4 urea solution how to prepare. How to use urea in the garden and in the garden. Fertilizers for vegetable and fruit crops

He discovered urea In 1773, the French chemist Hilaire Marin Ruel, having isolated a certain compound from a liquid product of human vital activity - urine. That is why the compound was called urea. In 1818, William Prout identified this substance, and in 1828, the German physician and chemist Wehler obtained a substance similar to urea by evaporating ammonium cyanate dissolved in water. Special meaning urea in that it is the first organic compound that was synthesized from an inorganic one, and the history of organic chemistry begins with this event.

What is urea (urea)?

Urea, or urea, is a chemical compound, diamide of carbonic acid. It looks like colorless, odorless crystals that dissolve in water, liquid ammonia and ethanol. Technical urea is a crystal of white or yellow color. Pure urea contains more than 46% nitrogen.

Today, carbamide is used in a variety of industries. In the medical industry, it is a raw material for the manufacture of dehydration agents that remove water from the human body and are prescribed for cerebral edema. Urea is also used for the production of sleeping pills.

The use of urea as food additive E927b enhances the taste and aroma of food products. Most often it is added to bakery products, flour and used in the manufacture of chewing gum.

In the oil industry, urea is needed to remove paraffinic substances from fuels and oils, as well as to clean smoke from the pipes of boiler houses, waste disposal plants and thermal power plants from nitrogen oxides.

But the main part of the substance goes to the needs Agriculture: urea fertilizer, made from carbamide, supplies nitrogen to the soil, which significantly increases its fertility and, therefore, contributes to the growth of crop yields. For example, feeding wheat with urea increases its protein content, as in other crops. Urea has a high activity and is quickly absorbed by plants. The use of urea is necessary primarily at the stage pre-sowing treatment soil and during the period of green mass recruitment by plants, but top dressing with urea during the budding period can subsequently negatively affect the amount of the crop.

Preparation of urea solution

How to dilute urea

A solution of urea is used to feed almost all garden and horticultural crops. Urea is produced in two forms:

• under the marking “A”, raw materials for the production of feed additives for animal food, as well as for the manufacture of glue and resin, go on sale;
• urea is sold under the label "B" for use as a fertilizer.

However, despite the versatility and effectiveness of urea, which is used both as a main fertilizer and as a top dressing, it is very important to observe the correct proportions of urea for each plant when preparing the solution. For example, foliar top dressing with urea ornamental trees and shrubs requires a solution of 18-32 g of urea in 10 liters of water, and spring and summer foliar feeding of vegetable crops with urea is carried out with a solution of 51-62 g of fertilizer in 10 liters of water at a consumption of 3 liters of solution per 100 m² of plantings.

The principle of preparing the solution is very simple: since urea is highly soluble in water, pour the required amount of granules with 2 liters of water and stir until the carbamide is completely dissolved, then add water to the volume required according to the instructions.

Spraying plants with carbamide on the leaves is carried out to achieve the maximum effect compared to applying fertilizer granules to the soil, however, foliar treatment does not replace the root one, you just need to choose the most effective method for each case.

Urea fertilizer - application in the garden

Top dressing with urea

The introduction of urea into the soil is usually used when planting seedlings, although some gardeners prefer this method for further fertilizing, and the leaves are treated with plants only with microelements. Since urea, under the influence of soil bacteria, releases ammonium carbonate, which instantly decomposes in the open air, the surface application of urea granules is not effective. They must be immediately embedded in the soil to a depth of 7-8 cm. In autumn, 60% of the amount of granulated urea required by plants during the season is added to the near-stem circles of trees and bushes for digging in autumn. The remainder of the dose is closed in the spring. In order not to be mistaken in the dosage, you should know that 11 g of granulated urea will fit in one tablespoon, 14 g in a matchbox, and 131 g of urea in a two-hundred-gram glass. After applying dry fertilizer and embedding it in the soil, abundant watering is necessary. If you applied compost or humus to the soil, then the dose of urea should be reduced by a third or half - it depends on the amount of organic matter introduced.

To fertilize the soil for vegetable crops, dry urea is applied in autumn for digging. Fertilizer consumption during the main application for tomato, garlic, potatoes, strawberries, flower plants and fruit and berry crops, depending on the fertility of the soil, is from 130 to 200 g per m² of land, but cucumbers and peas require only 5-8 g per unit area.

Watering with urea

Processing the garden with urea in the form of a solution requires the correct dosage. To water the soil in the area where the roots of trees and bushes are located, you will need a concentrated solution. For example, for one adult apple tree, 200-250 g of carbamide should be dissolved in 10 liters of water, 120-130 g of urea per 10 liters of water will be enough for plums and cherries.

After this article, they usually read

One of the most concentrated nitrogen fertilizers is urea - urea, as it is also called. This is the same organic substance, which contains up to 46% amide nitrogen. Fertilizer is called urea, as it can be obtained from the urine of animals or humans in a natural way. It is the end product of protein digestion in the body.

Carbamide is a chemical substance - diamide of carbonic acid, obtained by the reaction of ammonia and carbon dioxide. The result is urea and water.

Formula of carbamide, appearance of granules, production

In appearance, urea is a fertilizer that looks like ammonium nitrate. Both fertilizers are granular, only urea white color odorless, and saltpeter may have a shade of gray or pink. The formula of carbamide is CH4N2O.

The method of obtaining makes it possible to understand what urea is and how it is made. Production begins with the fact that ammonia and carbon are affected by a pressure of 200 atmospheres. Further, the mixture of both substances enters the compartment, where the liquid form of urea is obtained.

Climbing up the granulation tower, drops of urea break off with the help of a sprayer and fall down. During the fall, they manage to turn into dry fertilizer granules with a crystal lattice.

The substance is packed in plastic bags. It does not absorb moisture and can be transported under any conditions. The composition of urea is absolutely safe and does not require the use of additional protective equipment.

Beneficial features

Carbamide fertilizer in use in the garden has a number of advantages, ranging from economic benefits to benefits for plants. Unlike other nitrogen monofertilizers, it is much cheaper. Compared to ammonium nitrate, it is required 3 times less, and there are more opportunities for use, because saltpeter is used only for application to the soil, and urea is used in the soil and in a foliar way.

In addition to increasing productivity, the solution has the following useful qualities:

• It is used to control pests of agricultural crops and fruit trees. It is applied by spraying on the leaves.

• When foliar method does not cause leaf burn. For top dressing and disease prevention, different concentrations are used.

• It is quickly assimilated by plants, which makes the solution a fertilizer of paramount importance in nitrogen deficiency. The impact occurs within the first two days.

• It is washed out of the soil longer, therefore it is advantageous to use carbamide on sandy and sandy loamy soils, on which other dressings immediately go to the lower horizons and plants cannot reach them.

• Safe for the human body.

• Does not acidify the soil, so plants can receive other nutrients in full.

The absence of chlorine in the composition of urea makes it possible to apply fertilizer in the garden for all plants.

Advantages and disadvantages of urea

Urea is a fertilizer that has found application in many branches of horticulture - ornamental, fruit and vegetable, and also as an insecticide. It has more advantages than disadvantages, because it is a mineral fertilizer with an organic base, which means that plants will absorb urea faster than any other fertilizer.

First, the precautions:

• According to the rules for the production of a quality composition, the content of biuret when it enters the soil should not exceed 1.6%. An excess of up to 3% is allowed if this is a second-class fertilizer.

• It is undesirable to apply large doses to the root zone of plants that have one main root, such as beets.

Its death leads to the death of the whole plant. If the instructions for using urea fertilizer say that the substance is grade 2 or 3, then you need to be careful and put it into the soil 2 weeks before planting.

• It is preferable to immediately make a complete complex - nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium composition. Experience has shown that this leads to more active seed germination and also reduces the possibility of nitrogen overdose.

Now for the benefits:

• The urea solution can be applied at any time - before sowing, during agricultural work and in autumn. During the autumn laying in the soil, the amide form of nitrogen granules is not subjected to leaching and remains in the soil until spring.

• Foliar applications are possible at any time for emergency top dressing if symptoms of chlorosis appear on the leaves of crops. A solution at a concentration of less than 5% is safe for green mass, but should be done in the morning or evening, when the sun has already set.

• With sufficient content in the soil of the enzyme urease (a waste product of microorganisms), urea is completely broken down. Can be used with organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility.

• The greatest effect is observed in regularly irrigated areas.

• It has been proven that carbamide is a fertilizer that does not contribute to the accumulation harmful substances in fruits.

• Easily dissolves in water greater degree digestibility.

It is important to know about urea, that it is a fertilizer that will not do any good if it is scattered over the snow. At low temperatures, soil microorganisms are inactive, so they will not be able to break down the substance.

Video: Urea - properties and applications

Interaction with other fertilizers

It is unacceptable to combine a solution of urea with the following types of dressings:

• dolomite flour;

• furnace ash;

• lime, chalk, gypsum;

• calcium nitrate;

• superphosphate.

The common point is the alkalizing effect of the above top dressings. They are neutralized by the acid that is in the nitrogen fertilizer, so none of them will be useful. If urea is used as a nitrogen substance, the use of alkaline dressings must be calculated in time.

Calcium nitrate, together with carbamide, contributes to a strong acidification of the soil, therefore, together they can only be applied on alkaline soils or if lime has been added to the soil in large quantities and the plants do not feel well.

Phosphorite flour interacts well with acidic substances.

Carbamide is suitable for its splitting, so you can use them together without harming the plants. Ammonium sulfate with urea interacts well and benefits in a short time.

Under the root, urea fertilizer is used in the garden with the following additives:

• potassium - sulfate, chloride and potassium nitrate;

• nitrogen - sodium and ammonium nitrate;

• can be added to manure when laying a compost heap.

Important! Monophosphate with carbamide help to lower the pH of the soil - not used together

Methods for feeding plants with urea

The main need of plants for nitrogen comes in the spring, when there is an active build-up of green mass. Actual use of carbamide (urea) at the moment by the root method. To save money, you can add the substance directly to the well.

If the moment was missed and signs of chlorosis appeared on the leaves during growth, the most fast way will spray crops foliarly.

Autumn laying in the ground can be carried out, but it is not so effective, because during the winter nitrogen decomposes and its main part - ammonia - escapes into the atmosphere without benefit.

Only a small portion goes to microorganisms for nutrition. This is good because the amount of urease, an enzyme released when soil organisms die, increases in the soil.

Signs of nitrogen starvation in plants

How to determine that plants need nitrogen:

• the aerial part develops poorly - thin shoots, light green small leaves;

• yellowing of the foliage increases with a lack of watering;

• ties fall off.

Chlorosis also begins with a lack of iron. You can distinguish by observing the plants during the day:

• with a nitrogen deficiency, the leaves do not fade during the day;

• with iron deficiency - sag under the rays of the sun.

Yellowing begins with old leaves, then passes to young shoots.

Root top dressing

When laying dry carbamide in the soil, the soil must be well shed with water. If the plants are already planted, then a recess is made between the rows or around the stem and granules are poured there - from 50 to 100 g per 10 square meters .

You can prepare a nutrient solution and pour under the root - 200 g per 10 liters of water. Quantity enough for an area of ​​​​10 square meters. m. Water in the recess around the stem. If you count for 1 plant, then you need 3 g carbamide per 1 liter of water.

When planting, urea is added to the hole at the rate of 4 - 5 g per plant. The fertilizer should be mixed with the soil at a depth of 10 cm.

Berry bushes are fertilized with a solution 70 g of substance per 1 plant. For fruit trees depending on age you need from 100 to 250 g of urea, introduced into the near-trunk circle.

Foliar top dressing

The foliar method is more suitable for the absorption of urea by plants. The period of its decomposition is from 2 to 4 days, while the active substance immediately falls on the part that most needs to be fed.

Interesting! After 2 days in tissues garden plants the amount of protein increases sharply after the use of urea

For area treatment V 20 square meters vegetable crops are taken no more than 50 g of urea per 10 liters of water. For fruit trees and shrubs - 100g / 10 l.

Against pests and fungus

• nematodes;

• leaflet caterpillar;

• butterfly-turnip;

The air temperature must be at least 5 degrees.

Fungal infections that can be destroyed with urea:

• powdery mildew;

• anthracosis;

• scab.

The best time to fight the fungus is autumn. It is possible to destroy most of the spores and weaken the rest, which will be destroyed by frost.

How to use carbamide for vegetable crops

Cucumbers and tomatoes require top dressing at the stage of planting seedlings. Carbamide is added to the hole 5 - 10 g along with superphosphate. The soil is watered and further root dressing with urea is not carried out. You can spray on the leaf if they change color to a lighter one.

When planting cabbage, urea is not used, but is suitable for the first feeding - 3 weeks after planting. Enough 30 g per 10 liters of water.

Important! The first top dressing is necessary if fertilizers were not applied during planting.

For potatoes, you need to prepare the soil in advance. Is taken 2 kg of substance per 1 weave and is brought 2 weeks before planting tubers.

There are different opinions of scientists about the advisability of using carbamide, there are even opponents. Nevertheless, the results showed that plants fed with this fertilizer grow healthy, strong and abundantly fruiting. Plus, urea is a very inexpensive drug that any summer resident can afford.
Many gardeners are wondering if it is really necessary to use this fertilizer? There are a number of visible signs by which you can determine whether plants have nitrogen starvation:

Its disadvantage is its high hygroscopicity and tendency to thicken. These are white anti-caking granules, which are obtained by the synthesis of ammonia and carbon dioxide. It is suitable for basic fertilization even as a solution during the growing season. Good efficiency is to limit possible losses by volatilization, so it must be applied quickly to tillage after application. The basic fertilizer is suitable for all crops. Urea sprays can be combined with many pesticides.

Concentrated nitrogen fertilizer for basic fertilization before sowing or planting and for fertilization during vegetable vegetation. After fertilizing the soil surface with base fertilization, it is recommended to fertilize the soil by cultivation.

• very slow growth;
• a change in the color of the tops or leaves (turn pale, turn yellow, become stained) or even begin to fall off;
• trees or shrubs have weak shoots;
• the ovary is small or very weak, the same with flower buds on fruitful trees.

We offer either crystalline or granular fertilizers, both forms of fertilizer are easily soluble in water. We prefer it to crops that tolerate an acidic soil reaction such as oats, rye, potatoes. Because of its high sulfur content, it is a convenient fertilizer for sulphur-tolerant crops.

The recommended doses are informative only, it is necessary to take into account the nutrients in the soil, the level of yield and the like. After a frosty start to the week, we must slowly but surely prepare for the peach-related warming and spraying. This is the right time when we can go down to the lowlands to sprout fruit trees.

2 Foliar feeding - when and how to fertilize the leaves?

They resort to urea as needed, spraying will not hurt when the leaves fall and turn yellow, the ovaries die, etc. To do this, we dilute 50 grams of fertilizer per 10 liters of water. The best time for this procedure is morning and evening. Apply the carbamide dissolved in water with a sprayer to the leaves. Don't worry, the leaves themselves won't be harmed. In early spring, another spraying session will be required to protect the garden from pests. For such purposes, carbamide is combined with copper sulphate.

Peach Pearl - What You Need to Know

What spray did we use in this article. It is caused by pink spongy fungus. From it life cycle it follows that in the case of a tree attack, chemical protection necessary in the fall, after the fall of the leaves. This is the first wave of the fight against this malevolent disease that attacks trees without age. In winter, if the temperature rises for at least several days in a row by more than 8 degrees, another spray wave appears, which we repeat until the explosion. This treatment is carried out with the help of copper preparations, which should not fall into the green leaf area.

Sometimes you can meet with the irrational use of urea. Some summer residents simply scatter it on the snow or on a rainy day. They believe that in this way the fertilizer is more efficient and penetrates the soil faster. This is a totally wrong opinion. Precipitation washes it away and useful substances will not reach their destination - deep layers of soil.

Then we use organic fungicides. Brittleness is a very dangerous infection for a tree. There are numerous leaf deformations due to yellow-brown to red vesicles. From the blade, the blade twists and falls. The tree will use a lot of energy to put the leaves into new ones and they won't even bloom or fall off very soon. If you are still getting fruits, they will be slightly and very distorted, mostly non-consumable. Very strong infections can even kill the tree.

Wood support in anti-curl

If possible, buy durable varieties that you care about. In general, earlier varieties are much less likely to reproduce. But then it is the fruits of white color, which are especially suitable for direct consumption. A healthy tree with enough nutrients often resists a possible attack much better. We recommend foliar fertilizer, sprinkle with urea or just before the leaves fall and water the tree with a water-soluble crystalline fertilizer at least once a month during the growing season.

Of course, all the most nutritious and important elements for life are obtained from the soil. But under certain unfavorable conditions, they become insufficient for fruiting. For example, at low temperatures or drought. In such cases, farmers recommend using carbamide. Despite the high efficiency and good yields after such treatment, we note that this is a minor type of plant nutrition.

Especially in the case of peaches, it is necessary to maintain the size and quality of the fruit with fruit tree fertilizers. The soil in which the tree grows is also very important. There are many toddler tips that can be said to help with curly hair. If you are a bio-information avid believer, try standing up from a horsetail spring and under a tree, squeezing sauerkraut or horseradish.

Then every advice is expensive and above all unwilling, we need to use chemical spraying. We covered this topic in the latest Curiosity article, you can find it here. In the event of heavy rains or immediately after fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers, is there a risk of them leaching into the soil? How big is the loss of nitrogen if there is no precipitation after the application of urea nitrogen fertilizers? Which nitrogen fertilizer is recommended for late application of grain fertilizers? What is the time between carbonate correction and mineral nitrogen application? What form of nitrogen is recommended for the first fertilization of grain in the spring? . In the case of heavy precipitation, the shape of the land and the amount of precipitation that fall per unit of time and surface are very important.

The meaning of foliar feeding is that leaves are processed with fertilizer dissolved in water. Most often this is done with a sprayer. Nutrients surprisingly quickly penetrate through the foliage, begin to move through all the aortas of plants, supplying much-needed nitrogen there. It has been proven that foliar feeding of vegetables, trees and grains can increase yields by almost 40%.

Behavior of fertilizer in soil

A large amount of precipitation accumulated over short periods of time leads to erosion of the top layer on sloping terrain, creating soil and soil nutrients. If the surfaces are flat, don't worry about washing away surface nutrients. Leaching occurs only in surface soils.

Conversion to nitrate occurs much faster in warm, moist soil conditions than in dry, cold soils. Both ammonia and nitrification form ammonia gas, which can evaporate into the air. The longer the conversion from ammonia to nitrate takes, the greater the loss of nitrogen if urea is not included in the soil. Losses can be 15% or more.

3 We fertilize the garden and vegetable garden with urea

For vegetable crops

Urea must be used carefully, and not according to the principle "the more the better." Do not forget that this is a chemical drug. All vegetable crops, without exception, need nitrogen, but the application for each of them is individual. Foliar top dressing with carbamide is very important for cucumbers, they are quite whimsical. Feed the soil before planting according to the instructions on the package. When the first ovaries appear, be sure to spray with urea to speed up fruiting. If you are growing cucumbers in a greenhouse, they also need top dressing starting from the fifth week and at least twice a month.

But tomatoes require different care. Applying urea before planting is not recommended. Better to use it for foliar feeding by spraying on initial stage leaf formation, and later - ovaries. Zucchini, on the other hand, will be enough to spray twice with a liquid solution of urea during fruit set with an interval of 10 days. And it is better to nourish beets with nitrogen (1 tablespoon of urea) in combination with potassium chloride (15 g) and boric acid(5 g).

For garden plants

The garden is a place of special concern for every summer resident or owner country house. As mentioned above, it is better to start foliar feeding of garden trees with urea before the buds open on them. You will protect the surface of plants from pests and provide them with the necessary dose of nutrition. Later, fertilizer is applied when the shoots are growing. The third time - when the tree is already bearing fruit. You need to prepare the solution according to the instructions, only the numbers are given there and garden scales are not always at hand. But you can calculate the amount of carbamide, knowing that 10 g is 1 tbsp. spoon, 13 g of fertilizer - full Matchbox, and in a standard 200-gram glass about 130 g of urea.

In order to determine if the solution is too strong, first spray the bottom 2-3 leaves. Watch this place for some time, nothing should happen to it.

For grain crops

This fertilizer is very valuable for obtaining a good grain crop. It is also used as rice, barley, buckwheat and others. Due to the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer, the finished grain has a high protein content, which significantly increases its nutritional value. Often grain fields are sprayed with a solution of urea, sometimes it is applied in solid form. He also proved himself excellently when growing potatoes and sugar beets in large areas (fields). Accordingly, the application rate is measured in volumes of hundreds of kilograms. To fertilize wheat, rye and oats, 150 kg of fertilizer is bred per 1 ha of sown area, sunflower requires 120 kg per 1 ha, and corn - 160 kg per 1 ha.

4 How will flowers and pests react to urea?

As soon as warm days are established, garden pests come to life in their slits-minks - weevils, aphids, suckers and others. It is important for gardeners not to miss the time and start spraying trees with urea before they wake up. This must be done year after year.

The concentration of the solution is 500 g of urea per 10 liters of water.

There is no time to relax in autumn either. It is worth taking measures to protect your trees and shrubs from possible diseases. Spraying fertilizer on trunks, branches and leaves is carried out with a solution of the same concentration. You can cultivate the land near a tree, but with a much more liquid solution. The procedure is performed in late autumn, until the temperature drops below +10 degrees and when the foliage has already fallen. Otherwise, you can burn her. By the way, for the destruction of pests on vegetable crops, it is better not to use urea for the same reason - there is a possibility of burning the sheets.

Homestead owners often ask if carbamide is suitable for. Undoubtedly! Both garden flowers and indoor plants will benefit from this fertilizer. For example, the rose queen likes to get nitrogen during a profuse bloom, so urea can be applied every two weeks as a weak spray solution. Carnations need to start feeding a month and a half after planting every seven days. Perennials can be sprayed with urea once a month. Even an ordinary lawn will delight with its bright greenery if you start spraying this fertilizer on it. The main thing is not to harm, so read the instructions on the package.

Spraying garden trees with urea is cyclical. The dates of its holding change annually, which can only be calculated using the lunar calendar. The lunar month lasts 30 days and consists of phases. Phases 1 and 2 - new moon and waxing moon. At this time, the power of the trees is in the ground part. 3 and 4 phases - full moon and waning moon. All power is in the root part. The change in the phases of the moon is very easy to trace on any wall calendar, in newspapers and on the Internet. It is recommended to get rid of pests without damage to trees only during the 2nd and 4th phases of the moon. The calculation and objectives of spraying by months and seasons are divided into cycles.

Urea (or carbamide) is the fertilizer containing the largest amount of nitrogen (46%) of all currently existing fertilizers. Outwardly, it is a gray, white or yellowish granules. Used in dissolved form. The concentration of urea in the solution depends on the purpose for which the solution will be used. So, how to prepare a solution of urea for different cycles of processing garden trees from insect pests? For treatment in the first cycle, a 5-7% solution is used: dilute 500-700 g of urea in 10 liters of water. It should be noted that spraying is carried out before the buds swell. For the treatment of trees in the II cycle, a 0.2-0.5% solution is used: dilute 20-50 g of urea in 10 liters of water.

The solution for treating trees in the III cycle is prepared as follows: pour 300 g of ash with six liters of hot (50-70 ºC) water and leave to infuse for 24 hours, then drain the liquid from the sediment, add 16-20 g of urea and, stirring, bring solution volume up to 10 l. For processing in the IV cycle, a 7% solution is prepared: 700 g of urea is diluted in 10 liters of water. Fallen leaves are sprayed with a 10% solution: dissolve 1000 g of urea in 10 liters of water. In addition to removing insects, the treatment allows you to saturate the trees with nitrogen, which speeds up the process of swelling and budding, fruit ripening. The consumption of the solution depends on the age of the tree. If the age is up to 2 years, then 0.5 liters will be required, from 2 to 5 years - 3 liters of solution, over 5 years - 5.5 liters. Spraying is carried out early in the morning after the dew has disappeared or in the evening before it falls.

Before spraying, you need to make sure that according to the weather forecast, heavy precipitation is not expected in the next day or two, otherwise the treatment will not be effective. For safety, the treatment is carried out in dry and calm weather, using personal protective equipment against chemicals: rubberized gloves, a protective multilayer bandage that covers the nose and mouth, glasses. Clothing should cover the entire body of the gardener. For high-quality and fast processing, trees must be inspected in advance. If moss or lichen is found, cleaning should be done with a metal brush. For the convenience of processing the upper part of the crown and the middle, you need a garden ladder.

Processing is carried out using a pneumatic or pump-action sprayer. When purchasing a sprayer, you need to pay attention to its volume and ease of use. It is desirable that the volume be no more than 10 liters, otherwise it will be difficult to carry it, and the fasteners of the cylinder should be like those of a satchel (hands are freed at the same time). The uniform urea solution for spraying is poured into the spray bottle for spraying. The spray mode is set to fine (in the form of dew). Tree processing occurs from top to bottom. The crown, trunk and branches of a garden tree are carefully processed. It is necessary to avoid getting the solution on the beds with vegetables, as they can be burned with the solution, ruining the crop.

The urea solution is periodically shaken for uniform processing. Spraying is carried out immediately on the entire garden plot in order to avoid the transfer of pests to neighboring garden trees. For spraying efficiency, the sprayer tip must be at least 0.7-0.8 m from the treated surface. The solution must necessarily fall not only on the outer, but also on the inner side of the leaves. At the end of the treatment, wash your hands and face thoroughly with soap. It is preferable to send clothes to the laundry. Upon completion of work, the sprayer must be disassembled, washed, dried, and only after that all the parts must be reconnected: a hose, a tip and a bottle for solutions in order to prepare for further operation.

An experienced gardener and gardener does not forget to apply various fertilizers to his plants to help grow a healthy fertile plant. It is especially important to fertilize the soil for the plant in spring and autumn. On modern market you can find many types of "feeding" for plants and for the soil. Carbamide is in special demand - it is also called urea. As with all fertilizers, urea must be applied correctly so as not to harm the plant. Check out detailed instruction on the use of urea in the garden and vegetable garden.

Among the variety of fertilizers for the garden, used both in spring and autumn, Carbamide or urea is widely known. This fertilizer is in the form of white granules containing 46% nitrogen. Urea is the richest nitrogen-containing fertilizer, has good solubility and lacks any odor. As the temperature rises, it increases the property of solubility. It is easy to appreciate the importance of using urea in horticulture and horticulture, knowing the importance of nitrogen fertilizer for all types of plants.

Urea fertilizer is used for:

• growth activation,
• getting bountiful harvests,
• keeping plants healthy.

Urea good helper in the garden and orchard. Thanks to this approval, the plants gain color well, have a bright green color, and bring a rich harvest.

It is worth taking seriously the treatment of soil and plants with urea. Lack of nitrogen leads the plant to a depressing state, the appearance of barren flowers, respectively, to a poor harvest. Some plant species may simply die due to a lack of nitrogen. It is also important not to overdo it with urea fertilizer. An excess of nitrogen also negatively affects the development of the plant. You should carefully read the dosage of urea for each type of plant.

Carbamide - instructions on how to apply fertilizer correctly

The best time to till the soil with urea

Most best time for the introduction of carbamide into the soil is the period of flowering of garden plants and before the fruiting of garden crops.

By this time, the soil has been sufficiently depleted, and the most obvious signs of a lack of nitrogen in plants can be traced. It is worth choosing calm weather after heavy rainfall: this way nitrogen will penetrate deeper layers of the soil. Before planting, it makes no sense to use urea, since nitrogen particles are quickly washed out of the soil by precipitation.

When a plant needs urea fertilizer

During the development of the plant, it is important to be attentive to its appearance. The condition of the plant will tell you if fertilizer is needed. Having decided to use urea, you need to make sure that nitrogenous fertilizers are needed. Nitrogen deficiency affects appearance plants:

1. The plant is in the sprout stage for a long time (does not grow into a mature plant);
2. A mature plant has small shoots, there are bare branches;
3. The leaves are unformed, have white pigmentation, often fall off.

If the plant does not have the above characteristics, grows well and has a rich green color, do not rush with urea fertilizer.

Urea can also be used to prevent the lack of nitrogenous elements in the soil. It is not necessary to wait for obvious signs of nitrogen deficiency. Prevention will help improve the condition of the plants and precede the decline in yields.

What causes excessive application of urea?

Any fertilizer is good in moderation. Excessive passion for "feeding" plants can lead to negative consequences. Strict observance is mandatory: the proportions of fertilizer, the time of application to the soil, and most importantly, the need for fertilizer. Excessive enrichment of the soil with nitrogen can lead to a deterioration in the condition of the plant, affects its fruiting and growth. The entire plant may die. In order not to harm the plant, you should carefully read the detailed instructions for using urea as a fertilizer.

How to use urea as a fertilizer

Urea is widely used both in the garden and in the vegetable garden. It is suitable for fertilizing all plants. There are also different ways to use it:

1. urea solution. A certain amount of carbamide is dissolved in water and watered the soil near the plant.
2. Application in the form of granules. The granules are introduced into the soil at a shallow depth, into pre-moistened soil.
3. Planting fertilizer. When planting a plant, several urea granules are placed in the hole.
4. Spraying plants. Urea is dissolved in water, after which the plant itself is processed.

The variety of ways and ease of use of urea gives it an advantage over other fertilizers.

Dosage of fertilizer for different crops in the garden

1. Fruit trees

Feeding trees with urea is an important procedure in every garden. No matter how fertile the earth is, over time, its beneficial substances are washed out, dissolved and disappear. To get a wonderful harvest, with large ripe fruits, it is necessary to spray the garden with urea.

fuel fruit trees urea follows three times per season:

1. Spraying trees when the first green appears in early spring
2. Application to the soil in the form of a solution during flowering
3. Application to the soil in the form of granules during the period of fruit ripening.

When using urea as bait, the following tips should be followed:

• Fertilize apple trees in early spring after the first heavy rainfall. The ground should be completely thawed and well-moistened, which will allow easy penetration of nitrogen into the soil.
• It is worth stepping back from the tree trunk 0.5 meters, trying to spread the urea under the crown of the tree. The foliage of the tree will create a shadow barrier, thereby preventing the rapid breakdown of nitrogen into trace elements from the sun's rays.
• Urea is not used mixed with other types of nitrogenous fertilizers, they can react with each other and harm the tree.

For each type of tree, there is its own fertilizer rate:

Apple tree

Apple trees are unpretentious and resistant to various climate changes. They can fully develop on scarce soil surfaces. But to get a quality harvest, you still need to take care of apple trees.

SPRING	In early spring, top dressing of apple trees is done in the form of introducing granules into the soil. A certain amount of granules is introduced into the soil, a small depression previously made. If you measure the number of urea granules in grams, you get 150g per tree. After the introduction of granules, the soil is moistened.
SUMMER	by the most effective method The use of carbamide for apple trees is tree spraying. Spraying is carried out during the flowering of the apple tree, before the fruit set. So the leaves of the tree quickly receive and assimilate the introduced nutrients, as well as in the rapid provision of assistance to an already sufficiently affected plant. For young apple trees use 0,3% carbamide solution, and for mature trees 0,5% solution. The apple tree has large fruits, thus requiring a higher concentration of carbamide compared to other trees.
AUTUMN	In the autumn, it is worth refraining from feeding apple trees with urea. Nitrogen concentration in winter period reduces the winter hardiness of the apple tree. This can lead to a deterioration in vegetative function and the absence of fruits.

Pear

A pear tree has few differences from apple trees. In their structure, they are similar, since they belong to the same family, thus the features of caring for them are the same. But there are also some differences.

SPRING	In the spring, a pear requires a three-time enrichment with nitrogen-containing fertilizer. - We make the first complementary foods during the swelling of the kidneys. Top dressing is introduced by the root method. Just like apple trees, pear trees should be fed after the first rainfall, applying fertilizer to moist, loosened soil. The quantitative composition of the fertilizer applied to the soil for pear-shaped trees is 100 grams for one tree. Urea fertilizer improves pear root saturation with useful substances. - After the appearance of the first inflorescences, it follows that it conducts a second feeding of the pear, which completely repeats the first. Nitrogen will help the tree to pick up as many buds as possible and prevent them from falling. The main thing is not to miss the moment. When the inflorescences are fully opened, the third fertilizer is carried out with urea. - Fertilizing pears during the fall of the ovaries allows you to improve the quality (both external and taste) of pear fruits. The third time, a smaller amount of carbamide is used so as not to harm the tree. The dosage of urea is reduced to 50 grams, or even 30 grams per tree. It is important to moisten the soil well and step back from the tree trunk 0.5 meters.
SUMMER	IN summer period foliar feeding of the pear tree should be carried out - spraying the crown of the tree. In a severe drought or vice versa, a rainy summer, spraying will help to quickly deliver nitrogenous substances than with root fertilizer. added to the sprayer a solution of 100 grams of urea per 10 liters of water and the pear tree is processed by him. It is especially important to carry out summer pear feeding if signs of nitrogen deficiency are clearly visible.
AUTUMN	A pear, like an apple tree, should not be fed with urea in the fall.

Cherry

The cherry tree has a weaker root system than the apple and pear tree, so the way you apply the fertilizer will be different.

Plum

Plum trees, due to their unpretentiousness, need minimal fertilizer: it has enough trace elements in the soil. But for prevention, it is still worth using fertilizers.

Apricot

Apricot is quite a whimsical tree. Often it does not take root, and once it takes root, it gives meager, often spoiled fruits. To avoid failure with the cultivation of apricot, you should carefully consider its fertilizer. To strengthen and grow the apricot, as well as for good fruiting, the tree is fertilized with urea.

Urea is the main assistant to any gardener, which helps to get a quality crop and maintain a healthy appearance of trees.

1. vegetable crops

Caring for vegetable crops is different from fruit and berry crops. This is due to their undeveloped root system, thin and low stem. Also, almost all vegetable crops are annuals, which determines their peculiarity in growing and fertilizing. Urea for fertilizing vegetables is used only once during the entire season and only until the fruit ripens. The method of using urea for each vegetable is different:

Type of vegetable	Fertilizer time	Mode of application	Dosage
Garlic	growing season	Root	Potassium chloride is added to carbamide - 10 g of carbamide, 10 g of potassium chloride per 10 liters. water
cucumbers	growing season	Irrigation solution	15 g of urea per 10 liters. water with the addition of 60 g of superphosphate.
tomatoes	During planting	The granules are placed in the well	15 g of carbamide with the addition of 60 g of superphosphate
Cabbage	growing season	Root	A solution of 30 g of urea per 10 liters. water
Potato	Fertilize the soil before planting	The granules are placed in the soil	For 1 hundred square meters of land 2 kg of urea.

Should be more careful with vegetable crops and their fertilizers. It is better to fertilize the soil before planting vegetables so that the concentrate chemical substances managed to dissolve.

The difference between urea and ammonium nitrate

Urea is the main type of fertilizer containing nitrogen in its composition. But there are other nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Among them, ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) is widely known. Despite the similarity of the composition, which includes nitrogen, they have clear differences:

	Urea	Ammonium nitrate
Percent Nitrogen	46%	35% (maximum)
Mode of application	Urea is practically safe to use, has no special storage conditions	Root only
Chemical composition	organic compound	mineral compound
Degree of usefulness	Reacts faster and retains nutrients in the soil longer	Long period of decay into trace elements, rapid leaching from the soil
safety	Root and non-root	Ammonium nitrate can cause a chemical burn (both to humans and plants). The composition is explosive, has special storage conditions

Despite the economical use of ammonium nitrate in the form of fertilizer, which is cheap and economical in its consumption, experienced gardeners prefer urea fertilizer. Due to its explosive nature, ammonium nitrate is difficult to obtain on the regular market, which makes urea very popular among gardeners.

Pros and cons of feeding plants with urea

Urea is one of the most used fertilizers in horticulture. In the garden, urea is also indispensable and is used everywhere. Like any fertilizer, urea has both beneficial features, and negative:

Advantages of urea as a fertilizer

1. Contains a high nitrogen concentration of 46% compared to other nitrogen-containing fertilizers;
2. Easily dissolves in liquid and mixes with other types of fertilizers;
3. The chemical composition of carbamide enriches the soil with microelements;
4. Indispensable in sandy terrain;
5. Trace elements of urea do not sink into the deep layers of the soil;
6. Quickly reacts with soil bacteria and breaks down into trace elements.

Disadvantages of urea as a fertilizer

1. Reduces the concentration of acid in the soil;
2. Rarely used in autumn, only for some plants;
3. Easily washed off by precipitation and quickly dissolved from sunlight;
4. Has a short shelf life;
5. An excess of carbamide leads to the death of the plant.

Despite the shortcomings of urea as a fertilizer, it is practically impossible to replace it with another nitrogen-containing fertilizer. Ease of use, minimum damage to the plant, and most importantly, organic origin are the main winning advantages of urea as a fertilizer.

What gardener has not heard of urea or urea (these are synonyms), because this is one of the most effective and popular nitrogen mineral fertilizers. However, not every summer resident knows all the nuances and rules for using urea in the garden.

After reading this material, you will learn:

• what is urea, how does it look, how much nitrogen does it contain and in what form;
• how to properly apply urea in the garden and vegetable garden: what are the methods of fertilizing (for the main application to the garden, as well as root and foliar top dressing);
• what are the norms for applying this nitrogen fertilizer for feeding certain crops;
• how to use urea for garden uprooting in spring and fall.

Urea (urea) - this is the most popular mineral nitrogen fertilizer (in second place -).

Moreover, carbamide is most concentrated nitrogen fertilizer ( 46% nitrogen).

Urea contains nitrogen in amide form. The chemical formula is (NH 2) 2 CO, carbonic acid diamide.

Carbamide is produced in the form white granules.

It is used as a nitrogen fertilizer for all crops on all types of soil (read more about application features and dosages below).

Humatized urea

Now available for sale humated urea. It differs from the usual one by the presence potassium humate, which increases the growth of the ground and root parts of plants, increases the resistance of plants to adverse environmental influences, diseases and pests, increases the yield of products, and reduces the content of nitrates. Also, humate makes it possible to increase the efficiency of assimilation of the mineral components of the fertilizer by transferring them into a form more accessible to plants.

When and how to apply urea in the garden and vegetable garden:methods and rules for fertilizing

Terms and methods of making

Nitrogen in amide form It is best absorbed by plants through the leaves. Accordingly, it is optimal to carry out foliar top dressing (spraying) with a solution of urea.

However, urea can also be used for early spring preparation of the beds (applying for digging) And liquid dressings under the root during the growing season.

In other words, urea is used in early spring when preparing a garden bed, when planting seedlings or sowing seeds, as well as in the initial period of vegetation, before flowering / fruiting(from April to mid-July).

Application rules

• Urea does not work at low positive temperatures(optimally - above +10..+20 degrees).

Remember! When it's cold and snowy is entered after warmer — carbamide (urea).

• Carbamide is very dissolves well in water(you can just in water at room temperature or slightly warm, but optimally hot - 50-60 degrees).

• spill liquid mineral fertilizers can only on already wet ground(i.e. after watering) so as not to burn the roots of young plants.
• Urea solution does not burn the leaves(unlike ammonium nitrate), so ideal for foliar application (foliar spraying).
• Unlike ammonium fertilizers (ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate), urea granules need always embed into the soil to reduce the loss of ammonia (nitrogen), because He quickly volatilizes in air.

Note! With the surface application of urea, in other words, if you simply scatter urea granules without embedding into the soil, then in the absence of precipitation (without irrigation), part of the nitrogen in the form of ammonia will simply evaporate. Moreover, this is especially pronounced on soils with a neutral and alkaline reaction.

• Urea does not act immediately, so it can be called slow release nitrogen fertilizer(unlike , which acts almost instantly).

In order for nitrogen in the amide form to become available to plants, some time must pass and a whole chain of chemical and biological transformations must take place (nitrogen from the amide form must pass into the ammonium form and then into the nitrate form).

However! With foliar application (spraying the solution over the leaves), urea begins to act fairly quickly (within 48 hours).

• To urea well digested, the soil must be rich in organic matter(and urobacteria), in other words, its it is advisable to apply along with humus or compost.
• Urea it is not recommended to mix (apply at the same time) with alkaline fertilizers, for example, with or again lime, chalk, since this (reaction) will lead to the loss of ammonia (nitrogen) and allocation bad smell, which in turn can lead to ammonia poisoning of plants = toxic shock(especially true for greenhouses).
• Accordingly, if you alkaline soil, That the use of urea is not recommended.
• If you want to inject urea directly into the well when planting seedlings (or in rows when sowing seeds), then along with it, it is desirable to bring And potassium sulfate(potassium sulfate) and/or .

Application rates

You can always find the calculated dosages for fertilizing and feeding various crops with urea in the instructions on the package.

However, much more often for dosage use matchbox (13-15 gr).

IN faceted glass - 130-150 gr.

To prepare the garden(spread evenly over the surface and quickly embed into the soil):

• For cultivated soils - 20-30 grams. per sq.m.
• For uncultivated soils - 30-40 gr. per sq.m.
• Beets, carrots, cabbage, potatoes - 20-30 gr. per sq.m.
• Tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, pumpkin - 15-20 gr. per sq.m.
• Decorative and flower crops - 15-20 gr. per sq.m.
• Radishes, onions and green crops (greens) - 5-10 gr. per sq.m.

When growing tomatoes and cucumbers in closed ground (greenhouse), the application rate should be increased by 1.5 times, i.e. up to about 20-30 gr.

For root feeding(evenly distribute around the near-stem circle of plants, gently embed into the soil, and then water, or immediately prepare a solution based on 10 liters of water and pour):

• Vegetable crops - 5-15 gr. per sq.m. or 10 liters.
• Berry bushes - 15-20 gr. per sq.m (for smaller strawberries - 10-15 gr).
  

  Strawberries (garden strawberries) can be fed with urea 2 times — spring and summer immediately after harvest.

• Fruit trees - 20-30 gr. per sq.m (in a young tree, the near-stem circle is usually about 1.5-2 m, in an older and fruit-bearing tree - from 3 to 5 m).

For foliar top dressing (spraying on leaves):

• Vegetable crops - 50-60 gr. for 10 liters.

Important! Spraying is carried out strictly before flowering.

• Berry bushes and fruit trees - 20-30 gr. for 10 l.

Solution consumption: 1-2 liters per bush or young tree, for an adult - 5-8 liters.

Note! Top dressing is carried out after flowering (after 5-7 days) and again after 25-30 days.

Spring and autumn eradicating treatments of trees and shrubs with urea

Urea is also often used as fungicide and insecticide for (very first) and (very latest).

As a rule, the urea solution for eradicating treatment is prepared as follows:

• 500-700 grams of carbamide are dissolved in 10 liters of water (preferably initially dissolve in 1-2 liters warm water and then add cold).

Important! 500-700 grams of urea is a high concentration for leaves (they will all burn), but not for bare branches. Therefore, in autumn, processing is carried out after leaf fall (but it is possible earlier), and in spring - before bud break.

• Further to improve the efficiency of eradicating autumn processing garden is also very desirable to add 300-500 grams, and spring - 100-300 gr. .

By the way! Spring treatment with urea also delays bud break and, accordingly, flowering. After all, it is especially important that return frosts have time to pass before flowering.

• For better adhesion of the solution it is also desirable to add 200-250 ml liquid soap(only non-economic) or dishwashing detergents.
• Pour into the sprayer and carry out a thorough treatment of trees and shrubs.

Note! Everyone knows that urea is a nitrogen fertilizer, which means that in the autumn it can provoke the growth of shoots. But due to the fact that the treatment is carried out shortly before the first frosts, urea does not cause any effect other than “eradicating” (fungicidal and insecticidal). Therefore, there is nothing to be afraid of.

Do not be afraid to use mineral nitrogen fertilizers in the garden to feed vegetables, fruits and berries! If in doubt, then bring them along with organics. And this is even desirable: this way urea will work even better.

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