Rules and terms for transplanting apple trees of different ages. When is it better to transplant trees: in spring or autumn How to care for trees after transplanting
park or household plot will look abandoned or deserted unless planted beautiful trees. Therefore, the very first task of beginner gardeners is to grow healthy and strong plants by placing them according to the chosen composition of the landscape project.
However, growing trees is a long and painstaking process. Not all seedlings take root in a new place. And while they grow up, gain strength and juice - it will take several years, or even decades. And all this time the site will still seem bare and unformed.
What can be done so that from the very first months the garden is decorated with mature mighty trees? Plant large plants.
What is the essence of this method? What varieties are best to choose and at what time of the year to plant? What are the difficulties and what means should be used for its effective implementation? This article is devoted to these issues.
But first, let's find out what large-sized trees are and why they are remarkable.
View designation
The large tree is mature plant that has reached certain parameters and indicators. For each species and variety of trees, there are separate standards for its maturity.
Nevertheless, general criteria are determined by which large-sized plants can be determined. The most important thing is their age and physiological data. If the tree is more than four years old, if it has a well-developed crown and root system, if the height of its trunk exceeds one and a half meters, then such a plant can be called a large-sized plant.
In order to transplant such large and dimensional specimens, special technologies and devices are required, as well as additional skills and abilities. Let's talk about all this in more detail.
Suitable species for transplanting
Not all adult plants are suitable for planting large-sized plants. Among the various species and varieties, the following are most distinguished:
- deciduous (red and pedunculate oak, linden, mountain ash, elm, ash, birch);
- spruce, European and Siberian larch);
- fruit (plum, apricot, pear, cherry, apple tree).
Where do the big ones come from?
Where is the best place to buy planting material? There are at least two options:
- Nurseries, where, thanks to special technologies, trees undergo the necessary health procedures, they are prepared for transplantation, and preventive measures are taken to prevent possible diseases. There are several operating nurseries in Russia that meet these criteria. However, you can also use foreign institutions, for example, European and Canadian ones, which supply large-sized products to the Russian Federation, do it quickly and efficiently.
- Forest parks. The essence of this option is to dig a tree in an ordinary forest and plant it on your site.
How to choose the right planting material so that it takes root well in a new place?
Selection before purchase
To do this, you should contact a dendrologist who can determine the degree of condition and well-being of each tree.
Consultation with an expert is very important, as the good appearance of a plant does not always indicate its full health. In addition, many diseases do not appear immediately, but only a few years after the defeat. Therefore, if you want to see a strong and beautiful plant Be sure to seek advice from knowledgeable professionals.
This is important not only for the planting unit itself, but also for the already growing trees in your garden. A newly planted plant can bring with it a serious disease that can infect other specimens.
So, we decided on the planting material. We proceed directly to the landing of large-sized. First you need to extract them from the ground. How?
The principle of correct excavation
Uprooting a tree should be carried out carefully and carefully so as not to damage either itself or its root. It is also important to keep an eye on the lower branches. For example, they can be carefully tied to the trunk, so as not to spoil or break. If the branches are dry or diseased, they should not be removed, but left until planting. During transportation, damaged shoots can protect healthy ones.
Since the root system of the plant is removed along with the earthen clod, it is necessary to determine its dimensions as accurately as possible. How can I do that?
Usually the diameter of the earthen clod is ten or twelve times the diameter of the trunk. The stem is the part of the trunk that is one meter away from the root collar.
Here are the approximate indicators of an earthen coma: length and width - from one meter to two and a half, height - from seventy centimeters to a hundred.
Of course, when digging, generally accepted standards should be slightly increased.
After the uprooting procedure has been successful, the planting material is pulled out of the recess with the help of a jack, with a carrying capacity of fifteen to twenty tons.
Packing of landing units
Before transporting large-sized items, they must be carefully packed. For these purposes, special detachable container baskets are used, which completely cover the earth clod so that it is not damaged during the move.
If the root system is large, then it is wrapped in hard burlap or metal mesh. If the winter landing of large-sized ones is carried out, then there is no point in packing their coma. In this case, they simply provide the necessary time (from two to ten days) so that the soil around the roots is thoroughly frozen and woody.
When the tree is immersed in the pit, the container doors are moved apart and pulled out, and the plant itself is left for instillation.
Delivery of planting material
What special equipment is used for transportation? It can be a truck crane or a mini-loader, a flatbed truck or an all-terrain vehicle.
It is very important to monitor the safety of transportation. To do this, the large size is fixed with slings, carabiners and screeds. Do this very carefully so as not to damage the bark and thin branches. Therefore, it is recommended to moor plants either behind an earthen clod, or for packaging.
It is also worth noting that, according to safety rules, it is better not to transport trees whose height exceeds ten to twelve meters. For their transportation, a too powerful and overall car is required, as well as escort of traffic police cars.
Large-sized vehicles eight to nine meters high are also inconvenient during transportation, since their crown can rise above the road, making it difficult to travel under bridges, tunnels and electrical wires.
And one more piece of advice: it is undesirable to transport large vehicles at temperatures below minus eighteen degrees. This is due to the fact that it makes the branches of trees fragile and brittle.
Preparation
Before mature trees are brought in, the site for planting them must be cleared and prepared. In this case, it is desirable to free the access of transport equipment directly to the place of landing of large-sized vehicles. This will help to painlessly deliver the plant directly to the garden. If this is not possible, then the tree should be carefully brought to the planting hole using carts, transporting it in a horizontal position.
The planting hole (dug out with an excavator or manually) must exactly correspond to the earthen clod of the large-sized vehicle. If it is too narrow, it will damage the root system, if it is too wide, then the tree will not have the necessary support, and it will tilt.
It is recommended to slightly fertilize the soil before planting. For this, any subcortex containing nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, sulfur, etc. is suitable. These microelements will stimulate the growth and survival of the root system.
Plant grounding
When lowering the large-sized plant into the planting hole, it should be ensured that the root neck is ten to fifteen centimeters above ground level. This is necessary because during the year the tree will settle and may die if its root is buried in advance.
When placing planting material according to spatial orientation, one should take into account which side of the world its branches were facing at the previous vegetation site. This is especially true for coniferous crops. In other words, in a new place, the large-sized truck should be installed with the same side to the south as it stood before.
After the tree is planted and buried, the soil should be lightly compacted and trampled down.
In some cases, it may be necessary to insulate the root system of the transplanted plant. This can be done with a mulch of straw, dry leaves and moss.
Rules for caring for a surviving tree
After planting large-sized trees, it is very important to carry out the necessary care for them. What might this include?
First of all, remember: a tree needs support.
To do this, each plant is fixed with strong stretching ropes or wooden stands that will help it stay in a stable position for several more years. Every year or six months it is recommended to change the holders, as the tree can grow and expand.
Also, a transplanted large-sized plant needs frequent and plentiful irrigation. This can be done daily, not limited to root watering. Crown sprinkling should be done regularly.
Fertilizers can be added to the water to stimulate the growth of the root system.
An important role in the care of large-sized plants is played by systematic loosening of the soil and pruning of branches. However, the most important step in the quality maintenance of transplanted trees is preventive measures to prevent diseases and pests. What do they include?
Further care for the transplanted large size should be done according to the recommendations for a particular variety and type of plant.
When is the best time to transplant?
Optimal time of year
Modern specialists have achieved great victories in the field of replanting mature trees. If earlier only winter planting of large-sized plants was carried out in Moscow, now this procedure can take place in almost all cities of Russia at any time of the year.
And yet, it is better to transplant trees when they have a dormant period. Then it will be easier for the plant to endure the transportation, and it will quickly take root in a new place. In our area, the idle time of the trees falls approximately in October-March. Therefore, it is best to plan the landing of large-sized plants in autumn or winter.
Each tree species is unique in its own way. Therefore, when planting different types plants should take into account their characteristics. This will be discussed below.
Characteristic features of some varieties
For example, if you want to plant large-sized pines, the following points must be taken into account:
- Pine soil is usually deep (about one meter).
- Do not use specimens grown on sandy soil.
- After planting large-sized pine trees in the first twelve months, it is recommended to shade its needles even from spring sunlight.
Landing oil-large sizes, you need to pay attention to:
- The earth ball of spruce differs from others in that it is wide in diameter, but small in height.
- It is important to shelter the needles of the plant from the bright winter sun.
- Supports must be installed immediately after grounding.
- This type of transplant is best done in the fall.
- Trees growing in well-lit, open areas are suitable as planting material.
- After planting in the ground, the tree should be watered abundantly (even if the weather is wet outside).
Conclusion
As you can see, planting large trees is a complex and expensive task, requiring special skills, knowledge and skills. Here you can not do without qualified experts and special equipment. However, the effort will be worth it.
Within a few months, your site, planted with healthy mature trees, will look festive and elegant, harmoniously fitting into the intended design of the entire project.
Tree transplant
Tree transplant- a complex and technically complex process, moreover, it is very painful for the plant itself.
In the process of transplantation, the tree loses part of the root system, it is difficult for it to restore the normal functioning of water exchange processes, immunity to diseases decreases, the tree becomes more vulnerable to negative influence environment. But, nevertheless, sometimes you can’t do without a transplant.
The older the tree, the more difficult it is to transplant. Trees easily tolerate transplantation up to 3 years of age, most auspicious time for their transplantation - early spring and late autumn. Good results of large-sized trees are given by a winter transplant. In winter, life processes are slowed down, the tree is, as it were, in hibernation, and therefore it is almost not subjected to stress. First of all, a copy of the tree intended for transplantation is selected. Ideally, it should be a healthy, strong specimen, not affected by diseases, with a well-formed crown and root system. Coniferous trees - fir, thuja, spruce - tolerate transplantation well. From hardwoods, we can recommend horse chestnut, linden, mountain ash, maple, apple, plum, pear,
Preparations for transplanting a large tree should begin well in advance of transplanting work. It consists in rejuvenating the root system and sanitary and shaping cutting of the crown. A trench 60-70 cm deep is dug around the tree, which will indicate the size of the future clod of earth. With a synthetic film laid in a trench, the root system, as it were, is isolated and continues to develop inside the coma. Crown pruning is carried out in direct proportion to the pruning of the root system. Slices are processed with garden pitch or oil paint. Damage and wounds on the bark of a tree are revealed, which are processed and also smeared with pitch or paint. Preventive work is carried out to destroy pests and signs of diseases.
The tree is planted in a prepared hole. Its size should exceed the size of the clod of the transplanted tree, but not be too large so that the tree does not move and can be easily straightened. The bottom of the hole should be loose enough to allow the roots to grow freely. It is necessary to fill the pit with complex fertilizer.
When digging a lump, thick roots found in a trench are cut with a pruner or saw, the cuts are covered with garden pitch or oil paint. In order to ensure the greatest preservation of the root, it is carefully and carefully packaged. At the same time, the necessary humidity and free access of air must be ensured. If transportation is provided for, the tree is securely fastened and driven at a speed not exceeding 40 km per hour.
If the tree is planted with a packed clod, the packing is removed only after the final placement of the tree in the hole. The tree is leveled, well tamped, and an earthen roller is arranged around the perimeter of the planting pit to prevent water from spreading. The tree is well watered. The resulting gullies are eliminated, if necessary, the earth is topped up and mulched. After 2-3 days watering is repeated. If necessary, the tree is strengthened with props.
It is still better to entrust the complex process of tree transplantation to professionals. The company "Ozelenitel Stroy" offers to take advantage of the great practical experience and extensive knowledge of its highly qualified specialists. Your trees will be replanted in the shortest possible time with the right level of quality and with the least inconvenience to the plants.
Sometimes due to design change suburban area, the construction of houses requires transplanting adults. Also, such a need arises with dense plantings. The question arises of how to transplant an adult tree, at what time of the year it is done, how it is done, how the tree is cared for after transplantation. Let's take these questions in order.
How to transplant a tree
It is better to transplant mature trees until they are 15 years old. The younger the tree, the easier it is to transplant.
When to transplant
It is best to transplant fruit trees in spring or autumn.
In the spring, transplantation is done before the movement of juices in the trees begins.
In autumn, trees are transplanted from the middle to the end. At the same time, you need to monitor the weather, if there is a lot of precipitation and heat in autumn, then trees are transplanted much later.
Tree replanting equipment
Transplanting a tree with a clod of soil
The advantage of such a transplant is that with it the rhizomes do not change their location, and they are not separated from the ground.
If the tree is not yet 5 years old, then you need to dig it out with a clod of earth with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 m. If the tree grows for more than 5 years, then dig it out with a clod of soil up to 2 m. up to 0.7 m.
- How to prepare a hole for planting
Dig a hole that is 30-40 cm deeper and wider than the soil clod.
At the bottom of the pit, a layer of soil is poured, which was on the surface. In addition, 2 buckets of humus are poured into the pit. Then the earth is thoroughly mixed and compacted.
- How to dig a tree
First, you need to abundantly water the ground near a growing tree, then the clod of earth will not crumble. It is advised to pour 4-5 buckets of water (in a bucket of water - 10 liters). Estimate what should be the diameter of the earthen coma:
if the tree is 7-10 years old, then the diameter will be approximately 1-1.25 m; if the plant is from 10 to 15 years old, then 1.3-1.5 m; older tree - 2 m.
Then they ring the tree, digging a trench having a depth of 0.6-0.7 m. If the roots of the tree are outside the trench, then they are chopped off. At large roots, sections are coated with garden pitch. It is possible to sheathe the earth with tree roots with boards and secure with wire so that when moving, the roots remaining in the ground are not damaged.
Or carefully remove the tree with the ground, supporting with a shovel. Put it on plastic wrap. The film is rolled up and tied over the root neck of the tree.
If you plan to transport a tree, then put it in sawdust, this will reduce shaking during transportation. Then the branches are connected.
- How to plant a tree after
The tree is planted at the same depth as before transplantation. Fertile soil with humus is poured into the remaining empty space, and slightly tamped. Then it is watered abundantly, then the earth will settle a little, and more earth is sprinkled on top. Be sure to make a spacer.
Tree transplant without earthen coma
Dig a hole. Carefully dig up the tree, being careful not to damage the roots. Wet moss can be placed on the roots.
When planting, they put a tree, pour in the ground, into which humus is added: 3 buckets per 1 m². This must be done very carefully, so that the roots of the tree are not bent. After carefully watering and fixing the tree with ropes so that it does not fall.
Tree care after transplant
Immediately after transplant fruit tree 10-12 cm thick mulch is placed under it. If you transplanted a tree in spring, then mulching will protect against excessive evaporation of moisture, if in autumn, then from frost. Mulch with a layer of peat soil, compost or humus.
If the tree is transplanted in the autumn, then it is advised to wrap the bottom of the tree and the lower branches with white thick paper or paint water-based paint, then it will be protected from sunburn and frost.
pruning
When transplanting or before it, you need to cut the main branches by 1/3. Treat slices with drying oil or var.
In the spring, before the start of sap flow, the crown is cut, this will help maintain a balance between the crown and the roots, since the volume of the roots has greatly decreased. Then all sections having a diameter of 1.5 or more are covered with garden pitch. This will protect the trees from fungi and bacteria.
In the first year, cut off all ovaries and flowers, otherwise the tree will need nutrients which they lack.
Watering and fertilizing
After planting, be sure to constantly water the tree, as it is weakened. When watering, add 3 handfuls of nitroammophoska to the water. It can also be watered with a 0.3% solution of urea. Also spray the tree with pesticides against pests.
We should not forget that transplanted trees most of all need your attention, they are more actively attacked by pests, they get sick more often. Remember to trim the main branches and shape the crown. Constantly water the trees, do not let the ground dry out under them, remove weeds, spray the trees from pests.
3.7.6. in size and appearance trees assigned for transplantation can be conditionally divided into five groups (table 3.7.2).
Table 3.7.2
Group characteristic |
Pruning requirement |
Landing places |
|
deciduous trees With |
Sanitary cleaning |
Territory of residential |
|
Deciduous and coniferous |
Sanitary and |
Industrial zones, reserve |
|
Deciduous and coniferous |
sanitary, |
Industrial zones, reserve |
|
Deciduous and coniferous |
sanitary, |
Industrial zones, reserve |
|
Deciduous trees with |
sanitary, |
Industrial zones, reserve |
3.7.7. Appointment for transplantation of trees of especially valuable species with a trunk diameter of more than 25 cm is made in exceptional cases. The decision on the possibility of their transplantation is taken collectively with the involvement of experts, phytopathologists and representatives of landscape gardening organizations that carry out transplantation.
3.7.8. When appointing trees of 3-5 age groups for transplantation, specialists of the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection take into account the possibility of their transportation to the planting site, as well as the risk of windfall after planting.
3.7.9. The diameter or size of the side of a square of a clod of earth for transplanting large-sized trees must be at least 70 cm with a trunk thickness of up to 5 cm. With an increase in the thickness of the trunk for each centimeter, the size of the coma increases by 10-13 cm.
3.7.10. Transplantation of trees with a trunk diameter of more than 15 cm is carried out with a clod of earth 2.4 x 2.4 x 0.95 m. At the same time, rejuvenating pruning of the crown is performed, while maintaining a total tree height of 8-9 m, with pruning of side branches by 1/3 of the length (except oak, birch and conifers). Due to the significant loss of decorative effect and the threat of falling when strong wind trees of these parameters can be replanted mainly on the territory of industrial zones and reserve lands.
It is forbidden to transplant trees in the absence of branching at a height of up to 4 m.
3.7.11. When transplanting shrubs, it is necessary to rejuvenate them with the removal of old stems and leaving viable and young shoots without signs of damage by pests and diseases.
3.7.12. On sites of new construction and reconstruction, preparatory work is mandatory if there are large trees of valuable species on the site that are subject to transplantation. Preparation of trees for transplantation is carried out in accordance with the dendroplan and the transfer sheet, which reflect the types, volumes preparatory activities and a work schedule developed jointly with the landscaping organization carrying out the transplant.
3.7.13. At the venues overhaul engineering communications the customer carries out preparatory work on replanting trees and shrubs in the process of developing project documentation, subject to agreement with organizations operating underground utilities.
3.7.14. Preparatory work for transplanting large-sized trees, it is recommended to carry out 1-2 seasons before the start of transplantation work. They include rejuvenation of the root system with simultaneous shaping and sanitary pruning of trees and subsequent care.
Rejuvenation of the root system is carried out during the growing season, preferably in early spring, after the soil has thawed. A trench 60-70 cm deep is dug around the tree, the inner diameter corresponding to the size of the future coma of earth. The root system is isolated with a synthetic film, and its growth occurs already inside the coma. The trench is covered with sawdust and topped with a layer of earth (10-15 cm). A ridge of earth above the trench serves to hold water during further watering of the trees.
During summer season it is necessary to carry out agrotechnical care for the crown and root system of trees being prepared using chemical and biological preparations that increase the survival rate of trees.
3.7.15. When transplanting trees to a new location, consider:
Compliance of the new growing conditions of transplanted trees with the parameters of the site from which they were taken: the composition and physical properties of the soil, microclimate, illumination, humidity, gas pollution, and other anthropogenic factors;
Interaction of transplanted trees in the formed biogroups (symbiosis, oppression, light competition);
Correspondence of the area of root nutrition to the parameters of the transplanted tree for further development its root system;
Durability of tree growth in new conditions while maintaining its decorative and sanitary-hygienic qualities.
3.7.16. Transplantation of large-sized trees with a clod in a package (in boxes knocked down from plank boards, in special containers, in soft packaging made of sewn burlap or tarpaulin, additionally reinforced with chain-link mesh in the summer), is usually carried out using machines and mechanisms.
3.7.17. When digging up trees, the lump should be packed in tightly fitting packaging (burlap, boxes, etc.). The voids in the coma itself, as well as between the clod and the packaging, must be filled with vegetable earth.
3.7.18. Pruning of a transplanted tree should be carried out in a volume directly proportional to the volume of the root system lost during transplantation. When pruning, it is necessary to strive for the formation of the lowest possible, rounded and compact crowns by removing the terminal shoots and branches in the upper part of the crown and preserving the lower skeletal branches as much as possible. It is also necessary to shorten the growth shoots of the current year to 12-15 cm to remove apical dominance.
3.7.19. Transplantation of large trees is carried out in compliance with a strict sequence and agrotechnical requirements established by practice:
Preparing trees for transplanting:
Make molding and sanitary trimming of the upper and peripheral parts of the crown (above 9 m), paint over the sections with oil paint on natural drying oil or garden pitch;
Remove secondary inclined trunks (if the tree is multi-stemmed) that impede the work, paint over the sections with oil paint on natural drying oil or garden varnish;
Cut thick roots (more than 3 cm in diameter) with scissors or a hacksaw in a trench, paint over the cuts with oil paint on natural drying oil or garden varnish.
Loading and transportation of transplanted trees:
When loading, two workers direct the tree trunk onto the vehicle using a soft rope or rope of sufficient length tied around the tree trunk;
After lifting the tree from the pit, it is lowered to the surface of the earth to check the strength of the packaging and complete the sanitary and molding trimming of the upper part of the crown, the sections are painted over with oil paint on natural drying oil or garden varnish;
Trees are securely installed in the body of a vehicle at a slight angle to the horizon, their trunks are supported on the tailgate of the body and on special props, laid with several layers of burlap, and securely fixed, the crown of the tree is packed with twine and ropes;
Transportation of trees is carried out in accordance with the Rules of the road.
Seating preparation:
Pits are prepared 5-10 days before planting trees;
The length and width of the pit should not be less than 90 cm greater than the dimensions of the sides of the coma, and the depth - by 20-25 cm the height of the coma;
The walls and bottom of the pit must be carefully leveled and cleaned, the bottom is loosened to a depth of 15-20 cm, a layer of plant soil 25 cm thick ("pillow") is poured, the center of the pit is marked with a peg to center the plant during planting;
Fertile land is imported in advance, the amount of which depends on the degree of fertility of the local soil. Infertile soil is renewed by 100%, its volume is equal to the volume of the planting pit minus the volume of the coma;
The workers responsible for transplanting, in the presence of the customer, after preparing the seats, carry out control measurements of the pits, taking into account the height of the root neck of the tree above the design surface of the site, with the expectation of subsequent soil shrinkage.
Tree planting:
Installing a tree with a lump in a pit is carried out using a truck crane or a special machine so that the lump protrudes 5-10 cm (depending on its size) above the ground, which avoids deep planting after subsidence of the soil in the pit;
Landing using specialized technique with partial application manual labor with the participation of two experienced workers who have a rigging certificate and have received special training in loading and unloading heavy loads;
After installation, the lump is wrapped with a polyethylene hose with holes and brought out for the purpose of future watering and the introduction of liquid tree dressings after planting;
When planting trees with a packed clod, the packaging should be removed only after the exact installation of the tree in place;
After installing the tree in a strictly vertical position, the pit is covered with plant soil with layer-by-layer compaction, the lump is carefully lined with plant soil from below and from the sides to avoid voids leading to subsidence and tilt of the plant;
At the end of the backfilling of the earth, an earthen roller is arranged with an area equal to the cross-sectional area of the planting pit, in order to eliminate the spreading of water during irrigation. The trunk hole may be somewhat wider than the planting hole. Its sides should be tight and not let water through;
Watering the plant is carried out until the seat is saturated with moisture, after watering it is necessary to remove the gullies, add the missing earth and mulch the surface of the planting pit with a layer of 4 cm;
After watering, it is necessary to straighten the tree and strengthen it with special devices with regulators;
During irrigation and subsequent care, it is necessary to use growth stimulants, fertilizers and biologically active substances that increase the survival rate of transplanted trees.
3.7.20. When transplanting large trees in winter period at an air temperature of at least -15 °C, the following requirements are met:
The land around the trees scheduled for transplantation, as well as in the planting sites, must be protected from freezing by loosening and backfilling with dry leaves, loose soil or covered with insulating mats;
When transplanting trees, the landing sites should be insulated, for which, within the boundaries of the pit, an even layer of 20-25 cm is poured vegetable land or fine peat and a layer of snow of at least 50 cm;
In winter, it is allowed to store trees with a clod of earth in specially prepared places - pits. To protect the root system from severe frosts, and earth clods - from destruction during thaws, it is necessary to cover tree clods with snow or sawdust with a layer of at least 40-50 cm;
Landing sites must be prepared in advance in thawed soil or immediately before planting using special mechanisms operating in frozen soils;
The plant should be installed in a pit on a pillow of thawed soil;
Backfilling of trenches around the coma should be done with thawed plant soil. When planting a tree with a lump, an admixture of frozen clods with a size of no more than 10 cm and in an amount of no more than 10% of the total amount of soil to be filled is allowed; clods of frozen soil should not be concentrated in one place;
After planting, it is necessary to carefully cover the hole from freezing with a layer of peat and earth with a thickness of at least 20 cm;
In early spring, the insulating material laid on the near-stem holes should be removed;
In the spring, after the beginning of the thawing of the soil, all the trees should be checked, the leaning trees straightened, but not by pulling the trunk, but by excavating the earth from the back side from the slope to the bottom of the coma;
Strengthening on stretch marks of planted trees should be carried out after thawing of the soil;
When caring for coniferous trees loosening and digging of trunk circles are not allowed.
3.7.21. After transplantation, mandatory and intensive care is required for 3-5 years until their full survival.
3.7.22. Only healthy, well-developed specimens with the limiting parameters given in Table 1 can be planted on the territory of residential microdistricts. 3.7.3.
Table 3.7.3
LIMITING PARAMETERS OF TREES TO BE PLANTED ON THE TERRITORY OF MICRODISTRICTS
3.7.23. When transplanting large trees during the growing season, their crown and root system must be treated with growth stimulants.
3.7.24. The natural mortality of replanted large-sized trees should not exceed 25%.
3.7.25. The replacement of non-rooted large-sized trees is carried out by the landscaping organization - contractor within one year from the moment the transfer ticket is closed. Replacement is made for trees aged 12-15 years, corresponding in their external parameters to GOST 249098/81 and 25769/83.
The species (species) composition of green plantings planted to replace the lost (non-habitat) ones is determined by the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection, about which an appropriate act is drawn up.
In case of replacement of trees without agreement with the territorial department of environmental control of the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection of the city of Moscow and for non-established trees in excess of natural decay, the Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection calculates the damage in accordance with Decree of the Government of Moscow N 897-PP dated November 14, 2006 "On Approval of the Methodology for Assessing the Amount of Damage Caused to the Environment by Damage and (or) Destruction of Green Plantations in the City of Moscow".
Sometimes a summer resident has to replant an adult fruit-bearing tree. We share the experience of transplanting a 10-year-old fruit tree without damage to the plant and without the use of mechanisms.
Snow is not a hindrance
Based personal experience I can say that the success of planting a fruit tree to a large extent depends on right choice time for this difficult procedure. It is better to determine the date according to specific weather conditions and the experience of past years.
For many years I have adhered to the rule - I spend the autumn transplantation of trees after the third stable frost, but not earlier than October 20th. You can replant trees throughout November, not paying attention to the first temporary snow. I had to do this job and
December. All of them took root normally, and the first, however, modest harvest happened to be received already in the next year after transplantation.
I transplant mature fruit-bearing trees only as a last resort. First, of course, they need to be dug up; it is not difficult to deal with five-year-old specimens. Digging up a tree older than 5-8 years is much more difficult. At this age, trees have a developed root system, and in order to preserve most of the roots, a significant amount of work has to be done. earthworks. It requires effort, patience, accuracy.
With late autumn planting I prepare the pit in advance, and next to it I lay nutrient soil or fertile soil in a mound and cover it with roofing material. I spill the pit before planting, regardless of the weather, with water (3 buckets). I pour nutrient soil into the planting hole with a mound. If there are no ingredients for preparing a nutrient mixture for filling the planting pit, I use garden soil, add some clean sand and a scoop of wood ash to it. I mix the mixture thoroughly.
setting the balance
Just before transplanting, I prune the crown of the tree to restore some balance with the root system, which will decrease in size. Yes, and it is more convenient to move such a tree. With a successful transplant, the tree restores its crown in 2-3 years.
You can dig an adult tree by hand. Will be required bayonet shovel, garden pitchfork, hacksaw, chopper, pruner and a small, well-sharpened ax.
Before I start digging, I make markings for the trench around the tree. Its diameter depends on the size of the plant (1.5 m or a little more), the width is about one and a half bayonet of a shovel, and the depth is at least two bayonets of a shovel. This trench is intended to mark the root system of the tree.
Then, according to the markup, I begin to dig a trench, put the blade of the shovel along the radius to the center. I carefully cut the ends of the roots extending from the tree (along the outer contour of the trench) with a pruner.
The roots of a small diameter, going deep, I pull out with my hands. At the same time, I apply force to the part of the root that goes into the ground, so as not to tear off
His. Approaching the trunk, I gradually deepen the hole. Roots of large diameter, going deep, sawed off or carefully chopped off.
When the root system is clearly visible, the tree must be tilted in different directions to determine in which direction it is more convenient to lay it. If the crown is not cut in advance, then this work can be done at this stage. Then you need to chop off or pull out the last roots holding the tree. It is impossible to apply great efforts so as not to damage the plant.
I move the tree with a small clod of earth to the landing pit. The size of the coma for a pre-winter transplant is not fundamental, the minimum that holds the plant is enough. You can move a tree a short distance on a garden wheelbarrow. However, it is better to carry it together in your arms (the mass of a plant with a clod of earth usually does not exceed 25 kg).
I somehow had to transport an adult tree to the landing site in a truck. The crown of the tree was then easily tied with twine to reduce its size and reduce the risk of branches breaking. I put soft material under the root system and fixed the tree with a strong rope.
Starting planting, I measure the height of the root system, I provide for a slight correction for the fit of the roots when installing the tree. Sometimes I do a “fitting” before filling the hole with soil. The upper roots should be at the level of the general layer of the earth or 2-3 cm lower: by spring the earth will be compacted, the tree will drop a little.
I put the plant in the planting hole, slightly shake it so that the earth is evenly distributed. Then, in three doses (1 bucket each), I spill the soil with water. I straighten the roots and clarify the position of the root system in height. I usually make a planting hole a little larger than the diameter of the tree's root system. But sometimes the ends of too long roots have to be carefully bent along the contour of the pit. I do not allow deep planting, in which the upper roots are below the level of the fertile soil layer.
I fill the roots with earth without lumps. I do it carefully, without haste. I do not throw large, heavy clods of earth: they can tear off small roots. Gradually, the pit is filled with soil, I put a little more earth on top and slightly compact it, but so as not to damage the roots.
IN last years I do not install supports for the trunks of transplanted trees. In late autumn, there is no foliage on the tree, the crown is cut off, so the windage is small and it is quite stable.
The transplanted tree is watered all the next summer and until late autumn in hot windy weather (1 time in 10 days), I spend sprinkling more often. Mature trees transplanted according to the described technology take root well.
