cacti. Project around the world on the theme "Cactus - a prickly friend" (grade 1) Mkou filippenkovskaya oosh
Project name:"Cactus is a prickly friend"
Introduction
Relevance
Many of us have houseplants at home that delight our eyes with their appearance. Many of us have thought about the origin and history of any flower growing in our home. My family is no exception, and interesting house flowers grow in our house. I often look out the window at the street and more than once I pricked on the needles of one unusual plant, so unlike other flowers. And I asked my mother what the name of this green friend, so similar to a hedgehog. Mom replied that they call him "cactus". And we also watched a cartoon about Nyusha. There, Krosh and the Hedgehog went to visit Nyusha, and the Hedgehog carried a cactus as a gift. We wondered why he chose such a gift?
Problem questions:
1. What is this plant?
2.Where does it grow?
3. Blooms or not?
4. What is useful or harmful?
5. Are cacti edible?
Working Method:
For a more complete study of cacti
1) we have read many books, encyclopedias;
2) watched several programs that talk about the life of cacti,
3) searched for material on the Internet,
Subject of study: cactus - as a houseplant.
Project deadlines : January – March 2018
Protection method
: presentation, defense in verse.
Results of work:
scientific fact .
The word cactus comes from the ancient Greek "cactus", which in Ancient Hellas was called plants that have a semblance of thorns. Fossil remains of cacti have not yet been found anywhere, so one can only guess about their origin. It is assumed that they are no more than 20,000 years old, and in this case, cacti are one of the largest groups of plants on Earth, which in our time is developing rapidly, continuously adapting to changing environmental conditions.
For the first time, cacti were seen by sailors who entered the American mainland. They were very struck by plants that have thick and succulent leaves covered with thorns. The sailors took these unusual plants to Europe, showing them to everyone as " wonders of nature". On the territory of the CIS, cacti appeared in the 16th century, the first to bring them was Petr1. The homeland of cacti remains South and North America, some types of cacti come from the tropical forests of Africa, Madagascar and Sri Lanka.
The history of the emergence of the modern capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is connected with the history of cacti. An old legend says that in ancient times, the people of the Aztec tribe wandered for a long time in search of a place where they could settle. But the gods did not give the Aztecs a good sign. And finally, they came to Lake Texcoco and saw a large eagle sitting on a prickly pear and tearing a snake. Considering this a good sign, the Indians founded the city - "Place of the sacred prickly pear" - Tenochtitlan. The place was chosen exceptionally well. Centuries later, on the ruins of the ancient city, the capital of a large city, Mexico City, grew up. And the prickly pear cactus from an old legend migrated to the coat of arms of Mexico.
Habitat and species of cacti.
Cacti can rightly be called one of the wonders of nature. Everything in this plant is unusual: the absence of leaves, a fleshy stem, frightening thorns and beautiful flowers crowning this “structure”.
To understand its nature, we must remember that all cacti come from America, and most of them are inhabitants of arid steppes, savannahs and deserts. The soil cacti like loose, well-permeable water and air, with a high content of sand. The unusual shape of cacti is nothing more than an adaptation to life in these harsh conditions. A powerful system of lateral roots, lying at the very surface of the earth, allows you to collect more moisture that has fallen into the soil after rain. The length of the lateral roots of the cactus sometimes reaches 7 meters. In addition to lateral roots, cacti have a main root. It serves both to strengthen the plant in the ground (which is especially important for large species, and to accumulate moisture and nutrients, sometimes reaching gigantic sizes: up to 60 cm in diameter and up to 50 kg in weight (in turnip neoportea).
The spines of cacti are hard and soft, straight and hook-shaped, smooth and pubescent. Water vapor condenses on the spines and moisture accumulates. Shiny or light spines reflect Sun rays, saving the plant from overheating, and slightly shade the stem. Cacti grow from above, and colorless hairs and spines densely collected at its top protect the sensitive growth zone from solar radiation. The spines are the armor of the cactus, protecting it from herbivores. The fruits of cacti are equipped with thorns and hooks, which spread around the world, clinging to animal hair. The “children” of cacti also travel the same way. Other cacti are covered with thick long hair(but you shouldn’t iron them: under the pubescence there are thorns with which, like blotting paper, they absorb moisture from the air. My grandmother grows such a cactus and it looks like an old man sitting in a pot.
Plants vary greatly in shape and size. They can be both in the form of pillars, and in the form of balls and other figures. Many of the cacti live for 100 or more years and grow to huge sizes - up to 12-15 meters in height.
One Californian cereus giant, or carnegia, felled by a storm in 1978, had a height of almost 25 meters, and was estimated to have lived for almost 150 years. The stems of these giants contain on average up to 1.5-2 tons of water. There are also tiny cacti, such as blossomfeldia, which are only a couple of centimeters high and almost 3 centimeters in diameter, they fit easily in a teaspoon.
cacti in our life
In addition to the fact that cacti delight us with their appearance, and especially flowering, they are often food for humans and animals. For example, cactus fruits can be eaten raw, dried, cooked compotes, jam, candied or stewed as a side dish for meat. Prickly pear fruit juice is the basis for the preparation of syrups and food coloring.
Not only the fruits of cacti are edible. The stems of some types of melocactus and echinocactus are cut into slices and boiled in sugar syrup, getting excellent candied fruits.
In dry areas, farmers solve the problem of livestock feed by feeding the animals de-thorned stalks of large cacti. On such a nutritious feed, cattle quickly become obese.
The dried stems of large cacti are still used as wood and fuel, even houses are built from them. From small cacti, local craftsmen carve crafts for sale to tourists. Toothpicks are made from cactus thorns. The Indians make needles out of them, and the Mexicans make fishhooks. In Mexico and other countries of Central and South America Cactus hedges are very popular. Planted in a row, multi-meter cereuses guard the mansions no worse than the fortress walls.
Many cacti have medicinal properties. Prickly pear roots have a diuretic effect, selenicereus juice treats rheumatism. An extract from the petals of the wonderful Selenicereus flower, known as "golden drops", helps with cardiovascular diseases. Lophophora cactus is a unique source of antibiotics, which, unfortunately, has not yet been widely used.
In Mexico on New Year children decorate cacti with different toys, thereby turning them into a Christmas tree.
Variety of cacti.
cactus care .
In the room, cacti always lack light and are too warm during the winter dormancy. Moreover, even for these drought-resistant plants the air in the room is dry. Therefore, the most the best place for cactus - on the windowsill itself solar window, closer to the glass.
Dishes for cacti should correspond to the size of the root system. For irrigation, you need as clean and soft water as possible. It can be rain, snow, or simply boiled or settled tap water.
Myths and truth about the properties of cactus
Recently, a lot of information has appeared that cacti are able to absorb the harmful effects of radiation that comes from computers. But this is not all. It turns out that cacti are able to absorb negative energy, and this contributes to the emergence of a healthy atmosphere in the work team or at home.
Talk about useful properties cacti appeared when they first began to talk about extremely harmful influence electromagnetic waves and radiation from the computer. In fact, the damage caused to the body by the computer is not so great that it should be actively combated. If, however, these statements are supported by scientific data, then in the course of the studies it was possible to establish that cacti do not absorb electromagnetic radiation at all.
Conclusions:
We were struck in the cactus by the fact that, despite its thorns, it is very useful plant and it is used in food, that in ancient times travelers used the cactus as a source of water in the desert. Cacti are diverse, and each of them is beautiful in its own way. In the future, we plan to grow many varieties of this plant. We enjoyed learning about cacti.
MOU SOSH x. Kletsky
"Cactus is a prickly friend"
(as part of the festival educational projects; defense 14.03.2018)
Prepared by: Larisa Sapunkova
Tyshchenkova Polina
Head: Uskova N.M.
Cactus belongs to the Cactus family (Cactaceae). This is a perennial plant with thickened juicy fleshy stems covered with spines, hairs or bristles. The fruits of most cacti are fleshy, berry-like, and many are even edible (Cereus, Opuntia). The cactus family includes about 2800 species and is divided into three subfamilies: CACTUS belongs to the Cactaceae family. This is a perennial plant with thickened juicy fleshy stems covered with spines, hairs or bristles. The fruits of most cacti are fleshy, berry-like, and many are even edible (Cereus, Opuntia). The cactus family includes about 2,800 species and is divided into three subfamilies: the Cactus family, the Cactus family, pereskie, pereskie, prickly pear cereus. cereus.
Where do cacti grow in Europe in Europe in the Mediterranean regions in the Mediterranean regions as well as in the tropics of Africa and also in the tropics of Africa, the tropics of Africa, the tropics of Africa on the island of Madagascar on the island of Madagascar are bred as ornamental plants V open ground in the South of Russia, and in the North - in rooms and greenhouses, they are bred as ornamental plants in open ground in the South of Russia, and in the North - in rooms and greenhouses. These plants are often feature landscape, in some places they are found as difficult-to-eradicate weeds. These plants are often a characteristic feature of the landscape, in places they are found as weeds that are difficult to eradicate.
Growing cacti Cacti are green plants with needles. With minimal care, they can please their owner much more than other indoor plants. Any person can grow cacti, if he does not violate the basic rules. Cacti are green plants with needles. With minimal care, they can please their owner much more than other indoor plants. Any person can grow cacti, if he does not violate the basic rules. ground rules ground rules
Basic Rules Basic Rules Abundance of Sunshine Abundance of Sunshine Uniform Summer Watering Uniform Summer Watering Dry and cold wintering no higher than 10 degrees Dry and cold wintering no higher than 10 degrees Advice. Cacti should be watered when the soil is completely dry.
From the life of a cactus In Mexico, on New Year's Eve, children decorate cacti with various toys right in the open air. Cactus - Christmas tree. In Mexico, on New Year's Eve, children decorate cacti with various toys right in the open air. Cactus - Christmas tree. If a cactus has bloomed in the house, wait for the addition of the family. If a cactus has bloomed in the house, wait for the addition of the family. Cactus is a scorpion, he is a loyal and devoted friend and has a controversial character. Cactus is a scorpion, he is a loyal and devoted friend and has a controversial character.
Some useful tips The size of the pot should match the root system of the cactus The size of the pot should fit the root system of the cactus Best time for transplanting cacti - the end of March, April, beginning of May, i.e. when the plants are just starting to grow. The best time to transplant cacti is the end of March, April, beginning of May, i.e. when the plants are just starting to grow Watering with soft water that does not contain chlorine, the water must be clean, i.e. do not contain any impurities or salts (for example, rain or melt water) Watering with soft water that does not contain chlorine, the water must be clean, i.e. do not contain any impurities or salts (for example, rain or melt water) Since cacti are very peculiar plants, fertilizers should contain much less nitrogen Since cacti are very peculiar plants, fertilizers should contain much less nitrogen Cacti light is never enough Light cacti never too many Some cacti can be propagated from cuttings. The difference is that cuttings of cacti (except for ripsalis) are never placed in water. You need to cut the cuttings only in the spring, at other times of the year this can only be done if the plant dies and you need to save at least something. Some cacti can be propagated from cuttings. The difference is that cuttings of cacti (except for ripsalis) are never placed in water. You need to cut the cuttings only in the spring, at other times of the year this can only be done if the plant dies and you need to save at least something.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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Introduction Few people can remain indifferent to such an original, elegant and, of course, beautiful plant like a cactus. This evergreen splendor, covered with formidable thorns, harmoniously complements the interior of the room, but it is especially unique during the flowering period. Cacti - unique representatives flora. Unique in shape, size and color, they are a fertile object for collecting. And they can be bred in almost any conditions - from the windowsill of the northern window to the rockery wintering under the snow. Seeing this plant, I often thought: “What secrets does the cactus keep? What interesting things can you learn about it if you study it? So I decided to tackle this issue.
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The main part Green hedgehogs, which can often be found on the windowsills of flower growers and housewives, bloom in a variety of ways, each with its own character and whimsicality, and that's all about them ... about cacti. Cacti are natives of dry deserts and steppes. Botanists number about 3,000 species of this plant. cacti different types unexpected, bizarre shapes: and balls - round and ribbed, and cakes, and columns. All cacti are covered with thorns of various colors and sizes. The most amazing thing about these green creatures is the amazing stamina with which they withstand heat and lack of moisture. For many years they can live even in a sealed flask with moist soil. When these prickly creatures bloom, it is difficult to find more beautiful flowers than theirs. Some bloom once every five or even more years, some annually, and there are for six months. Most representatives of the cactus subfamily have a stem in the form of a cylinder or a ball, and they also lack leaves, but there are characteristic spiny processes.
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Popular home cacti Astrophytum ibex. It looks like a ball with ribbed sides. This is one of the varieties of cacti, blooming in summer- their large flowers look like daisies or gerberas.
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Chamecereus Silvestri. It has numerous thin stems that grow well and quickly. Blooms with bright red flowers.
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Cleistocactus Strauss is a single "column" that can grow up to 1 m in height. This plant looks great in the interior due to the silvery hue of its fluffy spines.
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Mammillaria is a popular type of indoor cactus that has a round or oval shape. Mammillaria usually blooms in spring, and its small flowers encircle the cactus with a ring.
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Rebutia tiny is capable of blooming every summer, throwing out tubular flowers of a deep orange hue. Rebutia stems are spherical and have a diameter of only 5 cm.
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Trichocereus whitening is a massive plant resembling a column expanding upwards. It blooms beautifully with large flowers that form on the top of the cactus.
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The Madagascar palm, or pachypodium, is an unusual type of cactus with leaves. This majestic tree-like succulent plant has a thorny, fleshy trunk, at the top of which are leaves. Interestingly, they fall during the dormant period.
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Prickly pear has a stem divided into several segments. Its spines look like small hooks, and this gives this variety of cactus a very interesting and original appearance.
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Temperature regime Cactus is a heat-loving plant, but quite resistant to coolness, as well as to sharp temperature fluctuations. Cactus feels great in winter months years - provided that the temperature in the room in which the plant is kept does not fall below 6-8 degrees Celsius. The cactus is afraid of dry air, it can also get sick if there are drafts in the room. If there is such an opportunity, then this plant is best placed on the windowsills of the southern windows - where there is more light. Lack of lighting can cause the cactus to wither, stem deformation and the appearance of all kinds of diseases. A cactus can bloom only if a stable temperature (18-20 degrees) is maintained in the room. Frequent airing of the room can significantly speed up the appearance of beautiful flowers on the stems of a cactus, since this plant loves fresh air very much and does not tolerate stagnant air.
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Watering Cactus is a plant that does not require intensive watering and feels comfortable even in dry soil. What is really detrimental to the cactus is frequent watering, which can cause water to stagnate in the container. In the winter months, the plant should be watered very rarely - no more than twice a month. For irrigation, it is advisable to use only soft water - rain or melt. When watering with hard water from the tap, excess salts can accumulate on the base of the cactus stems, which affect the development of the plant not in the best way.
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Soil The soil for cacti should be used special, it can be purchased at any gardening store. Basically, the cactus grows at home on slightly acidic, loose soils. When planting a plant, it is necessary to carefully loosen the soil in order to provide air and water access to its root system. If it is not possible to purchase special soil for keeping a cactus, you can use ordinary leafy soil for these purposes (dig up in the spring in a park or in a birch grove). It is advisable to add a little rotted manure to the earthen ground (as organic fertilizer) and coarse sand (to absorb excess moisture and loosen).
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Watching the growth of cacti in the computer science room
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November 2004 October 2005 November 2006 30 cm 60 cm Our cacti grew by 30-60 cm in a year
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Cacti and Computer Research Paper Topic
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The aim of the study was to study the literature on cacti and computers and conduct an experiment in growing cacti in the computer science classroom. Target
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Object of study: The process of growing cacti in the computer science room at different distances from computers. Objects of study
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Before the experiment, the plants were created the same conditions in which they lived during the year. It was given to three main components for favorable growth, these are: a well-lit room; uniform soil moisture; correct soil composition. Where did we start
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What we did On June 15, 2006, we measured the growth of cacti in 3 pots. We put these 3 samples in different places in the office. The first sample is in the immediate vicinity of the computer, the second is at a distance of 4 meters, on a separate table, the third sample is at a distance of 6 meters - at the window. During the period from 15.06.06 to 15.09.06. watching the growth of plants.
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Growth of cacti in close proximity to computers. Cacti grew by 12 centimeters.
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The growth of cacti 2 groups located on a separate table. Cacti grew by 7 centimeters
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Growth of cacti standing on the window. Cacti grew by 5 centimeters
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12 cm 12 cm 7 cm 5 cm 7 cm
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To consolidate our findings, another mini-study was conducted. The cacti that stood in close proximity to the computers were placed at the furthest distance from the computers for 1 month. Growth has slowed down markedly. In a month, the plants grew by only 1 centimeter. From October 15 to November 15, the plants were returned to their old place. In 30 days, the cacti grew by 3 centimeters. New shoots have appeared. Here is such a study! 3 cm 3 cm
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Research conclusions Based on the experience, we want to support scientists who have noticed that when growing a cactus near a monitor, the plant is fed by radiation and heavy ions, which favorably affects its growth.
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What's next? It is planned to carry out the following research works: “What kind of music do cacti prefer”, “Influence of microclimate on the growth of cacti”, “Simultaneous planting and growing cacti from seeds in an informatics classroom and a regular classroom”
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We will try to create for cacti all the conditions for a wonderful stay in the computer science room, and each, even a small "cactus", will radiate joy, teach us to make discoveries and live in harmony with nature! Key Findings
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Whoever reads a lot knows a lot. REFERENCES Klevenska T.M. "Flowers in the interior" - Moscow, VO "Agropromizdat", 1990 Lobko V.D. "Your greens." "Computer cacti". When and where to put a cactus or a myth with "tequila". Seed cactus. // Friend of the house - 2001, No. 35. Cactus in winter // Friend of the House - 2002, - No. 47 Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius 2002. Cyril and Methodius, 1996, with changes and additions, 1997-2001. Encyclopedia for children. Biology. A book for flower lovers. - M., 2000. Vasnetsova N.Yu. Illustrated Encyclopedia indoor plants- M. - 2002. Hession D.G. All about indoor plants - M., 2002.
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Slides captions:
CACTUS-FLOWER FOR THE LAZY?
Cacti are green plants with needles. With minimal care, they can please their owner much more than other indoor plants. Any person can grow cacti, if he does not violate the basic rules.
In spring and summer, the cactus is in a state of growth. He should go through a period of accustoming to the sun as early as possible and get unshaded sunlight in the summer. In autumn and winter, the cactus hibernates.
Now the cactus family includes about 2800 species.
Growing cacti Cacti are one of the most unpretentious indoor plants, but there are a few rules that cacti growers adhere to when breeding cacti. Numerous species of cacti hibernate in autumn. At this time, they do not require water, light and nutrition.
Universal rules abundance of sunlight uniform summer watering dry and cold wintering no higher than 10 degrees Advice. Cacti should be watered when the soil is completely dry.
How to transplant a cactus 1. You should start with the selection of new pots and soil for cacti. 2. Do not water the plant for several days. 3. It is better to use the transshipment method. 4. Never pull the cactus. 5. Without breaking the land lump, in warm water you need to hold the cactus roots for an hour. 6. After hot bath cactus roots should be dried for several days. 7. And then plant the cactus prepared for transplanting in a new pot. Put drainage at the bottom of the pot, then pour in some earth. 8. You can put a layer of pebbles on top. 9.IMPORTANT! After transplanting, the cactus should not be watered for a week.
CONCLUSION Cactus flowers require minimal care. They can please their owner no less than other indoor plants.
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