Openings of windows and doors: in timber walls, metal rods are the norm and technology. Royki - a prerequisite in a wooden house Window slats

A house made of timber, according to the customer, should be incredibly warm and cozy by default. A knowledgeable person understands that for this you still need to try. Experienced builders, professionals in their field know firsthand about this. What should be done to make a house made of timber really warm? Let's talk about this and what dangers good, naive customers can face on the way to the dream of a cozy country house.

Warm corner: significance, execution technology and tricks of builders

A warm corner is a way of fastening beams during construction wooden house. Its advantages:

• Eliminates the possibility of cracks;
• Does not blow and let the cold into the room;
• It is easy to perform and takes no more time than other methods.

In addition to this method, “butt-to-butt” are also practiced, in half a tree and dovetail. According to their advantages, a warm corner wins in everything and any normal customer will choose his name for his home. And here the most interesting begins. No, resourceful builders will not dissuade you from such a choice. They will do better (for themselves) - they will call you a tidy sum. But what if you want to get a really warm house? Stay away from these kind people! Conscientious builders will never charge extra for this - this is already their work and you will definitely have time to pay for it. True, in fairness and unnecessary overpayments.

Nagels: making the house even stronger

Nagels are special pins that make the timber “sit in place” even after shrinkage. What is the principle of working with dowels? In order for the result of their use to be positive, you need to follow the order - the pins are installed perpendicularly every two crowns, pre-drilling holes in the timber. That is, they laid it down, fixed it with dowels every 1.5 - 2 meters and again 2 crowns. Pins are made of wood, mostly hardwood. Someone saves and instead of ready-made pins uses improvised means: fittings, pipes or rolled metal. It is undesirable to allow this - it is impossible to predict the consequences 100%.

Today you can often hear that dowels are outdated and completely irrelevant technology. But the fact remains - it is this method of joining logs or timber that remains the most reliable. Moreover, it has stood the test of time.

Royki: working with window and door openings

Another important stage in construction is working with swarms. Usually, these are bars measuring 50x50 mm. A groove is sawn in the wall, namely, in the opening. This is where the rods are inserted. They will help keep the wall stable. In order for the shrinkage process to pass without consequences even with swarms, it is necessary to leave about 2 centimeters above the bar in window opening, and 5 - in the door. This space is enough for the bars to fall into place. If you do not leave space, one of the logs or beams will hang and thereby provoke the appearance of a gap. What warm house if there are gaps in it?

But this technology should not be neglected. If the rods are not installed, the deformation of the wall at the opening is inevitable.

Builders' mistakes: real and possible

In order not to learn from your mistakes and the mistakes that will be made during the construction of your house, look at others. A very real picture: a wooden block was installed in the window opening as a rod. Shrinkage has passed, and the wall has bent and become convex. What's wrong? The fact is that the wooden rod collapsed and simply ceased to fulfill its task - to strengthen the opening. To avoid such an unpleasant situation, give preference to metal rods. It is especially important to use them when strengthening doorways– there is much more workload.

Maybe this: greedy workers offer you to install swarms for a certain amount. You, of course, out of ignorance, will refuse. Why pay extra money? After all, "and so it will stand normally." This absolutely cannot be done! Maybe in the first year nothing will happen to the walls. But after all, a house is not built for a year, not for 5, and not even for 10 years! Think ahead and play it safe - install swarms. Just not for a fee. Now we'll tell you why.

Forewarned is forearmed

Be careful about offers to make high-quality cuts for money or for a "symbolic" fee, use not a "dovetail" or "butt-to-butt" when laying the beams, but a "warm corner". This work is done by default and you don't have to pay for it!

Conscientious and responsible builders from serious companies who value their name will do everything in at its best. You won't even hear questions - do you need roks or a warm corner - they just do it. Of course, there are cases when the customers themselves refuse to strengthen window and door openings. The construction company has the right to issue a receipt, where the customer indicates that he refuses this work. So, the developer disclaims responsibility for further consequences, and the future owner of the house runs the risk of encountering problematic timber shrinkage.

And your house will be cozy, strong and durable, because now you know exactly what dowels, royki are for and what a “warm corner” is.

In that profiled timber houses- this is a modern, reliable and profitable way of building housing, no one doubts today. It is not surprising that houses, baths and outbuildings made of this material in last years can be found everywhere. List the benefits timber houses possible indefinitely. However, in this article we have set ourselves the task of telling you about one drawback of wooden (including timber) buildings and ways to neutralize this drawback. We will talk about the natural moisture content of wood, and the problems associated with it.

Timber houses: the crux of the problem

As you know, wood is a natural material that was once a living organism. Like all living things, wood contains moisture. Over time, some of this moisture evaporates from the wood, and the wood begins to dry out and crack.

This may not be visible to the naked eye, but nevertheless affects the overall design. log house, causing deformation of window and door openings.

Shrinkage degree profiled timber houses may depend on many factors.

First of all, this is the level of humidity and the type of wooden material for construction, the type of wood, the season and construction technology.

Usually, shrinkage is most intense in the first three to four months after construction is completed.

Royki: protection of timber houses from deformation and shrinkage

In order to neutralize Negative influence to your log house of the problem described above, two complementary methods are used:

• Used to build a house profiled timber, which has undergone additional industrial drying. The percentage of moisture in such a bar is not more than 20. As a result, there is less shrinkage and shrinkage of an already finished house.
• Used for doors and windows swarms.

If everything is clear with a decrease in the moisture content of the material, then what is beams for wooden houses, We invite you to talk in more detail.

Royka for a wooden house- This is a special block of wood with a square section. This bar (royka) is inserted into the prepared groove at the end of the window or door opening.

Roiki help to effectively solve the problem of deformation of window and door openings. If we just saw an opening in the wall from a beam, and then install a window or a door in it, then, after a while, the drying wood will make your opening too large, and the door frame or window frame will simply fall out of it. To avoid such a development of events, install between the frame or door frame swarms reducing the negative effects of drying and subsidence of wood to a minimum.

How racks are installed

When installing roek for timber houses, usually the following steps are taken:

• An opening is cut in the wall of the house for a door or window, and its finishing is carried out.
• In the end part of the resulting opening, a longitudinal cut is made. The cutting depth should correspond to the height of the slats, and the length should be 6-12 cm longer than the length of the used beams for timber houses. This will give room for the shrink gap.
• After that beams for wooden houses are installed in the prepared cuts, and door or window frames are already attached to them. A gap is also left (about 5 cm wide) between the ends of the log house and the frames of windows or doors. This gap is then filled with a special insulation, which is also necessary for the safe shrinkage of the house.

Thus, by applying in practice all of the above technologies, we achieve the absence in our log houses defects associated with shrinkage and shrinkage of such a valuable natural building material like wood!

Timber construction - a combination the latest technologies and ancient traditions. Often, not all terms are clear to the layman, because the proposals of the developer company are unclear, especially when they require a separate fee.

One of those odd moments is beams of window and door openings.

When ordering the construction of a wooden house, it is worth knowing in advance what a casing bar is, whether it is needed and, if necessary, whether it is worth paying extra for it.

What are roi and what do they look like?

Roiki(otherwise - casing bars) - vertical elements necessary to maintain the geometry of the walls in the area of ​​window and door openings.

At first glance, it is not clear how such a simple detail can be so important, because the opening of the opening looks like an ordinary bar of rectangular, often square section. But the need to install a casing bar is high, especially in a house that is built from a bar of natural moisture.

Mounting royki window openings, cutting a groove under them in the end part of the bars. It is worth knowing that the length of the casing bar should be 6-12 centimeters less than the height of the opening. During shrinkage, the upper beam and those under it will fall. The rod moves freely along the groove prepared for it, without changing its position relative to the vertical and reliably holding the position of the log beams in the opening.

In what cases are rods necessary?

Any home built for permanent residence, requires strict adherence to technology, and royki are provided for in it.

But their installation is especially important in the following cases:

• construction from a bar with a high degree of humidity;
• complex construction of walls with a large number of openings, their large-scale dimensions;
• if the plans include the installation of PVC window and door blocks (in this case, the casing has a special design).

The only case when you can do without a casing bar is the construction of a house or a bathhouse from glued beams of large sections. But this material itself is not cheap and there is no point in saving on the installation of swarms.

Royki - the key to straight walls in your home

To begin with, pay attention to the warranty obligations and clauses of the contract with the developer company. Usually there is a guarantee for the integrity of wall structures. If this is so, do not listen to the arrived workers who offer to improve the structure with the help of casing bars, otherwise, they say, "the walls will lead."

With such an attempt at extortion, call the head office of the company that ordered the construction of the house or bath. Inform that if you change the geometry of the walls, you will apply for warranty service, and the developer will be obliged to eliminate the shortcomings. This method is suitable only if the contract really spells out responsibility for the integrity of the structure.

Is it necessary to overpay for the installation of casing in the openings of the log house?

This is a moot point. A conscientious developer company lays the cost of swarms in the price of building a house in advance, because they are necessary. More "savvy" covens offer construction at a reduced price, putting forward their proposals for the installation of swarms and other supposedly additional services are already in place after the future owner of the house has concluded a contract with them. In this way, they easily find those who want to save money, later still receiving money for the installation of casing bars and other obligatory quality construction operations.

Decide for yourself whether you want to order the construction of a house in a company where everything is transparent or trying to save money (in the end, often overpaying). What if you have already signed an agreement and only now realized that you are dealing with the above-described covenants?

To save the situation, do the following:

• carefully read the contract again, check the warranty period;
• make it clear to the builders that you are not one of those who will let things go “on the brakes” in case of shortcomings;
• if the contract contains a clause on responsibility for the integrity of the structure, discuss this with the foreman, foreman or other manager and explain that in case of deformation of the walls you will demand the correction of the defect under the guarantee.

These three simple steps will help you show that you are not “barely born” and do not let your rights be violated.

In the absence of responsibility for maintaining the geometry of the log house during operation and the warranty period, you have no choice but to pay extra for the installation of slats. If construction has not yet begun, refuse the services of such performers.

Deformation of door or window openings is possible. This happens for several reasons:

• High humidity of the wood used for the construction of the structure.
• Extreme shrinkage of the building.
• A serious departure from construction technology.
• Wrong type of wood.

It is quite possible to completely level the curvature of openings or minimize them. It is necessary to use for construction work wood that has undergone special processing, including drying, and to mount swarms.

Appointment of swarms

A shovel is considered to be a simple wooden block, usually having square section. It is mounted at the end of the opening immediately before installing doors or windows. If this procedure is neglected, then the openings can be significantly deformed or skewed.

In inclement and rainy weather, wood is able to actively absorb moisture and increase in size, and on sunny days, decrease. After a while, the opening becomes weaker, so if you do not use slats, then the window structure or door frame will hang out exclusively on fasteners.

Manufacturing and preparation: tricks and subtleties

For the manufacture of rokya, it is necessary to choose only high-quality, well-dried wood. The width and length of this element should correspond as much as possible to the size of the cut into which it will be mounted. The ideal length is usually 5-7 cm less than the height of the opening itself. Due to this difference, a strong stop is provided, designed to protect the opening from deformation.

Installation

1. Using a chainsaw, you need to cut a hole in the wall for the door frame or window construction. It must be treated with special compounds.
2. It is necessary to carry out a longitudinal cut in the inner part of the opening. Make sure that its depth exactly matches the thickness of the swivel. And the saw cut is usually 5-12 cm longer than it.
3. Now you can proceed with the installation of the racks, and then proceed with the installation of doors and windows.

A gap of 5-7 cm wide is formed between the swiveling and the upper part of the opening, into which a heater is placed (for example, tow or flax fiber). They not only retain elasticity for a long period of time, but also help prevent subsidence of the building. It is strictly forbidden to fill the gaps with construction foam. It is able to glue the logs and disrupt the natural shrinkage process of the structure.

Conclusion

If you are planning to build a reliable and comfortable home, then do not neglect the procedure for mounting the racks. It seems that this is a primitive piece of bar, but its functionality is difficult to overestimate. Only in this case, you can not worry that the door or window openings in the house are deformed. Moreover, the whole procedure does not take any other time.

Royki in the construction of houses from timber.

With all the benefits and advantages of houses made of timber, the developer who has chosen this material will definitely face a question that clearly will not give him pleasure. The problem lies in such factors that during shrinkage or shrinkage, the openings for windows and doors are bent.

The level of deformation of openings depends on many reasons:

a) timber moisture content;
b) tree type;
c) building season;
d) the correctness of technological processes;
e) the rate of shrinkage of the structure.

Precautionary methods can help to avoid curvature of openings for windows and doors. The first is to use construction work only the beam that was subjected to additional technological drying. This will reduce shrinkage and shrinkage of the building material by 20%. The second is to use swarms.
If everything is clear with the first, then for many developers the very concept of “royka” does not mean anything.
The rods are a stump of a tree that has a square cross section and are used for installation at the end of openings for windows and doors in a groove prepared in advance. Some builders call swarms spikes for openings.
What gives the installation of roek? They effectively solve an unpleasant problem, such as curvature of openings for windows and doors. If we exclude the use of rods, but simply insert a window or door block, then under the influence of shrinkage or shrinkage, the opening will not be of the appropriate size, and the door frame or window can easily fall out of it. The rods are the protective shield that makes the problem of deformation of the openings minimal.

Royki on the windows

After an opening is made in the wall, an unrestrained edge is formed at the beam, and not fixed in any way with parts of the building. By setting window frame, followed by fastening with fastening material to the end of the opening, when the structure shrinks or shrinks, the fastening in the beams weakens, and they sag on the fasteners. And the bars under the opening are partially released from the tongue-and-groove joints, which can even lead to their twisting. Using rojki on window openings, as an element of an intermediate paper clip, it is possible to avoid this process as much as possible.

Racks on the door

The use of slats for doorways is just as important as for windows. But on the openings in which the doors will be located, the shrinkage pressure is more negative, since the doors are much larger in size. Consequently, the doorway is subject to greater deformation, and hence the mandatory use of rods. Studding of door and window openings, the so-called technology for the use of rods, significantly reduces the process of deformation, with natural shrinkage of the house. Royki become a reliable barrier for twisting building material. And without fail, it is necessary to take into account that the gap between the wall and the box is not less than the amount of subsidence of the structure, otherwise this can lead to distortion and jamming of the door itself. When installing door rails, its lower part is lowered to the very bottom of the opening, leaving a gap on top, which will serve as an obligatory space during shrinkage.

Rack design

For all work related to the installation of rods (studding of door and window openings), certain rules and dimensions must be observed, on which the correct shrinkage directly depends. The first thing you need to know is that the natural shrinkage of a timber structure is 1/20 of the original height.
Secondly, the thickness and width of products such as slats must be clearly consistent with the depth and width of the sawn and prepared recess. As for the length of the rod, its length should be from 5 to 10 cm less than the end opening. This question is quite important, since this distance is the clearance that allows shrinkage.

Rack installation

The technology for mounting the racks consists in technological operations:

1. Sawing a span for an opening, the operation is the same for both the entrance group and the windows.
2. Edges are finished.
3. At the ends of the prepared openings for windows and doors, longitudinal sawing is carried out, with the condition of the consistency of the swarms, which will allow the house to “sit down” naturally.
4. Installation of the slats in the already prepared cuts, and only after that, the door or window frames are attached to the slats.
5. Filling gaps with insulating materials.

It should be noted that when mounting the rail, its lower part is installed close to the very bottom of the opening, and the upper empty part is a space for shrinkage. When driving the rod into the groove, it should enter it quite tightly, but not forever. The boxes are attached directly to the rails and to the bottom edge of the opening. The height of windows (doors) and rails must be consistent with each other. Between the upper parts of the opening and the box, a space of _ + 5 cm is left for insulation.