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Chicken breeds

Today there are a huge number of breeds of chickens of various directions of productivity. The selection of new breeds of chickens originates in Ancient Egypt. It is actively developing even today, breeders have learned how to get chickens that correspond to certain productive or decorative qualities.

Today, science knows many methods of breeding new breeds: crossing, improving a breed or line for certain qualities, breeding selection, and even blood transfusion.
All chicken breeds differ among themselves in exterior, productivity, size, temperament. From all this huge number of varieties, you can make a choice of a certain breed of chickens.

Chicken breeds released at different times. In the old days, the best breeding achievements belong to the eastern countries, including China. After they had a cult of cockfighting, they began to breed very strong fighting breeds.

The greatest success in breeding chickens of egg breeds was achieved in Italy. Italian breeders bred the Leghorn breed, which still holds the record for the most eggs laid in a year. It is impossible to cite as an example Russian breeders who bred egg Russian white chickens.

The best meat breeds were bred in the USA. Brahma, Cornish and Plymouth Rock chickens are excellent examples.

The most common and versatile are the meat and egg breeds of chickens. They were taken out completely on all continents and almost all over the globe. These breeds have earned popularity among poultry farmers who breed chickens in their small household plots.

Decorative breeds of chickens are distinguished by their unusual external characteristics. Not having great productivity, they win the hearts of poultry farmers with their wonderful appearance. Many decorative chickens are bred. Some breeds are not specially bred, many are a domesticated form of wild chickens.

Based on all this, we can conclude that the selection of chicken breeds has developed throughout the world and almost every state has made its contribution to this matter.

Already on the basis of chicken breeds, crosses, lines and hybrids began to appear. All of them are characterized by increased productivity compared to their predecessors. Broiler chickens are an example of this.

The choice of breeds of chickens is very huge. Dealing with this issue is not easy. First of all, it is necessary to decide on the purpose of breeding and keeping chickens. For example, if you want to get only eggs from chickens, then you should choose from egg breeds. If you want to get meat from chickens, then from meat (or broilers). In the event that you want to receive both meat and eggs in equal quantities, then the choice should fall on meat and egg chickens.

For reference. Meat and egg chickens are also different. Some are larger and some are smaller. Some lay more eggs and some less. In any case, you have to sacrifice something.
If you want something exotic and extraordinary, then buy decorative or rare chickens.

Below is the entire list of breeds of chickens: fighting, decorative, meat, meat and egg and egg, crosses. Also at the bottom there will be a small list with the most rare chickens. Thus, having familiarized yourself with it, evaluating the qualities of each breed, it will be easier for you to make a choice of breed.

Fighting breeds of chickens

Fighting breeds of chickens are the oldest breeds. The homeland of most fighting chickens is Central Asia, but after they were brought to Europe, they became very widespread throughout the world.

All fighting breeds of chickens are characterized by a very strong body constitution. They have very strong bones, they are very strong and hardy. Exist like fighting chickens large sizes, and dwarfs. Live weight can range from 0.4-0.5 kilograms to 6-7 kilograms. By temperament, fighting breeds of chickens are usually aggressive.

All chickens of the fighting breed have a rather loose and meager plumage, so they are not adapted to severe frosts. In this regard, fighting chickens must be provided with special conditions of detention. .

Kulangi chickens photo

Kulangi chickens are a very old fighting breed of chickens. It was bred in Central Asia. Upon receipt, a selection method was used according to very strict criteria. Of the roosters of local breeds, they chose the most aggressive, strong, hardy with a strong physique - large fleshiness and strong bones. .

Breed of chickens: Belgian fighting photo

Belgian fighting chickens are the work of Belgian breeders. This breed is characterized by the presence of great strength, endurance, high fertility. The Belgian fighting breed is quite large - the average weight of chickens is 3.5-4 kilograms, and roosters 4.5-5.5 kilograms. .

Azil breed.

Azil chickens photo

Azil chickens are the most ancient fighting breed. Includes a fairly large number of subspecies. These beautiful chickens were brought to European countries in 1860. By nature, this breed is very aggressive, roosters often attack even their owners. These birds are small in size - the weight of chickens is 1.5-2 kilograms, and the weight of roosters is 2-2.5 kilograms. .

Uzbek fighting breed.

The Uzbek fighting breed of chickens was bred in Uzbekistan through a long selection for strength, endurance and aggressiveness. The average live weight of roosters ranges from 4-7 kilograms, and for chickens 2.8-3.5 kilograms. Egg production 100-120 eggs per year. The shell is light brown in color. Egg weight 57-62 grams. .

Modern English dwarf fighting chickens

Modern English dwarf fighting chickens were bred in England. They differ from other fighting chickens in that they have a fairly good temperament. This breed is very small in size - the average weight of roosters is only 0.6 kilograms, and that of hens is 0.5 kilograms. Nevertheless, these chickens show very good performance in battles. . Belgian dwarf breed of chickens photo

Belgian dwarf fighting breed was bred by German breeders. The average weight of roosters is 1-1.2 kilograms, and that of chickens is 0.8-1 kilogram. Egg production up to 100 eggs per year, eggs have an average weight of 35-40 grams, shell white color. .

Moscow fighting chickens.

Moscow fighting chickens are a breed that is characterized by two types of orientation - meat and fighting. This breed was obtained as a result of crossing fighting breeds of chickens: English, Malay and others. After crossing, breeding took place "in itself" and the resulting individuals were subjected to selection in many ways. This breed was bred by Russian breeders in the 18th century.

The average live weight of adult roosters is 3.5-6 kilograms, and of hens 2.7-3 kilograms. Egg production is 100-120 eggs per year. Eggs have a brown shell, weight is 53-55 grams. .

Malay fighting breed of chickens photo

Malayan fighting chickens are among the oldest in this direction. This breed originated from Central Asia. These chickens are not particularly popular, but some amateur poultry farmers, including those in Russia, breed them.

The average live weight of chickens is 2.5-3 kilograms, and of roosters 3.5-4 kilograms. Egg production is 100-120 eggs per year. The shell of the egg is cream in color. The average egg weight is 57 grams. .

Fighting breed Shamo photo

Shamo chickens have been bred in Japan for a very long time. There are three main types of shamo - dwarf, medium and large. They are distinguished by a very aggressive character and good tactics of warfare. These chickens are very whimsical to the conditions of detention - they are demanding on heat. In this regard, not many in Russia breed this breed. .

Indian fighting breed.

Indian fighting chickens have very good qualities as a fighting bird. Indian chickens have a very cocky temperament. Indian fighting chickens are fairly large birds. The weight of roosters can reach up to 4.5-5 kilograms, and chickens up to 3-3.5 kilograms. Many of them are bred solely for the purpose of obtaining meat. .

English fighting breed of chickens photo

English fighting dogs are the most common breed of all fighting dogs. They are unpretentious, good fighters, quite productive. On average, an adult rooster weighs 2-3 kilograms, and a chicken 1.75-2.5 kilograms. The average egg weight is 55-60 grams. The shell is white or yellowish in color. .

Decorative breeds of chickens are characterized by a very peculiar appearance. In Rus', chickens with a beautiful appearance have always been valued. Constantly held exhibitions and competitions with cash prizes. However, most ornamental breeds originate in Ancient China.

Ornamental chickens do not have very high productivity, but the appearance is striking.
Decorative breeds of chickens are suitable for those who appreciate beauty and elegance in them, for those whose productive value of the bird has faded into the background. .

Bantam chickens photo

To date, the exact origin of bentham chickens has not been established. Bantams are small decorative birds, they are very beautiful. These chickens are not very productive, so there is absolutely no point in keeping them for food. There are many varieties of bantam chickens.

The plumage of bantams can be of different colors: chintz, black, walnut, etc. These birds are distinguished by their energy. Bantams are excellent hens. The egg production of these birds is small and amounts to only 45-70 eggs per year. The mass of birds is only 700-1200 grams. .

Seabright chickens photo

Seabright chickens are very beautiful little decorative chickens that are a type of bantam. The body is rounded. The chest is strongly arched forward. The tail is very beautiful, fan-shaped.

Egg production is 60-90 eggs per year. Egg weight 30-40 grams. A rooster weighs on average 450-500 grams, and a chicken 400-450 grams. .

Poduan breed photo

Padua chickens are a decorative breed that was bred by English breeders.

Although these chickens are decorative, they show pretty good productivity.

The average egg production of paduan hens is 120 eggs per year.

Egg weight - 48-55 grams, white shell.

The weight of adult roosters is 2-2.5 kilograms, and that of chickens is 1.7-2 kilograms. .

Dutch white-haired black chickens.

Dutch white-haired black chickens are a breed of decorative orientation. Despite this, this breed has a very good productivity. Dutch white-haired black chickens are very beautiful. The breed is widespread in Russia, especially in home gardens. The breeding of these chickens is complicated by the demands on the conditions of keeping and feeding. .

Curly breed of chickens photo

Curly chickens are a decorative breed that was bred in Southeast Asia. The exact age of this breed is unknown, but their existence was recorded in manuscripts many centuries ago. This is probably the most exotic and beautiful breed from Asia. The appearance of curly chickens is very unusual: the feathers are very beautifully twisted into amazing curls. And little chickens, in general, are real charmers: very funny and funny. By the way, due to its curly hair, this breed does not know how to fly at all. .

Chickens breed Shabo photo

Shabo chickens are a decorative breed of chickens. This is one of the most common breeds of ornamental chickens. This breed was bred in Japan, but was brought to Europe around the 18-19th century.

The plumage is mostly white and yellow, however, there are speckled, striped, silvery colors of shabo chickens. Shabo chickens are very beautiful in appearance. .

In fact, there are much more decorative breeds of chickens, but they can also belong to another type of productivity, for example, meat or meat and egg.

Meat breeds of chickens show excellent meat productivity. At the same time, egg production, in most cases, is low. They are distinguished from other breeds by their very large size and very dense physique. By temperament, meat chickens are the most calm and balanced.

Most meat breeds have not lost their incubation instinct as a result of long selection. More details: .

Cornish chickens are very popular meat birds. They are very actively used in breeding for breeding. The Cornish have a very well developed herd instinct.

The egg production of this breed is 120-160 eggs annually. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 6 months. The average weight of the eggs laid is 60 grams. The weight of adult Cornish chickens is quite impressive. In roosters, it is 4-5 kilograms, and in chickens, 3.2-4 kilograms. Cornish hens are very good at incubating eggs. .

Plymouthrock chickens photo

Plymouthrock chickens, like the Cornish, are very actively used in modern breeding of new meat breeds. These chickens are the work of breeders from the USA. The Plymouth Rock breed appeared in the late 19th century. Plymouthrock chickens provide very tasty and healthy meat. Egg laying of Plymouthrock chickens is 160-180 eggs per year. The average weight is 3.5-4.3 kilograms for roosters, and 3-3.5 kilograms for chickens. .

Mechelen breed of chickens photo

Mechelen chickens are an old meat breed. These birds are very common in European countries. They are bred on private household plots. Adult roosters weigh an average of 4-5 kilograms, and chickens 3-4 kilograms. The meat is tender, juicy and tasty. Egg production per year is approximately 140-160 eggs. The eggs are very large, with an average weight of 60-65 grams, there are also larger ones. .

Langshan chickens photo

Langshan chickens are a meat breed. This breed is very old, it was bred in China. It was brought to Russia from Europe in order to improve Russian outbred chickens. Langshan played a very important role in the modern breeding of chicken breeds. The Russian standard for this breed was developed in 1911. To date, this breed is quite rare, but it is still bred by poultry farmers on their home gardens, and is also preserved as a genetic reserve.

Difficulties in breeding langshans lie in the poor reproduction and average viability of the young.

Chickens on average weigh 3-3.5 kilograms, and roosters 3.5-4 kilograms. Egg production - 100-120 eggs per year, average egg weight - 55-60 grams. The egg shell is light brown in color. .

Chickens breed Cochinchin photo

The Cochinchin chicken breed was bred in China in the 9th century. Cochinchins came to European countries in 1843. From that moment on, they gained particular popularity, every poultry breeder wanted to get this breed for himself. The Kokhinhin breed is also called the Shanghai.

Egg production is 100-120 eggs per year, with an egg weight of 50-60 grams. The color of the egg shell is brown. The average live weight of adult chickens is 3.5-4 kilograms, and that of roosters is 4-5 kilograms. .

Hens Brama.

Brahma chickens are a wonderful meat breed, but they are not valued at all for their meat characteristics. Brahma chickens are real giants, their weight can reach up to 6 kilograms. There are several varieties of these chickens. A characteristic feature for this breed is the presence of plumage on the legs. Brahma chickens are very kind and calm, they are very attached to their master. .

Meat and egg breeds of chickens are universal. They give enough meat and eggs. These breeds of chickens are very popular among amateur poultry farmers who breed birds on their own. household.

Meat and egg chickens are quite unpretentious. How were such versatile birds obtained? Most were obtained by crossing meat and egg breeds.
In terms of productivity, meat and egg chickens are slightly inferior to meat chickens and egg ones. .

Kyrgyz gray breed photo

Kyrgyz gray chickens belong to the meat and egg type of productivity. This breed was obtained by crossing the White Leghorn, Plymouth Rock and New Hampshire breeds. Kyrgyz chickens were bred at the Kyrgyz Institute of Animal Husbandry.

Best of all, these chickens get along in highland areas with a hot and dry climate. Today, Kyrgyz chickens are bred both in large poultry farms and in household plots. Actively used in breeding. This breed is most widespread in Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyz gray chickens have a cone-shaped body. Body of medium size. The head is small and rounded. On the head is a small leaf-shaped crest. The abdomen is very well developed. The legs are of medium length, rather strong. The plumage is loose, the color is striped, and in roosters a red color can stand out on the neck. Day old chicks have a very peculiar coloration: black and white spots on the belly. Cockerels have a light spot on their heads.

The average live weight of adult Kyrgyz gray hens is 2.3-2.7 kilograms, and roosters 3-3.5 kilograms. The meat is very tasty and tender. The average egg production is 160-180 eggs per year, with an average egg weight of 57-60 grams, the shell has a light brown color. The young growth of this breed very quickly gains live weight. .

Barnevelder chickens photo

Barnevelder are quite large meat and egg chickens. Chickens of the Barnevelder breed have a fairly dense large body. The neck is short without bends. The legs are short and yellow. Wings of medium length, close to the body of the bird. The tail is well developed and beautiful. The plumage is quite dense. The color can be black, blue or white - there are laces of a different color around the feathers.

The average live weight of a barnevelder chicken is 2.75-3 kilograms, and that of a rooster is 3.5-3.75 kilograms. Egg production - 170-190 eggs per year. The egg is dark brown in color. .

Yurlovskaya vociferous breed of chickens photo

Yurlovsky vociferous chickens belong to the meat and egg orientation. However, many poultry farmers breed this breed only for decorative purposes. The thing is that the roosters of this breed crow very beautifully, the singing is very drawn out in low tones.

The average live weight of adult chickens is 2.5 kilograms, and that of roosters is 3.3 kilograms. Egg production is 150-160 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 58 grams. Shell beige colour. Yurlov's vociferous chickens have retained the instinct of incubation. .

Ukrainian forelock chickens photo

Ukrainian forelock chickens are very amazing birds. They have a very high productivity, as well as excellent decorative parameters.

Chickens weigh on average 2.2-2.5 kilograms, and roosters - 2.8-3.2 kilograms. Egg production is 150-180 eggs per year. Shell color is beige. Egg weight - 55-60 grams. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 6 months. .

Tsarskoye Selo breed of chickens photo

The Tsarskoye Selo breed of chickens is experimental. She was bred on the farm VNIIGRZH. The main difference between these chickens is a kind of reddish-striped plumage. The breed was bred by crossing the Broiler-6 chickens with New Hampshires and Poltava Clays. .

Russian crested chickens photo

Russian crested chickens are very productive and have good decorative performance. They have a very beautiful crest on their head.

The average live weight of a rooster is 2.7 kilograms, and that of hens is 1.8 kilograms. Egg production is 150-160 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 56 grams. The shell of an egg can be either white or cream in color. .

Moscow white breed of chickens photo

Moscow white chickens belong to the meat and egg type of productivity. The breed was bred by Russian breeders at the Institute of Poultry.

The average live weight of adult chickens is 2.3-2.8 kilograms, and roosters 3-3.5 kilograms. The average egg production is 190 eggs per year. The average weight of an egg is 55 grams. .

Moscow chickens.

Moscow chickens belong to the meat and egg breeds. These chickens are quite common in our country, especially in the Central part. This breed is distinguished by unpretentiousness and resistance to various diseases. Moscow chickens are the largest of the Russian meat and egg breeds.

Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 5-6 months. Annual egg production is 170-200 eggs. The egg is quite large - 60-65 grams, with a light brown shell. The average weight of adult chickens is 2-2.6 kilograms, and roosters 3.5-3.7 kilograms. Maternal instinct they are poorly developed. .

Leningrad white chickens.

Leningrad white chickens were bred in the USSR by blood transfusions to leggorns from Australorps. To date, Leningrad white chickens are bred on household plots, and are also preserved as a genetic reserve.

Leningrad white chickens weigh on average 2.5-3 kilograms, and roosters 3.8-4.3 kilograms. Egg production 160-180 eggs per year. The average weight of an egg is 60 grams. The egg shell is light brown. .

Sussex chickens photo

Sussex chickens belong to the meat and egg type of productivity. This breed was bred by English breeders. To obtain this breed, chickens were used: Cornish, Cochinchin, Brahma and other local chickens. The Sussex breed is not bred on large homestead farms, but is very popular on homestead farms.

The average live weight of chickens is 2.5-2.8 kilograms, and of roosters 3-3.7 kilograms. Egg production is 150-170 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 58 grams. The shell is yellow-brown. Chickens have wonderful meat qualities. .

New Hampshire chickens photo

New Hampshire chickens are a meat and egg breed that was bred in the USA. The name of the breed comes from the name of the state where it was bred - New Hampshire. This breed is a variety of Rhode Island.

The New Hampshire breed is quite popular. It is bred both in large poultry farms and in home gardens. These chickens are quite unpretentious to the conditions of detention.

The average weight of adult chickens is 2-2.5 kilograms, and roosters 3-3.5 kilograms. Egg production is quite high 180-220 eggs per year. .

Welsumer chickens.

Welzumers are quite rare in Russia. They were bred at the beginning of the 20th century. The live weight of chickens is 2-2.5 kilograms, and roosters 3-3.5 kilograms. Egg production is small - only 110-130 eggs per year. The weight of the eggs is quite large - 65 grams. .

Zagorsk salmon chickens photo

Zagorsk salmon chickens are quite impressive in size, which is typical for meat and egg breeds. As mentioned above, these chickens are quite large. The average live weight of roosters is 3-4.5 kilograms, and of hens 2.5-3 kilograms. Egg production is very high for a meat and egg orientation - 260-280 eggs per year. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 6 months. .

Kotlyarevskaya breed of chickens photo

This breed was bred by Kabardino-Balkarian breeders at the Kotlyarevsky poultry plant. Now a little about productivity. The average weight of adult roosters is 3.2-4 kilograms, and that of hens is 2.5-3 kilograms. Egg production is not very large, and is 140-170 eggs annually. Sexual maturity occurs at about 6 months of age.

Kotlyarevsky chickens are quite popular on household plots in our country. This breed is bred in poultry farms and preserves the gene pool. .

Hole-necked breed of chickens photo

Bare-necked chickens are perhaps the most amazing meat and egg chickens in appearance. They have completely bare necks. Bare-necked chickens have a very kind temperament. Despite the fact that they are quite good rushers, these birds are wonderful hens. The chickens are very well looked after.

The average egg production is 160-180 eggs per year. The average live weight of adult roosters is 3-3.5 kilograms, and that of adult hens is 2-2.5 kilograms. .

California gray chicken breed photo

California gray chickens have a very calm nature. In our country, this breed is not very widespread, but there are poultry farmers who breed it on private farms. The average live weight of adult chickens is 2-2.5 kilograms, and adult roosters - 3-3.5 kilograms. These chickens have a fairly large egg production - 200-240 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 57-58 grams. The shell is usually cream in color. .

Appenzeller chickens.

Appenzeller chickens are a breed of meat and egg chickens. It was bred in Switzerland a very long time ago (several centuries ago). These chickens are very rare.

The color of their plumage is black, golden-speckled or silver-speckled.

Sexual maturity in these chickens occurs at the age of 5.5 months. The average live weight of adult roosters is 1.8-2.2 kilograms, and that of hens is 1.8-2 kilograms. Egg production is 120-160 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 55-59 grams. The egg has a white shell. .

Chickens breed lakenfelder photo

Lakenfelder chickens are a breed of meat and egg chickens. The place where this breed was bred is unknown. Only two regions appear in the origin - Lakervelte (Holland) and Zotterge (Belgium). These chickens are quite rare, in Russia it is very rare.

The average live weight of adult roosters is 1.8-2.3 kilograms, and that of hens is 1.5-2 kilograms. .

Chickens breed Maran photo

Maran chickens are a rather rare breed in Russia. This breed has a meat and egg direction of productivity. The Maran breed was bred in France in 1895. These birds are very amazing in appearance, peculiar coloring, very fast growth and excellent meat quality.

The weight of adult roosters is 3.5-4 kilograms, and chickens - 2.5-3 kilograms. Egg production is 150-170 eggs per year. Maranas carry very large eggs: the average weight of an egg from an adult chicken is 70-80 grams. .

Mergula chickens.

Mergula chickens are a meat and egg breed. It was bred in Georgia, thanks to the crossing of Cochinchins, Brama, Langshan, Plymouth Rock and Rhode Island. This breed is most bred in Georgia. The bird is unpretentious to the conditions of keeping and feeding.

Mergula chickens have very good meat qualities. The breed itself is not very large. The weight of chickens is 1.7-2 kilograms, and roosters 2.3-2.5 kilograms. Egg production 150-170 eggs per year, the color of the egg shell is brown. The average egg weight is 54-56 grams. .

Poltava chickens photo

Poltava clay chickens have very beautiful clay plumage. Moreover, in roosters, the plumage has a darker color. The egg production of Poltava laying hens is 170-190 eggs per year. The mass of the egg is average and ranges from 55-60 grams. The live weight of roosters is 3-3.5 kilograms, and that of chickens is 2-3 kilograms. .

Black bearded chickens photo

Black bearded chickens are characterized by good productivity and outstanding appearance. The fact is that they have a very peculiar beard. Egg production in a black bearded hen is 180-200 eggs per year. Chickens are good hens. The live weight of roosters is 3.5-4 kilograms, and that of chickens is 2.5-3 kilograms. .

Red white-tailed breed of chickens photo

Red white-tailed chickens are very common in our country. They are especially in demand among owners of private household plots. Red white-tailed chickens have a wide short body, leaf-shaped comb, pink earrings. The head is not too large, the chest is wide and convex. The back is wide. Their characteristic color is orange-red plumage on the body and white feathers on the tail.

The average weight of roosters of the red white-tailed breed is 3.5-4.5 kilograms, and hens 3-3.5 kilograms. The egg production of hens of this breed is not very high and amounts to 130-160 eggs per year. .

Amrox chickens photo

Amrox chickens are very beautiful. They are distinguished by variegated plumage. They are very calm and kind. The Amrox chicken breed adapts very well to different conditions life, unpretentious and very viable. The young growth quickly grows and fledges. To date, this breed is mainly bred in private household plots.

The average live weight of roosters is 3-4.3 kilograms, and that of adult hens is 2.5-3 kilograms. Egg production is also average, compared to other meat and egg chickens, it is 180-200 eggs per year. .

Austrolorp chickens.

Australorp black is a breed that is distinguished by black plumage. Also in Soviet Union these birds were imported more than once and actively bred "in themselves". These birds have received the highest distribution in Estonia.

The average live weight of adult roosters is 3.6-4 kilograms, and of hens 2.6-3 kilograms. Egg production is also quite high - 180-220 eggs per year. The survival rate of young animals of this breed is also quite high, it is 95-99%. .

Mini chickens photo

Mini chickens are a real find for poultry farmers who breed birds on their personal household plots. Mini chickens are one of the main poultry breeds in France and England. However, they are also popular in a number of other countries, including Russia.

The three main lines of mini chickens are divided according to the color of the feathers. With white, fawn, as well as with red plumage.

The average weight of roosters is 2.5-3 kilograms, and that of chickens is 2.4-2.7 kilograms. Egg production for meat breeds is very high - 180 eggs annually. .

Rhode Island chickens photo

Rhode Island chickens have very dark red plumage. They are big enough. They have very good meat characteristics.

The average live weight of roosters is 3.5-3.8 kilograms, and that of chickens is 2.6-3.2 kilograms. Egg production in chickens is average - 180-210 eggs per year. Sexual maturity in these chickens occurs 6-7 months after birth. .

Wyandot chickens.

Wyandot chickens were bred in the west - in the USA. This happened in the 60s of the XX century. The name of the Wyandot breed comes from the name of an Indian tribe.

Egg production is small - 135-175 eggs per year. The weight of roosters is 3.8-4.2 kilograms, and that of chickens is 3-3.5 kilograms. .

Fireroll chickens photo

Fireroll chickens are very beautiful meat and egg chickens. On their legs they have a very beautiful and lush plumage. In addition, they have a beard, like black bearded chickens.

The live weight of roosters is 3.5-4 kilograms, and of hens 2.5-3 kilograms. Egg production is small, about 160-180 eggs annually. .

Kuchinskaya jubilee chicken is a meat and egg breed of chickens. It was first bred at the Kuchinsky poultry farm. This breed was approved in 1990, and it was named in honor of the 25th anniversary of the Kuchinsky poultry plant, by which time the number of livestock had reached about 1,000,000.

The average live weight of roosters is 3.5-4 kilograms, and that of hens is 2.6-3 kilograms. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 5-6 months. Egg production - 170-220 eggs per year, which is an excellent indicator for meat and egg hens. Egg weight - average statistical 55-60 grams. .

Adler silver breed of chickens photo

Chickens of the Adler silver breed are quite beautiful. Feathers yellow, Colombian. The scallop has a leaf-shaped form. Wide chest and back. The body is very dense and strong. Beak and legs are bright yellow. The head is large in size and has a rounded shape. The plumage of these chickens is not very well developed.

The live weight of adults is 2.5-3 kilograms for hens and 3.5-4 kilograms for roosters. Egg production is quite small 160-180 eggs per year. Adler silver chickens are able to lay eggs from 6 months of age. .

Yerevan breed of chickens photo

Yerevan red chickens are not very common in the territory Russian Federation, most of them in Armenia and Azerbaijan. This breed has a very characteristic bright plumage and beautiful appearance. Birds of the Yerevan red breed are distinguished by excessive fearfulness and caution.

The average weight of young animals at the age of 2 months is 0.7-0.8 kilograms. The average weight of adult chickens is 2-2.5 kilograms, and roosters 3.5-4.5 kilograms. Sexual maturity occurs after 6-7 months from the date of birth. The average egg-laying rate of the Yerevan red breed hens is 190-220 eggs per year. .

Chickens Ukrainian earflaps.

The Ukrainian earflap is a very old breed. How it was bred is unknown, most likely these chickens have historically developed on the territory of Ukraine. They have a beautiful exterior: the legs are slightly feathered, on the head there are feathers that look like ears.

Earflaps are medium sized chickens. The weight of roosters is 2.5-3.5 kilograms, and that of chickens is 2-2.3 kilograms. Egg laying of chickens is 150-180 eggs annually. .

Egg breeds of chickens

Egg breeds of chickens are distinguished by the highest egg production compared to other breeds. They are bred in large numbers both in large poultry farms and in private households.

Egg chickens are characterized by small body sizes. They have rather dense plumage and thin legs of medium length. In egg hens, puberty begins very early - 4-5 months. Egg breeds of chickens, as a rule, have completely lost the instinct of incubation of eggs, as they have been subjected to selection for a very long time, which was aimed specifically at this. .

Russian white breed of chickens.

Russian white chickens are very good laying hens. They are popular in Russia, they are kept both in private household plots and in large poultry farms. The average weight of roosters reaches 2.5-3 kilograms, and hens 1.8-2 kilograms. The egg laying of laying hens is 200-250 eggs per year (however, there were specimens that brought more than 300 eggs). The average egg weight is 55-60 grams. Chickens are able to lay eggs from 5 months of age. .

Leghorn chickens.

Leghorn chicken photo

Leghorn chickens are the most productive egg birds. They hold the record for the number of eggs laid in a year - 365 pieces. The average live weight of adult chickens is only 1.5-2 kilograms, and roosters 2.2-2.6 kilograms. Puberty occurs at the age of 17-19 weeks. The average egg production is 260-280 eggs per year. .

Minorca chickens photo

On large poultry farms, minorocs are practically not bred, they are only kept as a genetic reserve. These chickens very easily adapt even to the most difficult conditions of detention. They do not tolerate only severe cold and dampness.

A few words should be said about productivity. Adult chickens weigh on average 2-2.5 kilograms, and roosters 2.7-3 kilograms. Egg production is 170-200 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 55-60 grams, the shell is white. Sexual maturity occurs at the 5th month of life. .

This breed is distinguished by high egg production and outstanding beauty. The Andalusian breed of chickens, in their appearance, is very similar to the Minoroc, but their physique is much slimmer.

The Andalusian breed of chickens is very much appreciated not only for its appearance, but also for its excellent egg production, it is 190-220 eggs per year. Eggs weigh an average of 55-63 grams. This breed shows the worst maternal qualities - it practically does not sit in hens.
The Andalusian breed is quite large: the live weight of roosters is 3.5-4.5 kilograms, and that of chickens is 3-3.5 kilograms. .

Italian partridge breed of chickens.

Italian partridge chickens are a very old Italian breed. They belong to the egg type of productivity. It was bred on the basis of local breeds of chickens. The history of this breed has about 2000 years. These chickens are also known as brown leghorn or brown leghorn. Italian partridge chickens, in Europe, spread very widely in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The live average weight of roosters is 2.3-2.8 kilograms, and of hens 1.5-2 kilograms. The egg production of this breed is 180-240 eggs per season. Sexual maturity occurs in the fifth month of life. .

Hamburg breed of chickens photo

Hamburg chickens are quite small in size, but very beautiful. In addition, they have excellent egg productivity. Hamburg chickens are kept on the territory of Russia, mainly on medium-sized household plots.

In one year they lay 200-220 eggs. The average egg weight is small - 50 grams. These chickens have practically lost the instinct to incubate. The average live weight of adult chickens is 1.5-1.7 kilograms, and of roosters - 1.7-1.9 kilograms. The young growth of these hens has good fattening qualities. .

Chickens Carpathian greenleg.

Chickens Carpathian greenleg is a very old breed, the origin of which is not known for certain. The first mention of this breed was recorded in 1879. Carpathian greenlegs are the most common in Poland. The type of productivity in this breed has not been established. In Russian literature, it appears as an egg breed, and the Poles call it meat and egg.

Roosters weigh 2-2.7 kilograms, and chickens 1.8-2.2 kilograms. The average egg production is 140-180 eggs per year. .

Czech golden breed of chickens.

Chickens weigh 1.6-2 kilograms, and roosters 2-2.4 kilograms. Egg production is 150-170 eggs per year. Egg weight - 55-60 grams. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of 5-6 months. .

Crosses of chickens

Crosses of chickens are a combination of a line and hybrids obtained in the selection process. Chicken crosses have become very popular among large poultry farms. There are crosses of the meat direction of productivity and egg.

As a rule, chicken crosses are most well adapted to those climatic conditions in which pain is eliminated.

Rare breeds of chickens

Rare breeds of chickens are characterized by their exclusivity. Their population is on the verge of extinction. As a rule, these breeds are rare due to low productivity or some difficulties in keeping or feeding.

Aracuana chickens.

Aracuana chickens photo

Araucan chickens are a very ancient breed of chickens. These chickens belong to the breeds of a decorative orientation, however, they show very good egg production, so they can also be attributed to egg breeds. Araucan chickens were bred on the continent of South America, in the country of Chile. This breed got its name in honor of the Indian tribe that lives in Chile. There are a lot of different mysterious legends around this breed.

The peculiarity of the breed lies in the fact that Aracuana chickens lay eggs with a bluish tint. Oddly enough, this breed does not have the instinct of incubation at all. The breed is very rare and practically does not occur on the territory of Russia.

Breda chickens

Chickens breed delirium photo

Delusional chickens are a very rare breed that was bred in Holland. The breed reached its peak in 1869. The plumage color of these chickens can be white, silver, black and blue. A very long time ago, these chickens were common in Russia, but today they are very rare.

Gudan chickens photo

Gudan chickens belong to the meat type of productivity. They were bred in France. These birds have a very active temperament. The Gudan breed is quite rare.
These chickens have a very peculiar exterior. It has a fairly strong skeleton and strong muscles. There is a round crest on the head. You can also see a beautiful lush beard.
These chickens have very good meat qualities. The meat is very tender and tasty, white. The average weight of adult roosters is 2.5-3 kilograms, and hens 2-2.5 kilograms. Egg production is 130-160 eggs per year. The average egg weight is 53-59 grams. The shell is white.

Yokohama chickens

Yokohama chickens are a decorative breed that was bred in Germany in 1869. These birds have a very calm temperament. Quite whimsical to the conditions of detention, and therefore not widely used. Adult roosters on average weigh 1.75-2 kilograms, and chickens 1-1.5 kilograms. Egg production per year is 80-100 eggs.

Fayumi chickens

Fayumi chickens are a breed of chickens with egg productivity. Today it is quite rare. The breed is very ancient, it was obtained even bred in ancient Egypt. These chickens are most common in the United States, bred on private homestead farms. It also occurs in Russia. Fayumi chickens are most adapted to dry and hot climates. They differ in very early puberty - at the age of 4 months.

Fayumi chickens are quite small. Chickens weigh an average of 1.6 kilograms, and roosters 2 kilograms. The instinct of incubation is well shown.

The complete catalog of chicken breeds with photos and names presented in our article contains all necessary information necessary for breeding poultry in a private backyard.

Almost 8 millennia ago, people first domesticated chickens. The poultry industry is still the most efficient and profitable activity in the world. farms.

Classification

There are many breeds of chickens all over the world. Selection work made a real breakthrough in this area. Every year, scientists develop new species with high quality properties.

If we take into account that there are approximately 700 breeds all over the world, then in Russia itself their number is close to 100. But not all of them are used for cultivation in agriculture.

The most accurate and reliable classification consists of rocks of the following direction:

• decorative;
• fighting;
• meat and egg;
• meat;
• egg;
• crosses.

From the name of the breed it is clear for what purpose this or that species is used. Among themselves, they differ in productivity, exterior, size, temperament.

decorative chickens

Ornamental poultry farming originated in ancient China and gradually spread throughout the world, becoming part of the domestic one.

The productivity of ornamental breeds is low. A characteristic feature is an attractive, "smart" appearance.

Crested and dwarf birds, individuals with interesting plumage and scallops belong to this group.

bantams

These are incredibly beautiful chickens. small size. Their exact place of origin is not known.

The plumage of chickens is diverse: there are black, walnut, chintz shades

Productivity is not high. They are bred most often for decorative purposes.

Benthams are very energetic. In a year they will give up to seventy eggs. The weight of adults is up to 1.2 kg.

Seabright

Seabright is a type of bantam chicken. The body is rounded, the chest is strongly convex, the tail is fan-shaped.

The color scheme of chickens consists of golden and silver shades.

Adults weigh 0.6 kg (cockerel), 0.5 kg (female).

Productivity per year - up to 100 eggs.

Paduan

A distinctive feature of these birds, bred by English breeders, is a chic crest that covers the protrusion of the head.

Beautiful unusual chickens are also excellent laying hens

Distinguish standard view birds weighing 2.5 kg (rooster), 2 kg (chicken), and a dwarf species weighing 0.8 kg (females). Productivity is quite good. Up to 120 eggs can be collected per year.

white crested dutch black

They are especially popular among poultry farmers in Russia due to their original exterior.

It is interesting that the feathers, hanging back, do not close the eyes.

On the ledge of the head is a white crest. The scallop is completely missing. Reddish earrings of small length. The tail is made up of beautiful feathers.

The elongated torso stands out for its particular harmony. Up to 140 eggs can be obtained from a laying hen per year. Adults grow up to 2.5 kg (rooster), 2 kg (chicken).

Curly

Southeast Asia is considered the birthplace of these beautiful and exotic birds.

Curly chickens (Shershetki) do not fly at all

Their feathers are twisted into unusual curls. The weight of an adult rooster is 3 kg, and 2.1 kg for a chicken. In a year, a laying hen can produce about 160 eggs.

Shabo

This is the most common decorative breed. The birds are very beautiful.

The plumage is most often a white-yellow hue, as well as a striped, speckled, silver color.

Cours Chabot was bred in Japan, and brought to Europe in the 18th - 19th centuries

The mass of an adult is 0.6 kg and 0.5 kg. The annual productivity of the little beauty is 80 eggs.

Fighting breeds

Nature has endowed the birds with a strong physique, a strong beak. However, the character of the "fighters" is aggressive. They were bred specifically to participate in the battles.

Azil

In Germany, he found himself in 1860.

Most ancient view fighting chickens bred in India

The rooster has a medium, fairly strong physique. Weight: 2.5 kg (rooster), 2 kg (female).

Old English

Birds of English selection of medium build: flat short back, high limbs. Weight: 3 kg (rooster), 2.5 kg (female). The productivity index is quite high.

Old English birds are highly trainable.

Chickens are characterized by high vitality and endurance. A dwarf subspecies of Old English chickens has also been bred.

Belgian

Birds of Flanders selection. Quite large, with aggressive traits.

This breed was bred specifically for fighting.

The weight of adults is up to 5.5 kg and up to 4 kg. Laying hens have good egg production.

Moscow view

At the end of the 19th century, by crossing different types birds, Russian scientists bred the Moscow breed to participate in battles. Individuals of this species are strong, with a large physique.

The color of chickens varies from red to brightly mottled.

The weight of a rooster is 6 kg, females - 3 kg. Laying hens usually produce 120 eggs per year.

Indian view

In the XIX century, these birds came to Europe. The nature of the birds is pugnacious. Plumage with white or yellow color.

Due to their large weight (4.5 kg for a rooster, 3.5 for a chicken), they are grown for meat. Annual egg production - 100 pieces.

Asian fighting chickens kulangi

This list can be supplemented by many other fighting breeds:

• Japanese (hint, lari, shamo, aktau);
• Central Asian (kulangs);
• Spanish;
• Malay;
• Turkish;
• Uzbek.

meat breeds

Many farms and households are engaged in raising meat chickens for dietary meat.

Red white-tailed

This variety was born thanks to English breeders.

Birds are distinguished by a large body structure and red-orange feathers.

Before you is a highly productive species, both in terms of obtaining meat (4 kg - live weight of a rooster, 3.5 kg - chicken), and in terms of egg production (180 pieces per year).

Plymouth Rock

Breed of American selection. 8 subspecies have been bred, but the most common are white Plymouth Rocks and striped. High quality features.

Birds are very calm, easily adapt to different weather conditions, resistant to diseases.

Compared to other breeds, they are quite large (4 kg - rooster, 3 kg - chicken). With regard to egg production - up to 200 pcs. in year.

cochinquin

Meat chickens brought from China in the 19th century.

The figure of the bird is massive. The limbs are hairy.

Most of them are red in color, but there are blue and smoky sky.

They are distinguished by high productivity in meat orientation (4.3 kg - rooster, 4 kg - chicken). Egg production is average - up to 120 pieces.

Brama

North America is the birthplace of Brahm. Their plumage is light and dark.

Strong body structure, thick and long limbs in plumage

In terms of productivity, this is one of the best breeds. The rooster weighs 4.5 kg. A laying hen weighing 3.5 kg can produce 120 eggs for the whole year.

Other representatives of meat chickens: Cornish, Dorking, Gudan.

Meat-egg breeds

Designed for cultivation in order to obtain meat and eggs. According to the reviews of farmers, masoya breeds - optimal solution for home conditions.

Adler silver

The breed was bred by Russian scientists.

Poultry meat meets high taste standards

With the right diet, a rooster can reach 4 kg, and a chicken can weigh 2.8 kg. The egg production of laying hens is very high (190 pieces per year).

Moscow

The breed was bred by Russian breeders. Meat of high palatability.

A rooster can weigh 3.5 kg, a hen 1 kg less

Distinctive features: high egg production, almost 230 pieces per year (up to 250 eggs can be collected from hybrid crosses).

Black colored birds

Roy Island chicken breed

Feathered meat and egg directions are very popular among farmers:

• Yerevan;
• Amrox;
• Rhode Island;
• Kuchinsky anniversary;
• New Tempshire;
• Sussex;
• Hercules;
• Aarschotz;a
• Dominic;
• Oravka;

These breeds can be used both in households and in large farm enterprises.

egg breeds

Many types of chickens of the egg direction have been bred to obtain eggs. Many of them have common characteristics:

• little weight;
• fast development;
• large tail and wings.

To get a high egg production rate, birds need a balanced diet.

Minorca

Since the breed is whimsical to the conditions of detention, it is not grown in large industries. Minoroc has a black color.

They are mainly bred for subsidiary farms and farms.

The body weight is small: for a cockerel - 3 kg, for a laying hen - 2.5 kg. The egg production rate is 170 pieces per year.

Hamburg

The annual productivity of a chicken is 220 eggs.

Elegant appearance distinguishes birds of this species

In terms of weight, the hen - 1.8 kg, the cockerel - 2.5 kg.

Italian partridge

Outwardly, these are very beautiful birds of gray-brown shades.

The annual productivity is quite high - 180 - 240 eggs with a laying hen weighing up to 2 kg, her partner - up to 3 kg.

dwarf

Chickens are small, which is economically beneficial for keeping in subsidiary farms.

With a small weight, a laying hen can lay 170 eggs per year

Interesting: This breed is grown due to its high productivity.

On farms, such breeds are grown for obtaining eggs, such as Leggorn, Russian White, Andalusian.

Crosses of chickens

The Lohmann company is breeding new areas of crosses that have a different color of plumage and eggshell.

The most popular among them is broken brown. It is characterized by high productivity due to egg production, which reaches almost 320 eggs per year with an average bird weight (3 kg for a rooster, 2 kg for a hen).

Popular crosses are Shaver Brown, Loman White, Hisex Brown, Hisex White.

rare breeds

Ga Dong Tao

The breed originated in Vietnam. Known for the thick (elephant) legs of the bird.

Chickens have thick legs

Ayam Tsemali

Central Java is the birthplace of this unusual breed (black chicken).

It is notable for the fact that the whole body of the bird is black.

It is noteworthy that Ayam Tsemali is considered the most expensive breed in the world (the cost of a chicken is from 2.5 thousand dollars).

Silk

Silk chickens are from China. These are birds with beautiful decorative external signs.

These are birds with beautiful decorative external features.

They have brown-blue skin, grayish-black meat, black bones (they are also called "crow-bone chickens"). Adult males reach a maximum of 1.5 kg of live weight.

Bald

Israeli geneticists bred completely bald chickens.

Chickens have good egg production, a massive muscular body structure. The breed belongs to the meat type of productivity.

Despite the fact that there are many diverse breeds in the world, breeders continue to work on breeding new, more progressive species.

Watch an interesting video about the giant chicken of the Brama breed:

Hens Leghorn.

This is the most common breed of egg chickens. Birds are characterized by high egg production, they carry large eggs with pure white shells. Leghorns spend less feed on egg production than other breeds, they are mobile and able to find a lot of food on the run. Chickens of this egg breed are very early maturing: they begin laying eggs at 5-6 months of age and at good conditions feedings continue egg-laying, as a rule, for 10 months.

Chickens of this breed do not have a pronounced incubation instinct. It manifests itself only in individual individuals, which has a positive effect on the egg production of the herd.

As you can see in the photo, the body of these egg breed chickens is light, elongated:

According to the color of plumage, there are many varieties: white, partridge, black, fawn. The crest is leaf-shaped, upright in roosters, and hanging down in chickens. Beak and legs yellow color. Earlobes are white, oval. Earrings are red. The back is wide, the legs are not feathered.

Cockerels mature early and can be used for mating from 7-9 months of age, they are ready for fattening and slaughter from 2-3 months of age. The average live weight of roosters is 2.5-2.8 kg, of hens - 1.8-2.2 kg.

Leggorn chickens are distinguished by high egg productivity, not only when kept on range, but also in cages. The average weight of one egg of hens of this breed is on average 55-58 g. The average egg productivity is 220-250 eggs per year. Record figures were also noted - 351 eggs per year.

Chickens Russian white.

This is another egg breed of chickens that deserves a special description. Russian Whites were bred in Russia by crossing Leggorn birds with local breeds. Chickens of this breed have a strong build and are outwardly similar to chickens of meat-egg breeds. They have a long, wide body, the head is somewhat larger than that of leggorns. Feathers are white, beak and legs are yellow. Egg production of chickens is 180-200 eggs per year, egg weight is 60 g, weight of roosters reaches 3.0 kg, chickens - 2 kg.

The breeds of chickens of the meat direction of productivity include the heavy birds of plymouth rock, cornish, cochinchin, brahma, etc.

Plymouthrock chickens.

The breed was created in the USA by crossing black Spanish, white Cochinchins, Dorkings and Javanese blacks. The body of the bird of this breed is massive, has an oval shape. The head is large, with an upright, leaf-shaped crest. The legs and beak are yellow, the plumage is cross-striped, black and white, strictly demarcated stripes alternate on each plume.

When describing this breed of meat chickens, white Plymouth Rocks deserve special attention. The live weight of an adult chicken is 2.7-3.4 kg, of a rooster - 3.6-4.3 kg. Chickens are hardy, well acclimatized. From 160 to 200 eggs are obtained from them per year, the average egg weight is 60 g. The bird reaches puberty at 7 months of age. The incubation instinct is poorly developed. Incubation quality is satisfactory, the hatchability of chickens ranges from 75-80%.

White Plymouth Rocks are the main breed for broiler mothers. Specialized meat lines are characterized by rapid growth, excellent meat quality and meat body structure. Breeding work with this breed is aimed at increasing the intensity of growth in early age, egg productivity.

Hens Cornish.

The breed was bred in England by crossing local breeds of fighting Malay and Azil chickens.

Pay attention to the photo - chickens of these meat breeds are divided into red, white and dark according to the color of their plumage:

The live weight of birds is 3.3-3.6 kg, roosters - 4.2-4.5 kg, egg production is 110-130 pieces, egg weight is 58-60 g. Pullets start laying eggs at 6 months of age. The young are growing and developing well. Chickens of this breed are bred in almost all poultry farms where they produce broilers.

The breed was bred in China in the 9th century. These birds have a rounded body, a small leaf-shaped crest, a small tail, short legs with feathered fingers.

Look at the photo - this breed of chickens has fluffy plumage, fawn, white, black, partridge color:

Chickens are good hens. Egg production 100-120 eggs, egg weight 50-60 g, brown-shelled eggs. Weight of roosters - 4-5 kg, chickens - 3.5-4 kg.

This is one of the best meat breeds of chickens, it was brought from North America and obtained by crossing gray cochinchins with gray Malay chickens. Brama chickens are light and dark. They have a strong, stocky body, a small, stubby crest, and thick, feathered legs. Egg production 80-100 eggs, weight - 50-60 g.

The next section of the article presents a photo and description of chickens of meat and egg breeds.

Breeds of chickens of the meat and egg direction differ significantly in productive qualities from the breeds of the egg direction. Due to the versatility of the breeds of these chickens, they are most often bred in household plots. They are quieter, and there is no need for them to build high fences. Egg-laying begins on the 5-6th month after hatching. The incubation instinct is well developed. Among them are rocks: Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Sussex, Moscow Black and Poltava Clay.

Chickens Rhode Island.

This meat and egg breed of chickens was bred in the USA by crossing red Malay and fawn Cochinchins with brown leghorns, Cornish and Wyandotes. The breed was brought to Russia in 1925. Chickens of this breed have a dense, shiny plumage of red Brown, black tail with a green sheen, small wings, strong legs, yellow beak and leaf-shaped crest.

Egg production 180-200 eggs per year, eggs with good incubation qualities; the color of the shell is brown, oviposition begins at 7 months. Weight of roosters 3.5-3.8 kg, chickens 2.7-3.0 kg.

Chickens New Hampshire.

This one of the best meat and egg breeds of chickens was bred in the USA and brought to the poultry farms of the European part of the USSR in 1946. In appearance, they are not much different from Rhode Islands. New Hampshires have lighter plumage than Rhode Islands and higher egg production. This bird has a calm character, so it can be kept in cages.

Hens of this breed of combined productivity have an egg production of 190-210 eggs per year with an egg weight of 62-65 g. Pullets begin laying eggs at 6-7 months of age. The mass of adult roosters is 3.5-4 kg, hens - 2.5-3.0 kg.

As the name implies, this breed of chickens was bred in Moscow. The birds have black plumage with a golden-black mane. The head is broad with a leaf-shaped erect crest.

Egg production 170-200 eggs per year, egg weight 60-65 g; The color of the eggshell is light brown. The mass of roosters is 3.5-3.7 kg, hens - 2-2.5 kg.

The Sussex breed was bred in England in the county of Sussex by crossing local chickens with Dorking, Cornish, White Cochinchin, Ornington and Light Brahma chickens. There are several varieties of these birds. When describing this meat and egg breed of chickens, it is worth highlighting the light Sussexes: their plumage color is silvery white; mane feathers with a black stripe and a white border; black tail feathers inner surface flight feathers of the wing is also black.

Chickens have well-defined meat qualities, egg production is quite high. The comb is leaf-shaped. The live weight of adult roosters is 3.3-3.5 kg, chickens - 2.5-2.8 kg.

Egg production for 12 months 180 eggs, egg weight 60-62 g. Incubation qualities are good. The chickens are well preserved. By the age of 70 days, their live weight reaches 1.2 kg.

The breed is bred in many areas and is used in the creation of egg lines with colored egg shells, as well as as a mother form in the production of broilers.

These chickens are bred in the Poltava region, bred in Ukraine. The color of their plumage is from light to dark fawn, the tips of the flight feathers and tail are black.

As can be seen in the photo, the crest of this breed of meat and egg chickens is rose-shaped or leaf-shaped:

The live weight of chickens is about 2.2 kg, roosters - 3 kg. Egg production 190-200 eggs. In the direction of productivity, Poltava chickens are more inclined towards the egg type. Egg lines have been created and are being improved, the birds of which are used to obtain hybrids.

In the conditions of large-scale, industrial-scale production of eggs or chicken meat, not pure breeds are used, but highly productive hybrids obtained with their use. Hybrid poultry are the best cross-breeds of chickens, geese, turkeys, etc., the product of purposeful, painstaking, expensive work to create specialized ones for one important breeding trait (egg production, egg weight, growth rate of young animals, feed costs, adaptability to industrial technology, etc.) lines, followed by checking them for positive compatibility.

Crosses of lines created in this way, which receive the appropriate name, are widely used in large-scale egg production or for the production of broiler chickens. Thus, young broilers are a hybrid bird obtained by using 2-3-4 lines specialized for different productivity, obtained on the basis of the corresponding breeds, one or another direction of productivity. The word "broilers" - comes from the English. to broil - fry over an open fire, and is associated with a meat product fast food and in no way connected with the concept of breed. It is a product of their use for the purpose of hybridization, i.e., obtaining and practical use of such a biological phenomenon as heterosis, or hybrid strength, which indicates the superiority of the offspring over the original parental forms in important breeding traits.

Specialized lines and crosses of the best egg and meat breeds of chickens are created in specialized research centers in Russia and countries near and far abroad.

Poultry farms in Russia in the egg direction of productivity are currently working with a number of foreign and domestic crosses. The main among them are Lohmann-brown, Dominant brown D-102, Borki-117. The following is a description of these breeds of cross-hens.

Chickens Cross Lohmann-brown.

When creating a hybrid, the Rhode Island breed was mainly used, this is a four-line hybrid. The main characteristics of the cross are given in the table "The main productive features of the hybrids of the Lohmann-brown cross".

Table "Main indicators of meat and egg productivity of cross-country chickens Lohmann-brown":

Cross Dominant brown D-102.

Hybrid bilinear. Paternal line B refers to the Red Rhode Island breed, and line M to the White Rhode Island breed.

Chickens of the final hybrid are adapted to harsh conditions. Their egg production under optimal conditions of keeping and feeding reaches 280-290 eggs. for 72 weeks of life, with an average egg weight of 61-62 g in the table "Productivity indicators of the cross Dominant brown D-102".

Table "Productivity indicators of cross-breed chickens Dominant brown D-102":

A two-line hybrid, created at the Poultry Research Institute (Borki) in 1997. The paternal form was created on the basis of the White Leggorn breed (line 20), and the mother form was created on the basis of the Rhode Island breed (line 38). Laying hens of the final hybrid lay eggs with a colored (brown) shell, are distinguished by calm behavior, have a fairly high productivity (in the table "Indicators of the productivity of the original lines of the Borki-117 cross"), increased resistance to Madder disease, quickly increase their live weight, are well adapted to keeping in a cell battery.

Table "Indicators of the productivity of the initial lines of cross-breed chickens Borki-117":

Created on the basis of specialized lines: paternal - 38 (Rhode Island red) and maternal - 68 (White Rhode Island) (in the table "Productivity indicators of the Borki-color cross-country bird").

A number of other crosses are also used, including foreign selection - ICA Brown, Highline, Tetra SL, etc. These crosses are more demanding on the technological regime and have very high productivity. So, at the age of 135-140 days, the hens of these crosses reach 50% of egg production, the egg production rate reaches 300-312 pcs. with an average egg weight of 63-64 g and feed costs per 1 kg of egg mass - 2.06-2.2 kg.

Table "Indicators of meat and egg productivity of chickens of the Borki-color cross":

Indicators	Line 38	Line 68	Hybrid
Egg production, pcs.
Weight of eggs at the age of 52 weeks, g
Live weight of chickens at the age of 52 weeks, kg
Laying safety, %			Cross Borki-color was created on the basis of specialized lines: paternal - 38 (red Rhode Island) and maternal - 68 (white Rhode Island).
egg color	brown	brown	brown

For the production of broiler chickens, crosses are used: Change, Arbor-Aker 3, Cobb-500, Dominant, Gibro, Broiler 65, etc.

At 5-7 weeks of age, the chickens of these crosses reach a live weight of more than 1.6 kg, with feed costs of 2-2.2 kg per 1 kg of growth. Modern hybrids reach under certain conditions (due to biologically active additives) during this period 2.5 kg.

Any person who is engaged in farming understands that it is quite difficult to choose a chicken for obtaining eggs. But if you navigate and understand this topic, you can cope with such a task. It is about the best laying hens that we will discuss in this article. Let's describe the characteristics and features of really worthy breeds that you can keep in your household. The article presents the breeds of laying hens with photos and names.

Chickens for eggs

At the moment, a large number of birds are known that are used specifically for collecting eggs. Many species lay large and high-quality eggs. It should be noted that individuals weigh a little. This figure does not exceed 2.5 kg.

Various directions are known. They vary in size. However, this is where the differences end. general characteristics a lot more. The meat qualities of the chicken are completely ignored, since such breeds were bred specifically for obtaining eggs.

It should be noted that these types of birds develop very quickly, in comparison with others. By day 140, individuals are considered adults. Twenty days before this, the chicken is already able to lay.

Moreover, the breeds that will be described below are similar to each other. They all have well developed plumage. The tail and wings stand out noticeably - they have large dimensions. The head may have a straight crest, which usually has seven teeth.

Distinctive features of laying hens

If we talk about breeding birds and getting eggs, then you need to understand which layers will give maximum results. The most suitable are those chickens that are bought in the same area where they will be bred. This factor plays an important role, excluding the goal of obtaining offspring of thoroughbred species. Next, we learn more about good breeds of laying hens. With photos and names, this information will be presented below.

External parameters

Any laying hens differ, as a rule, among themselves in terms of weight. Compared to those bred for meat, they are much lighter, and this, in turn, affects their ability to move. These chickens have good plumage and developed earrings. The comb is leaf-shaped. Special attention should be paid to it, as this is a sign that can tell a lot about a chicken. The rating of the best breeds is presented in this article.

If laying hens that breed for three months have a bright comb, then there will be a lot of eggs. A pinkish hue indicates that the chicken is in poor conditions or is sick with something.

Features of eggs and birds

As a rule, hens that are intended for laying eggs lay large eggs. The shell is white. If the body weight of the bird begins to decrease, then the cost of eggs decreases. Weight - 1.9 kg, no more (according to the standard). If we are talking about mini-hens, then their weight should be within 1.4 kg.

The light weight of the bird does not affect the productivity of the chicken itself. Therefore, it is much more profitable to use small individuals - you can significantly save on the amount of feed used.

Early maturity is another characteristic of all breeds that are designed to lay eggs. What is it connected with? The first eggs appear as early as 4 months after the birth of the chicken. However, during this period, weight indicators have not yet reached their peak, as a rule, they are 10-15% less than those indicators that adult birds already differ in. You need to understand that such hens do not hatch eggs - this is a rarity. If you want to increase the number of individuals, then you should use an incubator.

Rating of the best breeds

In order to choose the right chickens for yourself without making a mistake, you must definitely pay attention not only to external data, but also to what indicators the chicken has regarding egg production. However, if this goal is not pursued, then this information is not so important.

The most popular breed of chicken is the Leghorn. She has all the wonderful qualities that can only be found in all known laying hens.

Worthy of attention are hens that give brown eggs - isa brown. The breed was bred by French breeders. This bird can lay up to 320 eggs per year.

The competition is made up of the following breeds: Russian White, Highsex, Kuchinsky Jubilee, High Line, Brown.

Russian

The name of the breed "Russian White Chicken" already immediately speaks of some of its features. The plumage is white, the body of newly born chickens is covered with yellow fluff. The beak is of the same shade, and the head has small dimensions. The body is quite long and wide. The wings are well developed, have a dense structure. The breed of chickens was bred in specific conditions, so the birds are able to withstand the cold and do not suffer from certain diseases.

The breed has a high level of egg production. In the first 12 months, a bird can lay about 200 eggs. The weight of one unit is 55 grams, and the color of the shell is white.

hisex

If the owner still has not been able to decide on the breed, you need to look at the characteristics of highsex chickens. In 12 months they can produce 300 eggs. For ten pieces, you will need to use about one kilogram of feed. The mass of the egg does not exceed 60 grams. This type of chicken is able to tolerate many diseases well: for example, those caused by infections, helminths and fungi. They are also famous for having good productivity. They do not require any special conditions of detention and excessive attention to themselves.

The breed was obtained experimentally in 1970 in the Netherlands. The selection had some features, so this breed is considered a Leghorn hybrid. There are two varieties: white and brown. The first received a light color, respectively, the second - dark. Productivity is highest in Highsex Brown chickens.

Hisex white

White is small and boned. Individuals of this species may resemble outward signs leghorns. Birds have a characteristic. This is a comb that hangs to the side. The thing is, it's too big. Because of this, he cannot stay in an even, raised state.

Plumage is another feature of these birds. It is silky and pleasant to the touch. Even though these chickens prefer an active lifestyle, they have a calm temperament.

Eggs typically weigh 65 grams. For 12 months, the bird blows up to 280 pieces. The hatchability of still young birds reaches 95%. The shell is white. Females often weigh about 1.8 kg. These birds never hatch their chicks, as this feeling is practically undeveloped in them. Chickens are resistant to infectious diseases. However, this only applies to those that have been bred at home.

This species needs more attention. He needs a good level of content. It is advisable to add some vitamins and minerals to the diet. If you violate any rule of keeping, then the productivity of the chicken will be reduced several times, especially if there are problems with feeding.

line

High-line chickens have a calm disposition. They can easily adapt to completely different living conditions. And productivity from it does not change. The eggs are large in size. They have a durable and reliable coating. After reaching eighty weeks of age, a laying hen will lay about 350 eggs each year.

Kuchinsky anniversary

Chickens of the Kuchinsky jubilee breed have their own characteristics. Despite the fact that this species ideal for laying eggs, it is also used as a source of meat. Many individuals reach a weight of two to three kilograms. The meat has good taste. The protein content in it is much higher than that of broilers. Chickens of the Kuchinsky jubilee breed begin to lay within six months after hatching. About 220 eggs are produced per year. The weight of one egg reaches about sixty grams.

Brown

You should pay attention to the breed, which received the name of the brown. This bird is well acclimatized. She can adapt to any conditions of life. This species was bred by breeders from France.

In one year, isa browns lay about 320 eggs. The shell is brown. One unit weighs 63 grams. The first eggs appear after 135 days. In order for the chicken to develop well, living in a cage, you should give her about 115 grams of combined feed per day.

leghorn

The breed of leghorn chickens (description - below) is represented by small but productive birds. If you look closely at them, you can see that they have an excellent shape and build. The head is pushed forward and the chest is puffed out. During the movement, the chickens look very impressive.

Head standard sizes. The comb is leaf-shaped. Earlobes are of normal type. They are of a light shade, the body is as light as possible. The paws are of medium length, and the chest is quite wide. At the same time, the weight of chickens does not exceed 2 kg, males - 2.6 kg. In a year, birds are capable of producing three hundred eggs. Leghorns calmly adapt to the climate and living conditions. They are hardy and active in laying eggs. A description of the leghorn chicken breed will allow the farmer to make a choice.

They start laying eggs at the age of five months. The first 360 days are considered the most productive. Most often, the eggs are large, and it is this breed that has a high level of fertility.

If a farmer needs really high-quality and worthy birds, then this breed should be considered first.

broken brown

This breed of chickens is capable of producing about 320 eggs per year. The active period can last up to 80 weeks. All eggs have a good shell density, they are large, brown. Loman brown is popular with farmers.

Tetra

If we highlight the features of this breed of birds, then it must be said that they give eggs already at the 21st week of life. About 250 pieces are produced per year. These figures are quite high, so the breed is in demand.

The comb differs in that it has the shape of a leaf. The beak is strong and strong, and the tail is small. The legs are not particularly long, they are white or yellow. The body is of medium size.

Tetra SL

Description and characteristics have already been given, but many are interested in the SL subspecies. This chicken is not very common among ordinary household farmers, but its performance is impressive. For the year it is capable of producing 310 pieces. Outwardly, individuals look in the most ordinary way; the expression pied chicken is applicable to them like no other.

If you properly feed the bird, then it will rush all year every day. In order to ensure this, calcium should be added to the feed. It is as necessary as light. The latter should go to the places where birds are kept. Brown eggs. Weight - 65 g. Often these birds are also used as meat breeds. This is due to the fact that chickens gain weight quite quickly, although not too much.

A special plus of this breed is that you can sort the chicks immediately after hatching. This is done according to the color of the downy coating. The females are brown or fawn in color. They have a neat comb, a large tail and a tucked head. Roosters, after hatching, are white, black or even gray. After growing, they become either completely light or interspersed.

Minorca chickens

The name has nothing to do with the characteristics of the breed. The name of the bird was given in honor of the place where they were bred. Spanish scientists on the island of Minorca managed to deduce the new kind. A little later, he fell into the hands of the British and the breed was slightly modified. Egg laying in active mode begins already 5 months after the chicken hatches. For the year they show not too high productivity - only 160 pieces. One Minorca chicken egg weighs about fifty grams.

rhode island

The type, which will be discussed below, has features. Thanks to them, no farmer will be able to confuse these chickens with others. The bird has a pink straight crest, a medium-sized head, and a well-developed body. The chest is wide, as is the back. The last one is pretty strong. Paws are yellow.

The coloration of these birds is another feature of the breed. At the base, the feathers are red with brownish patches, and at the tips they are dark. If the edge of the feather is not light, then this bird is a purebred.

This breed carries the golden gene. What benefits does it provide? When breeding a bird, immediately on the day you can determine its gender and select the necessary individuals. Chickens have a spot on the back of their heads.

In one year of life, individuals are able to produce 200 pieces. The eggs are brown, their weight is 58 g. In addition to the fact that egg production is high, these chickens are also characterized by a well-developed incubation instinct.

new hampshire

This breed was derived from Rhode Island. It differs in that it has a specific color and physiological requirements. This species is designed to increase the number of healthy chicks and the volume of eggs produced. Moreover, the breeders completed this mission successfully. The hen starts laying eggs as early as 3 months after hatching. The total weight of one unit of the product is 65 g. The eggs are brown.

Besides the fact that chickens have an excellent egg production rate, they also tolerate climate changes well. Their fertility is at a high level - 80%. It will be very easy to keep this type of chickens, as they are calm and get along well in cages. The breed is large. Adults reach 3 kg, males - 4 kg.

Hamburg

It is difficult to choose which chickens are the best, but many make ratings based on the intensity of laying and the appearance of the bird. The Hamburg breed will look as elegant and beautiful as possible. The scallop is pink, you can see that one tooth is very pronounced. The beak is small, has a blue color. The bird itself has good dimensions, a long body, lush plumage.

The behavior of chickens is active, it is difficult to drive them into cages. The weight of the birds is small - only about 1.5 kg. This indicator is optimal. For the first year, the bird is able to give 180, in the second - 140 eggs. Weight - fifty-five grams. The shell is white.

Ukrainian earflaps

Further, the described breed has its own characteristic features. Birds have scarlet lobes. They are difficult to spot because of their dense plumage. It is still unknown how and under what conditions this breed was bred. We can only say for sure that this is a folk “creation”. These chickens easily and in the shortest possible time get used to the climatic features of the territory in which they live and living conditions. They can safely withstand low temperatures, rain or snow. Laying hens have a voluminous rounded chest, which has good plumage. The body is dense, strong. The back is noticeably straight and wide. Compared to other breeds, this one has an oversized head. A comb is visible at the top. The beak is small, strong. Roosters have a cute fluffy tail, which is decorated with bright feathers. Special conditions for laying hens are not required. Most often, roosters are black. Individuals with bright colors may also come across. For a year, the bird produces about two hundred eggs. The mass of one unit of the product is 60 g. The mass of a chicken is about two kg, and that of a rooster is three kg. The egg is light, the shell has a creamy milky tone. She is strong.

Orlovskaya

It is currently unknown where this breed originated. Birds are beautiful in appearance. They have a fluff of black, chintz shades. Fawn is found on the head and neck. These feathers hang down, so it can feel like the chicken has a beard. The head is small, the nape is wide. The beak, though short, is rounded.

Roosters have a small comb, it is covered with down. Paws are strong and massive. Laying hens are undemanding in care, they are hardy. Chickens can lay 150 eggs in one year. The weight of one piece is sixty grams. shell white or Pink colour. The weight of the chicken is three kg, the rooster is four kg.

Pavlovskaya

These birds were bred in the Gorky region, in the village of Pavlovo. Cocks of the Peruvian type are crossed with shaggy-legged hens with smooth feathers.

The feather cover of this breed is golden or silvery, has black blotches. In one year, a laying hen is capable of producing 120 eggs. Each weighs about 60 g. A chicken can weigh up to 2 kg, a rooster - 2.5 kg. This breed is most often used on home farms.

Pushkin striped motley

This type is experimental. He was bred recently thanks to the crossing of Leghorn roosters and Australorps hens. Birds of this variety are used to produce eggs, but for laying hens their weight is too big. The plumage is striped-variegated, the swelling is white. Roosters have a large number of inclusions on the body. The head of the birds is elongated, the beak is curved, medium in size and has an ivory color. At the top of the head is a crest on which there is a spike. It goes to the back of the head. The top is flat. The comb itself is flat. The eyes of a chicken are expressive, the shell of the eye has Orange color. The lobes are colored in pink shade. The neck is long, and the feathers are in the form of a mane. The body has the shape of a trapezoid. At the same time, the chest of the chicken is wide, planted deep. The back tapers towards the tail. The latter is well developed and set straight. Metatarsus large, while long, have a white tint. The fingers are covered with tights, they are widely spaced. Down dense type. The wings are long, lowered to the ground.

This breed is calm and quiet. Birds quickly adapt to the conditions provided. Survivability is high. The chickens look spectacular. The limbs are long and strong. An adult will weigh 2 kg, a rooster - 2.6 kg. A bird can lay about 200 eggs per year. The weight of each is 60 g. The shell is white or cream-colored.

Shaverov cross

These hens are capable of laying eggs as early as 17 weeks of development. One bird can produce 320 pieces in a year. Already by the 25th week, the breeding efficiency becomes maximum, so the egg-laying period is quite active at this time.

There are no special content requirements. This breed is hardy and not afraid of people. Starting at 18 weeks, the bird should begin to be given a little more food than usual.

Conclusion

In order not to be mistaken with the choice of breed, you should study all the characteristics of certain species before buying. It will be useful to look at the photos of each breed that interests you. Then the owner will definitely be able to choose the most suitable option for himself.

It is necessary to adhere to certain rules. First you need to understand the purpose of buying a bird. For example, for family or friends, for a rare sale or for uninterrupted production. The article presents popular breeds of laying hens, with photos and names.

Do not forget that the premises where chickens are grown are not dimensionless, so when buying, you need to pay special attention to this. Small breeds will fit in a small room in moderation, while large breeds will have to be purchased much less.

The region, precipitation and general climatic features should also be considered. The bird must be adapted to all the nuances or be able to adapt to them.

The availability of breed chicks should also be considered. It should be calculated whether the owner will be able to return the money spent, transportation costs, and so on.

Only after considering all the nuances and features, you can acquire chickens for further egg production. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the literature that will allow you to understand all the intricacies of caring for birds. Should be purchased young. If you follow all the rules, you can get eggs every day throughout the year. All the breeds of laying hens described in the article with photographs and names are capable of such a “work” mode.