalk is planted in a container with moistened soil. Correct location sheet - at an angle. A small layer of earth is applied on top, watered.

Experienced growers know: all methods of primrose propagation are quite simple and effective.

Reproduction of indoor plants is an amazing activity

Conditions for growing room primrose

Growing a plant that will delight you with its healthy appearance, long and colorful flowering, is possible subject to simple keeping conditions. What will provide the flower with competent care?

The soil

Indoor primrose flowers do not tolerate increased acidity of the soil! The most suitable is a mixture of sandy, earthen, peat parts. We take all the components for the mixture in equal proportions. The prepared composition must be placed in a container for drainage (expanded clay, small pebbles).

Watering

Home care is primarily about proper watering. The indoor primrose will be grateful for timely hydration, especially when the plant is blooming. How much water is required indoor flower? The best option is to keep the soil moist all the time. At the same time, overflows should be avoided, which can lead to waterlogging and root rot. You can lengthen the periods between waterings so that the soil can dry out when the flowering is over.

For watering, the water is first defended. When carrying out root watering, be careful not to allow moisture to get on the upper surface of the leaf.

Using a drip tray - ideal for primrose.

Top dressing

Primrose in room conditions does not force you to use top dressing all the time. Mineral formulations that contain micronutrient fertilizers will be beneficial if applied during budding and flowering. Prepare a low concentration of fertilizer in accordance with the instructions for its use, apply once every 14 days, and the plant will thank you with beautiful flowers.

Top dressing of indoor flowers

Lighting and temperature

Caring for primrose in room conditions involves observing light and thermal conditions. A light-loving flower reacts poorly to direct sunlight. Shade and partial shade are better tolerated by primrose. The normal development of a flower occurs in a room with a temperature of + 18 °.

Excessively dry air also does not please the plant. To make the primrose feel more comfortable, you can use systematic spraying with water. Be careful: you can spray only the leaves, and their lower part. No moisture is allowed on the petals!

Disease and pest control

Fungal and viral diseases (rot, powdery mildew, spotting) or pests: spider mites, aphids, weevils can harm the delicate flower.

Compliance with a non-rotting watering regime will help prevent diseases. And in case of illness, the appearance of pests, urgent intervention is required! The plant is freed from diseased leaves and flowers, fungicides (Fundazol, etc.) and the soil and primrose bush are treated with special preparations.

Be careful when using special chemicals! It is helpful to remember that gloves are helpful when interacting with primroses. Not only preparations, but also primrose leaves sometimes become sources of skin irritation.

Houseplant pests and methods of dealing with them

Video "Why do primroses die"

According to legend, the first primrose flower appeared at the place where the keys to paradise fell. They fell out of the hands of the Apostle Peter and helped the miracle to happen. Since that time, primrose has magically transformed any place where it grows into a piece of paradise.
To become a wizard and create a heavenly place in your home is real and within the power of everyone. To do this, you just need to get a room primrose ...

There are hundreds of houseplant options. One of the most beloved species of flower growers is primrose: it has bright colors of various shades, blooms for a long time and is easy to care for. In this article, we will show you how to grow and care for this plant.

Primrose: general information

Primrose has about 500 plant species of the primrose family. It got its name from the time of flowering: flowers appear almost immediately after the snow melts. Wild primrose grows in the temperate zone: in Europe, Alps, Asia and North America. Indoor species can be grown anywhere in the world. They are distinguished by bright saturated colors: its flowers grow in inflorescences and have pink, red, yellow, white, blue and orange shades. The height of the bush does not exceed 25-30 cm, the leaves are distinguished by a pleasant green color.

Among all varieties, the following types are especially suitable for rooms:

1. Common primrose or stemless: it is distinguished by wrinkled leaves and large flowers of red, yellow and blue shades.
2. Primrose soft-leaved: its homeland is China. It is an annual cultivar that grows up to 50 cm in height. It has serrated leaves up to 20 cm long and has a pleasant aroma. The flowering period is in the second half of winter.
3. Primula reverse conical: a perennial native to China, reaches half a meter in height. It has rounded drooping leaves and flowers of pink, red and blue. Some varieties are not poisonous and do not provoke allergies.
4. Chinese primrose: grows up to 30 cm, leaves can reach 15 cm, flower diameter - 4 cm.The edges of the leaves are serrated, the flowers can be wavy. For annual flowering, it is required to organize a period of artificial dormancy once a year.
5. Primula of Chusa: has a heart-shaped leaf shape with a characteristic white bloom, a pleasant smell and small yellowish flowers.

Basic rules of care

Primrose, home care which is quite easy and simple, still requires compliance with some rules.

• The plant requires a light room, but not filled with direct sunlight - windows in the west and north are well suited if there are no drafts.
• The room should not be hot - for primrose, the optimum temperature is 16-20 degrees. Abundant flowering can be achieved with a low temperature - no more than 16 degrees. During flowering, the temperature should be lowered even lower - up to 12-14 degrees.
• It is good to use a mixture of equal parts of peat, sand and leaves as a soil, you can also add sod. Good drainage must be ensured, otherwise water will stagnate.
• Watering should be moderate as the soil dries out, and you should not pour water directly on the leaves, otherwise they will begin to rot. For the same reason, spraying is completely excluded, but you can not worry about the humidity of the air - the primrose can easily cope with any.
• It is required to feed the flower once every 2 weeks. It is important to remember that feeding can only be done after the flowers have formed, otherwise the plant will throw all its strength into the growth of leaves, and flowering will be delayed.
• As a care, it is recommended to regularly remove dry leaves and flowers, pluck dry stems.

Transplanting primrose

Home rimula requires regular replanting once a year at the end of flowering. It takes place in several stages:

1. Having turned over the slides with primrose, the plant is carefully pulled out from there, trying not to damage the roots;
2. The roots of primrose are carefully revised and damaged or diseased ones are removed to prevent infection;
3. In the pot large sizes a small amount of prepared earth is poured;
4. Then the primrose itself is installed and covered with earth to the edges, slightly crushing;
5. At the end, the ground is slightly crushed.

Distillation

During forcing, primroses are transplanted into more favorable conditions to accelerate their growth and development. it allows you to get flowers faster, but at the same time there is a depletion of roots and stems, and therefore the flowers will need a long - up to 2 years - recovery and rest. For forcing use garden primroses, which are more than 2 years old.

• Before freezing, primroses are dug up and, together with the soil adhering to the roots, are transferred into separate containers.
• They are stored in dark rooms at a temperature of no more than 8 degrees, without watering: under warmer conditions, they will begin to grow actively, and flowering, on the contrary, will slow down and come much later.
• Then, at the end of January, the containers are transferred to a lighter room and the temperature is raised, but not more than +18 degrees, while they are slowly watered.
• With this method, flowering begins by early spring. Forcing is often used to get the first flowers by March 8th.
• After flowering, the primrose should be transferred to a cool, bright place and watered regularly. After 1-3 years, it can be used again for distillation.

Reproduction

Growing room primrose can be done in three ways: by seeds, dividing and cuttings. At least six months pass from the moment of planting to flowering.

Seeds

This is a familiar method that is usually used to grow annual varieties. Depending on the selected type seeds are planted at different times: Typically mid to late spring or early summer. For this method, a mixture of equal amounts of deciduous soil and sand is used. Seeds can be harvested every year from faded primroses or purchased.

1. The seeds are scattered over the surface, poured abundantly with water and covered with glass to create a greenhouse effect.
2. After that, the pot is transferred to a cool and bright place for 1.5–2 weeks.
3. When the first shoots appear, the glass can be removed, but it is best to keep the pot at a low temperature.
4. Water the sprouts once a month, thin out and plant as they grow.
5. After 3 months, the strongest are seated in separate pots. small size... When they grow up, they are transplanted into larger dishes.

Cuttings

Side branches can be used for this option. It is necessary prepare a small pot in advance and pour peat and a layer of sand about 2 cm thick into it.

• A stem with a leaf and a bud is cut off from a primrose. The sheet is cut in half, the cut line should be even, without notches.
• The petiole is planted in the ground to a depth of 1 cm at an angle and watered.
• The pot must be removed in a cool room, periodically watered.
• After about 3 months, when the petiole takes root and 3-4 leaves appear on it, it is transplanted into a larger pot. A mixture of 4 parts of deciduous soil, 2 parts of humus and 1 part of sand is used as soil.

By division

The method is used after full flowering of room primrose. Preliminary the plant is removed to a dark place and watered regularly. You can divide it when the stems begin to grow vigorously.

1. The primrose is removed from the pot as during transplantation and the roots are examined.
2. Then the bush is divided into 2-3 parts, each of which is planted in separate containers and watered.
3. They are covered with transparent glass and placed in a cool room with abundant light. This should create a bathhouse effect.
4. After a few days, when the plants take root and begin to grow gradually, they are transplanted into larger pots. Several transfers may be required if the containers were initially selected incorrectly.
5. After each transplant, it is necessary to remove dry leaves, as well as feed the primrose every fortnight. mineral fertilizers.

Disease symptoms

Like any plant, indoor primrose, home care behind which it is not only regular watering, it can get sick or be attacked by pests. It is easy to calculate by some external signs:

• If the leaves have begun to rot, the reason is high humidity or getting wet;
• If yellowing and dryness, the problem may be too dry air, excess fertilizer or water;
• If the primrose does not bloom or quickly fades and drops flowers, it is worth checking the air temperature (it should not be higher than 16 degrees);
• Among insects, primrose often suffers from aphids, weevils and spider mites, and spotting is found among diseases. The latter manifests itself in the form of light gray spots on the leaves, which are then covered with bloom. To get rid of them, it is necessary to completely remove the infected leaves and sprinkle the primrose with a solution of Fundazol or Topsin.

Important

It must be remembered that primrose leaves are poisonous, and primrose itself can cause irritation and allergies. Having finished caring for the flower, you must thoroughly wash your hands, work with it should be carried out with gloves. It is not recommended to put the plant in the nursery so that the baby does not pull the flower into his mouth and does not get poisoned.

Output

Primrose is unpretentious home flower that will not cause trouble for the owners... It takes root well in cold climates and will delight beautiful flowers for a long time.

Primula is a perennial herb of the Primrose family. The root system is superficial and grows rapidly. The height of the stem is 10-25 cm. The leaf plates are solid, wrinkled, collected in a basal rosette, painted in dark green. Primrose is grown as an ornamental flowering plant. The flowers are regular in shape, consist of 5 petals, rise above the bush on a short peduncle, are located singly or racemose, umbellate inflorescences are collected. Varied in color.

Flowering usually begins in spring, but varieties that bloom in winter are bred.

In the natural environment, it lives in the temperate climatic zone of Europe, Asia, North America, China, where it grows on moist soil near water bodies.

Growing room primrose from seeds at home

Primrose seeds photo

The primrose is propagated by seeds and vegetatively. Sowing time depends on the variety of primrose. In general, this is the period from mid-spring to early summer.

• Fill the container with a mixture of leafy earth and sand, spread the seeds as rarely as possible over the surface of the soil, without burying them, otherwise they will not sprout.
• Spray with a spray bottle. Cover crops with glass or foil for successful germination.

Primula indoor growing from seeds at home photo seedlings

• Place in a bright place with an air temperature of 16-17 ° C.
• Seedlings will appear in a couple of weeks. The shelter needs to be removed.
• Leave the lighting and air temperature the same.
• Water sparingly, thinning as you grow.
• After about 3 months of life, young plants will get strong enough, then plant them in separate containers.

Indoor primrose from seeds at home

• When transplanting into separate cups, use something as a "spatula", for example, a fork, to gently pick up the seedlings with an earthen lump, without disturbing it, and transfer them to a larger container.
• The transplanted plants are gently watered.
• Further care is simple: you need moderate moisture and heat, diffused lighting. When the violets grow up, they are transferred to permanent pots.

Reproduction of room primrose by dividing the bush

During transplantation, divide the bush. Plants at least 3 years old are suitable for this. Remove the primrose from the pot, divide into 3-4 parts, a voluminous bush can give up to 6 divisions. Plant in small pots. Cover with foil to create a greenhouse effect. When the delenki take root and grow, a second transplant may be required. At each transplant, remove dried leaves, apply complex mineral fertilizers.

Propagation of primrose by leaf cuttings

Carry out cuttings in spring or autumn. Separate part of the shoot with the growth bud and leaf. Cut the leaf in half. Root in a mixture of leafy earth and sand. Lighting will be required diffused, maintain the air temperature at 17 ° C, water in moderation. With the appearance of 3-4 leaves, transplant into a pot with a diameter of about 10 cm.

How to care for primrose at home

Site selection and lighting

The plant is light-requiring, but does not tolerate direct sunlight.

The best place will be windows of the east and west orientation, it grows normally on the northern windowsill.

Air temperature

Do not overheat. The optimum air temperature is around 18 ° C. The plant will be positively affected by lowering the temperature to 12-15 ° C during the flowering period.

Ventilate the room, but keep it away from drafts. In the period March-October, place on the balcony, loggias.

How to water

During flowering, the soil should be constantly slightly moist. The rest of the time, water as the topsoil dries. Avoid excess moisture. It is better not to water it again - the leaves can wilt, but the plant will quickly recover after watering. Use bottom watering or apply water by moving around the edge of the pot so that the water does not get onto the plant leaves. Drizzle with soft water at room temperature.

You cannot spray the plant. To maintain humidity, periodically place the pot with the plant on a tray with damp moss, pebbles, expanded clay.

How to feed

During the flowering period, feed with complex mineral fertilizers. Divide the dosage recommended by the instructions in half and apply top dressing every 14 days. The rest of the time, you do not need to feed.

Transplanting room primrose

How to transplant a primrose in a pot photo

Transplant every year in spring or early fall. Soil: a mixture of turf, peat and sand. Lay a drainage layer about 2 cm thick on the bottom of the container.

Pick up a wide, shallow container.

Remove the primrose from the pot, examine the roots, remove diseased, damaged roots, treat the cut with a fungicide. Place the plant in a new pot, fill to the brim with soil, compact a little, water.

Forcing home primrose

Plants 2 years old are suitable for this. It is necessary to place the primrose in a dark place with an air temperature of about 3 ° C in late autumn. Don't water. Usually they want to get bloom by March 8, so start further actions in late January-early February. Transplant the primroses. Provide indirect lighting, air temperature within 5-10 ° C, water moderately. When the buds appear, start feeding.

Diseases and pests of room primrose

Rust, jaundice, anthracnose, powdery mildew, cucumber mosaic virus, tomato spotted wilt virus are possible primrose diseases. To save the plant, it is necessary to remove the damaged areas and treat with a fungicide.

Plant pests: nematodes, spider mites, aphids. It is necessary to carry out an insecticide treatment.

Primrose leaves turn yellow and buds fall off

• Due to excess moisture, rotting of the root system and stems is possible. Get an emergency transplant. Remove the affected areas, treat with a fungicide. Adjust watering;
• The leaves turn yellow. This happens for a number of reasons: increased temperature or dryness of the air, the soil is waterlogged, watered with hard, cold water, excessive feeding;
• Discharge of buds, flowers wither quickly. Dry air, high air temperature, lack of moisture in the soil.

Types and varieties of room primrose with photos and names

Common primrose or stemless Primula vulgaris

Primula ordinary or stemless Primula vulgaris cultivar Sphinx Apricot photo

Flowering occurs in April-June. The flowers are large, yellow, red, blue.

Varieties:

• Sphinx Apricot - flowers are bright orange;
• Sphinx F1 neon Rose - a variety with crimson flowers;
• Eclipse Violet with Rim - lilac corollas with golden border.

Primrose soft-leaved or soft Primula malacoides

Primrose soft-leaved or soft Primula malacoides variety Snow Queen photo

Plant height is 30-50 cm. The edges of the leaf plates are wavy. Umbellate inflorescence consists of 10-20 flowers.

Varieties:

Primula Mars photo

Mars - lilac corolla;

White pearls - flowers of white color with pearl overflow;

Primula White Pearl photo

Juliet mixed - double flowers with a double color: from pastel to mauve;

Enchantment - inflorescences have a bright blue color;

Snow Queen - snow-white flowers.

Primula obconica or reverse conic Primula obconica

Primula obconica or reverse conic Primula obconica

Reaches a height of 20 cm. It has oblong oval leaves, they are cut into 3 lobes. The flowers are pink, red, blue.

Primula reverse conic variety Primula Twilly Touch Me photo

TwillyTouch Me is a group of varieties of this species. The colors can be pink, lavender, purple, combine 2 shades or colors.

Chinese primrose Primula sinensis

Chinese primrose Primula sinensis

Primroses about 30 cm high with large leaves about 15 cm long. The edges of the leaf plates are serrated or wavy. The corolla diameter is 4 cm.

Primula Cue - heart-shaped leaf plates, pubescent. The flowers are small, bright yellow in color.

Useful properties of primrose

The ground part contains ascorbic acid, carotene, and many vitamins. The roots are rich in essential oils, glycosides.

A decoction of the leaves is taken as a sedative, hypnotic, to strengthen the immune system. Primrose has a diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant effect.

The bright primrose is one of the most popular annual and perennial herbaceous potted spring primroses.

The common name of the genus comes from the Latin word "primus", that is, early, first, indicating an earlier flowering of culture. Its homeland is North America and Asia, common in the mountains of the Crimea and the Caucasus, in European countries with a temperate climate.

There are about 500 members of the genus in total, but only a few species of Asian origin are grown as indoor plants. Through the efforts of breeders, a wide variety of fairly hardy varieties and hybrids have been bred, which are distinguished by a huge variety of colors.

Long oval leaves, gathered in a rosette, frame a bunch of bright large flowers in all shades of the rainbow: yellow, orange, brown, pink, purple, blue or white. The height of the bush is no more than 25-30 cm.

As a rule, at home, the plant is considered an annual, but if you provide the room primrose with proper care, then you can thus prolong not only flowering, but also the life of this magnificent primrose.

Popular types

Primula akaulis or ordinary (Primula acaulis) is a hybrid and is most often cultivated in the open field, but there are several spectacular indoor miniature varietal forms. Flowering is very long.

The main disadvantage of the species is its high sensitivity to higher temperatures - the bush withers quickly. Famous varieties of akaulis: "Harlequin bicolor" with especially large flowers, "Jackpot", apricot "Srhinx Apricot", "Belarina series", burgundy flowers of which are similar to roses, red-orange "Notso Prim".

Perennial primrose reverse conic or obconica (Primula obconica) originally from China. The most common indoor primrose species.

Flowers up to 8 cm in diameter can be white, red, or all shades of pink and purple with a characteristic greenish eye in the middle, collected in a lush bouquet.

Primula obconica is so popular in Germany that it is called the German Spring Rose. Its flowering is very long and often repeated. One of the most popular varieties "Twilly Touch Me".

One-two-year soft-leaved or mallow primrose (Primula malacoides)... This species is perhaps the most interesting and the most beautiful, due to the incredibly large number of spectacular fragrant flowers collected in a whorled inflorescence.

Numerous flowers open gradually, decorating the plant for 3 or more months. Some of the many varieties: Mars, Snow Queen, Beauty Mix with double flowers, White Pearl, pink Fair Lady.

How to care for room primrose after purchase

Temperature

Primroses appear in March, early April, when the air is still cool and the soil is saturated with moisture, so temperature and humidity are key factors in growing room primroses.

Optimal temperature regime, which prolongs flowering for a long time, is 10-16 ̊С, and in winter during the dormant period it can be lowered to 7-10 С. In a warm room, leaves and flowers wither quickly.

Cool conditions can be created by placing the pot on an insulated balcony. A plate of crushed ice placed near the plant lowers the temperature well. Primrose loves fresh air, so it is advisable to take the pot out to the balcony or terrace in mid-April.

Watering

Primrose needs high humidity of air and soil during budding and flowering. Watering is carried out, as a rule, 2 times a week, when the topsoil dries up by 1 cm. The soil should be moderately moist all the time, but not wet. The bush reacts to the lack and excess of moisture with drooping foliage.

When watering, avoid getting moisture into the center of the leaf outlet, as this can lead to the development of rot, and pour excess water from the pan. For the procedure, use cool, but soft water. The ideal option would be rain. In winter, during the dormant period, watering is reduced.

You can increase the humidity of the air using a container filled with water with expanded clay and moss or by spraying water near the flower.

Lighting

The best place for a primrose at home is bright, diffused light. Direct rays cause burns and wilting of foliage and shorten the flowering period. The best accommodation option would be east or west windows.

Caring for room primrose after purchase also consists in the timely removal of wilted flowers, otherwise a fungal infection may develop.

Top dressing

They are fed with a liquid complex fertilizer for flowering indoor plants during the flowering and budding period once every two weeks, using half the dose recommended on the package.

How is transplanted

Perennial primroses are transplanted once a year in September. Choose a pot that is wide and shallow, as the roots of the plant are short.

A drainage layer of expanded clay is laid on the bottom, and the soil is prepared from garden soil for indoor plants with the addition of 2 parts of peat and one part of sand. When transplanting, carefully remove the plant from the pot to avoid damaging the root system.

Reproduction

There are 3 ways to breed primrose. The first is by separating the lateral shoots from the leaf rosette in early spring. They are placed in separate pots and covered with a jar. The soil must be moist at all times. After rooting, the jar is removed.

The second method is by grafting long rhizomes with growth points that are located very close to the soil surface.

And the third is growing primrose from seeds. For sowing, take a shallow container with a drainage layer filled with a peat-sand mixture. The soil is well watered and seeds are distributed on the surface, sprinkle them with boiled water at room temperature and cover with foil.

For germination, primrose seeds need low temperatures (2-3 ° C), so the container is placed in the refrigerator.

Air the seeds weekly by lifting the foil for a few minutes. Only after the sprouts appear, the container can be removed from the refrigerator and placed in a warm place with bright diffused light.

Remove the cover for airing for 10-15 minutes every day, after a week increase the time and then remove the film completely. When the first two or three leaves appear, the seedlings are dived into separate pots. After transplanting, young seedlings are fed with complex fertilizer. Flowering can be expected in 2-3 months.

An interesting point - the seeds are so small that they can be germinated in wet cotton wool, a sponge and even on a wet cotton pad.

Diseases and pests

When watering with cold water or waterlogging the soil, the leaves of the plant are affected by gray rot. Stopping watering and dusting sore spots with ash or charcoal effectively helps with this lesion. In order to prevent fungal diseases, watering with a fungicide solution should be carried out.

With low light or high temperature of the content, the flowering period is shortened, and the number of leaves increases significantly. Falling buds indicate low watering. Clarification of the leaves indicates the hardness of the water.

Primrose is mainly affected by mushroom mosquitoes, aphids and spider mites. Sometimes, one treatment with a special insecticide is enough to get rid of these pests. When placing the pots outside or in the garden, snails and slugs can be damaged.

Apr 07 2017

Indoor primrose - growing and care at home

Before March 8, all flower shops were filled with small pots of the first spring flowers - primroses. Hardly anyone could resist her smart, catchy, but at the same time delicate beauty and did not buy her friends at least one pot of primrose for the holiday. Amateurs - flower growers are happy to grow it not only in gardens and greenhouses, but also at home. With the help of our article, primrose care will become much easier.

Primula (Primula) belongs to the Primroses family. This family unites about 500 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants and several species of evergreen shrubs and dwarf shrubs. In nature, primrose is found everywhere in places with a temperate climate and moist soil - along the banks of rivers and mountain streams in Europe, Asia, China and North America. There are two types of indoor primrose: the annual primrose Primula malacoides and the perennial primrose Primula obconica - reverse conical or reverse lanceolate. Numerous varieties of these primrose species can be found on the windowsills of many apartments. Florists select varieties of perennial primroses in such a way that they delight with their flowering throughout the year. Still, more primrose varieties bloom in early spring and in the first winter months.

Structure

Primula (primrose) is a rather small plant, no higher than 25 - 30 cm in height. It has fibrous superficial roots that grow very quickly. The stem of the indoor primrose is very short. Primrose leaves are heart-shaped or elongated and have a fleecy, noticeably wrinkled surface. They grow on long stalks, forming a beautiful rosette in the pot. The primrose flowers resemble little gramophone. They have 5 petals, ending at the ends with three lobes. Flower tube pharynx usually yellow color, but the petals are bright pink, lilac, red, dark blue and white. There are monochromatic flowers, two-colored, with contrasting stripes along the edges of the petals. There are usually a lot of buds and flowers. They are collected in umbellate, whorled, racemose or capitate inflorescences, as if forming a bouquet in the middle of the rosette.

Beneficial features

Primrose has long been famous for its medicinal properties. All parts of the plant are curative. They contain a large amount of vitamins, ascorbic acid, carotene. Primrose roots contain essential oils, glycosides. Salads can be made from primrose leaves in early spring - it is believed that one leaf of wild primrose contains a daily intake of vitamin C. In bronchitis, laryngitis and other diseases of the upper respiratory tract, decoctions of primrose leaves are used as an expectorant. In addition, this broth has a calming and hypnotic effect.

But it is important to know that people with allergies need to be careful with these flowers, as some types of primrose are strong allergens.

The main types and varieties of indoor primroses

Indoor primrose differs from garden growing conditions and care features. Sadovaya - more resistant to cold. There are hybrid varieties of primroses that behave well both in the garden and on the windowsills of flower growers.

We will introduce you to the main types of primroses and their varieties that are successfully grown at home.

Primula Soft

One of the popular types of indoor primroses is soft primrose. She is originally from China. In the wild, it grows up to 30 cm in height. The leaves are elongated, oval in shape, attached to a long handle and all come out of one root rosette. Its inflorescences consist of 15-20 flowers, the leaves are light green in color. Mild primrose blooms in spring. Duration of flowering reaches three or more months. Under natural conditions, the flowers of this primrose are purple in color. But breeders have bred varieties with white, pink and red petals.

Popular varieties of soft primrose:

Mars
White pearls

The Snow Queen Enchantment

Juliet mixed

• Primrose varieties Mars has purple inflorescences;
• Variety White pearls has white flowers with pearl tints;
• The Snow Queen blooms with white flowers;
• Plant varieties Juliet mixed has double flowers of double color: pastel and lilac-pink;
• Enchantment blooms in bright blue flowers.

Reverse conical primrose (obkonika)

Reverse conical primrose (obkonika) is the most popular type of indoor primroses. She belongs to the family of Chinese primroses. The size of the obkonika is smaller than that of a soft primrose, it grows no higher than 20 cm. It is a perennial with oblong leaves cut along the edges on long petioles. This primrose blooms in spring and early winter, but under comfortable growing conditions it can bloom almost all year round. Flowers are located on short peduncles, which makes the flower look very impressive - a bright cap of the inflorescence is worn on emerald leaves. Under natural conditions, obconica has lavender flowers. Today there is a wide variety of new varieties of inverted-conical primrose with different petal colors. Some varieties of this primrose cause allergies.

The group of varieties called "TwillyTouch Me" is distinguished by a variety of flower colors. They are lilac, pink, purple, lavender, and there are also flowers with double colors.

Stemless

Primula stemless, or ordinary, is hybrid. It can be grown with equal success both indoors and in the garden. In nature, it can be found in Asia, and in Africa, and in European countries. It is a perennial herb of small size - its maximum is 20 cm. Its leaves on long petioles have an elliptical elongated shape and a bright green color. The flowering period of this species of primrose is from April to July. Single flowers are attached to tall but thin peduncles.

Popular varieties of stemless primrose for home cultivation:

Sphinx Apricot
Sphinx F1 neon Rose

Eclipse violet with rim
Auricula argus

• Sphinx Apricot has an interesting color of flowers. It is reddish with a transition to bright orange;

• Sphinx F1 neon Rose blooms with bright pink-crimson flowers;

• Eclipse violet with rim has amazing lilac flowers with a golden border;

• Garden primrose Auricula argus usually grown indoors for distillation at the end of winter. They are the ones who decorate our apartments with their colorful bloom during the March holidays. After the primrose has faded, it is planted again in the garden, where it can grow and bloom for more than one year.

Primrose care at home

Primrose refers to unpretentious flowers, any beginner in the flower business can grow it. We will introduce you to some of the features of its cultivation at home.

Temperature and location of primrose in the apartment

For comfortable keeping primrose in room conditions, a low air temperature is needed. Maximum 18 - 20 gr. During flowering, the temperature should be even lower, 12-15 grams. Typical room temperatures are much higher. Therefore, from early spring to mid-autumn, when the outside temperature allows, we recommend taking this plant out into the open air of a loggia, balcony or veranda. After flowering, you can even transplant primrose into the ground in your garden plot, somewhere under the crown of trees. In the winter months, it is better to keep the primrose at home on the windowsill, away from the radiator and closer to the cold glass. To do this, it is better to choose window sills of northern, eastern or western directions.

In temperate climates, primroses are not afraid of wintering in the garden, they winter calmly without much shelter. So, if you have a hybrid variety, you decide whether to bring the primrose into the room or leave it to winter outside.

Lighting

Primrose refers to light-loving plants. Its place should be located on a well-lit windowsill. Primrose should be protected only from direct sunlight - burns can destroy the delicate foliage of the plant. Diffuse lighting will be just right. In the winter months, if you have not sent the primrose to the basement to sleep, you will have to use additional lighting (phyto lamp or fluorescent lamp).

Air humidity

Primrose does not like too dry air. In moderate to high humidity, it feels great. If you notice that the tips of its leaves have begun to dry, then the air in the room is too dry. Start spraying the plant with warm, standing water. Try to moisturize only the leaves and stems of primrose, do not get water on its flowers. Place containers with primroses in trays with wet expanded clay - this will also raise the humidity in the room and will maintain the necessary soil moisture in the flower pot.

Watering

Proper watering is very important for the health and blooming appearance of primrose. Water the plant moderately and regularly. During flowering, the soil should be slightly moist all the time. We recommend maintaining constant humidity using pallets filled with wet expanded clay, moss or sand. Primrose pots will feel good on them. Remember to only add water to the pan if necessary.

After flowering, water the plant only when the topsoil in the pot dries up. Do not pour water on the leaves. Use only settled water at room temperature. During the dormant period, primrose should be watered less often and less abundantly so that the soil does not sour and the root system does not rot.

With a lack of watering, another problem may happen - the soil with the root system will dry out, and the stem may die.

The soil

The soil for growing primrose should contain peat, sand, leafy and soddy earth in equal proportions. Acidic soil is not suitable at all. If you will use purchased soil for primrose - pay attention to this. A geranium potting mix is \u200b\u200bgood.

Fertilizers and feeding

The plant does not tolerate excess salts in the soil. Therefore, it should be fertilized very carefully with fertilizers for decorative flowering indoor plants. The doses indicated on the packages should be halved. Fertilizers are applied from February until the end of flowering. Enough once every two weeks. During the conditional rest, the plant is not fed.

Transplant primrose and pot

We recommend replanting perennial primroses no more than once a year. Either in the fall or early spring. Primrose is not transplanted during flowering! The pot must be prepared a little larger than the previous one. It should be wide, but not deep, as the primrose root system is shallow. Put a 2 cm layer of drainage on the bottom (expanded clay or pebbles), add some fresh soil. Remove your primrose from the old pot along with the root system and gently transfer to the new pot. Fill the empty space in the container with the potting mix, shaking it occasionally to fill any voids inside the pot. Water and replace.

Breeding primrose

At home, primrose is propagated in several ways. Consider reproduction by dividing the bush, seeds and cuttings.

Dividing the primrose bush

The simplest and better way is to reproduce primrose by dividing the bush. We recommend using a three or, better, four summer plant for this. Keep in mind that you can divide the bush only after the end of its flowering period, somewhere, after a week or two. Remove the flower from the pot, shake off the soil from the roots and carefully divide the plant into separate parts with its own growth bud. Sprinkle the cuts with ash or crushed coal. Plant the parts of the primrose immediately at some distance from each other in a low container, cover with glass or film and grow for some time in a bright place. Water liberally. After a couple of weeks, transplant the bushes into separate pots and take care of them as if they were adult plants.

Seed propagation

If you choose this method of seed propagation of primrose, keep in mind that it is more troublesome and time-consuming. The seeds can be planted both in summer and in November-December. We recommend planting them in summer. Use any container for sowing - wide, shallow pots or containers. Fill them with loose substrate, moisten it. Spread the seeds evenly over the surface, lightly sprinkle them with earth. Cover the landings with a film or a lid. Put the greenhouse in a cool place from 16 to 20 grams. If necessary, moisten the soil, ventilate the seedlings.

The sprouts will appear in 15 - 20 days. After a couple of months, divide the dense seedlings and transplant them into separate pots. They need diffused light, moderate watering, and protection from sunlight and drafts. Primrose loves low temperatures, up to 15 grams. In autumn, the pots should be placed in cool but bright rooms. With proper care, young primroses may well bloom by the New Year.

Propagation by cuttings

If your primrose has only one rosette of leaves or a weak root system, and there is no way to divide the bush into parts, you will have to master the method of propagation of primrose by cuttings.

From the mother bush at the base of the root collar, use a sharp knife to separate the primrose leaf with a petiole and a growth bud. Cut off the top half of the sheet. Plant the cutting in a peat container. Pour some river sand on top. Moisten the substrate. Close the container lid. Place in a bright, warm place (16 - 18 g) for rooting. Moisten the soil and ventilate the greenhouse regularly. Please be patient - rooting lasts 3 - 4 months. When roots and small leaves appear, the seedling can be transplanted into a permanent small pot with normal primrose soil. Your primrose will bloom not earlier than in 6 - 7 months.

Forcing primroses

Two-year-old garden primroses are best suited for forcing. In autumn, with the onset of the first frost, dig up the flower together with a clod of earth and place it in a free flower pot. Bring it into a cold room for wintering (in a basement or cellar). The temperature of its content should be from 3 to 5 grams. No watering required. At higher temperatures and watering, primrose will begin to grow and flower buds will be inhibited. In such a gloomy place, she will have to stay until February.

In February, bring primrose into the house, peel off old and damaged leaves and stem parts. Transplant into a new pot if necessary. Place the primrose rosette at ground level. Place the pots in a well-lit but cool place. The temperature should not be higher than 10 grams. heat. At higher temperatures, primrose will begin to build up the green mass of the leaves to the detriment of flowering. Water regularly and in moderation.

After the buds appear, feed the plant. Very soon, usually by March 8, the primrose will begin to bloom and delight others with its bright multi-colored bouquets. To make the flowering more spectacular and long-lasting, remove yellow lower leaves and faded flowers from the bushes in time. After flowering, primrose can be planted again in the garden.

Keep in mind that forcing one plant is used no more than once every three years.

Diseases and pests

The most common disease in primroses is caused by the fungus Ramularia cercosporella. The disease affects the flower in late spring. Round, pale spots appear on the leaves. Then the spots turn gray, become brown with yellow stains. In summer, the leaves are covered with a white-gray bloom, dry up. The primrose stops growing, blooming, and may die. The leaves affected by the disease must be destroyed. Treat the plant with fungicides, for example, foundation, topsin or oxychom.

With constant waterlogging of the soil, primrose can get sick with root rot. Powdery mildew, rust, anthracnose - these diseases can also affect your primrose if not properly cared for. Remove the affected parts of the plant, treat the plant with fungicides. If the disease is started, the flower will have to be destroyed.

We introduced you to the wonderful spring primroses - primroses. These unpretentious plants can decorate any corner of your home and garden. They easily take root, bloom for a long time, multiply easily. Try to breed these wonderful flowers yourself - they will not give you any trouble when growing at home.

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