Articles about mechanized wall plastering. The machine for plaster as a way to save time and effort. How much does mechanized wall plastering cost - an overview of prices per m²

The work of a builder has never been easy, and finishing work has always been among the most labor-intensive. But mechanization has also reached this sector of construction, thanks to the fact that a plastering machine has appeared - there is no longer a need to perform a number of rather difficult operations with your own hands. Plus, a plastering machine can replace a whole team of finishers, which is very beneficial from an economic point of view.

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How good is she

Naturally, this is not an autonomous robot and the presence of a person is a prerequisite.

But, nevertheless, this unit took over the most difficult and routine processes.

1. As you know, the preparation of the solution is a physically difficult process, while the unit prepares everything by itself.
2. An important plus is that the machine accurately doses the amount of water and dry mix, as a result we get a high-quality mortar in a constant mode. The human factor is completely excluded, which is quite important in such work.
3. Due to mechanical mixing and fast supply of the composition, the solution is saturated with air. The volume increases and this provides significant savings compared to manually.
4. Saves a lot of time and labor resources, the wall plastering machine replaces a small team of workers and does the same job, but much faster.
5. Since the solution is applied to the walls quickly and evenly, it dries less.

As a result, the quality of the finish is greatly improved.

• In addition, the wall plastering machine is available to operate. The instruction manual is elementary simple, absolutely anyone can learn how to maintain it. You don't need to be a professional decorator to do this.
• The unit itself has relatively small dimensions, plus comfortable handles and wheels for transportation. As a result, a couple of adult men can deliver it with their own hands to any floor and to any point in the construction site.
• Most units are assembled from separate modules. This makes it possible to quickly assemble and disassemble the machine, which is very convenient for storage or transportation over long distances.
• In serial units, all the main processes are regulated, thanks to which the plastering machine can be used not only on large objects, but also on small ones by small teams of contractors.

Highlights of the machine

How it works

• The unit requires an electrical network and desirable water supply. If there is no source of water supply at the construction site, it does not matter either, serial units are equipped with a pump that will supply water from any available container.
• Any machine has a hopper for loading a dry mix, ready-made, factory mixes for plastering are loaded into it.
• From the bunker, the finished mixture is fed into a special chamber for mixing with water by auger. The mixing process takes place continuously and the finished mixture is immediately injected into the distribution system.

Important: in the event of a machine shutdown, there will be a minimum of excess prepared solution - only what remains in the chamber and hose. All of them are easily produced when plastering problem areas.

• At the end of the mortar hose, a device is attached, usually in the form of a gun, with which the mixture is evenly applied to the wall. The plaster gun, in turn, has several application modes, which are set depending on the type of surface and the consistency of the mortar.
• Units can be based on diaphragm, screw or piston pumps. There are 2 main types of devices AShS is a more autonomous system (stands for a plaster mixing unit). The design is equipped with a cyclic block for continuous mixing of the solution.
• A more simplified system is the ASh system, which stands for plastering unit. It requires a ready-made solution of the appropriate quality. This device is an earlier analogue of the AShS and is cost-effective only for large construction sites.

Application technology

• Initially, before applying the composition, the surface should be carefully prepared. The preparation process is carried out in the same way as with the manual application method. You should start by inspecting the surface and removing the old layer of plaster. There should be no paint stains or oil stains on the wall. The base must be dry, strong and clean. If fungus or mold is found, they must be removed.
• Further, in accordance with the type of solution, the surface must be primed. The primer is applied with a conventional roller or brush. Before applying to the wall, beacons and corner profiles are installed. You can attach them to the mortar or mounting adhesive.
• Now the wall plastering machine comes into play. Each unit has its own instructions, in accordance with which it must be operated. After assembly and connection, check all hoses for kinks.

• After that, the operator becomes at an angle to the surface to be treated and begins work. The gun is held in the dominant hand, the second hand fixes the hose, it should not be stretched and stressed in the docking station.
• Initially, deep depressions and cracks are filled, then the composition is evenly applied to the surface. Plastering is carried out from the left, upper corner of the room and gradually moves down and to the right.
• When working with a ceiling covering, you need to start from the corner furthest from the window. The composition is laid in even strips about 70 cm long. The laying step is selected depending on the thickness of the application.

Important: when applying a thick plaster layer, as well as with a manual method, the plaster must be laid in layers. The interval between applying layers should be at least half an hour.

The video in this article shows the principle of machine plastering.

• The plastering machine is not the only marvel of technology that currently makes the work of builders easier. With large volumes and on large, flat areas, a trowel for plaster has proven itself well.
• It is installed on beacons and fixed. After that, the machine lays the solution in an even layer. The surface after such laying does not require additional leveling and grouting. But this unit can only work on a ready-made mixture.
• The solution can be prepared independently or both devices can be used in combination, which automates the plastering process by at least 70%.

The video in this article shows how a trowel for plaster works.

Important: at present, all units on the construction market operate on ready-made mortar or dry plaster mixes, combining them with water.

Machine made by hand

• Serial models of plastering units are of course powerful, practical and high-quality. But the main disadvantage here is the price. They are quite expensive. Naturally, to perform a one-time job, a person will not buy a device that costs more than the whole job together with the material. And renting is not always possible.
• But even here there is a way out, our land has not yet become impoverished with talents. Next, for your judgment will be presented homemade car for applying plaster. Of course, in terms of power and performance, it is inferior to serial models, but its cost is acceptable, plus it is quite easy to work with it quickly.
• As a basis, we will take a conventional fire extinguisher with a capacity of 4 liters, it has most of the parts we need, these are a handle, a solution bottle and an outlet valve opening lever. A larger fire extinguisher will be too bulky, and a smaller container will need to be refilled frequently.
• First you need to cut off the bottom of the fire extinguisher. A homemade machine will work on the principle of a spray gun, so the fire extinguisher tank will serve as a solution hopper and be in an upside down position.
• A hole is drilled opposite the outlet valve and a metal tube is inserted into it, at the end of which a nozzle with a diameter of 4–5 mm is mounted. It will supply air from the compressor.
• The power of the device depends not only on the diameter of the outlet and air pressure, but also the size of the gap between the nozzle and the outlet nozzle plays an important role. The closer the nozzle is to the outlet nozzle, the stronger the mixture will be ejected.

Tip: for plastering under a fur coat, 15 - 20 mm from the nozzle to the nozzle is enough; for finely dispersed mixtures, the nozzle should be located closer and the compressor pressure should be higher.

• You can, of course, sweat, cut a thread of the appropriate diameter on a metal duct tube and fix the tube to the nuts through the seals. In this case, the gap will be adjustable or just scald the connection.
• But the easiest way out is to fix and at the same time seal the tube with resin.
• To do this, the fire extinguisher hopper, with a tube inserted into it, is installed so that the angle between the axis of the outlet and the horizon is 45º. Liquid resin is poured in such a way that its level does not reach the nozzle a little, after which the fire extinguisher is left alone until the resin hardens.

• The option with pouring resin is also good because during operation, the solution flows down an inclined surface directly to the nozzle.
• Next, you need to get a compressor that creates pressure from 2 atmospheres, connect the connecting hoses, fill in the solution and you can work.

The video in this article shows how a homemade wall plastering machine works.

Conclusion

The automatic plastering machine is good for professionals. If you are the owner of a construction company or just make a living doing finishing work, then a wall plastering machine will increase your income by several times. If you are lining your house yourself, then it is easier to rent a compressor and make a plastering unit from a fire extinguisher with your own hands.

The use of a mechanized surface plastering method allows you to get a perfectly even base for further finishing in just one day. At the same time, the quality of wall plastering is much higher than when using a mechanized method. Let's talk about how to plaster walls by machine.

Machine plaster by hand: features of a machine for making plaster

In the process of manufacturing machine plaster use a special device. Its main function is to knead the solution and ensure its high-quality mixing. As a result, it is possible to obtain a composition ideal in consistency for plastering.

The manual part of the work involves only filling the inside of the device with the necessary components in the right amount. In the mixing part of the mechanism, the composition is kneaded, and the plaster is fed from the storage hopper to the surface. With the help of a special nozzle, the composition is evenly sprayed on the wall.

This device has a rather complex structure, so it is quite difficult to make an apparatus for machine plastering with your own hands.

The person performing the plastering should only direct the hose away from the device, ensuring an even coverage of the wall in relation to the beacons. Excessive application of the solution reduces the strength of the plaster, and insufficient - leads to the appearance of gaps on the walls. Optimal value The thickness of the spray is from 10 to 35 cm.

As part of the device for plastering, there is always a reservoir, into which water with cement enters. Thanks to a certain program, the device independently controls the proportions of the ingredients. Inside a special tank, the ingredients are combined with each other.

Special nozzles significantly speed up the speed of plastering. Leveling the composition on the wall is done with large spatulas. The speed of mechanical plastering is 5 times higher than manual plastering. In addition, two people are enough to complete the work. One of them applies the composition to the wall, and the second levels it.

Begin work by measuring the curvature of the wall. For these purposes, use the level. At the outer corners it is necessary to install guides made of aluminum. Further, the work is automated and involves the application of the composition to the surface.

Initially, the device is connected to water and electricity. Further, the dry composition is poured into the inside of the bunker. Some machines for making plaster are equipped with a special pump that pumps water if there is no centralized water supply on the site.

With the help of a feeding auger, the plaster composition is delivered to a special chamber in which it is combined with water. The machine, throughout the entire working process, continuously mixes the finished composition. Therefore, the quality of the solution has very high technological characteristics, the composition has good adhesion to the base.

Next, the solution is transported through a hose to the surface. A spatula, trowel, rule helps to level the mortar on the wall. The type of tool used is determined by the nature and location of the work. After leveling the surface, the solution is left to dry. To control the evenness of applying plaster by machine, a level is used. In order to eliminate minor scratches, the wall is polished with a special sponge.

Comparing the manual and mechanized method of performing wall plastering, the former has the following advantages:

1. The solution is mixed and brought to the desired consistency by an automated method. At the same time, the physical costs of plastering are reduced.
2. The consistency of the solution is the same at all stages of work. Since the machine constantly mixes it. Therefore, the surface is not covered with cracks or irregularities.
3. The mechanized plastering method reduces the amount of mortar to be applied to the wall.
4. The execution time is several times less than when using the manual method.
5. High quality plastered surface, smooth texture, no defects.

Mix for mechanized plaster - preparation features

There are two options for compositions for mechanized machine plastering: liquid and dry. With their help, it is possible to process surfaces of various compositions, which are based on drywall, concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, aerated concrete. The temperature range of application of the solution is limited to 5-30 degrees Celsius.

Initially, the surface should be treated with a primer that improves the adhesion between the wall and the plaster. After it dries, further work is carried out. The corner profile is fixed on a particularly durable plaster mortar. Facade plastering involves the use of special mixtures on a cement-sand basis. Water is used to breed it. Special additives in the composition of such plaster are ways to regulate the level of its plasticity and hardening time. The same compositions are used for finishing pools and rooms and a high level of humidity.

For internal plastering, gypsum-based compositions are suitable. They are able to set quickly, however, they are not suitable for rooms with a high level of humidity. The material passes air well, so it allows the walls to breathe. As a result, it is possible to obtain a perfectly even coating for further finishing.

When working with cement-sand compositions, it is necessary to wait for them to dry completely in order for them to gain strength. The composition that is applied by machine is more liquid than the one that is applied by hand. Since it should be sprayed on the surface.

Plastering walls in a mechanized way - the technology of carrying out

The relevance of using a mechanized method of applying plaster is primarily justified in large areas. The process of plastering them lasts one or two days, despite the fact that by hand, even a week would not be enough to complete it.

To perform mechanized application of plaster, it is necessary to have a plastering station and a gun, which has a compressor that supplies the composition under pressure. As a result, it is possible to obtain perfectly smooth walls, the plaster on which is durable and has a long service life.

The plaster station is an independent system inside which the mortar is prepared. Then he gets to the gun and is fed to the wall. The dry composition is poured into a bunker tank, which is filled with water. It is necessary to hold the gun firmly, as the solution enters under high pressure. The gun must be at right angles to the surface to be plastered.

Another option for mechanized machine plastering is the use of a cartouche gun. This device does not prepare the solution on its own, but involves pouring the already prepared mixture into the upper part of the device. Next, the compressor is turned on, which sprays the solution over the surface. The gun is constantly held in the hands and creates a high mechanical load on the person working with it. It is less convenient than a plastering station.

Another option for applying plaster in a mechanized way is the use of a pneumoshovel. Throwing the composition on the wall is carried out thanks to a special steel container that scoops up the composition.

There are shovels for walls or for ceilings, in addition, they differ in relation to the shape, size and location of the buckets. The productivity of work with such a device is an order of magnitude lower than with a special station.

In any case, before applying mechanized plaster, it is necessary to prepare the surface. The walls or ceiling are cleaned of dust and dirt, beacons are installed. Next, the primer composition is applied, and then the corner guides are installed. Since they are made of metal, they must be treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

After that, the plastering of the surface begins. Dry mixes are placed in the hopper of the machine, the amount of water, most models of devices for mechanized plastering, are determined independently by using pumping station. The plaster is applied in a direction perpendicular to the walls. If there is a surplus, they are sent to the part of the wall that has not yet been filled with plaster or to hard-to-reach places.

Plaster grouting is carried out after 3-4 hours from the moment it is applied to the wall. With its help, it is possible to get rid of significant defects on the walls and give them smoothness. Next, you need to wait for the complete drying of the composition, which is carried out for three days. After that, proceed to the finishing plastering of the surface. If there is high humidity in the room, the drying time of the composition increases to seven days.

The hose from the machine must be led along the line, the next line should overlap the previous one halfway. Thus, it is possible to achieve a uniform distribution of the composition on the wall and increase the smoothness of the coating. Lighthouses should be under plaster.

If beacons were used, made of metal, then they are removed immediately after the work is completed. Thus, the walls will not be covered with corrosion. To plaster the grooves under the beacons, use a hand tool.

The final stage is grinding the surface with a rubber float. The surface is moistened with water and rubbed. Thus, the use of a device for machine plaster greatly simplifies the process of preparing the mortar and applying it to the surface.

The technology of applying plaster in a mechanized way

The process of applying plaster on the walls in a mechanized way consists of the following steps:

1. Transportation of equipment to the construction site. Installing and configuring the station.
2. Work on work areas: removal old finish, performing grouting and priming walls.
3. Checking the walls for evenness using a level. Marking places for applying plaster.
4. Leveling the mortar on the wall, if necessary, re-applying and leveling the plaster.
5. Finishing with a rule. Performing wall plastering.

In the process of performing a mechanized plaster screed in the room, the air temperature for the work should be at least +12 degrees. At the same time, the humidity level should not exceed 60%.

In addition, the room must have glazed window openings, a heating system, and a leveled screed. Internal and external plastered surfaces must be protected from exposure to excessive moisture.

Mechanical facade plastering

The process of mechanized facade plastering is quite complicated, and it is almost impossible to cope with it without work experience. Therefore, if you have not previously performed mechanized plastering of walls, then it is better to entrust this issue to professionals.

The initial stage of work involves a visual inspection of the work site. Determining the curvature of the walls, taking measurements on the walls and setting corners. Next, the amount of material used in the work is determined and its purchase is made.

At the next stage, scaffolding is installed, cracks are cleaned and expanded, if any. The surface is cleaned of dirt and dust, the facade is washed and dried. To protect the facade from moisture, fungus and mold, as well as to ensure tight adhesion of the plaster to the wall, a primer is applied to the surface in two layers. Further, if necessary, a reinforcing mesh is mounted and beacons with corners are installed.

The windows also need to install corners. Plastering is done from the bottom to the top. With subsequent alignment of the newly applied solution. After setting the solution, it is necessary to get rid of the beacons.

Automatic wall plastering is the process of applying a leveling or decorative layer of material using special equipment. Plastering machines themselves prepare the solution and spray it on the surfaces to be treated, and the worker only controls this process. Finishing work, which is carried out using a plastering station, is suitable for almost any construction or renovation project. This can be a light cosmetic repair in a small apartment, major work on leveling internal or external surfaces, and so on.

If we talk about the positive aspects of this method of conducting finishing works, the following stand out:

1. High performance. Usually, it takes 7 times less time to process a certain area than with manual plastering.
2. Profitability. The automated process requires no more than two employees, so you don't have to pay to hire an entire team of specialists. Significant material savings are also observed.
3. Coating quality. Mixtures that are made in a plastering machine are homogeneous, so they can be used to create a strong and durable coating. Also, subject to the technology of applying the material, there is no need for further actions: applying putty, grease, and so on.

Plastering machine increases productivity several times

Mixes for automated application

The compositions that are used for application by this method are distinguished by a relatively short drying and curing time, high adhesion rates, good sound and heat insulation performance, as well as an excellent level of vapor permeability. The automated application method improves these characteristics and creates a comfortable indoor climate.

For external work on leveling the facades of buildings, a conventional cement-sand mixture is used. For decoration internal surfaces in dry rooms (bedrooms, living rooms, children's rooms), gypsum plasters are most often used. As for bathrooms and kitchens, mixtures with polymer additives or based on acrylic resins are recommended here. Most ready-mixes, which are supplied pre-diluted with water, can be used for both manual and machine methods. Modern materials also contain substances that significantly increase the viscosity and plasticity of ready-made solutions.

For the machine method, you can use the usual solutions of cement-sand and gypsum plaster

Main types of devices

To carry out automatic plastering, you will need a wall plastering machine. If we are talking about a large object with a significant area, then it makes sense to purchase this equipment. For short-term or one-time use, such a purchase is unprofitable, so it is better to rent equipment.

Pneumatic shovel for mechanical way

Such a device for applying plaster can be equipped with nozzles of different diameters, depending on the type of mortar used. The machine itself is a metal container for a dilute solution. It is equipped with 4 air nozzles and the same number of material devices. Direct feed to the surface is carried out through a special tube, which is covered with elastomer or other non-slip material to make it easier to hold the tool with your hands. Also, the tube is equipped with a valve that regulates the air supply under pressure.

Wall and ceiling pneumatic shovel for plaster

Working with such a device is quite simple: you just need to point the tube at the surface to be treated and move it from side to side while pressing the solution supply button. The average productivity is 60 square meters per hour. Used for walls and ceilings different models this equipment. They differ in the location of the container relative to the supply tube.

Air gun

This type of wall plastering machine is a short nozzle barrel, on which there is a threaded connection for installing nozzles. Various nozzles provide the degree of spraying of the working material necessary for the work. At the top of the device is a metal or plastic container. Its volume may vary, but in most models it is 5 liters. Modern models of such a device are equipped with a trigger that controls the supply of plaster to the surface to be treated. The gun looks like an airbrush. At the bottom of it there is a hole into which the compressed air supply hose is inserted.

Plaster pneumatic gun allows you to spray mortar with different intensities

Such equipment comes with a set of nozzles that allows you to work with solutions of various consistencies. The main advantage of this unit is the ability to adjust the degree of spraying and the intensity of the supply of the working substance. This feature makes it possible not only to rough the walls, but also to apply a finishing decorative layer.

Plastering machines

The modern construction market offers a huge number of different models of small machines and overall machines that are used for mixing and applying plasters. They differ in size, performance, equipment and, accordingly, cost. The market leaders are devices manufactured in German factories. The main feature of this technique is the possibility of not only plastering, but also staining.

As for the machines of domestic production, they are easy to recognize by their considerable size. With their help, you can apply starting leveling layers of plaster and carry out puttying. The plastering machine can be used for processing walls, ceilings and arranging self-leveling self-leveling floors.

The device for plastering the middle class in most cases is compact in size. One person is usually sufficient to operate it. This equipment is equipped with a pump, which is the main working body. With its help mixing, giving and spraying of material on a working surface is carried out. This type of plastering machine is designed for materials with a grain size of not more than 2 mm.

Some units are equipped with separate tanks for water and dry composition, as well as for mixing. The process of making the solution is fully automated, and is carried out according to a predetermined program. This ensures the high quality of the resulting solution, its compliance with the required proportions and the absence of lumps and air bubbles.

Modern plastering machines are compact in size

Diversity in the market

The modern construction market is literally filled with equipment of this type. But there are several brands and models that, according to numerous customer reviews, best cope with the tasks assigned to them.

The models of the German manufacturer Knauf are considered the best. The advantages are high speed, compact size, relatively low power consumption, and versatility. The disadvantage is the high cost.

Russian equipment Afalina ShM-30 can be used for both plastering and puttying. Equipped with a container for diluting dry solutions with water. Great for arranging bulk floor coverings and roughing of walls.

Bottlenose dolphin ShM-30 - Russian-made plastering machine

The PFT Ritmo M automatic plastering machine is the most compact version of the plastering equipment. Analogues of the device - PFT G4 and PFT G5 SUPER. The equipment is used for plastering surfaces, applying paints and arranging self-leveling floors.

The manual machine UShM-150 is a universal equipment used for the preparation and application of various kinds of mixtures. With this unit, you can carry out work on leveling and painting various surfaces. This model is absolutely safe and reliable equipment, which even a beginner can work with, thanks to a simple control system.

Homemade installation for applying plaster and other mixtures

If you want to save even more money, as well as at hand workplace with set necessary tools And Supplies, then you can make a plastering machine with your own hands. It is recommended to use an old discharged fire extinguisher as a blank. This blank is best suited, since the fire extinguisher is equipped by default with the components necessary for a plastering machine: starting handle, nozzle and holding handle.

The first step is to cut off the bottom, while removing a small part to save more volume. After that, you need to turn the cylinder upside down and fix it in a vise. In the wall, which is located opposite the trigger, you need to make a hole into which the air supply tube will then be inserted.

The power of the device is affected not only by the compressor performance, but also by the diameter of the outlet nozzle, as well as the distance from it to the compressor valve. To increase the power of the machine, it is necessary to push the compressed air supply tube as far as possible. Ideally, it should be located approximately 2 cm from the outlet. The smaller this distance, the more the working material will be sprayed.

To avoid using welding machine, you can apply one trick. To do this, place the balloon at an angle of 45 degrees and fill the tie-in area with hot resin. After curing, the resin forms an inclined surface that will provide a smooth transition. The main thing is not to clog the outlet.

For the quality work of a homemade plastering machine, you need a good compressor

At this stage, the main work can be considered completed. It remains only to purchase a compressor that will pump air. It is connected to an embedded air supply tube. A pressure of 2-3 atmospheres will create a surface "under a fur coat". If you increase the pressure, the material will fit more densely.

Working with plastering machines

The first step is to mix the solution. It is important to remember that the consistency of ready-made mixtures for manual work is not suitable for automatic application, so it is better to consult with the seller before buying.

If a dry mixture was purchased, then it is better to dilute it not with plain water, but with milk of lime - so the surface will be stronger. The most commonly used cement-sand composition. To make it, you need to take 1 part of cement and 3-4 parts of yellow river sand. It is necessary to dilute to the state of thick sour cream, if you make the material too liquid, then it will splash heavily and not hold well. At the very end, plasticizers must be added to increase the viscosity of the material. Further work goes in the following order:

• The first step is to fill the container by about three quarters of the volume.
• Then install the compressor so that it is convenient to work, and then raise the atomizer.
• Point the gun at the surface to be treated, only then pull the trigger, while the distance from the wall to the nozzle should be about 30 cm.
• After the end of the first pass over the entire area of ​​​​the wall, you need to level the coating with the rule.
• After half an hour, you can start applying the second layer.

Plastering the surface with a plastering machine

1. If gypsum mortar is used, it is better to work in pairs. The fact is that such substances freeze quite quickly. Therefore, one person applies, and the second immediately levels.
2. Work should be carried out at a temperature of 15 to 30 degrees. Humidity should be 70-75%.
3. For facade works it is better to use plasters based on cement or acrylic. Gypsum compositions are well suited inside.
4. Decorative plasters are best applied with machines equipped with nozzles with wide nozzles.

Gypsum plaster dries quickly, so it will be more rational to work in pairs

Applying plaster in an automated way is a fairly simple process that even a novice master can handle. The main thing is to think in advance what material is planned to be used, and then select the equipment taking into account its features.

Plastering is one of the most difficult repairs to do. Technique for plastering surfaces allows you to get rid of manual labor when performing complex operations. You can buy a ready-made plastering machine, and if you want to save money, make it yourself.

Will one machine replace a construction team?

The main advantage of using technology is the release from routine manual labor. True, a machine cannot completely replace a person, but it greatly facilitates and speeds up the process. There are a number of advantages that speak in favor of the use of specialized equipment:

1. 1. The preparation of a plaster mortar requires an exact ratio between dry mixes and water. If a person can make a mistake, then the machine, observing the exact dosage, prepares high-quality mixtures on the machine.
2. 2. Mixing is carried out mechanically. It is difficult for a person to mix the solution, it takes a long time. The machine kneads quickly. Due to the accelerated supply, the solution contains a large amount of air, which makes it possible to save money, since more solution is obtained at the same cost of the solution.
3. 3. One plastering unit is able to replace an entire construction team. In this case, the process proceeds much faster, and a uniformly applied thin layer of the solution dries better.

That is, time is saved and spent less material. A high-quality and durable coating is created that does not require puttying and further finishing work to level the surface. The technique is easy to manage. The operating instructions are described in the instructions that are attached. Therefore, a person of any training will be able to work with the device. The dimensions of the machine are small, special handles and wheels facilitate the transportation of equipment to the place of work.

The unit consists of separate modules, which makes it possible to assemble and disassemble it for transportation over long distances and storage. In serial machines, it is possible to adjust work processes, so they can be used both at large construction sites and for a small amount of work.

How the miracle unit works and how to choose a solution

For the smooth operation of the device, constant access to the electrical network is required. In certain circumstances, the presence of running water is also required. If it is not available at the construction site, serial devices are provided with a pump that allows you to pump water from any container. For mixing the mortar, plastering units are equipped with special hoppers into which dry mixes are poured. They are also loaded with ready-made mixtures coming from the factory.

After the bunker, the mixture enters by a screw method into a special chamber, where mixing with water is carried out. The process goes on continuously. The ready solution is immediately fed through the solution hose to the distribution system. At the end of the hose is special device for applying plaster - usually it is a gun. With its help, the solution is applied in a uniform layer of the required thickness. Plaster guns support several application modes. The choice of mode depends on the consistency of the solution and the type of work surface.

Solutions that are used for machine application have the following features:

• short drying time;
• quickly gain strength;
• good adhesion to the treated surface;
• good heat and sound insulation characteristics;
• high vapor permeability.

If the mixtures are applied in an automated way, their characteristics are improved, which makes it possible to create an optimal microclimate in the room.

To level the walls of buildings outside, a conventional cement-sand mortar is used. Gypsum plasters are used for residential premises (living rooms, bedrooms, children's rooms). For rooms with high humidity (kitchens, bathrooms), we recommend taking mixtures based on acrylic resins, or in which polymer additives are used. Ready-made mortars are supplied already diluted with water, they can be applied immediately both by machine and by hand. Modern blends contain substances that increase the plastic and astringent characteristics of ready-made solutions.

Plaster shovels, guns and cars - which technique do you prefer?

For automatic application of mortars, special plaster units are used. Since this is expensive equipment, its purchase is economically justified for large volumes of work. For one-time use, it is more profitable to rent equipment. There are several types of devices for mechanized surface treatment.

A pneumatic shovel for applying solutions to walls and ceilings is a metal container for ready solution, equipped with four nozzles for air supply and four for mixture supply. The diameter of the nozzles depends on the type of solution used. The supply of plaster to the surface is carried out through a special pipe. The tool has a valve that regulates the air supply under pressure. On average, up to 60 square meters can be processed per hour. For plastering the ceiling and walls, different models of pneumatic shovels are used. They differ in the location of the container with the solution relative to the tube through which the supply is carried out.

The pneumatic pistol is equipped with a nozzle barrel with a threaded connection, onto which nozzles are screwed. The differences between the nozzles are in the degree of spraying of the plaster mixture. The container with the solution is located in the upper part of the unit; it is made of metal or plastic. The volume can be different, but usually is about 5 liters. The flow of the solution is controlled by a trigger. At the bottom of the gun there is a hole for connecting a hose through which compressed air is supplied. Thanks to the nozzles, you can use solutions of different consistency and spray the mixture with varying degrees of intensity. This feature of the gun makes it possible not only to perform a rough surface plastering, but also to apply a finishing layer.

Plastering machines are presented on the construction market various models, differing in equipment, dimensions, performance and price. The middle class plaster machine has small size and can be operated by one person. The main component of the apparatus is a pump that provides preparation, supply and spraying of the solution onto the treated surface. The granularity of mixtures for units of this type should not exceed 2 mm. Depending on the design, some machines are equipped with separate containers for dry compound, water and mixing. The process of obtaining a solution is fully mechanized and is set special program. This makes it possible to obtain a high-quality mixture with exact proportions without air bubbles and lumps.

We make our unit from a fire extinguisher - according to the principle of an airbrush

If the purchase of a ready-made plastering unit is unprofitable, you can save money and make an application unit. The basis of such an apparatus is a fire extinguisher with a cylinder of about 4 liters. Such a blank has everything you need to create a machine for spraying the mixture: a nozzle, a handle, a lever that opens a hole at the exit.

First of all, it is necessary to cut off the bottom, since in the future the apparatus will need to be held with the nozzle down. A cylinder with a cut bottom plays the role of a bunker. The only thing that needs to be added to a homemade atomizer is a tube, compressed air will be supplied through it. It should be cut into the side wall of the cylinder opposite the valve outlet through which the mixture is sprayed. The device works on the principle of a spray gun. Compressed air is supplied from the compressor. For high-quality spraying, the diameter of the nozzle should not exceed 4-5 mm.

On power homemade device are influenced by the following factors:

• nozzle diameter;
• the distance between the nozzle and the nozzle of the compressor;
• supply air pressure.

To increase the power of the jet, the air supply tube must be as close as possible to the outlet valve. If plastering is carried out "under a fur coat", then the distance should be no more than 1.5–2 cm. For finely dispersed solutions, the distance must be further reduced. The smaller the gap, the more powerful the jet will be. It is important to increase the pressure.

You can fix the tube using nuts with seals, then it is easier to adjust the distance, and the connection needs to be welded. There is another option without using a welding machine - fastening with resin. So the tube will not only be fixed, but also sealed. To do this, the tube must be fixed at an angle of 45 degrees with the axis of the outlet hole and with the ground. The resin is poured in liquid form so that the final level is below the nozzle. Resin pouring is beneficial in that the liquid flows down the inclined tube to the nozzle evenly. Care must be taken not to block the outlet. Then you need to wait for the resin to harden.

On final stage air compressor attached with a hose to the nozzle hole. To operate the apparatus, create a pressure of 2 atmospheres. With a little pressure, the finish is rough, suitable "under a fur coat." A smoother coating with filling of all pores is obtained with more high pressure.

Right technology + good apparatus = perfectly flat wall

Before starting finishing work, the work surface requires preparation. The surface must be cleaned of the remnants of the previous finish. It should not be wet and oily stains. If there was fungus and mold on the walls, mandatory treatment with special means is necessary. The prepared surface must be even, firm and dry. Apply a primer to the finished work surface. When the coating dries, you can start plastering.

First we prepare the solution. It is better to dilute the dry mixture with lime milk, and not with water, then the coating will be more durable. The cement-sand mixture is diluted as standard: 1 part of cement and 3-4 parts of river sand. The solution should turn out like thick sour cream, it should not be too liquid. At the final stage, when kneading, we add plasticizers to increase the viscosity. If you use factory plaster equipment, then an instruction manual is attached to it. Before work, check that the hoses are not kinked. Using homemade apparatus the sequence of actions is as follows:

1. 1. Fill the container with a solution of 2/3.
2. 2. You need to stand at an angle to the surface to be treated. The dominant hand holds the gun, and the second fixes the hose. The length of the hose should be enough for free movement along the wall.
3. 3. Operate the trigger only when the gun is pointing at the surface. The distance from the treated surface to the nozzle is at least 30 cm.
4. 4. The jet should make an angle of 90 degrees with the wall surface. When plastering the ceiling, we direct the jet at a slight angle away from ourselves, applying the solution in a thin layer.
5. 5. We start applying the mixture from the corner, first filling cracks and depressions. We apply strips about 70 cm wide.
6. 6. Apply each subsequent layer after half an hour, especially if lime is present in the solution.
7. 7. The number of layers depends on the thickness of the plaster to be obtained.

The plastering apparatus for mechanized wall finishing helps a person to get rid of heavy manual labor. This is especially important when doing repair work on a large object in a short time. Plastering with an apparatus is a process of leveling walls with special mixtures. It allows you to replace do-it-yourself work with mechanical way while preparing the mixture and applying it to the surface.

If when working manually:

• The mixture should be prepared in small portions due to its rapid solidification, in about 50 minutes.
• Operations are slow.
• Even a fairly experienced plasterer will not be able to prepare a solution of the same consistency each time.
• It is impossible to apply the mixture simultaneously on the entire surface:

1. the solution is mixed;
2. lashes out at the wall.

As a result, part of the wall practically dries up, the second part dries up, and the solution only pounces on the third. As a result, the surface is scaly, which over time can lead to bumps and cracks.

Unlike the manual process, mechanized allows you to:

• Apply coating quickly and evenly.
• Get a better surface finish.
• Save the solution - it is used much less. This is due to the fact that when the unit is stirred, the mixture is saturated with air, which increases the volume of the solution.

So, with manual plastering for finishing one square meter the area needs about 16 kilograms of solution, and when using the apparatus -13 kilograms. On one layer, 3 kilograms are saved. When applying three layers, this difference is already 9 kilograms, which means that the price of the material will be less.

• Process facades and walls in a shorter time which greatly improves productivity. The device applies the solution to the surface much faster. This allows you to use a wider spatula and a longer rule than when working by hand. The surface of the wall is more even, which is very important for further surface finishing.

The principle of operation of the unit and the technology of applying the solution

The main element of the apparatus for plastering is the container:

• Water enters it and the dry mixture is poured. The proportions of the materials are programmed, which allows you to get a solution of only the desired consistency.
• Here the composition is thoroughly mixed, loosened, saturated with oxygen.

Then:

• The mixture is applied to the surface through hoses.
• The use of special nozzles allows you to cover a large area in a minimum time, and large sizes rules and a spatula to level this surface in a few minutes.

Tip: When mechanized plaster one or two workers can complete a large amount of work, at speeds up to five times faster than by hand.

Plastering instructions include:

• Using the level, the curvature of the walls is measured.
• On outside corners beacons-guides made of aluminum are installed. These works are done by hand.

• The device is connected to the mains and water supply.
• The dry mixture is poured into the hopper of the plastering machine.

Tip: If there is no water supply on the construction site, you should use the pump included in the equipment kit. It supplies liquid to the hopper, regardless of the type of container.

• The feeding auger delivers the plaster mixture to the mixing chamber.
• The composition is thoroughly mixed with water until a homogeneous consistency is obtained.
• Mixing occurs constantly during the entire process of the machine, which allows you to get a solution of sufficiently high quality.
• The mixture through the mortar hose enters the surface to be treated and is evenly applied to it, as shown in the photo.

• The mortar on the walls is leveled using large spatulas, trowels and rules. In this case, the surface is rubbed until it is even and smooth.
• The plaster mixture on the walls is left to dry.
• Other sections of the wall are being prepared for finishing, corners are being brought.
• All stages of the machine plastering process are controlled by building levels.
• The last operation is the elimination of minor scratches and protrusions, grouting the surface with a special sponge.

What mixture is used for devices

For plastering machines, mixtures are produced:

• Dry.
• Liquid.

They can treat surfaces from:

• Drywall(see How to plaster drywall and whether to do it).
• Concrete.
• Reinforced concrete slabs.
• brick, which could be:

1. silicate;
2. hollow;
3. ceramic.

• aerated concrete.
• cellular concrete.

Tip: The prepared solution must be used at temperatures between 5°C and 29°C. Before starting the plastering, a primer corresponding to the type of surface to be treated is applied.

Besides:

• used special composition plasters for fixing the corner profile.
• For facade plastering, the solution is made from mixtures that are intended for this type of work.
• For interior decoration it is better to use mixtures based on gypsum. They are used to level the surfaces of ceilings and walls in rooms with low humidity. Gypsum plaster allows the surface to be made more even, smooth, with high strength and environmentally friendly.

How to make a plastering machine

A home-made apparatus for plaster, as well as an industrial unit, allows you to apply the mortar faster and better than by hand. One of them can be a homemade pneumatic bucket or a small hopper.

This, not very complicated, device allows you to apply mortar to the walls with virtually no loss, very quickly, without special training. As supplementary material for self-manufacturing fixtures, the video in this article is offered.

Tip: A device of this type is intended for finishing large areas, for plastering the entire building. With small volumes of the treated area, it will take more time to install the device, and at the end of the work, its subsequent washing.

The advantages of the device, compared with the manual process, are:

• The rate of application of the solution increases by about 2.5 times, without loss of coating quality - the generated jet pressure promotes adhesion.

• Finishing can be done using different impurities and fibers.
• The solution can be applied to walls indoors and outdoors.
• The device is easy to clean. To facilitate maintenance, the container is best made of stainless or galvanized steel. Pneumatics must simply be blown through with a working air stream, after which all parts must be dried.

To make such a pneumatic mechanism, first of all, you should understand on what principle it works, which will facilitate the assembly of the pneumatic bucket.

The action of the device is performed in the following sequence:

• From the compressor, a stream of air through a hose enters the bucket, which is filled with mortar.
• On the opposite wall of the container there are holes for expelling the mixture under the pressure of air.
• The front wall of the bucket is made with a slope, this will allow the mixture to be scooped out more efficiently from the container where it has been prepared in advance.

Tip: To prevent the solution from spilling when applied to the ceiling, a small cover should be made on the top of the hopper, which will cover only a third of the hole on the side where the air will be supplied from.

• A nozzle serving as a nozzle is put on the pneumatic hose, its inner diameter should be 5 millimeters, and the outlet diameter should be 12 millimeters.
• The nozzle is adjusted so that from it to the front wall, or to the outlet, the distance is approximately 20 millimeters. In this case, the lower part of the bucket can be much larger: 50 × 50 millimeters or 70 × 70 millimeters.
• The material for the manufacture of the structure is chosen very different, from any improvised parts. It is important that the principle is observed: the solution falls through a narrow space down and is pushed out by air.

For example, if the distance to the front wall from the nozzle increases to 100 millimeters, almost all pneumatic power will go to the resistance of the solution, and only bubbles and too weak outflow of the solution through the outlet will be observed at the top of the container.

• On the sides, the bucket is fixed with two clamps attached to the edges of the hopper and the nozzle itself. In this case, the bucket receives three points of support. Clamps can be welded, riveted, the front part must be fixed on the threaded connection.

Tip: When plastering with an air bucket, a thicker solution is required.

• A gun is connected to the compressor through a hose, in this case a pressure of two to three atmospheres is required: with a larger value, the spray will inflate, with a smaller value, there will be no jet.
• When plastering, the distance to the outlet from the wall is selected approximately 18 centimeters, and the thickness of the layer is adjusted as necessary.

Tip: To increase the speed of work, you should make more nozzles and outlets. In any case, the hose remains alone.

Use of any mechanical apparatus facilitates the process of plastering surfaces.